SOL
Decolonization/Modernization & Terrorism SOL WHII 12 & 13
Chinworth 4th & 6th
Day 1: Friday, April 20: • Cold War Test • Assignment #1 Day 2: Tues, April 24 • Review Cold War Test • Turn in Assignment #1 • L/N/D/Q India • Assignment #2 Day 3: Thurs, April 26 • Review & Quiz - Decolonization India • Turn in Assignment #2 • L/N/D/Q Africa • Assignment #3 • SOL Review Day 4: Monday, April 30 • Review & Quiz Decolonization Africa • Turn in Assignment #4 ~L/N/D/Q: The Modern Middle East ~SOL Practice Test Day 5th: Wednesday, May 2 • Review & Test – Decolonization/Modernization & Terrorism Friday, May 4 – SOL Review
*****Tuesday, May 8 – SOL *****
*All of this is Subject to Change Depending on SOL Testing!
Decolonization Assignment #1 T9S3 & T12S1:India
Name:______________________________ Date:___________________Pd:_________
Key Vocabulary: Mohandas Gandhi untouchable Kashmir Bangladesh
Amritsar massacre boycott Jawaharlal Nehru nonalignment
ahimsa partition Indira Gandhi Pakistan
civil disobedience Sikh Punjab Afghanistan
Directions: Read pgs. 437-440 India was once a dependent colony of __________________ and the people of India had for some time worked to gain self-rule (much like Ireland). This nationalist movement will once again turn violent when a unit of British soldiers shot into a group of peaceful protestors. This event was called the ___________________________. As a result, the movement will call for total independence. The party that led the nationalist movement was called the __________________________________ and was led by ______________________________________. He had been educated in Great Britain and had worked as a lawyer in South Africa, fighting against laws that ______________________________. When World War I broke out in Europe, he returned to India. Gandhi was a _______________ so he did not believe in violence. So he adopted two strategies that will be used by activists around the world (including Martin Luther King Jr.). The first was the refusal to obey laws that were unfair; which is called ________________________. Because he believed that all people should be treated as equals, he worked to end discrimination against those in the lowest Hindu caste called ___________________________. Another tactic Gandhi will use was the refusal to buy any products made in Great Britain and imported to Indiathis is called a ________________________ (MLK will call for the same thing during the civil rights movement when he asked people not to use the busses in Montgomery, Alabama). In particular, he warned Indians not to buy British made _____________________. Instead, to set an example, Gandhi would spin his own cloth. As a result, the spinning wheel was added to the Indian flag after independence was granted. Gandhi’s most famous protest was in 1930, when he called on Indians to boycott __________, which the British had a monopoly on and taxed very heavily. Starting in March, Gandhi and his followers began a ______ mile march to the ocean where they intended to collect their own salt (a violation of the law). By April, thousands had joined him. As the Salt March gained international attention, the British were forced to give in to some of the demands of the National Congress. However, India will not gain Independence until after __________________.
Topic 12, Lesson 1: Turn to page 578-583 Following WWII, two events will develop. First was the Cold War and the second was the independence movement of European colonies. Because of the Cold War, both the US and its allies and the Soviet Union will compete for influence in these newly independent nations in Africa and Asia. India was a prime example. Following the war, India will press for independence. However, with independence came a new problem. The majority of the population of India practiced the religion of _________________, but there was also a sizable minority population that practiced ___________________. They worried that if the British left India, the majority would begin to discriminate against people of the minority religion. The group that wanted a separate country, for the Muslims was called the ____________________ and was led by ______________________. The country they wanted for themselves would be called _______________________, which would be created from those parts of India where Muslims were the majority. When Great Britain decided to grant independence, they also made the decision to divide, or ___________________ the region to create two countries, the Hindu majority ____________, and the Muslim majority _____________________. Once the borders of the new countries were created, people in the opposite country scrambled to move. As a result of the mass migration of _______________ million people, _______ million people of both religions were killed. Conflict over the region of ______________ has since cause several wars. Since independence, India began to develop _____________ weapons. Because this was during the Cold War, their neighbors in Pakistan felt they needed them as well. By _______ both countries will be nuclear powers. The first prime minister of India was ______________________, who ruled from 1947- _____. His biggest challenges were to increase the standard of living for Indians, but this was hindered by a growing _____________________ (2nd largest in the world). He also struggled to end discrimination against ________________ or outcastes. In 1966, his daughter, _____________became the first women to be elected prime minister of India. In 1984, a Hindu sect called _____________ demanded their own country in the Indian state of ____________________ where the _______________________ was located, their most sacred shrine. When the Sikhs took over the shrine & demanded independence, Indira Gandhi sent in troops to end the occupation. Due to the number of people killed and the damage done to the temple, a few months later, Indira Gandhi’s bodyguards ______________________ her. When India & Pakistan were created in 1947, Pakistan was a ______________ nation with India in between. This didn’t work well, so in _________, East Pakistan declared its independence &
renamed the country ______________________. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 resulted in millions of refugees flooding into Pakistan. This led to an increase in Islamic fundamentalism. When the Soviets left Afghanistan, the refugees went back and the Pakistani government supported the Afghanistan’s _______________government as well as the terrorist group ________________ out of resent of the US’s interference in the Middle East & Pakistan. Bangladesh is one of the ____________ and crowded countries in the world (highest number of people per square mile). It also has to deal with seasonal rains called monsoons that frequently flood the country. In 1955, both India & Pakistan decided not to get involved in the Cold War. This policy was called __________________________ or political & diplomatic independence from the super powers. And while India was part of this movement, it did create closer ties with the Soviet Union (out of defiance to Great Britain’s colonialism).
