RIVERSIDEâSAN BERNARDINO
A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO
METRO AREA CLOSE-UP San Jose (7.08)
4.59 HD INDEX
San Francisco (6.72)
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62) San Diego (5.59) Sacramento (5.47) Los Angeles (5.44)
Riverside– San Bernardino (4.59) Stockton (4.34)
Fresno (3.96)
79.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY (years)
3.96
EDUCATION INDEX
$27,429 MEDIAN EARNINGS
The Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario metropolitan area ranks seventh among the ten most populous metro areas in California in terms of well-being and access to opportunity, as measured by the American Human Development Index. Its score of 4.59 out of a possible 10 is below both the California and United States overall scores. The Riverside–San Bernardino metro area, with a population of almost 4.3 million, comprises San Bernardino and Riverside Counties and contains eight principal cities: Redlands, Chino, Temecula, Victorville, Corona, Ontario, San Bernardino, and Riverside. Riverside is the largest city; with a population of over three hundred thousand, it is four and a half times the size of the smallest city in the area, Redlands. THIS CLOSE-UP IS A COMPANION TO A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014Ú2015, AVAILABLE AT WWW.MEASUREOFAMERICA.ORG.
MEASUREOFAMERIC A of the Social Science Research Council
A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Riverside–San Bernardino Today HOW HAS RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO FARED SINCE THE GREAT RECESSION? Like most metro areas across the nation, Riverside–San Bernardino saw a decline in well-being and access to opportunity from before the Great Recession to the most recent data available, due mainly to plummeting earnings and a myriad of other economic hardships. Median earnings, or the wages and salaries of the typical worker, fell by almost $3,700 between the pre-Recession period of 2006–2008 to the post-Recession period of 2010–2012, causing a fall in human development. All but four of the state’s major metro areas saw a reversal of wellbeing gains during the Great Recession.
The American Human Development Index The American Human Development (HD) Index for California is a composite measure of well-being and access to opportunity made up of health, education, and earnings indicators. The Index is expressed on a scale from 0 to 10. A Long and Healthy Life is measured using life expectancy at birth, calculated using 2010–2012 mortality data from the California Department of Public Health and population from the A Longdata and U.S. Census Bureau. Healthy Life
Access to Knowledge is measured with school enrollment for those ages 3 to 24, and educational degree attainment for those 25 and older, with 2010–2012 data from the American Community Access to Survey, U.S. Census Bureau. Knowledge
Educational degree attainment
San Jose
+0.13
San Francisco
+0.10
Los Angeles
+0.08
Bakersfield
–0.01 –0.02
A Decent Standard of Living is measured using median earnings of all full- and part-time workers 16 years and older from the American Community Survey, U.S. A Decent Census Bureau, Standard of2010-2012. Living
I N D I CATOR S
Life expectancy at birth
Human Development before and after the Great Recession
–0.03 –0.04 –0.11
School enrollment
+0.05 Riverside– San Bernardino Sacramento
Fresno
San Diego
Oxnard– Thousand Oaks
Median earnings
–0.15
Stockton
CHANGE IN HD INDEX
+ Health INDEX
+
Education INDEX
Income INDEX
3
American Human Development INDEX WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G
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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster in Riverside–San Bernardino HD INDEX
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (years)
LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL (%)
AT LEAST BACHELOR’S DEGREE (%)
GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL DEGREE (%)
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT (%)
MEDIAN EARNINGS (2012 dollars)
California
5.39
81.2
18.5
30.9
11.3
78.5
30,502
Riverside–San Bernardino Metro Area
4.59
79.8
21.4
19.4
6.9
76.0
27,429
1. Rancho Cucamonga City
6.16
82.2
10.1
30.2
10.8
80.2
37,504
2. Temecula City
