Sachtleben Technology for Industrial Paints and Coatings
Sachtleben Technology for Industrial Paints and Coatings
Great Solutions with Small Particles
Great Solutions with Small Particles
properties of the raw materials, and on their performance in the ultimate application. This generates challenges to raw-materials suppliers to continuously develop new, improved, higher-performance solutions.
The markets for industrial paints and coatings can be subdivided into a large range of end applications: general industrial, car OEM, vehicle refinishes, wood coatings, coil coatings, marine coatings, etc. The industrial paints market is not as large, measured by volume, as the architectural and decorative paints sector, but accounts for around 50% of global paint business by value. In addition, there is a wide range of resin systems in use: solvent-based, high-solids, powder coatings, UV-curing and waterborne. End requirements focus on the quality and the processing
Sachtleben is a leading producer of high-quality chemical products and supplies a unique range of white pigments, functional additives, extenders and fillers for paint systems and plastics. The company has a tradition extending back over more than 125 years. Sachtleben produces particles on the chemical basis of titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide and barium sulfate, and markets these products around the globe. A particular focus in this context is on problem-solving capabilities and technical service furnished directly on site at the customer‘s. A world-spanning network of branches, agents and distributors makes Sachtleben a global player. Sachtleben is certificated to Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualitätssicherung standards (ISO 9001 and 14001).
Sachtleben products for industrial paints and coatings
UV protection for wood lacquers: HOMBITEC grades Ultrafine TiO2 TiO2 technology Hiding TiO2
ZnS and BaSO4 technology
Metallic effect paints: UV-TITAN
Rutile TiO2: SACHTLEBEN grades Anatase TiO2: HOMBITAN grades
ZnS
SACHTOLITH
ZnS / BaSO4
LITHOPONE BLANC FIXE
BaSO4
1
SACHTOPERSE
White Pigments - Titanium Dioxide
SACHTLEBEN RD3
Sachtleben supplies a broad selection of titanium dioxide pigments for industrial paints and coatings.
is a multipurpose pigment, surface treated with aluminazirconia. Its exterior durability, colour stability and gloss are outstanding. It is particulary suitable for various high-performance coating systems.
SACHTLEBEN RDI-S is a premium rutile pigment which is surface-treated with alumina and possesses a particularly narrow particle-size distribution. It is the ideal choice for industrial paints in which the highest possible gloss level is required. SACHTLEBEN RDI-S has a bluish undertone.
SACHTLEBEN R660 is an exterior durable multipurpose pigment with aluminasilica surface treatment. SACHTLEBEN R660 has a neutral undertone.
SACHTLEBEN R210
SACHTLEBEN R320
also an alumina-treated rutile, complements RDI-S in coloured paint systems, providing a warm undertone.
is an inorganically untreated rutile with a low moisture absorption. It is particularly recommended for moisture- and heat-sensitive systems.
SACHTLEBEN RODI
Whereas the crystal size is determined by image related electron microscopy which on its part reveals the size of the pigment crystal according to the number distribution, the particle size is determined by indirect optical means like laser diffraction which reveals the particle diameter of the optical relevant size according to the volume distribution representing also the inorganic surface coating.
is an alumina surface treated rutile pigment based on large crystal size with fine final particle size distribution. Thus it provides a warm undertone, high gloss and very good hiding power in demanding applications.
Typical properties of Sachtleben TiO2 grades (guideline figures only) Characteristics
RD3 R660 RDI-S
Crystal structure R = rutile, A = anatase
R
TiO2 [%] Surface treatment
R
94 AI, Zr, org.
R
94
AI, Si, org.
R210 R
95 AI, org.
94 AI, org.
RODI R320 R
R
95 >98.5 AI, org.
org.
Tint reducing power L* 64.6 64.2
64.6
64.0
64.9 63.0
Undertone b*
-7.5
-7.2
-7.6
-6.8
-6.6
-5.9
Oil absorption [g/100g]
22
21
21
21
20
18
pH
7.4 8.1 6.8
7.4
7.0 9.2
Crystal size [µm]
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.24
0.22
Particle size, d(0.5) [µm] Laserdiffraction Malvern Mastersizer 2000
0.35
0.38
0.33
0.44
0.35
0.55
2
High performance thanks to optimized crystal and particle size
Ease of dispersion
Particle-size distribution has a significant influence on the performance of TiO2 pigments in paint and coating systems. Sachtleben possesses many years of experience in careful control of particle size in its production processes. All Sachtleben TiO2 grades possess optimized particle-size distribution and surface treatments carefully tailored to the pigments‘ ultimate uses. The narrow particle-size distribution of our multipurpose TiO2 grades shown in the figure below assures reliable and consistently good performance in your application - superior hiding power and tint reduction, high gloss, excellent durability.
The surface treatment and particle-size distribution of TiO2 pigments have an influence on ease of dispersion and dispersion stability. Sachtleben TiO2 pigments are designed to achieve extremely easy wetting and rapid dispersion in both solvent-based and waterborne systems. This performance advantage is illustrated below in a solvent-based can-coating system. Thanks to the Sachtleben grades‘ rapid wetting and fine particle-size distribution, good fineness of grind can be achieved after even only short dispersion times. The superior dispersibility of our pigments assures low energy consumption, high productivity, reduced dispersion times and improved product quality.
Fineness of grind of the mill base for solvent-based can coatings dispersed using a high-speed dissolver at 3500 rpm for 8 minutes Particle size of TiO2 pigments used in a can coating study Sachtleben average volume intensity
Competitor average
particle size
Grindometer reading [µm]
50 40
Fineness of grind [µm]
35
Particle end point [µm]
30 25 20 15 10 5
CH
p. 3 m Co
p.
2
1 p. Co m
Co m
TL
EB
EN
RD
RO SA
SA
CH
TL
EB
EN
RD EN EB TL CH SA
3
3
D
I
I-S
0
Hiding power
Hiding power L* on black, calculated as the average from stoving enamel, alkyd and high-gloss latex paints
is the result, essentially, of the interaction between the refractive index, crystal size and final particle size of the pigment. Hiding power increases
Rutile and anatase TiO2 both have a high refractive index, of 2.7 and 2.55, respectively. Optimum hiding power is attained when the particles are homogeneously dispersed. The excellent dispersibility and narrow particle-size distribution of Sachtleben TiO2 grades play a significant role in achieving best possible hiding power. SACHTLEBEN RD3, RDI-S and RODI are especially suitable for high gloss industrial applications. Thanks to its large crystal size, SACHTLEBEN RODI provides additional hiding power, particularly in thin coating films. SACHTLEBEN R660 and R210 are all-round grades.
= competitive multipurpose grades
RD3 R660 R210
Particle size increases
Tint reducing power and undertone
Tint reducing power and undertone of Sachtleben rutile grades (grey paste)
Undertone from bluish to warm yellowish
The tint-reducing power of white TiO2 pigments can also be described as the ability to lighten the original colour of a paint. TiO2 has a higher tint-reducing power compared to other white pigments, as a result of its high refractive index. Its narrow particle-size distribution assures good hiding power, in addition to excellent tint-reducing power and positive effects on undertone. In general, the smaller the particle size the stronger the tint-reducing power and the bluer the undertone, as is shown in the graph on the right. SACHTLEBEN RODI is an exception to this rule. It has an extraordinarily high tint-reducing power thanks to its simultaneous unique large crystal size (ca. 0.24 µm, TEM) and extremely small particle size (ca. 0.35 µm, Malvern MS2000). Sachtleben supplies pigment products for the entire undertone range, extending from bluish (RDI-S, RD3) to warm yellowish (R210, RODI).
