REGION OF DURHAM
REGION OF DURHAM EFFICIENT COMMUNITY
INTERIM REPORT MAY 4, 2007
BY VERITEC CONSULTING INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................1 2.0 DESCRIPTION/SCOPE: MONITORING PROGRAM DETAILS: .........1 3.0 DATA ANALYSIS. ...................................................................................3 3.1 Overall Water Consumption ...................................................................3 3.1.1 Non-Sub-metered Households: ........................................................3 3.1.2 Sub-metered Households: ................................................................3 3.2 Water Heater ...........................................................................................4 3.3 Clothes Washer - Cold Water .................................................................5 3.4 Clothes Washer - Hot Water ...................................................................5 3.5 Clothes Washer - Total Water Demand ..................................................5 3.6 Dishwasher:.............................................................................................5 3.7 Toilets......................................................................................................7 3.8 Water Savings Summary.........................................................................9 4.0 ENERGY DEMANDS ....................................................................................10 5.0 NATURAL GAS ...........................................................................................13 6.0 SUMMARY .................................................................................................13
Region of Durham – Efficient Community
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Durham Region, in conjunction with Tribute Communities, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM), has offered persons buying new homes in a designated community at Audley and Taunton Roads in Ajax Ontario, a high-efficiency upgrade option. This upgrade includes efficient plumbing fixtures (toilets and showerheads), ENERGY STAR appliances (refrigerators, washing machines, clothes dryers, dishwashers, and stoves), and landscape packages that are expected to require less water and less energy. Ninety-one homes received the upgrade, on a first-come-first-served basis. The goal of this project is to compare the energy and water demands of these upgraded homes (Study Group) with those of another group of eighty-five non-upgraded homes (Control Group) in the same subdivision1. The hydro, water, and gas meters are being read for all 176 homes on a semimonthly basis for an entire year. Also, in both areas a sub-group of 10 homes have had submeters installed on the various energy and water using appliances and fixtures identified above2. While overall water and energy savings related to the installation of the upgraded fixtures and appliances will be identified by comparing the Control and Study demands of the large number of non-sub-metered homes, the savings related to individual fixtures and appliances will be identified based on the data collected in the sub-metered homes.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the water, energy, and gas reductions related to the installation of efficiency fixtures and appliances.
2.0
DESCRIPTION/SCOPE: MONITORING PROGRAM DETAILS:
Every effort was made to ensure that the participating homes represent the larger neighbourhood in terms of housing types and demographics. By including data from 176 of the 300 new homes constructed in the first phase of this development, the results of this project should be statistically valid within a 95 percent confidence level and a margin of error of ±5 percent. As stated earlier, in each of the Study and Control areas, 10 homes are being sub-metered and data logged. Energy demands are being data logged for five appliances and water demands are being data logged for five fixtures/appliances. All of the monitoring points, with the exception of the hose bibb locations, involve both water and energy savings. Details of the sub-metering and data logging follow below.
1
The original intention was to have the same number of homes in each group, however, the process of garnering participation is not an exact science. 2 One home in the Study Group subsequently dropped out of the program, leaving nine participating homes in the Study Group. Veritec Consulting Inc.
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
Water sub-meters are installed at the following locations: • water heater inlet (record total hot water use within the home), • clothes washer hot water supply (a special hot water meter is required), • clothes washer cold water supply, • dishwasher (a special hot water meter is required), and • front and rear outdoor hose bibbs. Energy sub-meters are installed at the following locations: • fridge, • range (the same model of range was used by both Study and Control Groups because there is currently no ENERGY STAR certification specification for ranges), • dishwasher, • clothes washer, and • clothes dryer. The electrical and water sub-meters are radio frequency (RF) meters and can, therefore, be downloaded more frequently than would be possible with less advanced technology. A high frequency of data acquisition helps to quickly identify any anomalies or abrupt and unexpected changes in demand during the year-long monitoring period. Sub-metering helps quantify the differences in energy and water use between specific efficient fixtures/appliances and the ‘builder standard’ equipment. At the end of the monitoring period the benefit/cost ratios will be calculated for each upgrade to determine payback and lifecycle savings. This type of information should provide a clear business case for the Region of Durham when deciding whether to increase the efficiency requirements of new homes being constructed within the Region. The value of the sub-metering component of this project is very important given that water consuming fixtures and ENERGY STAR appliances are currently rated based on manufacturer-supplied data and not actual field data. The results of this project are expected to identify any differences between hypothetical use (based on manufacturers’ estimates) and “real-world” use. This interim report covers the data analysis for the period of October 2006 to March 2007, i.e., a period where little or no outdoor water use was expected. It is expected that water and energy demand patterns will change as the weather becomes warmer and people spend more time outdoors washing vehicles and irrigating lawns and gardens.
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3.0
DATA ANALYSIS.
The main evaluation of water and energy savings will be determined using the entire nonsub-metered Study and Control groups. With relatively large data sets the effects of one or two outliers (non-typical homes) would have only a small effect on the average overall savings – especially if outliers exist at both ends of the distribution curve. The savings related to the installation of individual fixtures and appliances within the homes will be determined by analyzing data from the sub-metered homes within each of the Study and Control areas. Since the sample size of the sub-metered groups is relatively small (10 Control and 9 Study homes) it is possible to have only one or two non-typical homes skew the results. As such, to better ensure the data analysis of the sub-metered groups more accurately reflects the water savings achieved in the non-sub-metered Study and Control groups, the sub-metered data are presented with clear outliers removed. Table 2 at the end of Section 3 summarizes the savings achieved to date. 3.1
Overall Water Consumption
3.1.1
Non-Sub-metered Households3:
• • • • • 3.1.2 • • • • •
3 4
Daily water consumption for the Control Group ranged from about 400 to 900 litres per household. Average daily demand in the Control Group from November 2006 to March 2007 = 616 litres per household. Daily water consumption for the Study Group ranged from about 350 to 720 litres per day per household. Average daily demand in the Study Group from November 2006 to March 2007 = 504 litres per household. Average daily water savings in Study Group (vs. Control Group) = 112 litres per household or 19%. Sub-metered Households4: Daily water consumption for the Control Group ranged from about 280 to 630 litres per household. Average daily demand in the Control Group from November 2006 to March 2007 = 497 litres per household. Daily water consumption for the Study Group ranged from about 320 to 460 litres per day per household. Average daily demand in the Study Group from November 2006 to March 2007 = 386 litres per household. Average daily water savings in Study Group (vs. Control Group) = 111 litres per household or 22.4%.