6.13
82.4
8.3
30.6
9.6
79.5
36,705
3. Chino & Chino Hills Cities
6.04
82.6
14.2
31.5
9.4
78.4
36,492
3.65
82.1
37.7
11.9
4.3
74.5
19,222
29. Twentynine Palms & Barstow Cities
3.48
75.3
14.7
14.9
5.4
62.1
26,913
30. San Bernardino City (West)
3.05
76.4
36.6
9.0
2.9
74.2
21,449
TOP 3 Neighborhood Clusters
BOTTOM 3 Neighborhood Clusters 28. Indio, Coachella, Blythe & La Quinta (East) Cities
Source: Measure of America calculations using California Department of Public Health 2010–2012 mortality data and U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates and American Community Survey 2010–2012.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NEIGHBORHOOD BY NEIGHBORHOOD The Riverside–San Bernardino metro area is divided by the U.S. Census Bureau into thirty neighborhood clusters, each with a population between one hundred thousand and two hundred thousand residents. The gap between the highestscoring and lowest-scoring neighborhood clusters in the Inland Empire is relatively small: only 3.11 points separate the two. Unfortunately, this small gap is due to lower scores at the top, rather than higher scores at the bottom. The highest-scoring neighborhood in the area, Rancho Cucamonga City, has a score of 6.16, only 14 percent higher than the California average. The score of the lowestranked neighborhood cluster, San Bernardino City West, is over 40 percent below the California average. The range of median earnings across clusters is substantial. Residents of Rancho Cucamonga City earn almost twice the wages of those in Indio, Coachella, Blythe, and La Quinta East Cities. However, even in the highest-earning neighborhood cluster of Rancho Cucamonga City, residents only earn over $7,000 more than the state median. In Indio, Coachella, Blythe, and La Quinta East Cities, median earnings are more than $11,000 below the state average.
Racial and Ethnic Makeup of the Riverside–San Bernardino Metro Area
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BY RACE AND ETHNICITY Another lens for understanding access to opportunity is race and ethnicity. Asian Americans, with a score of 7.13, rank well above the state average for well-being. Latinos, with a score of only 3.97, fall considerably below state and national levels of well-being. Driving this gap between racial and ethnic groups is the low levels of educational attainment for Latinos in Riverside–San Bernardino compared to other groups in the metro area. Almost 40 percent of Latino adults in Riverside–San Bernardino did not complete high school. In comparison, only 12 percent of African American and Asian American adults did not complete high school. WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G
47.9% Latinos 35.9% Whites 7.0% African Americans 6.0% Asian Americans 2.7% Two or More Races or Some Other Race 0.5% Native Americans
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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster
Victorville
SAN BERNARDINO NATIONAL FOREST
San Bernardino
Redlands
Ontario
JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK
Riverside
10
Corona Palm Springs
HD INDEX 6.82–9.26 5.76–6.81 4.77–5.75 4.00–4.76 2.14–3.99 Parkland Temecula
WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G
0
10
20 Miles
N
4
A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Riverside–San Bernardino white residents score lower on overall well-being than whites in most other major California metro areas. Only whites in Stockton and Bakersfield score lower. One factor driving down white performance in Riverside–San Bernardino is median earnings. Whites in Riverside earn only around $36,200, about $4,760 below the median earnings of white Californians. Latinos are the largest racial or ethnic group in the Riverside–San Bernardino metro area and make up almost 48 percent of the population. This proportion is significantly above the state proportion of 38 percent. The share of African Americans in the metro area, 7 percent, is just above the state level of around 6 percent. No major California metro area has a sufficiently large Native American population to allow for reliable calculations of the HD Index at this level, unfortunately; the HD Index score for Native Americans in the state is 4.51.