RODI
RDI-S
R320 RODI
R210 R660 RDI-S RD3
Tint reducing power L* increases
4
High performance thanks to optimized crystal and particle size
Gloss Gloss is a function of the surface roughness of a coating film. In general, the larger the particle size of a TiO2 pigment, the lower the gloss of the coating. Sachtleben has always attached special importance to controlling and adjusting particle-size distribution, and to reducing oversized-particle content. Sachtleben thus supplies optimized solutions for the most demanding high-gloss applications in the form of its SACHTLEBEN RDI-S, RD3 and RODI grades. SACHTLEBEN R660 and R210 also offer a good gloss performance in general industrial paints.
Many industrial coating processes, and also curing at elevated temperatures, make additional demands on the gloss retention properties of TiO2 pigments. Optimized surface treatment of Sachtleben titanium dioxide pigments ensures excellent gloss under these challenging conditions.
Gloss rentention of white stoving enamels under overbaking conditions (180˚ C, 45 min.) 85 80 75
60˚ Gloss
70 65 60 55 50 45
4 p
3 p Co m
Co m
2
1
p Co m
p
I D RO
Co m
3
I-S RD
RD
0 R6 6
R2 1
0
40
20° gloss of TiO2 pigments in a high gloss emulsion paint 70 65
20˚ Gloss
60 55 50 45
5
4 p
3 p
Co m
2 p
Co m
1 p
Co m
0 R6 6
Co m
0 R2 1
3 RD
I D RO
RD
I-S
40
Weathering resistance to meet all durability requirements. SACHTLEBEN RD3 is an exceptionally durable grade for use in all demanding applications, as illustrated by the coil-coatings graph below, whereas SACHTLEBEN R660, RDI-S and R210 are competitive choices for various general industrial exterior applications.
Titanium dioxide itself possesses photocatalytic properties. The TiO2 surface must therefore be covered with a suitable layer, consisting, for example, of alumina, silica and/or zirconium oxide, to prevent direct contact between the surface of the TiO2 and the binder, and to inhibit photocatalytic degradation. In addition to surface treatment, various properties of the TiO2 crystals, such as rutile content, impurities and stabilization, also have an influence on durability. Sachtleben grades are designed
Acrylic-isocyanate car-refinishing paints exposed in Florida 90 80
AI2O3-ZrO2 treated RD3 AI2O3-SiO2 treated R660 competitor 1 competitor 2 competitor 3
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24 Exposure time, Months
22
Exterior durability expressed as gloss rentention in a PVDF coil coating exposed in Florida 60 RD3 RDI-S competitor 1 competitor 2 competitor 3
50 40 30 20 10 0 0
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
72
80
Exposure time, Months
6
White Pigments – Zinc Sulfide
Zinc sulfide pigments are the most widely used white pigments, alongside titanium dioxide. They are less optically efficient than titanium dioxide, but possess a significant market share nonetheless, as a result of their specific technical properties. These pigments, thanks to their soft texture and low Mohs hardness, are less abrasive than other white pigments. High lightness and low colour hue, low absorption in the near UV-range and good light fastness, low binder demand and good rheological properties, wetting and dispersibility are the outstanding characteristics of the zinc sulfide pigments. Their weathering resistance is lower than that of treated rutile pigments, but zinc sulfide pigments can nonetheless be used alone in indoor applications. Combination with rutile is recommended for use in outdoor applications.
Lithopone LITHOPONE 30% is a white pigment based on a coprecipitated zinc sulfide / barium sulfate. Zinc sulfide content is 30% by weight, whereas on a molecular basis, Lithopone consists of the two components at a ratio of 1:1. Sachtleben supplies Lithopone 30% L, an untreated white pigment for standard waterborne industrial paints, and Lithopone 30% DS, an organically coated white pigment with an extremely low sieve residue and better dispersibility for solvent-based paints and high-gloss applications. Paint manufacturers are constantly seeking ways of reducing their production costs. Correct choice of raw materials makes a decisive contribution to significant cost reductions. The price of titanium dioxide and binders and additives on the world market is one of the major cost factors in production of powder coating systems. The use of LITHOPONE, the alternative white pigment, can provide the key to achieving cost reductions without loss of quality. Both titanium dioxide and binder/additive contents can be optimized by means of partial replacement with LITHOPONE 30% without any sacrifice of the powder coating system‘s technical properties. Lithopone‘s low binder demand compared to a treated rutile TiO2 permits formulations with a higher PVC and therefore lower binder/additives costs per square meter of painted area. Furthermore Lithopone 30% offers the possibility to optimize corrosion resistance and improve sandability due to its unique particle size distribution and intrinsic particle package building up a barrier effect in a coating film. Additional information can be found in the „LITHOPONE in Coatings“ leaflet.
Technical data of Lithopone 30% L and DS 30% L
30% DS
ZnS [%]
approx. 30
approx. 30
BaSO4 [%]
approx. 70
approx. 70
approx. 98
approx. 98
< 0.02
< 0.004
approx. 7
approx. 8
approx. 120
approx. 125
3
3
approx. 4.3
approx. 4.3
Colorimetric index L* (powder) Sieve residue
1)
m.p. > 45 µm [%]
pH Rel. lightening power 2) (blue paste) Hardness [Mohs] Density [g/ml] 1) Mesh gauge 45 µm 2) Reference pigment LITHOPHONE = 100 (blue paste)
7
SACHTOLITH Sachtolith is a pure zinc sulfide pigment. Its low UV absorption edge, in particular, can be exploited in UV-curing coating systems, saving heating energy, and/or opening potentials for coating of heat-sensitive substrates. Sachtleben supplies Sachtolith L, an untreated white pigment for standard waterborne industrial paints, and Sachtolith HDS, an organically coated white pigment with an extremely low sieve residue and improved dispersibility for solvent-based paints and high-gloss applications. Additional information can be found in the „Sachtolith – a white pigment for a wide range of coating applications“ leaflet.
UV-curable coatings pigmented with Sachtolith require less energy for complete curing Curing of high film thicknesses is possible without affecting surface properties A slightly increased Sachtolith PVC compared to TiO2 PVC achieves the same hiding power with no adverse effects Savings increase as Sachtolith replaces a certain percentage of the binder without any increased binder demand The photoinitiator can also be reduced for further savings
Technical data for Sachtolith SachTolith L
Sachtolith HDS
> 98
> 96
Colorimetric index L* (powder)
> 97.5
> 97
Sieve residue 1) [%]
< 0.02
< 0.004
approx. 6
approx. 7
> 50
> 52
3
3
ZnS [%]
pH Rel. scattering power 2) Hardness [Mohs] 1) Mesh gauge 45 µm 2) Reference pigment ZnS = 100 PVC = 17 %
UV absorption edge of SACHTOLITH compared with BaSO4 (BLANC FIXE micro), TiO2 Rutile and TiO2 Anatase 100 90
Reflectance [%]
80 70 60 50 40 SACHTOLITH L
30
BLANC FIXE micro
20
TiO2 Rutile TiO2 Anatas
10 0 300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Wavelength [nm]
8
Inorganic Additives
Ultrafine TiO2 for UV-protection The crystal size of pigmentary titanium dioxide is around 200-300 nm, that of ultrafine titanium dioxide around 10-15 nm. Pigmentary titanium dioxide scatters visible light most efficiently and imparts good hiding power, whereas ultrafine titanium dioxide effectively absorbs UV light and transmits visible wavelengths through the crystal. Ultrafine TiO2 thus no longer exhibits pigmentary properties but is, instead, transparent, and can therefore be used as an efficient inorganic UV absorber in pigmented systems and in clear coatings.
