Psyc 308A Sept 29th, 2014 (Fri. Monday) amazonaws com
Sept 29th, 2014 (Fri. Monday)
Psyc 308A
Chapter 1-5, MC + Short answers/ Review session on Thursday 4:30 pm @ Kenny 2101
Self-perception: -
Self-understanding
-
Self-enhancement
Slide 8: Self-schema: a mental structure that we use to organise information -
Schemas about fashion, class and yourself!
-
Infinite amount of information about you!
-
Self-concept: information contained in your self schema o
-
You organize it in a schema so you can understand yourself in a more logical, coherent matter
3 ways schema works: o
Fill in the blanks for us
o
…
o
Directs your attention to certain types of information
Self-reference effect: when learning new information it is much easier to remember if it has something to do with you or you have a strongly related and identified with it Slide 12: -
20 statements test (self-construal) o
-
I am…
Jenny
Female
21
Student
Canadian
A sister
Happy
A way that people describe themselves and see what’re more important about themselves, they find that people are more likely to talk about their attribution…..
-
-
Slide 13: **Independent self-construal (view of the self) o
Self is viewed as separate entity from others; you are a different person from everyone else
o
Focus is on expressing oneself and promoting own goals
o
Important traits lie within the self
o
More characteristic of Western societies
Slide 14:** Interdependent self-construal o
Self is interconnected with others
o
Focus on restraining oneself, and promoting other peoples goals
o
Important traits lie at the intersection of different relationships
Slide 15: Survey online -
Interdependent items o
-
E.g. I have respect for the authority figures with whom I interact
Independent items: o
E.g. I am the same person at home than I am at school
Self-concept clarity: -
We see ourselves as a stable, clearly defined entity
-
Really depends on whether we have interdependent or independent self-construal
-
Independent self-construal: Most are focused on you, you are the same person across different social interactions
-
Interdependent self-construal: More at the intersections of you and your interaction partners, those are the key relationships you use to define yourself o
Consequence: More complex, you act differently in different situtations
Self-awareness: -
theory: people evaluate themselves based on their own internal standards when they focus attention on themselves
-
Independent self-construal: engage in subjective (because subject to you looking out) self-awareness
-
o
There’s a focus on your private thoughts
o
Your memory focus on a first person perspective.
Interdependent self-construal: Objective (this is you being evaluated) self-awareness
-
o
More concerned about how they should be in an ideal situation
o
Focuses on self evaluation
o
Third person perspective looking at yourself
Subjective vs. objective self-awareness: o
Objective self-awareness can be divided into
Self-based third person view •
Feel self conscious
•
Like looking in a mirror
•
Study on European Americans and Japanese o
Answer question about how they thought about themselves
o
When you look into a mirror forms a discountious of our ideal self and our real self
o
With mirror there’s more self discrepancy
Other based third person view (looking glass self) •
40’
•
Looking glass self: Seeing ourselves through another’s eyes assimilating their views into our self-concept and ways in which we evaluate ourselves
•
Mirror: own standard to judge your behaviour
•
Third person: ….
Self-discrepancy theory: -
Ideal self; actual self; ought self (what people think you should be)
-
Intersection of I want to be.. I am.. I should be…
-
Actual vs. Ideal: o
Sad, upset, dejected, depressed, failure to meet your own expectation of yourself
o
Higher degree of body weight discrepancy, there’s a higher chance of depressed related emotions and less anxious related emotions
o
Guilt: when we aren’t meeting our own expectations/own standards, we feel guilty
-
Actually vs. Ought: o
Anxious, fearful, worried, uncertain
o
Higher degree of body weight discrepancy, there’s a higher chance of anxious related emotions and a less chance of depressed emotions
o
Shame: When we aren’t meeting expectations of those around US such as parents expectations, you feel shame
Oct. 1st 2014 (5.Wed)
Psych 308A -
Putting it all together:
-
Self construal self awareness (Subjective self-awareness, looking glass self, self-based third person view) affective response these are are self-discrepancy
Self-enhancement: -
-
-
Fundamental motivation: we have fundamental motivation to feel good about ourselves whether or not its justified o
Overconfidence barrier
o
Self-enhancement
Make yourself feel good: o
Downward comparison (looking for people who aren’t as good as you)
o
Focus on domains you are good at
Self-handicapping: intentionally creating obstacles before a task in order to have an excuse for when behaviour falls short of expectations o
Poor performance = threatening if its our fault
-
Excuses= reason for poor performance (not out fault)
o
Weiner’s Theory Of Attribution
o
Perceived internal cause for poor performance = negative self-evaluation
o
Perceived external cause for poor performance = …..