Outliers removed Outliers removed
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Table 1 – Overall Average Daily Water Demands Range of Demands L/day/household
Average Demand L/day/household
Non-Sub-Metered Control Group
400-900
Non-Sub-Metered Study Group
350-720
504
Sub-Metered Control Group
280-630
497
Sub-Metered Study Group
320-460
Savings L/day/household
616 112
111 386
Although the average water demands in the non-sub-metered homes (Control and Study Groups) is approximately 120 litres per day greater than the demands in the sub-metered homes, the actual average savings per home is remarkably similar (112 litres saved in the non-sub-metered homes vs. 111 litres in the sub-metered homes). The reason for the lower overall water demands in the sub-metered homes may be attributable to homeowners being more aware of water use due to the sub-metering, or simply because the sample size is relatively small. Based on the above data it appears that the water-efficient fixtures and appliances are having the desired impact of reducing household water demands but what portion of the savings can be attributed to each fixture or appliance will be computed later in this report. Figure 1 and Figure 2 on page six show the ranges in average day water demands for the nonsub-metered homes - each of the four months that have been monitored to date are included as a separate line to see if there is any significant variation between monthly demands5. Notice that the range of household water demands is larger in the Control Group, as is the average daily demand. 3.2
Water Heater
The total volume of hot water used by the participating sub-metered households was measured via a sub-meter installed on the inlet to the home’s water heater. • Daily hot water demand for the Control Group ranged from 100 to 341 litres per household. • Average daily hot water demand in the Control Group = 211 litres per household. • Daily hot water demand for the Study Group ranged from 123 to 288 litres per day per household. • Average daily hot water demand in the Study Group = 174 litres per household. • Average daily hot water savings in Study Group (vs. Control Group) = 37 litres per household, or 17.5%.
5
Significant monthly variations are only expected when the outdoor water use season begins.
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
3.3
Clothes Washer - Cold Water
As part of this study the volume of cold water used to wash clothes was recorded in the submetered homes. • Average water demand in Control Group = 104.4 litres per day per household. • Average water demand in the Study Group = 58.5 litres per day household. • Average daily cold water savings in Study Group equipped with water-efficient front-loading washers (vs. the Control Group fitted with traditional top-loading washers) = 45.9 litres per household, or 44%. 3.4
Clothes Washer - Hot Water
As part of this study the volume of hot water used to wash clothes was recorded in the submetered homes. • Average hot water demand in the Control Group = 15.9 litres per day per household. • Average hot water demand in the Study Group = 16.2 litres per day per household. • Average hot water savings in Study Group equipped with water-efficient frontloading washers (vs. the Control Group fitted with traditional top-loading washers) = -0.3 litres per day per household, or -1.9%. 3.5
Clothes Washer - Total Water Demand • • •
3.6
Average water demand in the Control Group = 120.3 litres per day per household. Average water demand in the Study Group = 74.7 litres per day per household. Average water savings in Study Group equipped with water-efficient frontloading washers (vs. the Control Group fitted with traditional top-loading washers) = 45.6 litres per day per household, or 37.9%.
Dishwasher:
As part of this study the volume of hot water used by the dishwasher was recorded in the submetered homes (there is no cold water supply to residential dishwashers). • Avg. daily water demand for dishwasher in Control Group = 6.8 litres per household. • Avg. daily water demand for dishwasher in Study Group = 10.5 litres per household. • Average daily hot water savings in Study Group equipped with water-efficient dishwashers (vs. the Control Group fitted with standard dish washers) = -3.7 litres per household, or -35%.
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community Figure 1
Control Group: Litres/day/household - Non-Sub-Metered Homes (Excluding Outliers) 1,000 900 800 700
Avg. Demand = 616 L/day/household
L/day/home
600 500 400
Nov 2006 to Dec 2006
300
Dec 2006 to Jan 2007
200
Jan 2007 to Feb 2007 100
Feb 2007 to Mar 2007
0 1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
Home Number
Figure 2
Study Group: Litres/day/household - Non-Sub-Metered Homes (Including Outliers) 1,000 900 800
L/day/home
700 600
Avg. Demand = 504 L/day/household
500 400
Nov 2006 - Dec 2006
300
Dec 2006 - Jan 2007 200
Jan 2007 - Feb 2007 100
Feb 2007 - Mar 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Home Number
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
It is interesting to note that 4 of the Study Group homes use more water than the maximum volume of water used by any household in the Control Group for the dishwasher. It has been estimated that dishwashers account for only about 1.4 percent of total indoor residential water use6. Based on an average demand of 225 Lcd and 2.5 persons per household7 this percentage would equate to an average rate of about 8 litres per household per day, or somewhere between the rates identified for both the Control and the Study groups. It is not known why the Study Group has a slightly higher dishwasher water demand than the Control Group (the values are within 3.7 litres per day) – it may be that the homeowners understand that using dishwashers to clean dishes is a more efficient process than washing dishes by hand (and, hence, they tend to use the dishwasher even more), or it may be related to something else. This question may be answered during the homeowner interviews that are expected to be completed at the end of the monitoring program. Table 2 – Water Demands & Savings: Sub-Metered Homes Overall Demands
Hot Water
Clothes Washer (cold)
Clothes Washer (hot)
Clothes Washer (combined)
Dishwasher (hot)
Control Group
497
211
104.4
15.9
120.3
6.8
Study Group
386
174
58.5
16.2
74.7
10.5
Volumetric Savings
111
37
45.9
-0.3
45.6
-3.7
Percentage Savings
22.3%
17.5%
44.0%
-1.9%
37.9%
-35.2%
3.7
Toilets
While all new homes being constructed in Ontario are required to be fitted with toilets that flush with no more than six litres, it is not uncommon for builders to install toilet models that provide marginal performance at best. Toilets that perform poorly can result in people changing their flushing habits in an attempt to improve performance, e.g., they may hold the flush handle longer to increase the flush volume or they may end up double-flushing more often. Homes in the Control Group were fitted with these types of builder-grade toilets. Homes in the Study Group were fitted with one high-performance six litre per flush toilets and one of two types of High-Efficiency Toilets or HET8 toilets. HETs have an effective flush volume of no more than 4.8 litres. These HET toilets are described as follows: •
4-litre Pressure-Assist: In traditional residential toilets water stored in the toilet tank is released via gravity into the bowl when the user activates the flush handle. Regardless of the water pressure of the water supply to the toilet, all of the energy available to flush the waste is provided by the difference in elevation between the water level in the tank and the water level in the bowl (approximately 0.5 PSI). Pressure-assist toilets take advantage of the water supply pressure by storing the water used for flushing in an air-tight pressure vessel, i.e., if
6
AWWA RF REUS, Aquacraft Values are estimated based on Durham’s demographics. 8 Performance levels were determined via the Maximum Performance (MaP) Testing program for toilets. 7
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
the water is supplied at 50 PSI the water pressure in the pressure vessel will also be 50 PSI. Because pressure-assisted toilets take advantage of the “free” energy available in the pressurized water supply they are able to flush with less water and still achieve highperformance results. The pressure-assisted toilet models used in this project flushed with only four litres of water. Pressure-assisted toilets were installed in the second floor washrooms of 48 homes. •
The remaining second floor bathrooms (in 23 homes) are outfitted with a standard 6 litre toilet that performs well and costs about the same as the builder standard toilet. It is hoped that the improved performance of this toilet will yield further water savings.