Thanks to its small particle size, ultrafine HOMBITEC titanium dioxide does not scatter visible light, and is therefore transparent in clear coating systems 100
scattering power [%]
HOMBITEC
80 60 40
TiO2 pigment grade
20 0
particle size [%] 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Protects UV-sensitive substrates (improved intercoat adhesion) and/or the polymer itself Long-term protection thanks to excellent stability against migration Improved adhesion under outdoor exposure Increased gloss retention For use in pigmented systems with 1 to 3 % PVC for coating and pigment protection
9
Inorganic HOMBITEC incorporated into a coating does not migrate. The UV-absorption characteristics of HOMBITEC thus remain constant throughout the coating lifetime unlike the situation with common organic UV absorbers, which lose their performance as time progresses due to weathering, migration and destruction.
The HOMBITEC product range for UV protection Characteristics
RM 110
RM 300
RM 400
Crystal structure
rutile
rutile
rutile
Crystal size [nm]
approx. 10
approx. 15
approx. 10
white
brownish
yellowish
approx. 100
approx. 70
approx. 110
very good
good
very good
good
very good
very good
approx. 79
approx. 87
approx. 78
Appearance (powder) Specific surface area [m2/g] transparency UV-absorption TiO2 [%] content Application
general general wood
Additional information and detailed guidelines on formulation modification can be found in the „HOMBITEC – the inorganic UV-absorber for long-term protection“ leaflet. Long term UV protection
Long-term UV protection using HOMBITEC RM300. An alkyd / melamine system after outdoor exposure for three years
Basis
Organic UV / Hals
HOMBITEC RM300 PVC 1.0
10
Inorganic Additives
Ultrafine TiO2 for metallic effect paints UV-TITAN meets the demands of innovative coatings manufacturers, providing a range of carefully micronized transparent titanium dioxide which scatter light when used in combination with metallic pigments, creating differing golden flashes with bluish shifts in hue, a phenomenon known as the Flip-Flop effect.
In order to determine the blue light scattering property of effect pigments a UV/Vis transmission spectrum of the water dispersion is recorded. The absorbance in the UV Aλmax(~330 nm) and Vis A(450 nm) are taken to calculate the fineness U/V100. The higher the fineness U/V100 the higher the transparency of the effect pigment.
UV-TITAN L530 has excellent exterior durability and provide a unique variety of hue-shifting colors. The following table below shows typical properties of the UV-TITAN L530.
Flip-Flop effect
Incident light
Flip
Colour change as b* of automotive metallic effect paint when viewed at different angles
Flop
15
Without UV-TITAN L530 With UV-TITAN L530
Basecoat
Aluminum flakes & Ultrafine TiO2
Metal substrate
5˚ 11
˚ 75
65
˚ 55
˚ 45
˚
˚ 25
35
-5
˚
Angle
0
˚
Clearcoat
5
20
Colour tone, b*
10
-10 -15
Typical properties
UV-TITAN L530
Metallic effect
silvery blue / auburn golden
Crystal size [nm]
approx. 30
Specific surface area [m2/g]
approx. 60
Crystal structure
rutile
TiO2 content [%]
min. 87
Inorganic treatment alumina silica zirconium Organic treatment
polyalcohol
Property of surface
hydrophilic
Fineness (U/V100)
11
250
Functional Fillers and Inorganic Additives
BLANC FIXE
Possible BLANC FIXE product modifications
Sachtleben‘s synthetic barium sulfates have been familiar on the coatings market for more than one hundred years. Originally used as extenders for simple, low-cost systems, in the course of time they have continuously gained in importance as inorganic additives for special high-quality coatings. Special production methods, various treatments and the design of special crystallites now permit customized solutions for the most diverse range of requirements. Synthetic barium sulfate is totally inert under normal conditions, and possesses high resistance to outdoor exposure.
Properties of BLANC FIXE powder Controlled surface properties, combined with defined particle size and particle geometry High consistency of, for example, lightness, thanks to chemical production process
particle size particle shape purity inorganic coating organic coating
Benefits of BLANC FIXE in coatings applications The outstanding technical performance of BLANC FIXE makes it suitable for use in a large range of industrial coatings applications:
Low specific surface area, low oil absorption Colour neutral, thanks to low refractive index
From fillers to additives
Insoluble in water and organic solvents
Adjustment of gloss possible
An inert product, lightfast and weather-resistant
Weather resistance / chemical resistance
Acid- and alkali-resistant
Pigment stabilization
Largely free of impurities, such as quartz, for example, thanks to the chemical production process used Low abrasion thanks to low Mohs hardness
Mechanical properties Benefits for rheological properties Dispersibility from easy to ambitious Easily repeatable processing Easy overpaintability Customers have at their disposal a broad range of Sachtleben BLANC FIXE products for achievement of maximum technical benefits and for minimization of the price: benefit ratio.
12
Functional Fillers and Inorganic Additives
Adjustment of gloss
The BLANC FIXE product range for industrial coatings: from fillers to additives
S
LU
rF
e up
NC
XE
FI
NC
XE
F
1
o
/S
FI
A BL
A BL
3
N
NC
XE
icr
/P
E
m
FI
0.7
0.2
E
S ER
HU
P
TO
H AC
C SA
A BL
HP
P
O
HT
S ER
S
0.04 µm
Different coatings have different requirements, with respect to gloss, for example. It is possible to adjust gloss, as a function of the mean BLANC FIXE particle size. As a general rule (assuming the material is correctly dispersed), gloss increases as mean particle size becomes finer. In most systems, the addition of BLANC FIXE micro with a particle size of approx. 0.7 µm has no effect on gloss, whereas BLANC FIXE N or F will decrease gloss, and various Sachtoperse grades of sizes down to 0.04 µm will actually improve gloss.
Weathering resistance / chemical resistance
20˚ and 60˚ gloss of a black stoving enamel FVC 11.5% 100
20˚ Gloss
Blanc Fixe in powder form is a totally inert substance with maximum resistance to weathering. One of the main applications of Blanc Fixe micro is for partial replacement of coloured pigments (from TiO2 and coloured inorganic pigments up to organic pigments). The replacement of a pigment with Blanc Fixe micro signifies replacement of a material with a high surface area by a material with a lower surface area, thus resulting in a surplus of free binder in the formulation, and therefore increasing weathering resistance. Only when adding to much Blanc Fixe on top of the formulation without replacing a negative effect due to reduced free binder can occur.
90
N
80
F
70
micro
60
Reference
50 40 30 20 10 0 20˚ Gloss
60˚ Gloss
The effects of 10% PVC BaSO4 of various particle sizes on the gloss of a clear coat
White solvent-based alkyd systems 92
100 90
90
80
88
60
20˚ Gloss
20˚ Gloss
70 50 40
clear coat
86 84
30
Partial replacement of TiO2 (same opacity)
20
82
BLANC FIXE on top (higher opacity)
10
Basic white Formulation
80
0 0
3
6
9
12
15
weathering time [months]
13
18
21
24
0
0.5
1
1.5 2 2.5 Particle size [µm]
3
3.5
4
Pigment stabilization / replacement
Inert barium sulfate particles act as spacers between pigment particles
Blanc Fixe synthetic barium sulfates and, in particular, Blanc Fixe micro, are used as functional extenders in coatings. They make it possible to reduce coating-formulation costs and also enhance the efficiency of the pigments used. Barium sulfate particles act as an optimum spacer for pigment particles. Blanc Fixe micro is, for example, widely used for partial replacement of both white and coloured pigments (approx. 10% wt. in each case) without any loss of optical performance properties, such as gloss, hiding power and colour strength. This modification alone can achieve significant cost-savings on raw materials in terms of white and coloured pigments. Blanc Fixe micro is the economical method of achieving spacing; higher brilliance is required in some cases, however. The use of Sachtoperse HU is advantageous for dark colours such as blue and black, in particular, since this material has a particle size of approx. 0.04 µm and is thus highly transparent.