Map Activity: Use Pg. 581 Locate & Label the Following India Pakistan (West Pakistan) Afghanistan Sri Lan Kashmir (circle it & color it RED) 1.Color those areas where Hindus are a majority Yellow 2.Color those areas where Muslims are a majority Green
Bangladesh (East Pakistan)
Decolonization/Modernization T12L2Assignment #2: Africa
Name:_________________________ Date:___________________Pd:____
Key Vocabulary: Kwame Nkrumah Islamist Tutsis Nelson Mandela
Jomo Kenyatta Katanga Darfur
coup d’etat Biafra Rwanda
Mobutu Sese Seko Hutus apartheid
Read pages 589- top of 593 complete the study guide below. Following World War II, European powers faced extreme financial troubles. As a result, many, particularly France and Great Britain found they had to reduce the size of their overseas empires in Africa and the Middle East. After WWII, the independence movement in Africa accelerated. One of the biggest problems native Africans had to overcome was creating nations with borders that did not match ethnic divisions. When the Europeans claimed regions, they drew boundaries without considering the different groups that lived within them. Once the Europeans were gone, many conflicts erupted between differing people now forced into one country. A second major obstacle for these new countries was a lack of democratic experience; as a result, a large number of African nations were ruled by ______________________ who only looked out for themselves. More than half the countries had to deal with _____________________________, or the forcible overthrow of a government by the army. A third challenge these countries faced were the competing interests of the superpowers. Both the ______________ and the ___________________ tried to develop strategic and military alliances among African nations. In West Africa, the transition to independence was for the most part, peaceful. The first subSaharan African nation to gain independence after WWII was _________________ in 1957. Their first president was ____________________. One of the most violent independence movements was in _____________. Large numbers of British citizens settled in the country; taking the best farmland. The ethnic majority were called _________________. The leader of the native people was _______________________ who, at first tried Gandhi’s methods of non-violence to gain more rights for the people. That didn’t work, so the movement became more violent. The British will call these guerrillas the __________________. The British government reacted with more and more violence of their own, but that did not stop the movement. Finally in ____________, Kenya gained independence & elected Kenyatta as their first president. But he was not a good president. The first fair elections in Kenya wasn’t until ___________, when Kenyatta’s party was removed from power.
Another very violent independence movement was in _______________ which had belonged to ____________. Like Kenya, a million people had moved to this part of Africa and were afraid that if it were given independence, they would lose their privileges. Algerians wanting independence organized a nationalist group called the _____________________________. As in Kenya peaceful methods didn’t work, they resorted to _________________ tactics. France had just lost their colony in __________________, so they were determined to keep Algeria and the violence escalated. Because the people of France lost their taste for the war, Algeria was granted independence in ___________. Even after European nations withdrew from Africa, problems developed. Because Europeans had lumped people of different ethnic groups into the same country, often bitter civil wars erupted between majority & minority people. The deadliest was in the tiny Central African nation of ________________. There the majority people called ______________ violently rebelled against the minority ________________ who controlled the government. In the early 1990’s ________________ people were butchered and ______ million were driven from their homes. Religious differences also affected African nations. In ____________ the government encouraged Arab militias to attack non-Muslims in the Southern part of the country in a region called __________________, killing, wounding or displacing hundreds of thousands of nonMuslims. Only recently has the fighting ended and only because the country was divided into 2 nations.
