severe weather severe weather
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SEVERE WEATHER CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary • Use direct definitions to determine word meaning: What does the term jet stream mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 10. (narrow belts of strong, fastmoving, high-pressure air found at altitudes of about 9 kilometers or more above Earth)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: What does weather include? (temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, and winds, page 6) • Identify facts and details: What are the two types of winds? (local and global, page 8)
LEVEL W/60
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
Cyclone
Anticyclone
? pressure contains rising warm air Northern Hemisphere moves counterclockwise Southern Hemisphere moves clockwise causes rainy, stormy weather
high pressure
Both
contains cold, dry air
areas of pressure
Northern Hemisphere moves ?
found in both Northern and Southern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere moves counterclockwise
affects weather
causes ? weather
• Represent text in a different way: Present the Venn diagram on chart paper or on your whiteboard. Look at the information about cyclones and anticyclones found on page 8. What information belongs in the blank? (low; clockwise; clear, dry, fair weather) • Identify cause and effect: The Coriolis effect is caused by . . . (Earth’s rotation, page 9)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Make inferences: What can you infer about weather from the third paragraph on page 6? (Answer: weather changes quickly; Clues/ evidence: the next day might be sunny at first, then all of a sudden, a major storm blows in!) • Support responses using text: Which sentence on page 10 shows the importance of weather science? (“Understanding the causes of severe storms allows us to predict when they may happen and also prepare for the damage and destruction they may cause.”)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use in Chapter 1? (description and example) • Evaluate author’s purpose: Why did the author include the sidebar on page 9? (to provide the reader with additional information about wind movement)
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CHAPTER 2 Vocabulary • Use descriptions to determine word meaning: What does the word burrow mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 17. (Answer: animal home in the ground; Clues/evidence: animals with dens or burrows in the ground can escape rain and dangerous lightning until the storm passes)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: The best insulators in a storm are things made of . . . (rubber, glass, or wood, page 15) • Identify facts and details: The size of a storm surge depends on . . . (the speed and strength of the hurricane, and whether it reaches land during high or low tide, page 19)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension Wind Speed
Name
37–63 kilometers
tropical depression
63–119 kilometers
?
119 kilometers and above
hurricane
• Represent text in a different way: Present the table on chart paper or on your whiteboard. Look at the chart of information from the first paragraph on page 18. What information belongs in the blank? (tropical storm) • Identify cause and effect: What are the two effects of a storm surge? (sea levels rise, extensive damage to property along shoreline, page 19)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Support responses using text: Through much of history, storms were not predicted. What information on page 17 supports this inference? (today, scientists can predict upcoming blizzards and other winter storms) • Summarize information: Write a one-sentence summary for page 22. (Answer: El Niño and La Niña affect weather worldwide; Clues/evidence: sometimes changes in the atmosphere’s wind patterns cause major problems around the world; this change affects weather around the globe; heavy rain and serious flooding can occur in the eastern Pacific Ocean at this time; La Niña can also affect the weather around the globe)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: Which text structures are used in Chapter 2? (description/cause and effect) • Evaluate author’s purpose: On page 17, the author included the paragraph about the “Great White Hurricane” to . . . (help students understand the dangers of blizzards by using a real event)
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CHAPTER 3 Vocabulary • Use descriptions to determine word meaning: What does the word evacuation mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 38. (Answer: a way to get out of harm’s way; Clues/evidence: people must move to a new place until the dangers of a storm have passed)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: Hurricanes usually develop in the _________ and move toward the _________. (eastern Atlantic Ocean; western Atlantic Ocean, page 28) • Identify facts and details: List two reasons why tornadoes are difficult to forecast. (they form quickly, scientists don’t completely understand how and why they form, page 32)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension ? M M
Tornado Safety
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Use graphic features to interpret information: Would a mobile home survive a Category 3 hurricane? (Answer: no; Clues/evidence: the chart on page 31 says that mobile homes would be extensively damaged in a Category 2 hurricane; it would probably not survive a Category 3 hurricane) • Make inferences: Why would you need a battery-powered radio in a safety kit? (Answer: battery-powered radios do not run on electricity; Clues/evidence: power outages can happen during all types of severe weather; families will need the radio to get up-to-date weather information if there is no electricity, page 37)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: The author includes causeand-effect signal phrases on page 27. What are these phrases? (caused, also caused, is a result) • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author added bullets to the sidebar on page 34 to . . . (make sure the reader noticed the sidebar and read the information in it)
under a staircase
standing in a door
M
• Represent text in a different way: Present the word web on chart paper or on your whiteboard. Look at the word web with information from page 34. What information belongs in the blank? (basement) • Identify stated main idea: What sentence states the main idea for page 39? (“The danger does not disappear immediately after the storm has passed.”)
