Prehistory of the Cloud
A PREHISTORY OF THE CLOUD
The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments Introduction ix
1
vii
The Shape of the Network 1 The Graft 1 “ Strange and Unusual Fits, ” 1961 11 Truckstop Networks (Portola Valley, California)
2
24
Time-Sharing and Virtualization 37 Intimacies of the User: From the Stolen Look to Stolen Time 37 “ The Victorians Built Magnificent Drains ” : Waste, Privacy, and the Cloud Cloud Cartography 66
Interlude: Learning from Santa Clara 73 3
Data Centers and Data Bunkers 79 “ The Internet Must Be Defended! ” 79 Bunker Archaeology 96 The Melancholy of New Media 104
4
Seeing the Cloud of Data 111 War as Big Data 111 “ The Other Night Sky ” : Seeing and Counterseeing Necropolitics 135
126
52
VI
Conclusion 145 Notes 149 Bibliography 177 Index 195
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
X
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Figure I.1
XI
XII
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XIII
XIV
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XV
XVI
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XVII
XVIII
How to View Emptiness
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XIX
XX
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XXI
XXII
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Figure I.2
XXIII
XXIV
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Mapping Cloud /Mapping the Cloud
XXV
XXVI
Table I.1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XXVII
XXVIII
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XXIX
1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
The Graft
2
CHAPTER 1
Figure 1.1 ×
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
Figure 1.2
3
4
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
5
6
Figure 1.3
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
7
8
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
9
10
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
“ Strange and Unusual Fits, ” 1961
11
12
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
13
14
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
15
16
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
17
18
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
19
20
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
21
22
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
Figure 1.4
23
24
Truckstop Networks (Portola Valley, California)
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
25
26
Figure 1.5
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
27
28
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
Figure 1.6 ×
29
30
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
31
EICHLER REPEATER PRU
LOS ANGELES ISIC
NC
P-T E
LN E
T
PRU
BBN
BOSTON
T ELNE TCP-T
ARPA NET
TIU SRI VAN
PRU STATION/ GATEWAY MENLO PARK
PR NET
FIRST WEEKLY REPORT BY RADIO
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.8 ×
PORTOLA VALLEY, CA
32
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
33
34
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
35
INTERLUDE: LEARNING FROM SANTA CLARA
74
INTERLUDE
INTERLUDE
75
76
INTERLUDE
INTERLUDE
77
3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
“ The Internet Must Be Defended! ”
80
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
81
82
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
a
b
Figure 3.1a, b
83
84
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
85
86
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
87
88
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
89
90
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
91
92
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
93
94
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
95
96
Bunker Archaeology
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
97
98
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
99
100
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
101
102
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
103
104
The Melancholy of New Media
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
Figure 3.2
105
106
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
107
108
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
109
110
CHAPTER 3
4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
War as Big Data
112
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
113
114
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
115
116
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
Figure 4.1
117
118
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
119
120
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
121
122
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
123
124
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
125
126
“ The Other Night Sky ” : Seeing and Counterseeing
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
127
128
CHAPTER 4
Figure 4.2 ×
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
129
130
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
131
132
Figure 4.3
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
133
134
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
Necropolitics
135
136
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
137
138
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
139
140
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
141
142
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
143
144
CHAPTER 4
NOTES NOTES
Introduction
150
NOTES
NOTES
151
152
NOTES
NOTES
1
153
The Shape of the Network
154
NOTES
NOTES
155
156
NOTES
NOTES
157
158
2
NOTES
Time-Sharing and Virtualization
NOTES
159
160
NOTES
NOTES
161
162
NOTES
NOTES
163
164
NOTES
NOTES
3
165
Data Centers and Data Bunkers
166
NOTES
NOTES
167
168
NOTES
NOTES
169
170
4
NOTES
Seeing the Cloud of Data
NOTES
171
172
NOTES
NOTES
173
174
NOTES
NOTES
175
176
Conclusion
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
178
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
179
180
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
181
182
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184
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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186
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188
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
189
190
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
191
192
