PREHISTORIC - EARLY HISTORIC
PREHISTORIC - EARLY HISTORIC LOWER NUBIA
UPPER EGYPT
NORTH
circa 4000 B.C.
CENTRAL
SOUTH
UPPER NUBIA
Final Qadan Early Khartoum Abkan Variant (Haifa/ (Haifa/ Second Second Cataract) Cataract)
Naqada I
Early Khartoum Related Group
Developed Abkan (Haifa Second Cataract)
Terminal Abkan (Haifa Second Cataract)
Naqada II
Naqada III
Dynasty I
Classic A-Group
Terminal A-Group
(2955-2780 B.C.)
Pre-Kerma
Dynasties Dynasties II-VII-V (2980-2290 (2980-2290 B.C.) B.C.)
2290 B.C.
Terminal A-Group? or “B-Group”?
HISTORIC PERIOD EGYPT
LOWER NUBIA
UPPER NUBIA
(archaeological records)
2635 B.C. Dynasty III
2570 B.C.
Dynasty IV 2450 B.C. Old Kingdom
Dynasty V
2290 B.C.
Early Kerma Culture
Cultural Break?
Dynasty VI
2155 B.C.
2040 B.C.
Post-Terminal A-Group or B-Group?
Early C-Group Dynasties VII-X First Intermediate Dynasty Period XI
Middle Kingdom
Dynasty XII
(Phase I/a Phase I/b)
Middle Kerma Culture
C-Group
(Phase II/a Phase II/b)
1785 B.C.
1554 B.C.
Second Intermediate Period
Dynasty XIII
C-Group
Dynasties XIV-XVII
Intrusive Pan-grave and Later Kerma cultures
(Phase III)
Classic Kerma Culture
Kerma Recent New Kingdom
Dynasty XVII
Complete Acculturation of all Groups
HISTORIC PERIOD EGYPT
LOWER NUBIA
New Kingdom
UPPER NUBIA
Egyptian Domination 1500-1100 B.C.
Dynasties XVIII-XX 1551-1080 B.C.
1000 B.C. Third Intermediate Period Dynasties XXI-XXIV 1080-715 B.C.
Kushite Domination (=Dynasty XXV) 747-656 B.C.
Late Period
500 B.C.
KINGDOM OF KUSH
Early 9th Century B.C. to A.D. 350
Dynasties XXV to Ptolemaic Period 750-30 B.C. Persian Domination 525-404 B.C.
Napatan Period
Early 9th Century B.C. to 270 B.C.
Ptolemaic Period 330-30 B.C.
0
KINGDOM OF KUSH Meroitic Period 270 B.C.-A.D. 350
Roman Period 30 B.C. - A.D. 395
Ballana culture
Tanqasi culture?
A.D. 400-545
A.D. 500 Byzantine Period A.D. 395-640
CHRISTIAN PERIOD
CHRISTIAN PERIOD
Kingdom of Nobotia
Kingdom of Makuria
A.D. 543 to end of 7th century
A.D. 1000
Unification of Kingdoms of Makuria and Nobotia end of 7th century
Islamic Period
A.D. 640 to present
A.D. 1500
A.D. 543-1323
Kingdom of Makuria
Islamic Period
A.D. 1323 to present
UPPER EGYPT
NORTH
circa 4000 B.C.
CENTRAL
SOUTH
UPPER NUBIA
Final Qadan Early Khartoum Abkan Variant (Haifa/ (Haifa/ Second Second Cataract) Cataract)
Naqada I
Early Khartoum Related Group
Developed Abkan (Haifa Second Cataract)
Terminal Abkan (Haifa Second Cataract)
Naqada II
Naqada III
Dynasty I
Classic A-Group
Terminal A-Group
(2955-2780 B.C.)
Pre-Kerma
Dynasties Dynasties II-VII-V (2980-2290 (2980-2290 B.C.) B.C.)
2290 B.C.
Terminal A-Group? or “B-Group”?
HISTORIC PERIOD EGYPT
LOWER NUBIA
UPPER NUBIA
(archaeological records)
2635 B.C. Dynasty III
2570 B.C.
Dynasty IV 2450 B.C. Old Kingdom
Dynasty V
2290 B.C.
Early Kerma Culture
Cultural Break?
Dynasty VI
2155 B.C.
2040 B.C.
Post-Terminal A-Group or B-Group?
Early C-Group Dynasties VII-X First Intermediate Dynasty Period XI
Middle Kingdom
Dynasty XII
(Phase I/a Phase I/b)
Middle Kerma Culture
C-Group
(Phase II/a Phase II/b)
1785 B.C.
1554 B.C.
Second Intermediate Period
Dynasty XIII
C-Group
Dynasties XIV-XVII
Intrusive Pan-grave and Later Kerma cultures
(Phase III)
Classic Kerma Culture
Kerma Recent New Kingdom
Dynasty XVII
Complete Acculturation of all Groups
HISTORIC PERIOD EGYPT
LOWER NUBIA
New Kingdom
UPPER NUBIA
Egyptian Domination 1500-1100 B.C.
Dynasties XVIII-XX 1551-1080 B.C.
1000 B.C. Third Intermediate Period Dynasties XXI-XXIV 1080-715 B.C.
Kushite Domination (=Dynasty XXV) 747-656 B.C.
Late Period
500 B.C.
KINGDOM OF KUSH
Early 9th Century B.C. to A.D. 350
Dynasties XXV to Ptolemaic Period 750-30 B.C. Persian Domination 525-404 B.C.
Napatan Period
Early 9th Century B.C. to 270 B.C.
Ptolemaic Period 330-30 B.C.
0
KINGDOM OF KUSH Meroitic Period 270 B.C.-A.D. 350
Roman Period 30 B.C. - A.D. 395
Ballana culture
Tanqasi culture?
A.D. 400-545
A.D. 500 Byzantine Period A.D. 395-640
CHRISTIAN PERIOD
CHRISTIAN PERIOD
Kingdom of Nobotia
Kingdom of Makuria
A.D. 543 to end of 7th century
A.D. 1000
Unification of Kingdoms of Makuria and Nobotia end of 7th century
Islamic Period
A.D. 640 to present
A.D. 1500
A.D. 543-1323
Kingdom of Makuria
Islamic Period
A.D. 1323 to present