Riverside–San Bernardino Forecast: The Next Generation Although HD Index scores are a good proxy for potential risks to child well-being, the HD Index uses a set of indicators that chart the life course of adults and are therefore less suited to capturing how the next generation will fare. Additional indicators can help round out the picture. Below are a set of faster-moving indicators that shed light on the overall physical and social conditions children and youth face as they grow up in Riverside–San Bernardino today. These factors, which operate “behind the scenes,” affect the degree to which children and teens in Riverside–San Bernardino are sheltered from harm, have their fundamental needs met, and are able to build the capabilities required to flourish in the future. Air quality in the Riverside–San Bernardino metro area is a serious concern; the air is unhealthy to breathe one in every three days. At almost 21 percent, the rate of uninsured residents is higher than both the state and national averages. One positive element is that Riverside–San Bernardino has plenty of green space; however, given the poor air quality, it is too often unwise for children and youth to enjoy it. The preschool enrollment rate, around 38 percent, is the second-lowest of California’s major metro areas. Almost a quarter of Riverside–San Bernardino residents earn under $25,000 a year, and only 51 percent of residents have affordable housing; these two indicators suggest that too many children are growing up in straightened financial circumstances. Average commute times in the metro area are the longest of any major metro area in the state. Residents enduring long, stressful commutes have less time and energy for family life. Overall, health, educational attainment, and affordable housing are serious concerns for youth in Riverside–San Bernardino. These indicators suggest that the next generation of Riverside residents will struggle to drive the Riverside HD Index ranking higher in the years to come. WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G
These indicators track important risks that children and youth are facing as they grow up in Riverside–San Bernardino today.
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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Forecast Indicators: The Next Generation
RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)
NEWBORNS WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
AIR QUALITY
(% of births less than 5.5 lbs.)
(# of unhealthy days per year)
NO HEALTH INSURANCE (% of residents)
GREEN SPACE (square miles per 100,000 residents)
DISCONNECTED YOUTH
PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT
HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUT
(% of 3 and 4 year olds)
(% of cohort)
(% 16-24 year olds not working or in school)
1. San Jose 2. San Francisco
58.7
11.1
11.6
60.3
12.9
12.3
3. Oxnard
51.7
10.7
10.4
RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)
1. San Jose 2. San Francisco
6.9 7.0
8 7
11.9 11.9
26 18
3. Oxnard
6.2
5
16.3
121
4. San Diego
6.5
19
17.3
65
4. San Diego
49.3
9.2
11.9
5. Sacramento
6.7
35
13.4
80
5. Sacramento
49.2
9.5
14.3
6. Los Angeles
7.1
80
21.4
12
6. Los Angeles
53.6
11.4
14.1
7. Riverside–San Bernardino
6.8
130
20.8
418
7. Riverside–San Bernardino
37.6
11.2
18.2
8. Stockton
7.0
30
17.5
3
8. Stockton
40.7
12.3
21.0
9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield
7.8 7.0
109 100
20.4 20.7
256 242
9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield
38.4 34.9
14.6 16.2
19.4 24.2
Sources: California Department of Public Health, 2010 Birth Records; Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality Index Report 2013; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table DP03; California Protected Areas Database.
UNEMPLOYMENT RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)
(% 16 years old and older)
EARNING UNDER $25,000/YEAR
INCOME INEQUALITY
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table S1401 and analysis of 2010–2012 PUMA microdata; California Department of Education cohort dropout rate.
RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)
AFFORDABLE HOUSING (% who spend less than 30% of income on housing)
AVERAGE COMMUTE TIME
VIOLENT CRIMES
(minutes/day)
(per 100,000 residents)
58.5
26
274
55.2
30
551 198
(% of full-time workers)
(gini)
1. San Jose 2. San Francisco
5.3
13.1
0.47
5.0
13.4
0.49
1. San Jose 2. San Francisco
3. Oxnard
5.9
21.0
0.44
3. Oxnard
53.9
25
4. San Diego
5.8
20.4
0.47
4. San Diego
50.9
25
374
5. Sacramento
6.7
17.7
0.45
5. Sacramento
54.7
25
441
6. Los Angeles
7.2
24.8
0.49
6. Los Angeles
48.6
29
393
7. Riverside–San Bernardino
8.0
23.8
0.44
7. Riverside–San Bernardino
51.3
31
369
8. Stockton
10.3
20.0
0.46
8. Stockton
53.2
30
889
9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield
10.5 10.1
29.4 29.0
0.48 0.46
9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield
54.2 57.6
23 24
540 579
Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2001 and B19083.
WWW.MEASUR EOFAM ERICA . O R G
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2503 and S0802; FBI Uniform Crime Reports 2012.