How do we know what were good and bad at? o
Social comparison theory
Explains: when we engage in comparison with others
What happens when we compare ourselves to people who are “better/worse” than us?
•
Am I tall? You can compare with people around you, compared to them are you taller? In Japan you might be.
Downward social comparison: comparing to someone worse than you
Upward social comparison: Comparing to someone better than you
??? Impact of downward and upward comparison is lied on the future oriented social comparison framework, try to understand of the good and bad consequences of different kinds of social comparisons o
Future similarity (perceived potential for someone to reach the same state…..) Slide 20
o
Stability of standing 23’
o •
Is Billy likely to be what bob looks like?
Is our standing likely to change
Modifiability Perceived control of your own standing
Upward social comparison o
Billy thinks he can be like Thor
o
You either think Standing is changeable, I am able to change it
o
•
-
More positive responses to upward social comparison, you think your trait is modifiability and you personally able to enact some certain change, less stability in terms of your current state being able to change
Or you think that your current state is not going to change toward that target, than you will have threats to self-esteem,
Downward social comparison: o
Standing is unchangeable (as long as nothing bad is going happen to me) , e.g. devolve to the state, change from Billy to Bob
o
Standing is changeable, I am not able to change it: If you think there’s a good change that you are going devolve, and you cant change it, nothing you can do about being changed from Billy to bob,
When Canucks when we usually say “we won”; when Canucks lose we usually say “they lost
o
Basking in reflected glory VS. cutting off reflected failure
o
Basking in reflected glory: We indentify ourselves with successful others to selfenhance
o
Cutting off reflected failure Distance ourselves from others who have failed or behaved poorly
o -
-
Emphasise aspects related to those successful others in our self-schemas
Isolate aspects… Slide 28
We have a lot of different ways to make ourselves better
We can self-handicapping, social comparison, BIRGing and CORFing o
Different tools that we can use to make ourselves feel better
o
What we manipulate our environment, reality is what we what it to be. If we want to feel good about ourselves, than that's how we’ll think, we will engage in different cognition to make ourselves feel good.
16 points on MC, 17 points are short answers
Psyc 308A
Chapter 1-5, MC + Short answers/ Review session on Thursday 4:30 pm @ Kenny 2101
Self-perception: -
Self-understanding
-
Self-enhancement
Slide 8: Self-schema: a mental structure that we use to organise information -
Schemas about fashion, class and yourself!
-
Infinite amount of information about you!
-
Self-concept: information contained in your self schema o
-
You organize it in a schema so you can understand yourself in a more logical, coherent matter
3 ways schema works: o
Fill in the blanks for us
o
…
o
Directs your attention to certain types of information
Self-reference effect: when learning new information it is much easier to remember if it has something to do with you or you have a strongly related and identified with it Slide 12: -
20 statements test (self-construal) o
-
I am…
Jenny
Female
21
Student
Canadian
A sister
Happy
A way that people describe themselves and see what’re more important about themselves, they find that people are more likely to talk about their attribution…..
-
-
Slide 13: **Independent self-construal (view of the self) o
Self is viewed as separate entity from others; you are a different person from everyone else
o
Focus is on expressing oneself and promoting own goals
o
Important traits lie within the self
o
More characteristic of Western societies
Slide 14:** Interdependent self-construal o
Self is interconnected with others
o
Focus on restraining oneself, and promoting other peoples goals
o
Important traits lie at the intersection of different relationships
Slide 15: Survey online -
Interdependent items o
-
E.g. I have respect for the authority figures with whom I interact
Independent items: o
E.g. I am the same person at home than I am at school
Self-concept clarity: -
We see ourselves as a stable, clearly defined entity
-
Really depends on whether we have interdependent or independent self-construal
-
Independent self-construal: Most are focused on you, you are the same person across different social interactions
-
Interdependent self-construal: More at the intersections of you and your interaction partners, those are the key relationships you use to define yourself o
Consequence: More complex, you act differently in different situtations
Self-awareness: -
theory: people evaluate themselves based on their own internal standards when they focus attention on themselves
-
Independent self-construal: engage in subjective (because subject to you looking out) self-awareness
-
o
There’s a focus on your private thoughts
o
Your memory focus on a first person perspective.