Turn to T13L2, pages 629-632 (Start in the red at the top) South Africa was awarded self-rule in ______, however, only the _________ minority enjoyed that freedom. They controlled the __________________ and the ___________________. In order to make sure they stayed in control, they passed very strict laws of racial segregation called _____________________. The African National Congress (ANC) worked for years to end discriminatory laws. As in other parts of the world, they first used peaceful tactics like ______________, marches and strikes. However, just as in Kenya and Algeria, the movement took a violent turn when in 1960, the police shot ______ demonstrators in the town of ___________________. The government will ban the ANC arrest & jail for life the leader _________________________. It won’t be until the _________,when the international pressure will force the government to release Mandela and end policies racial discrimination. In ___________ people of all races were allowed to vote for the first time.
Map Activity: Locate & Label the following on the Maps Above (use pgs. 498,665 & 689) Egypt
South Africa
Rwanda
Kenya Algeria
Sudan
Ghana
Write the Letter A in the country of apartheid. Write the Letter B in the country where the Mau Mau used guerrilla tactics. Write the Letter C in the country were almost 1 million people died because of their ethnicity. Write the Letter D in the first sub-Saharan nation to become independent. Write the Letter E in the country that fought France for Independence. Write the Letter F in the country where the Muslim Brotherhood rejected western culture. Write the Letter G in the country where Muslims ethnically cleansed non-Muslims.
Decolonization/Modernization 12L3/Assignment #3TMiddle East
Name:________________________________ Date:_______________________Pd:_______
Key Vocabulary: Golda Meir Suez Canal theocracy secular Balfour Declaration
Col.Nasser Aswan Dam
Anwar Sadat Israel
Zionist Palestine
Pages 599Following WWI, the Ottoman Empire was dismantled (broken up) and all that was left was _________________________. Anti-colonial feelings were fueled, when many in the Middle East felt the British & French lied to them. They had been promised freedom in exchange for fighting with them against the Ottoman Empire. Instead of independence, the British & French made them into _____________. Cutural boundaries were disregarded as the British publically supported a ________ state in ____________________________, while also promising that same land to the Arab Palestinians. As a result, after WWI, thousands of European Jews moved to the region as part of the _________________ movement, brewing even more resentment among Arab people. Today this land is called ________________. Map Activity: Use page 600 Label: Turkey Palestine Iraq Syria Lebanon TransJordan Egypt Iran Suez Canal (draw it in) Color British Mandates: BLUE Color French Mandates: RED Circle the Mandate that will Become Israel with GREEN
Just like in Africa, sectarian violence will become a major problem in the Middle East. One example was the _____________ who are a minority in Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq. Palestine will become another hot-bed of conflict. The international community (mostly Western) backed the Zionist movement which sought to make the territory a homeland for ____________ people, because of the horrors of the ____________________. In 1947, the
_____________________ made a plan to partition the land between the Jews and the Palestinians. The Jewish people were thrilled to have a country of their own. The Palestinians were furious- ALL of that land (they believed), belonged to them & no one had the authority to give it away. The following year, the British removed their troops and Jewish leaders announced the creation of _________________________. Immediately, Arab nations surrounding the country attacked- but were quickly defeated and the Israelis gained even more land, causing many Palestinians to become _________________. An early leader of the country was ______________________, the first woman Prime Minister of Israel. Israel Palestine Conflict - Turn to page 607: The Arab nations of the Middle East were not going to give up. In 1967, they launched a new attack in an attempt to destroy Israel. This was called the Six Day War. Once again the Israelis won, and once again they gained more land. These territories, which included the ___________________, _________________________, the _________________, the ________ Peninsula which belonged to Egypt, and the _________________, which had been part of Syria. Altogether they were called the ___________________________ because since then, the government of Israel has built communities for Jewish people on some of that land, and the other countries believe it’s not fair.. In 1973, the Arabs will try yet again. They attacked on _________________, a very sacred day for Jewish people, but were defeated again. Since the coalition of Arab nations could not destroy Israel & return the land to the Palestinians, the Palestinians decided to take matters into their own hands. Like so many other nationalists, they form an organization called the _______________________________________ (PLO), led by ___________________________. They used terrorist tactics to try to destroy Israeli, including hijacking _________________________ and killing 11 Israeli athletes competing in the ________________________ in 1972. Palestinians also began to fight against the Israelis in the Gaza Strip & West Bank. These uprisings were called ___________________ and included attacking soldiers and ____________________________. After years of fighting the Israeli Prime Minister _________________ , signed the ________________ in 1993, giving Palestinians in the West Bank & Gaza self-rule under a government run by the ________________________. In exchange, the Palestinians recognized Israel’s right to exist and promised to stop _______________ attacks. In 2004, Arafat died and ____________________ took over as leader of the Palestinian Authority. He led the political party called _________________. However a splinter party of the PLO called _____________ (radical Islamists) had control over the Parliament. This led to more violence, not only among the Palestinians, but also with Israel as the radicals broke the promise to stop attacking Israel. So Israel often counter-attacked. Israel also had to deal with yet an another terrorist group camped out in the north called ____________________ which was supported by ______________. When rockets were sent into Israel from Jordan, Israel did not back down and there was a brief war which severely damaged Lebanon.