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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Human Development in Riverside–San Bernardino at a Glance Riverside–San Bernardino in the National Context 80
Human Development in California's Ten Most Populous Metro Areas
5
10
5.07
UNITED STATES HD INDEX
4.59
5.39
CALIFORNIA HD INDEX
Rancho Cucamonga City, San Bernardino County
6.13
Temecula City, Riverside County
6.04
Chino & Chino Hills Cities, San Bernardino County
5.88
Corona City (South), Woodcrest & Home Gardens, Riverside County
5.69
Redlands & Yucaipa Cities, San Bernardino County
San Francisco (6.72)
RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO HD INDEX
TOP 5 Neighborhood Clusters
6.16
San Jose (7.08)
Race/Ethnicity 10
10 (HD INDEX MAXIMUM)
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62)
Asian Americans 7.13
San Diego (5.59) Sacramento (5.47) Los Angeles (5.44)
Whites 5.34
BOTTOM 5 Neighborhood Clusters
3.80
Victorville & Adelanto Cities, San Bernardino County
3.70
Rialto City, San Bernardino County
3.65
Indio, Coachella, Blythe & La Quinta (East) Cities, Riverside County
3.48
Twentynine Palms & Barstow Cities, San Bernardino County
3.05
San Bernardino City (West), San Bernardino County
African Americans 4.48
Latinos 3.97
Riverside– San Bernardino (4.59) Stockton (4.34)
Fresno (3.96) 0 (HD INDEX MINIMUM)
Bakersfield (3.69)
Measure of America is a nonpartisan project, founded in 2007, of the Social Science Research Council. It creates easy-to-use yet methodologically sound tools for understanding well-being and opportunity in America and stimulates fact-based dialogue about these issues. Through hard copy and online reports, interactive maps, and custom-built dashboards, Measure of America works closely with partners to breathe life into numbers, using data to identify areas of need, pinpoint levers of change, and track progress over time. For policymaker and press inquiries: Eric Henderson, Chief of Advocacy and Media [email protected], (718) 517-3606.
MEASUREOFAMERICA of the Social Science Research Council
RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO
METRO AREA CLOSE-UP San Jose (7.08)
4.59 HD INDEX
San Francisco (6.72)
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62) San Diego (5.59) Sacramento (5.47) Los Angeles (5.44)
Riverside– San Bernardino (4.59) Stockton (4.34)
Fresno (3.96)
79.8
LIFE EXPECTANCY (years)
3.96
EDUCATION INDEX
$27,429 MEDIAN EARNINGS
The Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario metropolitan area ranks seventh among the ten most populous metro areas in California in terms of well-being and access to opportunity, as measured by the American Human Development Index. Its score of 4.59 out of a possible 10 is below both the California and United States overall scores. The Riverside–San Bernardino metro area, with a population of almost 4.3 million, comprises San Bernardino and Riverside Counties and contains eight principal cities: Redlands, Chino, Temecula, Victorville, Corona, Ontario, San Bernardino, and Riverside. Riverside is the largest city; with a population of over three hundred thousand, it is four and a half times the size of the smallest city in the area, Redlands. THIS CLOSE-UP IS A COMPANION TO A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014Ú2015, AVAILABLE AT WWW.MEASUREOFAMERICA.ORG.
MEASUREOFAMERIC A of the Social Science Research Council
A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Riverside–San Bernardino Today HOW HAS RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO FARED SINCE THE GREAT RECESSION? Like most metro areas across the nation, Riverside–San Bernardino saw a decline in well-being and access to opportunity from before the Great Recession to the most recent data available, due mainly to plummeting earnings and a myriad of other economic hardships. Median earnings, or the wages and salaries of the typical worker, fell by almost $3,700 between the pre-Recession period of 2006–2008 to the post-Recession period of 2010–2012, causing a fall in human development. All but four of the state’s major metro areas saw a reversal of wellbeing gains during the Great Recession.