Interdependent self-construal: Objective (this is you being evaluated) self-awareness
-
o
More concerned about how they should be in an ideal situation
o
Focuses on self evaluation
o
Third person perspective looking at yourself
Subjective vs. objective self-awareness: o
Objective self-awareness can be divided into
Self-based third person view •
Feel self conscious
•
Like looking in a mirror
•
Study on European Americans and Japanese o
Answer question about how they thought about themselves
o
When you look into a mirror forms a discountious of our ideal self and our real self
o
With mirror there’s more self discrepancy
Other based third person view (looking glass self) •
40’
•
Looking glass self: Seeing ourselves through another’s eyes assimilating their views into our self-concept and ways in which we evaluate ourselves
•
Mirror: own standard to judge your behaviour
•
Third person: ….
Self-discrepancy theory: -
Ideal self; actual self; ought self (what people think you should be)
-
Intersection of I want to be.. I am.. I should be…
-
Actual vs. Ideal: o
Sad, upset, dejected, depressed, failure to meet your own expectation of yourself
o
Higher degree of body weight discrepancy, there’s a higher chance of depressed related emotions and less anxious related emotions
o
Guilt: when we aren’t meeting our own expectations/own standards, we feel guilty
-
Actually vs. Ought: o
Anxious, fearful, worried, uncertain
o
Higher degree of body weight discrepancy, there’s a higher chance of anxious related emotions and a less chance of depressed emotions
o
Shame: When we aren’t meeting expectations of those around US such as parents expectations, you feel shame
Oct. 1st 2014 (5.Wed)
Psych 308A -
Putting it all together:
-
Self construal self awareness (Subjective self-awareness, looking glass self, self-based third person view) affective response these are are self-discrepancy
Self-enhancement: -
-
-
Fundamental motivation: we have fundamental motivation to feel good about ourselves whether or not its justified o
Overconfidence barrier
o
Self-enhancement
Make yourself feel good: o
Downward comparison (looking for people who aren’t as good as you)
o
Focus on domains you are good at
Self-handicapping: intentionally creating obstacles before a task in order to have an excuse for when behaviour falls short of expectations o
Poor performance = threatening if its our fault
-
Excuses= reason for poor performance (not out fault)
o
Weiner’s Theory Of Attribution
o
Perceived internal cause for poor performance = negative self-evaluation
o
Perceived external cause for poor performance = …..
How do we know what were good and bad at? o
Social comparison theory
Explains: when we engage in comparison with others
What happens when we compare ourselves to people who are “better/worse” than us?
•
Am I tall? You can compare with people around you, compared to them are you taller? In Japan you might be.
Downward social comparison: comparing to someone worse than you
Upward social comparison: Comparing to someone better than you
??? Impact of downward and upward comparison is lied on the future oriented social comparison framework, try to understand of the good and bad consequences of different kinds of social comparisons o
Future similarity (perceived potential for someone to reach the same state…..) Slide 20
o
Stability of standing 23’
o •
Is Billy likely to be what bob looks like?
Is our standing likely to change
Modifiability Perceived control of your own standing
Upward social comparison o
Billy thinks he can be like Thor
o
You either think Standing is changeable, I am able to change it
o
•
-
More positive responses to upward social comparison, you think your trait is modifiability and you personally able to enact some certain change, less stability in terms of your current state being able to change
Or you think that your current state is not going to change toward that target, than you will have threats to self-esteem,
Downward social comparison: o
Standing is unchangeable (as long as nothing bad is going happen to me) , e.g. devolve to the state, change from Billy to Bob
o
Standing is changeable, I am not able to change it: If you think there’s a good change that you are going devolve, and you cant change it, nothing you can do about being changed from Billy to bob,
When Canucks when we usually say “we won”; when Canucks lose we usually say “they lost
o
Basking in reflected glory VS. cutting off reflected failure
o
Basking in reflected glory: We indentify ourselves with successful others to selfenhance
o
Cutting off reflected failure Distance ourselves from others who have failed or behaved poorly
o -
-
Emphasise aspects related to those successful others in our self-schemas
Isolate aspects… Slide 28
We have a lot of different ways to make ourselves better
We can self-handicapping, social comparison, BIRGing and CORFing o
Different tools that we can use to make ourselves feel better
o
What we manipulate our environment, reality is what we what it to be. If we want to feel good about ourselves, than that's how we’ll think, we will engage in different cognition to make ourselves feel good.
16 points on MC, 17 points are short answers