BLANC FIXE micro Spacer
Spacer
d50 = 0.7 µm Economic way of spacing
SACHTOPERSE HU-N d50 = 0.04 µm For brillant colours, deep black, highest gloss
The pigment-stabilizing action of Blanc Fixe permits replacement of 5 to 15% of titanium dioxide and coloured pigments content. An example of a modified formulation is shown below. Further information on the properties and uses of Blanc Fixe micro can be found in the „Blanc Fixe micro for high-quality coatings“ leaflet and „Functional Additives for color pastes“ leaflet.
Original formulation
10% replacement of TiO2 and of green pigment by BLANC FIXE micro
BLANC FIXE micro in a coil coating topcoat formulation
original formulation
10 wt. % replacement of TiO2 and of green pigment
Gloss 20º
69.9
68.7
Gloss 60º
90.5
90.5
Haze
163 177
L*
58.8 58.9
a*
-46.9 -46.7
b*
3.4 3.4
14
Functional Fillers and Inorganic Additives
A special form of pigment stabilization can be seen in metallic coatings. Blanc Fixe micro and Sachtoperse HU can be used for orientation of flake-shaped effect pigments, such as aluminium flakes. The orientation of the flakes parallel to the coated surface is thus improved, achieving a more intensive colour flop, and less cloudiness in the coating. Unlike the organic waxes also used for orientation, chemically inert Blanc Fixe has no effect on adhesion of the clearcoat subsequently applied. In addition, selection of the correct Blanc Fixe grade permits achievement of a controlled lightness across the whole surface.
Pigment pastes
Plot of tinting strength for Hostaperm Violet
without micro
200
15 % micro 20 % micro
Tinting strength [%]
Pigments are the highest-cost component in pigmentpaste formulations. Every pigmentation system should, for this very reason, be designed to be as effective and efficient as possible. Blanc Fixe micro - a material with a d50 particle size of ~0.7µm - is the all-round talent for every highly extended paste. Use of Blanc Fixe micro in grinding pigment pastes achieves the same tinting strength after a shorter grinding time, or even a higher tinting strength after the same grinding time.
175
150
125
100 10
20
40
60
90
120
180
minutes Skandex - dispersion
Sachtoperse HU a material with a d50 of ~0.04 µm, is notable in particular for its totally haze-free incorporation into coatings. Sachtoperse can therefore be recommended for black pigment preparations on a carbon black basis, and also for dark red and blue hues, for which Blanc Fixe micro may not be sufficiently transparent. The way in which Sachtoperse particles adhere to the particles of coloured pigment, preventing flocculation with certainty, is clearly apparent here: Additional information and detailed guidelines on formulation modification can be found in the „Functional Additives for colour pastes and pigment preparations“ leaflet and „Sachtoperse trouble shooter“ leaflet.
15
Transmission electron microscopic image of Sachtoperse HU (smaller, darker particles) and organic pigments (larger, lighter particles) in a paint film.
Mechanical properties
Stone-chip resistance
Thanks to its spherical particle shape and low oil absorption (with benefits for free binder), Blanc Fixe exhibits generally good performances in mechanical tests, such as the Erichsen indentation test, the cross-cut test, etc. One of the main applications for Blanc Fixe micro is in automotive primers where, in addition to other benefits, it permits achievement of excellent stone-chip resistance.
BLANC FIXE micro
BLANC FIXE N
synthetic CaCO3
synthetic BaSO4 No.1
Influence on rheology Even at extremely high concentrations, Blanc Fixe grades with particle sizes of up to 0.7 µm have practically no effects on viscosity. Blanc Fixe micro‘s low binder demand, in particular, permits high extension levels and low VOC, with no negative effects on viscosity, no loss of gloss and no harm to any other paint-system properties - but with a simultaneous reduction in formulation costs!
Dispersibility The dispersibility of Blanc Fixe is a function of particle size and organic or inorganic after-treatment, and is a key aspect in the development of new products. As a general rule, the finer the particles, the more ambitious the dispersion. Blanc Fixe N (3 µm) can be dispersed using a simple dissolver, whereas dispersion of Blanc Fixe F (1 µm) is more complex, and is not possible in all cases and in all formulations. Thanks to its organic treatment (coating), Blanc Fixe micro is significantly more dispersible than Blanc Fixe F, despite its smaller particle size. Dispersion using a dissolver is therefore possible.
120 10% BaSO4 EVC: 2.6% 20% BaSO4 EVC: 5.2%
100
30% BaSO4 EVC: 7.9%
Yield point [Pa]
To move on to the Blanc Fixe grades of smaller particle sizes, there is, in high concentrations, a built up of a yield point. This can be used as a special performance of Sachtoperse HU: building up this yield point improves edge coverage and anti-sagging and is beneficial for corrosion resistance. In contrast to other materials Sachtoperse combines the building up of a yield point with an increased gloss.
Yield point built up of BLANC FIXE in glycol
80
60 40
20 0 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Particle size [µm]
0.8
The BLANC FIXE product range for industrial coatings: from fillers to additives
S
LU
rF
e up
NC
XE
FI
NC
A BL
A BL
3
N
1
XE
F
o
/S
FI
NC
XE
icr
/P
FI
0.2
S ER
HP SE
HU
R PE
P
O
HT
C SA
A BL
0.7
E
m
TO
CH
SA
0.04 µm
16
Functional Fillers and Inorganic Additives
NEW PRODUCT Blanc Fixe micro PLUS 20
micro water borne system micro solvent borne system micro PLUS water borne system micro PLUS solvent borne system
18 16 14
fineness [µm]
Customers‘ demands for greater dispersibility have nonetheless increased in recent years. Our newly developed Blanc Fixe micro PLUS therefore incorporates superior dispersibility, permitting improved ultimate fineness or a shorter grinding time. Additional information can be found in the "BLANC FIXE micro PLUS - A new member of the BLANC FIXE micro family".
BLANC FIXE micro PLUS with increased dispersibility
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 min
5 min
10 min
Dispersion time [min]
17
15 min
SACHTLEBEN R660
SACHTLEBEN RDI-S
SACHTLEBEN RODI
SACHTLEBEN R210
SACHTLEBEN R320
HOMBITAN LC-S
HOMBITAN LW
SACHTOLITH L / HD-S
LITHOPONE 30 % L / DS
White pigments
SACHTLEBEN RD3
Sachtleben recommendations for Industrial Paints and Coatings
b
n
b
w
w
w
b
b
n
n
General Industrial / Interior General Industrial / Exterior Paste & Pigment Preparations UV-Curing
SACHTOPERSE HP
SACHTOPERSE HU
HOMBITEC RM300
BLANC FIXE micro PLUS
UV-TITAN L530
BLANC FIXE micro
Inorganic additives and Functional fillers
BLANC FIXE F
Undertone: bluish, neutral, warm
BLANC FIXE N
Anti-Corrosion / Marine Coatings
General Industrial Paste & Pigment Preparations UV-Curing Anti-Corrosion / Marine Coatings made in Germany
made in Finland
All marked products reflect our first recommendation. In addition, our other grades can be efficiently used depending on customer`s requirements.
Sachtleben‘s initial recommendations for industrial paints and coatings are provided in the following tables. In addition, various other Sachtleben grades and products can be efficiently and cost-effectively used, depending on the user‘s ultimate application and requirements.
18
Sachtleben does not guarantee the accuracy, topicality, correctness, completeness, quality or usefulness of any information provided. Any liability claims in connection with such information are excluded. 04.127.02.11.e
Great Solutions with Small Particles Sachtleben Chemie GmbH A company of Holdings, Inc. P.O. Box 17 04 54 • D-47184 Duisburg / Germany E-Mail: [email protected] • www.sachtleben.com
Sales Office Coatings: Phone +358 10 430 1805 E-Mail: [email protected]
Great Solutions with Small Particles
Great Solutions with Small Particles
properties of the raw materials, and on their performance in the ultimate application. This generates challenges to raw-materials suppliers to continuously develop new, improved, higher-performance solutions.