The American Human Development Index The American Human Development (HD) Index for California is a composite measure of well-being and access to opportunity made up of health, education, and earnings indicators. The Index is expressed on a scale from 0 to 10. A Long and Healthy Life is measured using life expectancy at birth, calculated using 2010–2012 mortality data from the California Department of Public Health and population from the A Longdata and U.S. Census Bureau. Healthy Life
Access to Knowledge is measured with school enrollment for those ages 3 to 24, and educational degree attainment for those 25 and older, with 2010–2012 data from the American Community Access to Survey, U.S. Census Bureau. Knowledge
Educational degree attainment
San Jose
+0.13
San Francisco
+0.10
Los Angeles
+0.08
Bakersfield
–0.01 –0.02
A Decent Standard of Living is measured using median earnings of all full- and part-time workers 16 years and older from the American Community Survey, U.S. A Decent Census Bureau, Standard of2010-2012. Living
I N D I CATOR S
Life expectancy at birth
Human Development before and after the Great Recession
–0.03 –0.04 –0.11
School enrollment
+0.05 Riverside– San Bernardino Sacramento
Fresno
San Diego
Oxnard– Thousand Oaks
Median earnings
–0.15
Stockton
CHANGE IN HD INDEX
+ Health INDEX
+
Education INDEX
Income INDEX
3
American Human Development INDEX WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G
2
A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster in Riverside–San Bernardino HD INDEX
LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH (years)
LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL (%)
AT LEAST BACHELOR’S DEGREE (%)
GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL DEGREE (%)
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT (%)
MEDIAN EARNINGS (2012 dollars)
California
5.39
81.2
18.5
30.9
11.3
78.5
30,502
Riverside–San Bernardino Metro Area
4.59
79.8
21.4
19.4
6.9
76.0
27,429
1. Rancho Cucamonga City
6.16
82.2
10.1
30.2
10.8
80.2
37,504
2. Temecula City
6.13
82.4
8.3
30.6
9.6
79.5
36,705
3. Chino & Chino Hills Cities
6.04
82.6
14.2
31.5
9.4
78.4
36,492
3.65
82.1
37.7
11.9
4.3
74.5
19,222
29. Twentynine Palms & Barstow Cities
3.48
75.3
14.7
14.9
5.4
62.1
26,913
30. San Bernardino City (West)
3.05
76.4
36.6
9.0
2.9
74.2
21,449
TOP 3 Neighborhood Clusters
BOTTOM 3 Neighborhood Clusters 28. Indio, Coachella, Blythe & La Quinta (East) Cities
Source: Measure of America calculations using California Department of Public Health 2010–2012 mortality data and U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates and American Community Survey 2010–2012.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NEIGHBORHOOD BY NEIGHBORHOOD The Riverside–San Bernardino metro area is divided by the U.S. Census Bureau into thirty neighborhood clusters, each with a population between one hundred thousand and two hundred thousand residents. The gap between the highestscoring and lowest-scoring neighborhood clusters in the Inland Empire is relatively small: only 3.11 points separate the two. Unfortunately, this small gap is due to lower scores at the top, rather than higher scores at the bottom. The highest-scoring neighborhood in the area, Rancho Cucamonga City, has a score of 6.16, only 14 percent higher than the California average. The score of the lowestranked neighborhood cluster, San Bernardino City West, is over 40 percent below the California average. The range of median earnings across clusters is substantial. Residents of Rancho Cucamonga City earn almost twice the wages of those in Indio, Coachella, Blythe, and La Quinta East Cities. However, even in the highest-earning neighborhood cluster of Rancho Cucamonga City, residents only earn over $7,000 more than the state median. In Indio, Coachella, Blythe, and La Quinta East Cities, median earnings are more than $11,000 below the state average.