•
The average flush volume of the 48 four-litre per flush pressure-assisted toilets (4 litres per flush) and the 23 gravity toilets (6 litres per flush) is 4.65 litres, calculated as follows: (48 units x 4.0-Lpf + 23 units x 6-Lpf) ÷ (48 + 23) = 4.65 Lpf
•
Dual-Flush: This type of toilet has been popular in Europe for many years and is even mandated in Australia and Singapore. Because it takes less energy (and therefore less water) to flush liquids vs. solids, this type of toilet offers the user a choice between flush volumes: a full six litres to flush solid waste and a reduced three litres to flush liquid waste. Based on a ratio of two reduced flushes for every full flush, the effective flush volume of a 6-L/3-L dualflush toilet is approximately 4 litres. Dual-flush toilets were installed in all first floor powder rooms and in the sole second floor bathrooms of three of the Study homes because it was expected that these washrooms would experience a large percentage of “liquid” flushes.
Previous monitoring studies9 have determined that residential toilets are flushed an average of five times per day per person. The average occupancy of the homes included in this study is not known at this time but is assumed to be 3.0 persons per home for water savings calculations10. This analysis assumes that the HET and the 6-L model are flushed equally. The expected water savings of 10.1 litres per home in the Study Group of homes is calculated as follows: Control Group: 3.0 persons x 5 flushes/day x 6 litres per flush = 90 litres per homes per day Study Group: 3.0 persons x 5 flushes/day x [(6 L/flush + 4.65 L/flush) ÷ 2] = 79.9 litres per homes per day Savings: 90 litres per home per day – 79.9 litres per home per day = 10.1 litres per home per day
9
One example is the AWWA RF Residential End Use Study by Aquacraft. Household occupancy rates will be verified at the end of the monitoring period prior to the final savings analysis.
10
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
3.8
Water Savings Summary
Based on data from both the sub-metered and non-sub-metered homes it appears that to date the Study Group homes are using an average of about 111 litres less water per day than the Control Group homes. Water Savings identified through analyzing data from the sub-metered homes can be summarized as follows: Fixture / Appliance
L/day Savings
Clothes Washer (cold)
45.9
Clothes Washer (hot)
-0.3
11
Hot Water (other)
37
Dishwasher
-3.7
Toilets
10.1 Total
89.0
As can be seen, the volume of savings identified by the sub-metering portion of this project is slightly less than the average savings achieved by the non-sub-metered group. While this project was expected to achieve significant hot water savings related to the clothes washer and dishwasher (hot water demands were actually slightly greater in the Study group), only minor hot water savings were expected due to the use of upgraded Niagara Conservation Earth showerheads in the Study Group of homes. Of the total 89 litres per household per day savings achieved thus far in the project, only 52 litres per day (i.e., 89 minus the 37 litres of “other” hot water) can be directly attributed to the installation of the efficient fixtures and appliances. The remaining 37 litres per day of hot water savings may be related to the upgraded showerhead, the result of an increased awareness of water efficiency by the homeowners participating in the Study group, or it may be the result of something else. Additional information may be gathered during the homeowner interviews that will be completed at the
end of the monitoring program
11
The “other” hot water saved by the Study Group of homes may be related to reduced shower use (the Study Group received upgraded Earth showerheads), bath use, or to reduced faucet use.
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4.0
ENERGY DEMANDS
Energy consumption monitoring is an important component of this program. Energy demands were measured for several applications (listed below with comments): Table 3 – Meter Location: Energy Demands, Sub-Metered Homes Meter Location Comments Main household meter
Records entire electrical energy of home. Does not delineate between uses.
Stove
At this time there is no such thing as an Energy Star stove. Although the project included identifying the energy demands associated with operating an electric stove under typical residential conditions, no real difference in energy demands were expected between the Study and the Control homes. What’s more, some of the sub-metered homes have gas stoves.
Dishwasher
Dishwashers are responsible for very little energy and water use in the home (estimated as about 1.4% of water demands and about 5% of the energy)
Fridge
Although all Study homes were supplied with 18-ft3 Energy Star rated fridges, the type of fridges installed in the Control Group is not known at this time, i.e., the size and efficiency is not known.
Clothes washer
It is well known that water-efficient front-loading clothes washers are also more energy efficient. All homes in the Study Group were supplied with front-loading machines, whereas the Control Group was supplied with builder-grade top-loading machines or the homeowners supplied their own machines
Dryer
While there is no such thing as an Energy Star rated clothes dryer, there are still savings associated with this appliance if it is coupled with an efficient front-loading clothes washer, i.e., efficient clothes washers also spin the clothes at a faster rate meaning that they are dryer coming out of the wash and, therefore, require less time in the clothes dryer.