The markets for industrial paints and coatings can be subdivided into a large range of end applications: general industrial, car OEM, vehicle refinishes, wood coatings, coil coatings, marine coatings, etc. The industrial paints market is not as large, measured by volume, as the architectural and decorative paints sector, but accounts for around 50% of global paint business by value. In addition, there is a wide range of resin systems in use: solvent-based, high-solids, powder coatings, UV-curing and waterborne. End requirements focus on the quality and the processing
Sachtleben is a leading producer of high-quality chemical products and supplies a unique range of white pigments, functional additives, extenders and fillers for paint systems and plastics. The company has a tradition extending back over more than 125 years. Sachtleben produces particles on the chemical basis of titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide and barium sulfate, and markets these products around the globe. A particular focus in this context is on problem-solving capabilities and technical service furnished directly on site at the customer‘s. A world-spanning network of branches, agents and distributors makes Sachtleben a global player. Sachtleben is certificated to Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualitätssicherung standards (ISO 9001 and 14001).
Sachtleben products for industrial paints and coatings
UV protection for wood lacquers: HOMBITEC grades Ultrafine TiO2 TiO2 technology Hiding TiO2
ZnS and BaSO4 technology
Metallic effect paints: UV-TITAN
Rutile TiO2: SACHTLEBEN grades Anatase TiO2: HOMBITAN grades
ZnS
SACHTOLITH
ZnS / BaSO4
LITHOPONE BLANC FIXE
BaSO4
1
SACHTOPERSE
White Pigments - Titanium Dioxide
SACHTLEBEN RD3
Sachtleben supplies a broad selection of titanium dioxide pigments for industrial paints and coatings.
is a multipurpose pigment, surface treated with aluminazirconia. Its exterior durability, colour stability and gloss are outstanding. It is particulary suitable for various high-performance coating systems.
SACHTLEBEN RDI-S is a premium rutile pigment which is surface-treated with alumina and possesses a particularly narrow particle-size distribution. It is the ideal choice for industrial paints in which the highest possible gloss level is required. SACHTLEBEN RDI-S has a bluish undertone.
SACHTLEBEN R660 is an exterior durable multipurpose pigment with aluminasilica surface treatment. SACHTLEBEN R660 has a neutral undertone.
SACHTLEBEN R210
SACHTLEBEN R320
also an alumina-treated rutile, complements RDI-S in coloured paint systems, providing a warm undertone.
is an inorganically untreated rutile with a low moisture absorption. It is particularly recommended for moisture- and heat-sensitive systems.
SACHTLEBEN RODI
Whereas the crystal size is determined by image related electron microscopy which on its part reveals the size of the pigment crystal according to the number distribution, the particle size is determined by indirect optical means like laser diffraction which reveals the particle diameter of the optical relevant size according to the volume distribution representing also the inorganic surface coating.
is an alumina surface treated rutile pigment based on large crystal size with fine final particle size distribution. Thus it provides a warm undertone, high gloss and very good hiding power in demanding applications.
Typical properties of Sachtleben TiO2 grades (guideline figures only) Characteristics
RD3 R660 RDI-S
Crystal structure R = rutile, A = anatase
R
TiO2 [%] Surface treatment
R
94 AI, Zr, org.
R
94
AI, Si, org.
R210 R
95 AI, org.
94 AI, org.
RODI R320 R
R
95 >98.5 AI, org.
org.
Tint reducing power L* 64.6 64.2
64.6
64.0
64.9 63.0
Undertone b*
-7.5
-7.2
-7.6
-6.8
-6.6
-5.9
Oil absorption [g/100g]
22
21
21
21
20
18
pH
7.4 8.1 6.8
7.4
7.0 9.2
Crystal size [µm]
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.24
0.22
Particle size, d(0.5) [µm] Laserdiffraction Malvern Mastersizer 2000
0.35
0.38
0.33
0.44
0.35
0.55
2
High performance thanks to optimized crystal and particle size
Ease of dispersion
Particle-size distribution has a significant influence on the performance of TiO2 pigments in paint and coating systems. Sachtleben possesses many years of experience in careful control of particle size in its production processes. All Sachtleben TiO2 grades possess optimized particle-size distribution and surface treatments carefully tailored to the pigments‘ ultimate uses. The narrow particle-size distribution of our multipurpose TiO2 grades shown in the figure below assures reliable and consistently good performance in your application - superior hiding power and tint reduction, high gloss, excellent durability.
The surface treatment and particle-size distribution of TiO2 pigments have an influence on ease of dispersion and dispersion stability. Sachtleben TiO2 pigments are designed to achieve extremely easy wetting and rapid dispersion in both solvent-based and waterborne systems. This performance advantage is illustrated below in a solvent-based can-coating system. Thanks to the Sachtleben grades‘ rapid wetting and fine particle-size distribution, good fineness of grind can be achieved after even only short dispersion times. The superior dispersibility of our pigments assures low energy consumption, high productivity, reduced dispersion times and improved product quality.
Fineness of grind of the mill base for solvent-based can coatings dispersed using a high-speed dissolver at 3500 rpm for 8 minutes Particle size of TiO2 pigments used in a can coating study Sachtleben average volume intensity
Competitor average
particle size
Grindometer reading [µm]
50 40
Fineness of grind [µm]
35
Particle end point [µm]
30 25 20 15 10 5
CH
p. 3 m Co
p.
2
1 p. Co m
Co m
TL
EB
EN
RD
RO SA
SA
CH
TL
EB
EN
RD EN EB TL CH SA
3
3
D
I
I-S
0
Hiding power
Hiding power L* on black, calculated as the average from stoving enamel, alkyd and high-gloss latex paints
is the result, essentially, of the interaction between the refractive index, crystal size and final particle size of the pigment. Hiding power increases
Rutile and anatase TiO2 both have a high refractive index, of 2.7 and 2.55, respectively. Optimum hiding power is attained when the particles are homogeneously dispersed. The excellent dispersibility and narrow particle-size distribution of Sachtleben TiO2 grades play a significant role in achieving best possible hiding power. SACHTLEBEN RD3, RDI-S and RODI are especially suitable for high gloss industrial applications. Thanks to its large crystal size, SACHTLEBEN RODI provides additional hiding power, particularly in thin coating films. SACHTLEBEN R660 and R210 are all-round grades.
= competitive multipurpose grades
RD3 R660 R210
Particle size increases
Tint reducing power and undertone
Tint reducing power and undertone of Sachtleben rutile grades (grey paste)
Undertone from bluish to warm yellowish
The tint-reducing power of white TiO2 pigments can also be described as the ability to lighten the original colour of a paint. TiO2 has a higher tint-reducing power compared to other white pigments, as a result of its high refractive index. Its narrow particle-size distribution assures good hiding power, in addition to excellent tint-reducing power and positive effects on undertone. In general, the smaller the particle size the stronger the tint-reducing power and the bluer the undertone, as is shown in the graph on the right. SACHTLEBEN RODI is an exception to this rule. It has an extraordinarily high tint-reducing power thanks to its simultaneous unique large crystal size (ca. 0.24 µm, TEM) and extremely small particle size (ca. 0.35 µm, Malvern MS2000). Sachtleben supplies pigment products for the entire undertone range, extending from bluish (RDI-S, RD3) to warm yellowish (R210, RODI).