M
M
under a heavy table
an interior room
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Page 1
TIPS FOR ANSWERING TEXT-DEPENDENT QUESTIONS
Vocabulary
Reread and look for clues to help you define the unfamiliar word. Can you find a synonym, a definition, text clues, or picture clues?
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
The answers are right in the text. Reread to locate facts and details to answer the questions.
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
The answers are in the text, but you may need to look in more than one place to find them.
ris
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
You’ll have to be a detective. You won’t find the exact answers to these questions, but you will find clues and evidence to support your inferences and conclusions.
As you reread, ask yourself, “How did the author organize the information? Why did he or she write the book?”
PRIME SCIENCE Set A ©2010 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This card may be photocopied for classroom use only. Based on the Comprehension Through Deductive Reasoning Model developed by Margaret Kilgo.
Hem cou
Hem
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5/25/10
10:13 AM
Page 2
SEVERE WEATHER CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary • Use direct definitions to determine word meaning: What does the term jet stream mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 10. (narrow belts of strong, fastmoving, high-pressure air found at altitudes of about 9 kilometers or more above Earth)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: What does weather include? (temperature, pressure, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, and winds, page 6) • Identify facts and details: What are the two types of winds? (local and global, page 8)
LEVEL W/60
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
Cyclone
Anticyclone
? pressure contains rising warm air Northern Hemisphere moves counterclockwise Southern Hemisphere moves clockwise causes rainy, stormy weather
high pressure
Both
contains cold, dry air
areas of pressure
Northern Hemisphere moves ?
found in both Northern and Southern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere moves counterclockwise
affects weather
causes ? weather
• Represent text in a different way: Present the Venn diagram on chart paper or on your whiteboard. Look at the information about cyclones and anticyclones found on page 8. What information belongs in the blank? (low; clockwise; clear, dry, fair weather) • Identify cause and effect: The Coriolis effect is caused by . . . (Earth’s rotation, page 9)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Make inferences: What can you infer about weather from the third paragraph on page 6? (Answer: weather changes quickly; Clues/ evidence: the next day might be sunny at first, then all of a sudden, a major storm blows in!) • Support responses using text: Which sentence on page 10 shows the importance of weather science? (“Understanding the causes of severe storms allows us to predict when they may happen and also prepare for the damage and destruction they may cause.”)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: What text structure does the author use in Chapter 1? (description and example) • Evaluate author’s purpose: Why did the author include the sidebar on page 9? (to provide the reader with additional information about wind movement)
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5/25/10
10:13 AM
Page 3
CHAPTER 2 Vocabulary • Use descriptions to determine word meaning: What does the word burrow mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 17. (Answer: animal home in the ground; Clues/evidence: animals with dens or burrows in the ground can escape rain and dangerous lightning until the storm passes)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: The best insulators in a storm are things made of . . . (rubber, glass, or wood, page 15) • Identify facts and details: The size of a storm surge depends on . . . (the speed and strength of the hurricane, and whether it reaches land during high or low tide, page 19)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension Wind Speed
Name
37–63 kilometers
tropical depression
63–119 kilometers
?