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The following table identifies the average daily energy demands of the sub-metered appliances in this study along with an estimate of the expected energy demands based on data from National Resources Canada. Table 4 – Energy Demands & Savings: Sub-Metered Homes Main Meter
Clothes Washer
Dryer
Dishwasher12
Fridge
Stove
Control Group
21.9
2.2
2.4
0.29
1.36
1.04
Study Group
17.2
1.5
1.8
0.32
1.30
1.10
kWh Savings
4.7
0.6
0.6
-0.03
0.06
-0.06
% Savings
21%
29%
23%
-10%
4.4%
-5.8%
NRCan – Standard
-
2.13
2.51
1.62
1.41
2.01
NRCan Efficient
-
1.35
2.51
1.35
1.21
2.01
As can be seen Table 4, the total energy savings for the sub-metered Study Group of homes averaged 3.4 kWh per day, or 19 percent, compared to the sub-metered Control Group. The average energy demands for the non-sub-metered Study Group of homes was 19.8 kWh and for the non-sub-metered Control Group was 17.2 kWh, for a savings of 2.6 kWh per day or 13.1% (see Figure 3) - slightly less than that achieved in the sub-metered homes. Table 5 – Energy Demands & Savings: Sub-Metered & Non-Sub-Metered Homes Category kWh per Day Control Group sub-metered
21.9
Study Group sub-metered
17.2
Savings kWh/day
4.7
Savings Percentage
21%
Control Group non-sub-metered
19.8
Study Group non-sub-metered
17.2
Savings kWh/day
2.6
Savings Percentage
13%
It is interesting to note that the total average energy savings achieved in the Study Group (3.4 kWh/day) is far greater than can be explained via the installation of the efficient appliances. For example, the primary savings of 1.2 kWh comes equally from the clothes washer and dryer, whereas the savings related to the fridge is relatively small (about 1/10th the savings 12
Note that the energy demand data does not seem to correlate with the water demand data for the dishwasher, i.e., the energy demand seems to be only 20-25% as high as it is expected to be. Further investigation into this will be conducted as the project continues.
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related to either the clothes washer or dryer) and the savings related to the dishwasher and stove are actually negative (the same model of stove was installed in both the Study and Control Group homes so no savings were expected). So, the energy savings achieved by the installation of the efficient appliance package accounts for only about one-third of the total energy savings achieved by the sub-metered Study group of homes. The reason for this “additional” savings has not yet been identified but may be related to a greater use of other efficient appliances and equipment (e.g., microwave, toaster, kettle, computer, lighting, etc.), to a higher level of energy-efficiency awareness in the Study group (e.g., they may be more prudent at turning off lights when they leave a room), or to a combination of both.
Figure 3
Energy Demand, kWh/day Non-Sub-Metered Homes 40
35
30
kWh/day
25
Avg. demand Control = 19.8 kWh/day 20
Avg. demand Study = 17.2 kWh/day
15
10
5
Study
Control
0 1
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73
Home Number
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5.0
NATURAL GAS
Natural gas meter readings were recorded for the participating homes. The primary difference in natural gas demand between the Study and Control groups of homes would be related to a reduction in hot water demand in the Study Group (i.e., less gas used to heat the water). At this time the Study Group is saving an average of 37 litres per day per home, or about 17.5% of the total hot water demands, compared to the Control Group. Other factors that must be considered when considering changes in natural gas demands include the presence of gas stoves and gas BBQs in some of the homes. Further analysis regarding the variation in natural gas demands between the Control and Study groups of homes will be completed as the project continues. The effect of gas BBQs is expected to be more pronounced as summer approaches.
Table 6 – Natural Gas Demands Group
Sub-metered
Non-sub-metered
Control Group
12.4
10.3
Study Group
11.0
9.6
Savings m
1.4
0.7
Savings Percentage
11.3%
7.0%
3
6.0
SUMMARY
To date, water, energy, and natural gas savings have been identified in the Study Group. In fact, more water and energy savings have been identified than were expected due to the installation of the efficient fixtures and appliances. At this time no calculations have been completed to determine the expected savings in natural gas. •
Water Savings:
111 L/day per household (22.3%)
•
Energy Savings:
4.7 kWh/day per household (21%)
•
Natural Gas Savings: 0.7 m3/day per household (7.0%)
I would be pleased to answer any questions about this interim report. Sincerely, Bill Gauley, P.Eng., Principal
Veritec Consulting Inc.
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Appendix A – Upgraded Fixtures and Appliances
Water Efficient Toilets Foremost Premier 6-litre per flush Caroma Tasman dual-flush (6L & 3L) Capizzi 4-L per flush pressure-assist
Energy Efficiency Appliances Appliance
Manufacture
Fridge
Frigidaire
Stove
Frigidaire
Model Number
Color
Range
Size
Misc.