RODI
RDI-S
R320 RODI
R210 R660 RDI-S RD3
Tint reducing power L* increases
4
High performance thanks to optimized crystal and particle size
Gloss Gloss is a function of the surface roughness of a coating film. In general, the larger the particle size of a TiO2 pigment, the lower the gloss of the coating. Sachtleben has always attached special importance to controlling and adjusting particle-size distribution, and to reducing oversized-particle content. Sachtleben thus supplies optimized solutions for the most demanding high-gloss applications in the form of its SACHTLEBEN RDI-S, RD3 and RODI grades. SACHTLEBEN R660 and R210 also offer a good gloss performance in general industrial paints.
Many industrial coating processes, and also curing at elevated temperatures, make additional demands on the gloss retention properties of TiO2 pigments. Optimized surface treatment of Sachtleben titanium dioxide pigments ensures excellent gloss under these challenging conditions.
Gloss rentention of white stoving enamels under overbaking conditions (180˚ C, 45 min.) 85 80 75
60˚ Gloss
70 65 60 55 50 45
4 p
3 p Co m
Co m
2
1
p Co m
p
I D RO
Co m
3
I-S RD
RD
0 R6 6
R2 1
0
40
20° gloss of TiO2 pigments in a high gloss emulsion paint 70 65
20˚ Gloss
60 55 50 45
5
4 p
3 p
Co m
2 p
Co m
1 p
Co m
0 R6 6
Co m
0 R2 1
3 RD
I D RO
RD
I-S
40
Weathering resistance to meet all durability requirements. SACHTLEBEN RD3 is an exceptionally durable grade for use in all demanding applications, as illustrated by the coil-coatings graph below, whereas SACHTLEBEN R660, RDI-S and R210 are competitive choices for various general industrial exterior applications.
Titanium dioxide itself possesses photocatalytic properties. The TiO2 surface must therefore be covered with a suitable layer, consisting, for example, of alumina, silica and/or zirconium oxide, to prevent direct contact between the surface of the TiO2 and the binder, and to inhibit photocatalytic degradation. In addition to surface treatment, various properties of the TiO2 crystals, such as rutile content, impurities and stabilization, also have an influence on durability. Sachtleben grades are designed
Acrylic-isocyanate car-refinishing paints exposed in Florida 90 80
AI2O3-ZrO2 treated RD3 AI2O3-SiO2 treated R660 competitor 1 competitor 2 competitor 3
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24 Exposure time, Months
22
Exterior durability expressed as gloss rentention in a PVDF coil coating exposed in Florida 60 RD3 RDI-S competitor 1 competitor 2 competitor 3
50 40 30 20 10 0 0
8
16
24
32
40
48
56
64
72
80
Exposure time, Months
6
White Pigments – Zinc Sulfide
Zinc sulfide pigments are the most widely used white pigments, alongside titanium dioxide. They are less optically efficient than titanium dioxide, but possess a significant market share nonetheless, as a result of their specific technical properties. These pigments, thanks to their soft texture and low Mohs hardness, are less abrasive than other white pigments. High lightness and low colour hue, low absorption in the near UV-range and good light fastness, low binder demand and good rheological properties, wetting and dispersibility are the outstanding characteristics of the zinc sulfide pigments. Their weathering resistance is lower than that of treated rutile pigments, but zinc sulfide pigments can nonetheless be used alone in indoor applications. Combination with rutile is recommended for use in outdoor applications.
Lithopone LITHOPONE 30% is a white pigment based on a coprecipitated zinc sulfide / barium sulfate. Zinc sulfide content is 30% by weight, whereas on a molecular basis, Lithopone consists of the two components at a ratio of 1:1. Sachtleben supplies Lithopone 30% L, an untreated white pigment for standard waterborne industrial paints, and Lithopone 30% DS, an organically coated white pigment with an extremely low sieve residue and better dispersibility for solvent-based paints and high-gloss applications. Paint manufacturers are constantly seeking ways of reducing their production costs. Correct choice of raw materials makes a decisive contribution to significant cost reductions. The price of titanium dioxide and binders and additives on the world market is one of the major cost factors in production of powder coating systems. The use of LITHOPONE, the alternative white pigment, can provide the key to achieving cost reductions without loss of quality. Both titanium dioxide and binder/additive contents can be optimized by means of partial replacement with LITHOPONE 30% without any sacrifice of the powder coating system‘s technical properties. Lithopone‘s low binder demand compared to a treated rutile TiO2 permits formulations with a higher PVC and therefore lower binder/additives costs per square meter of painted area. Furthermore Lithopone 30% offers the possibility to optimize corrosion resistance and improve sandability due to its unique particle size distribution and intrinsic particle package building up a barrier effect in a coating film. Additional information can be found in the „LITHOPONE in Coatings“ leaflet.
Technical data of Lithopone 30% L and DS 30% L
30% DS
ZnS [%]
approx. 30
approx. 30
BaSO4 [%]
approx. 70
approx. 70
approx. 98
approx. 98
< 0.02
< 0.004
approx. 7
approx. 8
approx. 120
approx. 125
3
3
approx. 4.3
approx. 4.3
Colorimetric index L* (powder) Sieve residue
1)
m.p. > 45 µm [%]
pH Rel. lightening power 2) (blue paste) Hardness [Mohs] Density [g/ml] 1) Mesh gauge 45 µm 2) Reference pigment LITHOPHONE = 100 (blue paste)
7
SACHTOLITH Sachtolith is a pure zinc sulfide pigment. Its low UV absorption edge, in particular, can be exploited in UV-curing coating systems, saving heating energy, and/or opening potentials for coating of heat-sensitive substrates. Sachtleben supplies Sachtolith L, an untreated white pigment for standard waterborne industrial paints, and Sachtolith HDS, an organically coated white pigment with an extremely low sieve residue and improved dispersibility for solvent-based paints and high-gloss applications. Additional information can be found in the „Sachtolith – a white pigment for a wide range of coating applications“ leaflet.
UV-curable coatings pigmented with Sachtolith require less energy for complete curing Curing of high film thicknesses is possible without affecting surface properties A slightly increased Sachtolith PVC compared to TiO2 PVC achieves the same hiding power with no adverse effects Savings increase as Sachtolith replaces a certain percentage of the binder without any increased binder demand The photoinitiator can also be reduced for further savings
Technical data for Sachtolith SachTolith L
Sachtolith HDS
> 98
> 96
Colorimetric index L* (powder)
> 97.5
> 97
Sieve residue 1) [%]
< 0.02
< 0.004
approx. 6
approx. 7
> 50
> 52
3
3
ZnS [%]
pH Rel. scattering power 2) Hardness [Mohs] 1) Mesh gauge 45 µm 2) Reference pigment ZnS = 100 PVC = 17 %
UV absorption edge of SACHTOLITH compared with BaSO4 (BLANC FIXE micro), TiO2 Rutile and TiO2 Anatase 100 90
Reflectance [%]
80 70 60 50 40 SACHTOLITH L
30
BLANC FIXE micro
20
TiO2 Rutile TiO2 Anatas
10 0 300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Wavelength [nm]
8
Inorganic Additives
Ultrafine TiO2 for UV-protection The crystal size of pigmentary titanium dioxide is around 200-300 nm, that of ultrafine titanium dioxide around 10-15 nm. Pigmentary titanium dioxide scatters visible light most efficiently and imparts good hiding power, whereas ultrafine titanium dioxide effectively absorbs UV light and transmits visible wavelengths through the crystal. Ultrafine TiO2 thus no longer exhibits pigmentary properties but is, instead, transparent, and can therefore be used as an efficient inorganic UV absorber in pigmented systems and in clear coatings.