Racial and Ethnic Makeup of the Riverside–San Bernardino Metro Area
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BY RACE AND ETHNICITY Another lens for understanding access to opportunity is race and ethnicity. Asian Americans, with a score of 7.13, rank well above the state average for well-being. Latinos, with a score of only 3.97, fall considerably below state and national levels of well-being. Driving this gap between racial and ethnic groups is the low levels of educational attainment for Latinos in Riverside–San Bernardino compared to other groups in the metro area. Almost 40 percent of Latino adults in Riverside–San Bernardino did not complete high school. In comparison, only 12 percent of African American and Asian American adults did not complete high school. WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G
47.9% Latinos 35.9% Whites 7.0% African Americans 6.0% Asian Americans 2.7% Two or More Races or Some Other Race 0.5% Native Americans
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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster
Victorville
SAN BERNARDINO NATIONAL FOREST
San Bernardino
Redlands
Ontario
JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL PARK
Riverside
10
Corona Palm Springs
HD INDEX 6.82–9.26 5.76–6.81 4.77–5.75 4.00–4.76 2.14–3.99 Parkland Temecula
WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G
0
10
20 Miles
N
4
A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Riverside–San Bernardino white residents score lower on overall well-being than whites in most other major California metro areas. Only whites in Stockton and Bakersfield score lower. One factor driving down white performance in Riverside–San Bernardino is median earnings. Whites in Riverside earn only around $36,200, about $4,760 below the median earnings of white Californians. Latinos are the largest racial or ethnic group in the Riverside–San Bernardino metro area and make up almost 48 percent of the population. This proportion is significantly above the state proportion of 38 percent. The share of African Americans in the metro area, 7 percent, is just above the state level of around 6 percent. No major California metro area has a sufficiently large Native American population to allow for reliable calculations of the HD Index at this level, unfortunately; the HD Index score for Native Americans in the state is 4.51.
Riverside–San Bernardino Forecast: The Next Generation Although HD Index scores are a good proxy for potential risks to child well-being, the HD Index uses a set of indicators that chart the life course of adults and are therefore less suited to capturing how the next generation will fare. Additional indicators can help round out the picture. Below are a set of faster-moving indicators that shed light on the overall physical and social conditions children and youth face as they grow up in Riverside–San Bernardino today. These factors, which operate “behind the scenes,” affect the degree to which children and teens in Riverside–San Bernardino are sheltered from harm, have their fundamental needs met, and are able to build the capabilities required to flourish in the future. Air quality in the Riverside–San Bernardino metro area is a serious concern; the air is unhealthy to breathe one in every three days. At almost 21 percent, the rate of uninsured residents is higher than both the state and national averages. One positive element is that Riverside–San Bernardino has plenty of green space; however, given the poor air quality, it is too often unwise for children and youth to enjoy it. The preschool enrollment rate, around 38 percent, is the second-lowest of California’s major metro areas. Almost a quarter of Riverside–San Bernardino residents earn under $25,000 a year, and only 51 percent of residents have affordable housing; these two indicators suggest that too many children are growing up in straightened financial circumstances. Average commute times in the metro area are the longest of any major metro area in the state. Residents enduring long, stressful commutes have less time and energy for family life. Overall, health, educational attainment, and affordable housing are serious concerns for youth in Riverside–San Bernardino. These indicators suggest that the next generation of Riverside residents will struggle to drive the Riverside HD Index ranking higher in the years to come. WWW.MEASUR EOFA M ERICA . O R G
These indicators track important risks that children and youth are facing as they grow up in Riverside–San Bernardino today.
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A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Forecast Indicators: The Next Generation
RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)
NEWBORNS WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
AIR QUALITY
(% of births less than 5.5 lbs.)
(# of unhealthy days per year)
NO HEALTH INSURANCE (% of residents)
GREEN SPACE (square miles per 100,000 residents)
DISCONNECTED YOUTH
PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT
HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUT
(% of 3 and 4 year olds)
(% of cohort)
(% 16-24 year olds not working or in school)
1. San Jose 2. San Francisco
58.7
11.1
11.6
60.3
12.9
12.3
3. Oxnard
51.7
10.7
10.4
RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)
1. San Jose 2. San Francisco
6.9 7.0
8 7
11.9 11.9
26 18
3. Oxnard
6.2
5
16.3
121
4. San Diego
6.5
19
17.3
65
4. San Diego
49.3
9.2
11.9
5. Sacramento
6.7
35
13.4
80
5. Sacramento
49.2
9.5
14.3
6. Los Angeles
7.1
80
21.4
12
6. Los Angeles
53.6
11.4
14.1
7. Riverside–San Bernardino
6.8
130
20.8
418
7. Riverside–San Bernardino
37.6
11.2
18.2
8. Stockton
7.0
30
17.5
3
8. Stockton
40.7
12.3
21.0
9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield
7.8 7.0
109 100
20.4 20.7
256 242
9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield
38.4 34.9
14.6 16.2
19.4 24.2
Sources: California Department of Public Health, 2010 Birth Records; Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality Index Report 2013; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table DP03; California Protected Areas Database.