119 kilometers and above
hurricane
• Represent text in a different way: Present the table on chart paper or on your whiteboard. Look at the chart of information from the first paragraph on page 18. What information belongs in the blank? (tropical storm) • Identify cause and effect: What are the two effects of a storm surge? (sea levels rise, extensive damage to property along shoreline, page 19)
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Support responses using text: Through much of history, storms were not predicted. What information on page 17 supports this inference? (today, scientists can predict upcoming blizzards and other winter storms) • Summarize information: Write a one-sentence summary for page 22. (Answer: El Niño and La Niña affect weather worldwide; Clues/evidence: sometimes changes in the atmosphere’s wind patterns cause major problems around the world; this change affects weather around the globe; heavy rain and serious flooding can occur in the eastern Pacific Ocean at this time; La Niña can also affect the weather around the globe)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: Which text structures are used in Chapter 2? (description/cause and effect) • Evaluate author’s purpose: On page 17, the author included the paragraph about the “Great White Hurricane” to . . . (help students understand the dangers of blizzards by using a real event)
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5/25/10
10:13 AM
Page 4
CHAPTER 3 Vocabulary • Use descriptions to determine word meaning: What does the word evacuation mean in this book? Let’s look for clues for the meaning of this word on page 38. (Answer: a way to get out of harm’s way; Clues/evidence: people must move to a new place until the dangers of a storm have passed)
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension • Identify facts and details: Hurricanes usually develop in the _________ and move toward the _________. (eastern Atlantic Ocean; western Atlantic Ocean, page 28) • Identify facts and details: List two reasons why tornadoes are difficult to forecast. (they form quickly, scientists don’t completely understand how and why they form, page 32)
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension ? M M
Tornado Safety
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension • Use graphic features to interpret information: Would a mobile home survive a Category 3 hurricane? (Answer: no; Clues/evidence: the chart on page 31 says that mobile homes would be extensively damaged in a Category 2 hurricane; it would probably not survive a Category 3 hurricane) • Make inferences: Why would you need a battery-powered radio in a safety kit? (Answer: battery-powered radios do not run on electricity; Clues/evidence: power outages can happen during all types of severe weather; families will need the radio to get up-to-date weather information if there is no electricity, page 37)
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension • Analyze text structure and organization: The author includes causeand-effect signal phrases on page 27. What are these phrases? (caused, also caused, is a result) • Evaluate author’s purpose: The author added bullets to the sidebar on page 34 to . . . (make sure the reader noticed the sidebar and read the information in it)
under a staircase
standing in a door
M
• Represent text in a different way: Present the word web on chart paper or on your whiteboard. Look at the word web with information from page 34. What information belongs in the blank? (basement) • Identify stated main idea: What sentence states the main idea for page 39? (“The danger does not disappear immediately after the storm has passed.”)
M
M
under a heavy table
an interior room
Y05804_SevWeath.qxd:gr4 lost cities NAV
5/25/10
10:13 AM
Page 1
TIPS FOR ANSWERING TEXT-DEPENDENT QUESTIONS
Vocabulary
Reread and look for clues to help you define the unfamiliar word. Can you find a synonym, a definition, text clues, or picture clues?
Find It! Level 1 Comprehension
The answers are right in the text. Reread to locate facts and details to answer the questions.
Look Closer! Level 2 Comprehension
The answers are in the text, but you may need to look in more than one place to find them.
ris
Prove It! Level 3 Comprehension
Take It Apart! Level 4 Comprehension
You’ll have to be a detective. You won’t find the exact answers to these questions, but you will find clues and evidence to support your inferences and conclusions.
As you reread, ask yourself, “How did the author organize the information? Why did he or she write the book?”
PRIME SCIENCE Set A ©2010 Benchmark Education Company, LLC. All rights reserved. This card may be photocopied for classroom use only. Based on the Comprehension Through Deductive Reasoning Model developed by Margaret Kilgo.
Hem cou
Hem
c