Thanks to its small particle size, ultrafine HOMBITEC titanium dioxide does not scatter visible light, and is therefore transparent in clear coating systems 100
scattering power [%]
HOMBITEC
80 60 40
TiO2 pigment grade
20 0
particle size [%] 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Protects UV-sensitive substrates (improved intercoat adhesion) and/or the polymer itself Long-term protection thanks to excellent stability against migration Improved adhesion under outdoor exposure Increased gloss retention For use in pigmented systems with 1 to 3 % PVC for coating and pigment protection
9
Inorganic HOMBITEC incorporated into a coating does not migrate. The UV-absorption characteristics of HOMBITEC thus remain constant throughout the coating lifetime unlike the situation with common organic UV absorbers, which lose their performance as time progresses due to weathering, migration and destruction.
The HOMBITEC product range for UV protection Characteristics
RM 110
RM 300
RM 400
Crystal structure
rutile
rutile
rutile
Crystal size [nm]
approx. 10
approx. 15
approx. 10
white
brownish
yellowish
approx. 100
approx. 70
approx. 110
very good
good
very good
good
very good
very good
approx. 79
approx. 87
approx. 78
Appearance (powder) Specific surface area [m2/g] transparency UV-absorption TiO2 [%] content Application
general general wood
Additional information and detailed guidelines on formulation modification can be found in the „HOMBITEC – the inorganic UV-absorber for long-term protection“ leaflet. Long term UV protection
Long-term UV protection using HOMBITEC RM300. An alkyd / melamine system after outdoor exposure for three years
Basis
Organic UV / Hals
HOMBITEC RM300 PVC 1.0
10
Inorganic Additives
Ultrafine TiO2 for metallic effect paints UV-TITAN meets the demands of innovative coatings manufacturers, providing a range of carefully micronized transparent titanium dioxide which scatter light when used in combination with metallic pigments, creating differing golden flashes with bluish shifts in hue, a phenomenon known as the Flip-Flop effect.
In order to determine the blue light scattering property of effect pigments a UV/Vis transmission spectrum of the water dispersion is recorded. The absorbance in the UV Aλmax(~330 nm) and Vis A(450 nm) are taken to calculate the fineness U/V100. The higher the fineness U/V100 the higher the transparency of the effect pigment.
UV-TITAN L530 has excellent exterior durability and provide a unique variety of hue-shifting colors. The following table below shows typical properties of the UV-TITAN L530.
Flip-Flop effect
Incident light
Flip
Colour change as b* of automotive metallic effect paint when viewed at different angles
Flop
15
Without UV-TITAN L530 With UV-TITAN L530
Basecoat
Aluminum flakes & Ultrafine TiO2
Metal substrate
5˚ 11
˚ 75
65
˚ 55
˚ 45
˚
˚ 25
35
-5
˚
Angle
0
˚
Clearcoat
5
20
Colour tone, b*
10
-10 -15
Typical properties
UV-TITAN L530
Metallic effect
silvery blue / auburn golden
Crystal size [nm]
approx. 30
Specific surface area [m2/g]
approx. 60
Crystal structure
rutile
TiO2 content [%]
min. 87
Inorganic treatment alumina silica zirconium Organic treatment
polyalcohol
Property of surface
hydrophilic
Fineness (U/V100)
11
250
Functional Fillers and Inorganic Additives
BLANC FIXE
Possible BLANC FIXE product modifications
Sachtleben‘s synthetic barium sulfates have been familiar on the coatings market for more than one hundred years. Originally used as extenders for simple, low-cost systems, in the course of time they have continuously gained in importance as inorganic additives for special high-quality coatings. Special production methods, various treatments and the design of special crystallites now permit customized solutions for the most diverse range of requirements. Synthetic barium sulfate is totally inert under normal conditions, and possesses high resistance to outdoor exposure.
Properties of BLANC FIXE powder Controlled surface properties, combined with defined particle size and particle geometry High consistency of, for example, lightness, thanks to chemical production process
particle size particle shape purity inorganic coating organic coating
Benefits of BLANC FIXE in coatings applications The outstanding technical performance of BLANC FIXE makes it suitable for use in a large range of industrial coatings applications:
Low specific surface area, low oil absorption Colour neutral, thanks to low refractive index
From fillers to additives
Insoluble in water and organic solvents
Adjustment of gloss possible
An inert product, lightfast and weather-resistant
Weather resistance / chemical resistance
Acid- and alkali-resistant
Pigment stabilization
Largely free of impurities, such as quartz, for example, thanks to the chemical production process used Low abrasion thanks to low Mohs hardness
Mechanical properties Benefits for rheological properties Dispersibility from easy to ambitious Easily repeatable processing Easy overpaintability Customers have at their disposal a broad range of Sachtleben BLANC FIXE products for achievement of maximum technical benefits and for minimization of the price: benefit ratio.
12
Functional Fillers and Inorganic Additives
Adjustment of gloss
The BLANC FIXE product range for industrial coatings: from fillers to additives
S
LU
rF
e up
NC
XE
FI
NC
XE
F
1
o
/S
FI
A BL
A BL
3
N
NC
XE
icr
/P
E
m
FI
0.7
0.2
E
S ER
HU
P
TO
H AC
C SA
A BL
HP
P
O
HT
S ER
S
0.04 µm
Different coatings have different requirements, with respect to gloss, for example. It is possible to adjust gloss, as a function of the mean BLANC FIXE particle size. As a general rule (assuming the material is correctly dispersed), gloss increases as mean particle size becomes finer. In most systems, the addition of BLANC FIXE micro with a particle size of approx. 0.7 µm has no effect on gloss, whereas BLANC FIXE N or F will decrease gloss, and various Sachtoperse grades of sizes down to 0.04 µm will actually improve gloss.
Weathering resistance / chemical resistance
20˚ and 60˚ gloss of a black stoving enamel FVC 11.5% 100
20˚ Gloss
Blanc Fixe in powder form is a totally inert substance with maximum resistance to weathering. One of the main applications of Blanc Fixe micro is for partial replacement of coloured pigments (from TiO2 and coloured inorganic pigments up to organic pigments). The replacement of a pigment with Blanc Fixe micro signifies replacement of a material with a high surface area by a material with a lower surface area, thus resulting in a surplus of free binder in the formulation, and therefore increasing weathering resistance. Only when adding to much Blanc Fixe on top of the formulation without replacing a negative effect due to reduced free binder can occur.
90
N
80
F
70
micro
60
Reference
50 40 30 20 10 0 20˚ Gloss
60˚ Gloss
The effects of 10% PVC BaSO4 of various particle sizes on the gloss of a clear coat
White solvent-based alkyd systems 92
100 90
90
80
88
60
20˚ Gloss
20˚ Gloss
70 50 40
clear coat
86 84
30
Partial replacement of TiO2 (same opacity)
20
82
BLANC FIXE on top (higher opacity)
10
Basic white Formulation
80
0 0
3
6
9
12
15
weathering time [months]
13
18
21
24
0
0.5
1
1.5 2 2.5 Particle size [µm]
3
3.5
4
Pigment stabilization / replacement
Inert barium sulfate particles act as spacers between pigment particles
Blanc Fixe synthetic barium sulfates and, in particular, Blanc Fixe micro, are used as functional extenders in coatings. They make it possible to reduce coating-formulation costs and also enhance the efficiency of the pigments used. Barium sulfate particles act as an optimum spacer for pigment particles. Blanc Fixe micro is, for example, widely used for partial replacement of both white and coloured pigments (approx. 10% wt. in each case) without any loss of optical performance properties, such as gloss, hiding power and colour strength. This modification alone can achieve significant cost-savings on raw materials in terms of white and coloured pigments. Blanc Fixe micro is the economical method of achieving spacing; higher brilliance is required in some cases, however. The use of Sachtoperse HU is advantageous for dark colours such as blue and black, in particular, since this material has a particle size of approx. 0.04 µm and is thus highly transparent.