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
193
194
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments Introduction ix
1
vii
The Shape of the Network 1 The Graft 1 “ Strange and Unusual Fits, ” 1961 11 Truckstop Networks (Portola Valley, California)
2
24
Time-Sharing and Virtualization 37 Intimacies of the User: From the Stolen Look to Stolen Time 37 “ The Victorians Built Magnificent Drains ” : Waste, Privacy, and the Cloud Cloud Cartography 66
Interlude: Learning from Santa Clara 73 3
Data Centers and Data Bunkers 79 “ The Internet Must Be Defended! ” 79 Bunker Archaeology 96 The Melancholy of New Media 104
4
Seeing the Cloud of Data 111 War as Big Data 111 “ The Other Night Sky ” : Seeing and Counterseeing Necropolitics 135
126
52
VI
Conclusion 145 Notes 149 Bibliography 177 Index 195
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
X
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Figure I.1
XI
XII
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XIII
XIV
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XV
XVI
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XVII
XVIII
How to View Emptiness
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XIX
XX
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XXI
XXII
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Figure I.2
XXIII
XXIV
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Mapping Cloud /Mapping the Cloud
XXV
XXVI
Table I.1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XXVII
XXVIII
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
XXIX
1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
The Graft
2
CHAPTER 1
Figure 1.1 ×
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
Figure 1.2
3
4
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
5
6
Figure 1.3
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
7
8
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
9
10
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
“ Strange and Unusual Fits, ” 1961
11
12
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
13
14
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
15
16
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
17
18
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
19
20
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
21
22
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
Figure 1.4
23
24
Truckstop Networks (Portola Valley, California)
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
25
26
Figure 1.5
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
27
28
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
Figure 1.6 ×
29
30
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
31
EICHLER REPEATER PRU
LOS ANGELES ISIC
NC
P-T E
LN E
T
PRU
BBN
BOSTON
T ELNE TCP-T
ARPA NET
TIU SRI VAN
PRU STATION/ GATEWAY MENLO PARK
PR NET
FIRST WEEKLY REPORT BY RADIO
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.8 ×
PORTOLA VALLEY, CA
32
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
33
34
CHAPTER 1
THE SHAPE OF THE NETWORK
35
INTERLUDE: LEARNING FROM SANTA CLARA
74
INTERLUDE
INTERLUDE
75
76
INTERLUDE
INTERLUDE
77
3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
“ The Internet Must Be Defended! ”
80
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
81
82
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
a
b
Figure 3.1a, b
83
84
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
85
86
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
87
88
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
89
90
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
91
92
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
93
94
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
95
96
Bunker Archaeology
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
97
98
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
99
100
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
101
102
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
103
104
The Melancholy of New Media
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
Figure 3.2
105
106
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
107
108
CHAPTER 3
DATA CENTERS AND DATA BUNKERS
109
110
CHAPTER 3
4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
War as Big Data
112
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
113
114
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
115
116
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
Figure 4.1
117
118
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
119
120
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
121
122
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
123
124
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
125
126
“ The Other Night Sky ” : Seeing and Counterseeing
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
127
128
CHAPTER 4
Figure 4.2 ×
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
129
130
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
131
132
Figure 4.3
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
133
134
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
Necropolitics
135
136
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
137
138
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
139
140
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
141
142
CHAPTER 4
SEEING THE CLOUD OF DATA
143
144
CHAPTER 4
NOTES NOTES
Introduction
150
NOTES
NOTES
151
152
NOTES
NOTES
1
153
The Shape of the Network
154
NOTES
NOTES
155
156
NOTES
NOTES
157
158
2
NOTES
Time-Sharing and Virtualization
NOTES
159
160
NOTES
NOTES
161
162
NOTES
NOTES
163
164
NOTES
NOTES
3
165
Data Centers and Data Bunkers
166
NOTES
NOTES
167
168
NOTES
NOTES
169
170
4
NOTES
Seeing the Cloud of Data
NOTES
171
172
NOTES
NOTES
173
174
NOTES
NOTES
175
176
Conclusion
NOTES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
178
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
179
180
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
181
182
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183
184
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185
186
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187
188
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
189
190
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
191
192
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
193
194
BIBLIOGRAPHY