Energy Star
FRT18HS6DW0 FRT21P6CSB5 FRT18P6BSB4 FSC23R5DSB5 CFEF312CS2
White Stainless Black Stainless White
Electric Electric Electric Electric Electric
18cu.ft 21cu.ft 18cu.ft 23cu.ft 30in
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
CFEF372CB2
B/W
Electric
30in
Stainless Stainless B/W Black Stainless Black White White Black White White White
Electric Gas Gas Gas Electric Electric Electric Electric Electric Electric Electric Gas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
30in 30in 30in 30in 24in 24in 24in 24in 24in
Top Freezer Top Freezer Top Freezer Side-by-side Electric burners Electric smooth top Electric smooth top Open Flame Open Flame Open Flame
CFEF372BC2 CFGF366DCB CFGF366CCB CFGF337ASE FDB750RCC0 GLD3450RDS1 Dishwasher Frigidaire GLD3450RDS0 FDB510LCS FDB510LCB0 Washer Frigidaire GLTF1240AS0 GLEQ332CAS2 Dryer Frigidaire GLGQ64CAS4 Bowl: 609162 Caroma Tasman Tank: 800032 Bowl: LL-8207 Foremost Premier Tank: T-8207 Toilets Bowl: 0778-1 Capizzi, Turbo Capizzi Tank: 1277 Bowl: 131-2120 Eljer Toronto Savoy Tank: 141-0220 Showerhead Niagara N2925N
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White White White White White
6.0/3.0L 6.0L 4.0L 6.0L 2.35GPM
Front Loader Front Loader Front Loader Round Bowl Dual Flush Round Bowl Gravity Elongated Bowl Pressure Assist Round Bowl Gravity
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes HET
HET
Yes
INTERIM REPORT MAY 4, 2007
BY VERITEC CONSULTING INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................1 2.0 DESCRIPTION/SCOPE: MONITORING PROGRAM DETAILS: .........1 3.0 DATA ANALYSIS. ...................................................................................3 3.1 Overall Water Consumption ...................................................................3 3.1.1 Non-Sub-metered Households: ........................................................3 3.1.2 Sub-metered Households: ................................................................3 3.2 Water Heater ...........................................................................................4 3.3 Clothes Washer - Cold Water .................................................................5 3.4 Clothes Washer - Hot Water ...................................................................5 3.5 Clothes Washer - Total Water Demand ..................................................5 3.6 Dishwasher:.............................................................................................5 3.7 Toilets......................................................................................................7 3.8 Water Savings Summary.........................................................................9 4.0 ENERGY DEMANDS ....................................................................................10 5.0 NATURAL GAS ...........................................................................................13 6.0 SUMMARY .................................................................................................13
Region of Durham – Efficient Community
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Durham Region, in conjunction with Tribute Communities, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) and the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM), has offered persons buying new homes in a designated community at Audley and Taunton Roads in Ajax Ontario, a high-efficiency upgrade option. This upgrade includes efficient plumbing fixtures (toilets and showerheads), ENERGY STAR appliances (refrigerators, washing machines, clothes dryers, dishwashers, and stoves), and landscape packages that are expected to require less water and less energy. Ninety-one homes received the upgrade, on a first-come-first-served basis. The goal of this project is to compare the energy and water demands of these upgraded homes (Study Group) with those of another group of eighty-five non-upgraded homes (Control Group) in the same subdivision1. The hydro, water, and gas meters are being read for all 176 homes on a semimonthly basis for an entire year. Also, in both areas a sub-group of 10 homes have had submeters installed on the various energy and water using appliances and fixtures identified above2. While overall water and energy savings related to the installation of the upgraded fixtures and appliances will be identified by comparing the Control and Study demands of the large number of non-sub-metered homes, the savings related to individual fixtures and appliances will be identified based on the data collected in the sub-metered homes.
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the water, energy, and gas reductions related to the installation of efficiency fixtures and appliances.
2.0
DESCRIPTION/SCOPE: MONITORING PROGRAM DETAILS:
Every effort was made to ensure that the participating homes represent the larger neighbourhood in terms of housing types and demographics. By including data from 176 of the 300 new homes constructed in the first phase of this development, the results of this project should be statistically valid within a 95 percent confidence level and a margin of error of ±5 percent. As stated earlier, in each of the Study and Control areas, 10 homes are being sub-metered and data logged. Energy demands are being data logged for five appliances and water demands are being data logged for five fixtures/appliances. All of the monitoring points, with the exception of the hose bibb locations, involve both water and energy savings. Details of the sub-metering and data logging follow below.
1
The original intention was to have the same number of homes in each group, however, the process of garnering participation is not an exact science. 2 One home in the Study Group subsequently dropped out of the program, leaving nine participating homes in the Study Group. Veritec Consulting Inc.
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
Water sub-meters are installed at the following locations: • water heater inlet (record total hot water use within the home), • clothes washer hot water supply (a special hot water meter is required), • clothes washer cold water supply, • dishwasher (a special hot water meter is required), and • front and rear outdoor hose bibbs. Energy sub-meters are installed at the following locations: • fridge, • range (the same model of range was used by both Study and Control Groups because there is currently no ENERGY STAR certification specification for ranges), • dishwasher, • clothes washer, and • clothes dryer. The electrical and water sub-meters are radio frequency (RF) meters and can, therefore, be downloaded more frequently than would be possible with less advanced technology. A high frequency of data acquisition helps to quickly identify any anomalies or abrupt and unexpected changes in demand during the year-long monitoring period. Sub-metering helps quantify the differences in energy and water use between specific efficient fixtures/appliances and the ‘builder standard’ equipment. At the end of the monitoring period the benefit/cost ratios will be calculated for each upgrade to determine payback and lifecycle savings. This type of information should provide a clear business case for the Region of Durham when deciding whether to increase the efficiency requirements of new homes being constructed within the Region. The value of the sub-metering component of this project is very important given that water consuming fixtures and ENERGY STAR appliances are currently rated based on manufacturer-supplied data and not actual field data. The results of this project are expected to identify any differences between hypothetical use (based on manufacturers’ estimates) and “real-world” use. This interim report covers the data analysis for the period of October 2006 to March 2007, i.e., a period where little or no outdoor water use was expected. It is expected that water and energy demand patterns will change as the weather becomes warmer and people spend more time outdoors washing vehicles and irrigating lawns and gardens.
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3.0
DATA ANALYSIS.
The main evaluation of water and energy savings will be determined using the entire nonsub-metered Study and Control groups. With relatively large data sets the effects of one or two outliers (non-typical homes) would have only a small effect on the average overall savings – especially if outliers exist at both ends of the distribution curve. The savings related to the installation of individual fixtures and appliances within the homes will be determined by analyzing data from the sub-metered homes within each of the Study and Control areas. Since the sample size of the sub-metered groups is relatively small (10 Control and 9 Study homes) it is possible to have only one or two non-typical homes skew the results. As such, to better ensure the data analysis of the sub-metered groups more accurately reflects the water savings achieved in the non-sub-metered Study and Control groups, the sub-metered data are presented with clear outliers removed. Table 2 at the end of Section 3 summarizes the savings achieved to date. 3.1
Overall Water Consumption
3.1.1
Non-Sub-metered Households3:
• • • • • 3.1.2 • • • • •
3 4
Daily water consumption for the Control Group ranged from about 400 to 900 litres per household. Average daily demand in the Control Group from November 2006 to March 2007 = 616 litres per household. Daily water consumption for the Study Group ranged from about 350 to 720 litres per day per household. Average daily demand in the Study Group from November 2006 to March 2007 = 504 litres per household. Average daily water savings in Study Group (vs. Control Group) = 112 litres per household or 19%. Sub-metered Households4: Daily water consumption for the Control Group ranged from about 280 to 630 litres per household. Average daily demand in the Control Group from November 2006 to March 2007 = 497 litres per household. Daily water consumption for the Study Group ranged from about 320 to 460 litres per day per household. Average daily demand in the Study Group from November 2006 to March 2007 = 386 litres per household. Average daily water savings in Study Group (vs. Control Group) = 111 litres per household or 22.4%.