BLANC FIXE micro Spacer
Spacer
d50 = 0.7 µm Economic way of spacing
SACHTOPERSE HU-N d50 = 0.04 µm For brillant colours, deep black, highest gloss
The pigment-stabilizing action of Blanc Fixe permits replacement of 5 to 15% of titanium dioxide and coloured pigments content. An example of a modified formulation is shown below. Further information on the properties and uses of Blanc Fixe micro can be found in the „Blanc Fixe micro for high-quality coatings“ leaflet and „Functional Additives for color pastes“ leaflet.
Original formulation
10% replacement of TiO2 and of green pigment by BLANC FIXE micro
BLANC FIXE micro in a coil coating topcoat formulation
original formulation
10 wt. % replacement of TiO2 and of green pigment
Gloss 20º
69.9
68.7
Gloss 60º
90.5
90.5
Haze
163 177
L*
58.8 58.9
a*
-46.9 -46.7
b*
3.4 3.4
14
Functional Fillers and Inorganic Additives
A special form of pigment stabilization can be seen in metallic coatings. Blanc Fixe micro and Sachtoperse HU can be used for orientation of flake-shaped effect pigments, such as aluminium flakes. The orientation of the flakes parallel to the coated surface is thus improved, achieving a more intensive colour flop, and less cloudiness in the coating. Unlike the organic waxes also used for orientation, chemically inert Blanc Fixe has no effect on adhesion of the clearcoat subsequently applied. In addition, selection of the correct Blanc Fixe grade permits achievement of a controlled lightness across the whole surface.
Pigment pastes
Plot of tinting strength for Hostaperm Violet
without micro
200
15 % micro 20 % micro
Tinting strength [%]
Pigments are the highest-cost component in pigmentpaste formulations. Every pigmentation system should, for this very reason, be designed to be as effective and efficient as possible. Blanc Fixe micro - a material with a d50 particle size of ~0.7µm - is the all-round talent for every highly extended paste. Use of Blanc Fixe micro in grinding pigment pastes achieves the same tinting strength after a shorter grinding time, or even a higher tinting strength after the same grinding time.
175
150
125
100 10
20
40
60
90
120
180
minutes Skandex - dispersion
Sachtoperse HU a material with a d50 of ~0.04 µm, is notable in particular for its totally haze-free incorporation into coatings. Sachtoperse can therefore be recommended for black pigment preparations on a carbon black basis, and also for dark red and blue hues, for which Blanc Fixe micro may not be sufficiently transparent. The way in which Sachtoperse particles adhere to the particles of coloured pigment, preventing flocculation with certainty, is clearly apparent here: Additional information and detailed guidelines on formulation modification can be found in the „Functional Additives for colour pastes and pigment preparations“ leaflet and „Sachtoperse trouble shooter“ leaflet.
15
Transmission electron microscopic image of Sachtoperse HU (smaller, darker particles) and organic pigments (larger, lighter particles) in a paint film.
Mechanical properties
Stone-chip resistance
Thanks to its spherical particle shape and low oil absorption (with benefits for free binder), Blanc Fixe exhibits generally good performances in mechanical tests, such as the Erichsen indentation test, the cross-cut test, etc. One of the main applications for Blanc Fixe micro is in automotive primers where, in addition to other benefits, it permits achievement of excellent stone-chip resistance.
BLANC FIXE micro
BLANC FIXE N
synthetic CaCO3
synthetic BaSO4 No.1
Influence on rheology Even at extremely high concentrations, Blanc Fixe grades with particle sizes of up to 0.7 µm have practically no effects on viscosity. Blanc Fixe micro‘s low binder demand, in particular, permits high extension levels and low VOC, with no negative effects on viscosity, no loss of gloss and no harm to any other paint-system properties - but with a simultaneous reduction in formulation costs!
Dispersibility The dispersibility of Blanc Fixe is a function of particle size and organic or inorganic after-treatment, and is a key aspect in the development of new products. As a general rule, the finer the particles, the more ambitious the dispersion. Blanc Fixe N (3 µm) can be dispersed using a simple dissolver, whereas dispersion of Blanc Fixe F (1 µm) is more complex, and is not possible in all cases and in all formulations. Thanks to its organic treatment (coating), Blanc Fixe micro is significantly more dispersible than Blanc Fixe F, despite its smaller particle size. Dispersion using a dissolver is therefore possible.
120 10% BaSO4 EVC: 2.6% 20% BaSO4 EVC: 5.2%
100
30% BaSO4 EVC: 7.9%
Yield point [Pa]
To move on to the Blanc Fixe grades of smaller particle sizes, there is, in high concentrations, a built up of a yield point. This can be used as a special performance of Sachtoperse HU: building up this yield point improves edge coverage and anti-sagging and is beneficial for corrosion resistance. In contrast to other materials Sachtoperse combines the building up of a yield point with an increased gloss.
Yield point built up of BLANC FIXE in glycol
80
60 40
20 0 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
Particle size [µm]
0.8
The BLANC FIXE product range for industrial coatings: from fillers to additives
S
LU
rF
e up
NC
XE
FI
NC
A BL
A BL
3
N
1
XE
F
o
/S
FI
NC
XE
icr
/P
FI
0.2
S ER
HP SE
HU
R PE
P
O
HT
C SA
A BL
0.7
E
m
TO
CH
SA
0.04 µm
16
Functional Fillers and Inorganic Additives
NEW PRODUCT Blanc Fixe micro PLUS 20
micro water borne system micro solvent borne system micro PLUS water borne system micro PLUS solvent borne system
18 16 14
fineness [µm]
Customers‘ demands for greater dispersibility have nonetheless increased in recent years. Our newly developed Blanc Fixe micro PLUS therefore incorporates superior dispersibility, permitting improved ultimate fineness or a shorter grinding time. Additional information can be found in the "BLANC FIXE micro PLUS - A new member of the BLANC FIXE micro family".
BLANC FIXE micro PLUS with increased dispersibility
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 min
5 min
10 min
Dispersion time [min]
17
15 min
SACHTLEBEN R660
SACHTLEBEN RDI-S
SACHTLEBEN RODI
SACHTLEBEN R210
SACHTLEBEN R320
HOMBITAN LC-S
HOMBITAN LW
SACHTOLITH L / HD-S
LITHOPONE 30 % L / DS
White pigments
SACHTLEBEN RD3
Sachtleben recommendations for Industrial Paints and Coatings
b
n
b
w
w
w
b
b
n
n
General Industrial / Interior General Industrial / Exterior Paste & Pigment Preparations UV-Curing
SACHTOPERSE HP
SACHTOPERSE HU
HOMBITEC RM300
BLANC FIXE micro PLUS
UV-TITAN L530
BLANC FIXE micro
Inorganic additives and Functional fillers
BLANC FIXE F
Undertone: bluish, neutral, warm
BLANC FIXE N
Anti-Corrosion / Marine Coatings
General Industrial Paste & Pigment Preparations UV-Curing Anti-Corrosion / Marine Coatings made in Germany
made in Finland
All marked products reflect our first recommendation. In addition, our other grades can be efficiently used depending on customer`s requirements.
Sachtleben‘s initial recommendations for industrial paints and coatings are provided in the following tables. In addition, various other Sachtleben grades and products can be efficiently and cost-effectively used, depending on the user‘s ultimate application and requirements.
18
Sachtleben does not guarantee the accuracy, topicality, correctness, completeness, quality or usefulness of any information provided. Any liability claims in connection with such information are excluded. 04.127.02.11.e
Great Solutions with Small Particles Sachtleben Chemie GmbH A company of Holdings, Inc. P.O. Box 17 04 54 • D-47184 Duisburg / Germany E-Mail: [email protected] • www.sachtleben.com
Sales Office Coatings: Phone +358 10 430 1805 E-Mail: [email protected]