UNEMPLOYMENT RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)
(% 16 years old and older)
EARNING UNDER $25,000/YEAR
INCOME INEQUALITY
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table S1401 and analysis of 2010–2012 PUMA microdata; California Department of Education cohort dropout rate.
RANKING (BASED ON HD INDEX)
AFFORDABLE HOUSING (% who spend less than 30% of income on housing)
AVERAGE COMMUTE TIME
VIOLENT CRIMES
(minutes/day)
(per 100,000 residents)
58.5
26
274
55.2
30
551 198
(% of full-time workers)
(gini)
1. San Jose 2. San Francisco
5.3
13.1
0.47
5.0
13.4
0.49
1. San Jose 2. San Francisco
3. Oxnard
5.9
21.0
0.44
3. Oxnard
53.9
25
4. San Diego
5.8
20.4
0.47
4. San Diego
50.9
25
374
5. Sacramento
6.7
17.7
0.45
5. Sacramento
54.7
25
441
6. Los Angeles
7.2
24.8
0.49
6. Los Angeles
48.6
29
393
7. Riverside–San Bernardino
8.0
23.8
0.44
7. Riverside–San Bernardino
51.3
31
369
8. Stockton
10.3
20.0
0.46
8. Stockton
53.2
30
889
9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield
10.5 10.1
29.4 29.0
0.48 0.46
9. Fresno 10. Bakersfield
54.2 57.6
23 24
540 579
Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2001 and B19083.
WWW.MEASUR EOFAM ERICA . O R G
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2503 and S0802; FBI Uniform Crime Reports 2012.
6
A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP
Human Development in Riverside–San Bernardino at a Glance Riverside–San Bernardino in the National Context 80
Human Development in California's Ten Most Populous Metro Areas
5
10
5.07
UNITED STATES HD INDEX
4.59
5.39
CALIFORNIA HD INDEX
Rancho Cucamonga City, San Bernardino County
6.13
Temecula City, Riverside County
6.04
Chino & Chino Hills Cities, San Bernardino County
5.88
Corona City (South), Woodcrest & Home Gardens, Riverside County
5.69
Redlands & Yucaipa Cities, San Bernardino County
San Francisco (6.72)
RIVERSIDE–SAN BERNARDINO HD INDEX
TOP 5 Neighborhood Clusters
6.16
San Jose (7.08)
Race/Ethnicity 10
10 (HD INDEX MAXIMUM)
Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62)
Asian Americans 7.13
San Diego (5.59) Sacramento (5.47) Los Angeles (5.44)
Whites 5.34
BOTTOM 5 Neighborhood Clusters
3.80
Victorville & Adelanto Cities, San Bernardino County
3.70
Rialto City, San Bernardino County
3.65
Indio, Coachella, Blythe & La Quinta (East) Cities, Riverside County
3.48
Twentynine Palms & Barstow Cities, San Bernardino County
3.05
San Bernardino City (West), San Bernardino County
African Americans 4.48
Latinos 3.97
Riverside– San Bernardino (4.59) Stockton (4.34)
Fresno (3.96) 0 (HD INDEX MINIMUM)
Bakersfield (3.69)
Measure of America is a nonpartisan project, founded in 2007, of the Social Science Research Council. It creates easy-to-use yet methodologically sound tools for understanding well-being and opportunity in America and stimulates fact-based dialogue about these issues. Through hard copy and online reports, interactive maps, and custom-built dashboards, Measure of America works closely with partners to breathe life into numbers, using data to identify areas of need, pinpoint levers of change, and track progress over time. For policymaker and press inquiries: Eric Henderson, Chief of Advocacy and Media [email protected], (718) 517-3606.
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