Outliers removed Outliers removed
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
Table 1 – Overall Average Daily Water Demands Range of Demands L/day/household
Average Demand L/day/household
Non-Sub-Metered Control Group
400-900
Non-Sub-Metered Study Group
350-720
504
Sub-Metered Control Group
280-630
497
Sub-Metered Study Group
320-460
Savings L/day/household
616 112
111 386
Although the average water demands in the non-sub-metered homes (Control and Study Groups) is approximately 120 litres per day greater than the demands in the sub-metered homes, the actual average savings per home is remarkably similar (112 litres saved in the non-sub-metered homes vs. 111 litres in the sub-metered homes). The reason for the lower overall water demands in the sub-metered homes may be attributable to homeowners being more aware of water use due to the sub-metering, or simply because the sample size is relatively small. Based on the above data it appears that the water-efficient fixtures and appliances are having the desired impact of reducing household water demands but what portion of the savings can be attributed to each fixture or appliance will be computed later in this report. Figure 1 and Figure 2 on page six show the ranges in average day water demands for the nonsub-metered homes - each of the four months that have been monitored to date are included as a separate line to see if there is any significant variation between monthly demands5. Notice that the range of household water demands is larger in the Control Group, as is the average daily demand. 3.2
Water Heater
The total volume of hot water used by the participating sub-metered households was measured via a sub-meter installed on the inlet to the home’s water heater. • Daily hot water demand for the Control Group ranged from 100 to 341 litres per household. • Average daily hot water demand in the Control Group = 211 litres per household. • Daily hot water demand for the Study Group ranged from 123 to 288 litres per day per household. • Average daily hot water demand in the Study Group = 174 litres per household. • Average daily hot water savings in Study Group (vs. Control Group) = 37 litres per household, or 17.5%.
5
Significant monthly variations are only expected when the outdoor water use season begins.
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
3.3
Clothes Washer - Cold Water
As part of this study the volume of cold water used to wash clothes was recorded in the submetered homes. • Average water demand in Control Group = 104.4 litres per day per household. • Average water demand in the Study Group = 58.5 litres per day household. • Average daily cold water savings in Study Group equipped with water-efficient front-loading washers (vs. the Control Group fitted with traditional top-loading washers) = 45.9 litres per household, or 44%. 3.4
Clothes Washer - Hot Water
As part of this study the volume of hot water used to wash clothes was recorded in the submetered homes. • Average hot water demand in the Control Group = 15.9 litres per day per household. • Average hot water demand in the Study Group = 16.2 litres per day per household. • Average hot water savings in Study Group equipped with water-efficient frontloading washers (vs. the Control Group fitted with traditional top-loading washers) = -0.3 litres per day per household, or -1.9%. 3.5
Clothes Washer - Total Water Demand • • •
3.6
Average water demand in the Control Group = 120.3 litres per day per household. Average water demand in the Study Group = 74.7 litres per day per household. Average water savings in Study Group equipped with water-efficient frontloading washers (vs. the Control Group fitted with traditional top-loading washers) = 45.6 litres per day per household, or 37.9%.
Dishwasher:
As part of this study the volume of hot water used by the dishwasher was recorded in the submetered homes (there is no cold water supply to residential dishwashers). • Avg. daily water demand for dishwasher in Control Group = 6.8 litres per household. • Avg. daily water demand for dishwasher in Study Group = 10.5 litres per household. • Average daily hot water savings in Study Group equipped with water-efficient dishwashers (vs. the Control Group fitted with standard dish washers) = -3.7 litres per household, or -35%.
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community Figure 1
Control Group: Litres/day/household - Non-Sub-Metered Homes (Excluding Outliers) 1,000 900 800 700
Avg. Demand = 616 L/day/household
L/day/home
600 500 400
Nov 2006 to Dec 2006
300
Dec 2006 to Jan 2007
200
Jan 2007 to Feb 2007 100
Feb 2007 to Mar 2007
0 1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
43
45
47
49
51
Home Number
Figure 2
Study Group: Litres/day/household - Non-Sub-Metered Homes (Including Outliers) 1,000 900 800
L/day/home
700 600
Avg. Demand = 504 L/day/household
500 400
Nov 2006 - Dec 2006
300
Dec 2006 - Jan 2007 200
Jan 2007 - Feb 2007 100
Feb 2007 - Mar 2007
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Home Number
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It is interesting to note that 4 of the Study Group homes use more water than the maximum volume of water used by any household in the Control Group for the dishwasher. It has been estimated that dishwashers account for only about 1.4 percent of total indoor residential water use6. Based on an average demand of 225 Lcd and 2.5 persons per household7 this percentage would equate to an average rate of about 8 litres per household per day, or somewhere between the rates identified for both the Control and the Study groups. It is not known why the Study Group has a slightly higher dishwasher water demand than the Control Group (the values are within 3.7 litres per day) – it may be that the homeowners understand that using dishwashers to clean dishes is a more efficient process than washing dishes by hand (and, hence, they tend to use the dishwasher even more), or it may be related to something else. This question may be answered during the homeowner interviews that are expected to be completed at the end of the monitoring program. Table 2 – Water Demands & Savings: Sub-Metered Homes Overall Demands
Hot Water
Clothes Washer (cold)
Clothes Washer (hot)
Clothes Washer (combined)
Dishwasher (hot)
Control Group
497
211
104.4
15.9
120.3
6.8
Study Group
386
174
58.5
16.2
74.7
10.5
Volumetric Savings
111
37
45.9
-0.3
45.6
-3.7
Percentage Savings
22.3%
17.5%
44.0%
-1.9%
37.9%
-35.2%
3.7
Toilets
While all new homes being constructed in Ontario are required to be fitted with toilets that flush with no more than six litres, it is not uncommon for builders to install toilet models that provide marginal performance at best. Toilets that perform poorly can result in people changing their flushing habits in an attempt to improve performance, e.g., they may hold the flush handle longer to increase the flush volume or they may end up double-flushing more often. Homes in the Control Group were fitted with these types of builder-grade toilets. Homes in the Study Group were fitted with one high-performance six litre per flush toilets and one of two types of High-Efficiency Toilets or HET8 toilets. HETs have an effective flush volume of no more than 4.8 litres. These HET toilets are described as follows: •
4-litre Pressure-Assist: In traditional residential toilets water stored in the toilet tank is released via gravity into the bowl when the user activates the flush handle. Regardless of the water pressure of the water supply to the toilet, all of the energy available to flush the waste is provided by the difference in elevation between the water level in the tank and the water level in the bowl (approximately 0.5 PSI). Pressure-assist toilets take advantage of the water supply pressure by storing the water used for flushing in an air-tight pressure vessel, i.e., if
6
AWWA RF REUS, Aquacraft Values are estimated based on Durham’s demographics. 8 Performance levels were determined via the Maximum Performance (MaP) Testing program for toilets. 7
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
the water is supplied at 50 PSI the water pressure in the pressure vessel will also be 50 PSI. Because pressure-assisted toilets take advantage of the “free” energy available in the pressurized water supply they are able to flush with less water and still achieve highperformance results. The pressure-assisted toilet models used in this project flushed with only four litres of water. Pressure-assisted toilets were installed in the second floor washrooms of 48 homes. •
The remaining second floor bathrooms (in 23 homes) are outfitted with a standard 6 litre toilet that performs well and costs about the same as the builder standard toilet. It is hoped that the improved performance of this toilet will yield further water savings.
•
The average flush volume of the 48 four-litre per flush pressure-assisted toilets (4 litres per flush) and the 23 gravity toilets (6 litres per flush) is 4.65 litres, calculated as follows: (48 units x 4.0-Lpf + 23 units x 6-Lpf) ÷ (48 + 23) = 4.65 Lpf
•
Dual-Flush: This type of toilet has been popular in Europe for many years and is even mandated in Australia and Singapore. Because it takes less energy (and therefore less water) to flush liquids vs. solids, this type of toilet offers the user a choice between flush volumes: a full six litres to flush solid waste and a reduced three litres to flush liquid waste. Based on a ratio of two reduced flushes for every full flush, the effective flush volume of a 6-L/3-L dualflush toilet is approximately 4 litres. Dual-flush toilets were installed in all first floor powder rooms and in the sole second floor bathrooms of three of the Study homes because it was expected that these washrooms would experience a large percentage of “liquid” flushes.
Previous monitoring studies9 have determined that residential toilets are flushed an average of five times per day per person. The average occupancy of the homes included in this study is not known at this time but is assumed to be 3.0 persons per home for water savings calculations10. This analysis assumes that the HET and the 6-L model are flushed equally. The expected water savings of 10.1 litres per home in the Study Group of homes is calculated as follows: Control Group: 3.0 persons x 5 flushes/day x 6 litres per flush = 90 litres per homes per day Study Group: 3.0 persons x 5 flushes/day x [(6 L/flush + 4.65 L/flush) ÷ 2] = 79.9 litres per homes per day Savings: 90 litres per home per day – 79.9 litres per home per day = 10.1 litres per home per day
9
One example is the AWWA RF Residential End Use Study by Aquacraft. Household occupancy rates will be verified at the end of the monitoring period prior to the final savings analysis.
10
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Region of Durham – Efficient Community
3.8
Water Savings Summary
Based on data from both the sub-metered and non-sub-metered homes it appears that to date the Study Group homes are using an average of about 111 litres less water per day than the Control Group homes. Water Savings identified through analyzing data from the sub-metered homes can be summarized as follows: Fixture / Appliance
L/day Savings
Clothes Washer (cold)
45.9
Clothes Washer (hot)
-0.3
11
Hot Water (other)
37
Dishwasher
-3.7
Toilets
10.1 Total
89.0
As can be seen, the volume of savings identified by the sub-metering portion of this project is slightly less than the average savings achieved by the non-sub-metered group. While this project was expected to achieve significant hot water savings related to the clothes washer and dishwasher (hot water demands were actually slightly greater in the Study group), only minor hot water savings were expected due to the use of upgraded Niagara Conservation Earth showerheads in the Study Group of homes. Of the total 89 litres per household per day savings achieved thus far in the project, only 52 litres per day (i.e., 89 minus the 37 litres of “other” hot water) can be directly attributed to the installation of the efficient fixtures and appliances. The remaining 37 litres per day of hot water savings may be related to the upgraded showerhead, the result of an increased awareness of water efficiency by the homeowners participating in the Study group, or it may be the result of something else. Additional information may be gathered during the homeowner interviews that will be completed at the
end of the monitoring program
11
The “other” hot water saved by the Study Group of homes may be related to reduced shower use (the Study Group received upgraded Earth showerheads), bath use, or to reduced faucet use.
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4.0
ENERGY DEMANDS
Energy consumption monitoring is an important component of this program. Energy demands were measured for several applications (listed below with comments): Table 3 – Meter Location: Energy Demands, Sub-Metered Homes Meter Location Comments Main household meter
Records entire electrical energy of home. Does not delineate between uses.
Stove
At this time there is no such thing as an Energy Star stove. Although the project included identifying the energy demands associated with operating an electric stove under typical residential conditions, no real difference in energy demands were expected between the Study and the Control homes. What’s more, some of the sub-metered homes have gas stoves.
Dishwasher
Dishwashers are responsible for very little energy and water use in the home (estimated as about 1.4% of water demands and about 5% of the energy)
Fridge
Although all Study homes were supplied with 18-ft3 Energy Star rated fridges, the type of fridges installed in the Control Group is not known at this time, i.e., the size and efficiency is not known.
Clothes washer
It is well known that water-efficient front-loading clothes washers are also more energy efficient. All homes in the Study Group were supplied with front-loading machines, whereas the Control Group was supplied with builder-grade top-loading machines or the homeowners supplied their own machines
Dryer
While there is no such thing as an Energy Star rated clothes dryer, there are still savings associated with this appliance if it is coupled with an efficient front-loading clothes washer, i.e., efficient clothes washers also spin the clothes at a faster rate meaning that they are dryer coming out of the wash and, therefore, require less time in the clothes dryer.
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The following table identifies the average daily energy demands of the sub-metered appliances in this study along with an estimate of the expected energy demands based on data from National Resources Canada. Table 4 – Energy Demands & Savings: Sub-Metered Homes Main Meter
Clothes Washer
Dryer
Dishwasher12
Fridge
Stove
Control Group
21.9
2.2
2.4
0.29
1.36
1.04
Study Group
17.2
1.5
1.8
0.32
1.30
1.10
kWh Savings
4.7
0.6
0.6
-0.03
0.06
-0.06
% Savings
21%
29%
23%
-10%
4.4%
-5.8%
NRCan – Standard
-
2.13
2.51
1.62
1.41
2.01
NRCan Efficient
-
1.35
2.51
1.35
1.21
2.01
As can be seen Table 4, the total energy savings for the sub-metered Study Group of homes averaged 3.4 kWh per day, or 19 percent, compared to the sub-metered Control Group. The average energy demands for the non-sub-metered Study Group of homes was 19.8 kWh and for the non-sub-metered Control Group was 17.2 kWh, for a savings of 2.6 kWh per day or 13.1% (see Figure 3) - slightly less than that achieved in the sub-metered homes. Table 5 – Energy Demands & Savings: Sub-Metered & Non-Sub-Metered Homes Category kWh per Day Control Group sub-metered
21.9
Study Group sub-metered
17.2
Savings kWh/day
4.7
Savings Percentage
21%
Control Group non-sub-metered
19.8
Study Group non-sub-metered
17.2
Savings kWh/day
2.6
Savings Percentage
13%
It is interesting to note that the total average energy savings achieved in the Study Group (3.4 kWh/day) is far greater than can be explained via the installation of the efficient appliances. For example, the primary savings of 1.2 kWh comes equally from the clothes washer and dryer, whereas the savings related to the fridge is relatively small (about 1/10th the savings 12
Note that the energy demand data does not seem to correlate with the water demand data for the dishwasher, i.e., the energy demand seems to be only 20-25% as high as it is expected to be. Further investigation into this will be conducted as the project continues.
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related to either the clothes washer or dryer) and the savings related to the dishwasher and stove are actually negative (the same model of stove was installed in both the Study and Control Group homes so no savings were expected). So, the energy savings achieved by the installation of the efficient appliance package accounts for only about one-third of the total energy savings achieved by the sub-metered Study group of homes. The reason for this “additional” savings has not yet been identified but may be related to a greater use of other efficient appliances and equipment (e.g., microwave, toaster, kettle, computer, lighting, etc.), to a higher level of energy-efficiency awareness in the Study group (e.g., they may be more prudent at turning off lights when they leave a room), or to a combination of both.
Figure 3
Energy Demand, kWh/day Non-Sub-Metered Homes 40
35
30
kWh/day
25
Avg. demand Control = 19.8 kWh/day 20
Avg. demand Study = 17.2 kWh/day
15
10
5
Study
Control
0 1
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73
Home Number
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5.0
NATURAL GAS
Natural gas meter readings were recorded for the participating homes. The primary difference in natural gas demand between the Study and Control groups of homes would be related to a reduction in hot water demand in the Study Group (i.e., less gas used to heat the water). At this time the Study Group is saving an average of 37 litres per day per home, or about 17.5% of the total hot water demands, compared to the Control Group. Other factors that must be considered when considering changes in natural gas demands include the presence of gas stoves and gas BBQs in some of the homes. Further analysis regarding the variation in natural gas demands between the Control and Study groups of homes will be completed as the project continues. The effect of gas BBQs is expected to be more pronounced as summer approaches.
Table 6 – Natural Gas Demands Group
Sub-metered
Non-sub-metered
Control Group
12.4
10.3
Study Group
11.0
9.6
Savings m
1.4
0.7
Savings Percentage
11.3%
7.0%
3
6.0
SUMMARY
To date, water, energy, and natural gas savings have been identified in the Study Group. In fact, more water and energy savings have been identified than were expected due to the installation of the efficient fixtures and appliances. At this time no calculations have been completed to determine the expected savings in natural gas. •
Water Savings:
111 L/day per household (22.3%)
•
Energy Savings:
4.7 kWh/day per household (21%)
•
Natural Gas Savings: 0.7 m3/day per household (7.0%)
I would be pleased to answer any questions about this interim report. Sincerely, Bill Gauley, P.Eng., Principal
Veritec Consulting Inc.
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Appendix A – Upgraded Fixtures and Appliances
Water Efficient Toilets Foremost Premier 6-litre per flush Caroma Tasman dual-flush (6L & 3L) Capizzi 4-L per flush pressure-assist
Energy Efficiency Appliances Appliance
Manufacture
Fridge
Frigidaire
Stove
Frigidaire
Model Number
Color
Range
Size
Misc.
Energy Star
FRT18HS6DW0 FRT21P6CSB5 FRT18P6BSB4 FSC23R5DSB5 CFEF312CS2
White Stainless Black Stainless White
Electric Electric Electric Electric Electric
18cu.ft 21cu.ft 18cu.ft 23cu.ft 30in
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
CFEF372CB2
B/W
Electric
30in
Stainless Stainless B/W Black Stainless Black White White Black White White White
Electric Gas Gas Gas Electric Electric Electric Electric Electric Electric Electric Gas N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
30in 30in 30in 30in 24in 24in 24in 24in 24in
Top Freezer Top Freezer Top Freezer Side-by-side Electric burners Electric smooth top Electric smooth top Open Flame Open Flame Open Flame
CFEF372BC2 CFGF366DCB CFGF366CCB CFGF337ASE FDB750RCC0 GLD3450RDS1 Dishwasher Frigidaire GLD3450RDS0 FDB510LCS FDB510LCB0 Washer Frigidaire GLTF1240AS0 GLEQ332CAS2 Dryer Frigidaire GLGQ64CAS4 Bowl: 609162 Caroma Tasman Tank: 800032 Bowl: LL-8207 Foremost Premier Tank: T-8207 Toilets Bowl: 0778-1 Capizzi, Turbo Capizzi Tank: 1277 Bowl: 131-2120 Eljer Toronto Savoy Tank: 141-0220 Showerhead Niagara N2925N
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White White White White White
6.0/3.0L 6.0L 4.0L 6.0L 2.35GPM
Front Loader Front Loader Front Loader Round Bowl Dual Flush Round Bowl Gravity Elongated Bowl Pressure Assist Round Bowl Gravity
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes HET
HET
Yes