Map Activity: (pg 608) Locate & Label the Following: Jerusalem Jordan Syria Lebanon Egypt Dead Sea Golan Heights Med. Sea Gaza Strip West Bank
I. India: A. Became a direct colony of GB in 1857 1. Described as “_________________________________________”. B. _______________________________- broken; led to rise in _________ C. The Amritsar Massacre: April 1919 1._____________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________. 3. Result: _______________________________________________. D. Mohandas Gandhi: 1869-1948 1. Hindu, middle class parents, educated in G.B. to be a lawyer 2. ________________________________________; led a ______________________________________________________ 3. Gandhi’s beliefs: a)_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ b)rejected___________________________________________ _____________________ = violence; love of money & discrimination of “non-whites”
4. Methods: _____________________& _______________________ a)___________________________________, b)_________________________________________________, c)_________________________________________________. d)_____________________________________ - particularly cotton; urged Indians to spin their own= _________________ _____________________________________________. 5. Salt Protest of 1930= heavily taxed by the British. Against the law To collect. a)_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. b)_________________________________________________ c)British increased violence against protestors.
E. Limited Self-Rule:
1. Government of India Act of 1935: _________________________ ______________;______________________________________. F. Indian Independence & Partitioning: 1947 1. Created ______________________________________________. 2. Conflict grew between: a)_________________________________________________ ____________________ 3. Result: a)Creation of _______________________________________ (________________________); demanded a ____________ _____________________ b)Gandhi agreed - ____________________________________ _________________________________________________ c) _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________. 4. ______________________ elected _________________________ a)supported western __________________________ b)1950 Constitution __________________________________ _________________________ c)policy of __________________________________________ 5. _________________ : (Nehru’s daughter) a)_________________ (1966-77 & 1980-84) b)Closer ties with ___________________ c)Developed ________________________________________ d)Assassinated in 1984: ~ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ ~ Killed government officials ~Gandhi ordered army________________________________ _________________________________________________; ____________________________________________ ~2 months later, Gandhi’s body guards assassinated her (both were Sikhs)
G. Major border dispute between India & Pakistan over region of Kashmir
II. Pakistan & Bangladesh: A. Originally: 1. ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________(became _________________ in 1971) B. Bangladesh: 1. Has highest ____________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ C. Pakistan: 1. 1977 __________________________________________________ 2. 1988 popular support forced elections- result: a)elected ________________________- __________________ _________________________________________________ b)important US ally in war against ________________ & ___________ d)strained relationship with US _________________________
Africa I. Nationalism: A. ______________________________________________________________ __ B. Turning point after WWII 1. Europeans promised “self-determination” 2. Pan-African movement spread from N. American & Caribbean Islands to Africa- goal was equality for black people worldwide C. West Africa- mostly peaceful move to independence 1. Algeria – ____________________________________________________
D. Rwanda Genocide 1. French w/drew; ______________________________________________ 2. 1994: ______________________________________________________
II. The British Colonies: A. Ghana (Gold Coast) 1. ____________________________________________with a democratic gov’t in 1957 a)led by __________________- strategy was civil disobedience (i.e. strikes, boycotts etc)
B. Kenya: 1.inspired by Ghana 2.white settlers resisted reform- result: a)Mau Mau- _____________________________________________ - British retaliated & killed +11,500 Africans b)gained independence in 1964 with a democratic gov’t c)1st black president – _____________________________________
III. South Africa: A. British Dominion created in 1910 from 2 British & 2 Boer territories B. White-ruled with strict policy ______________________(___________) adopted in 1948:
1.______________________________________________________ C. __________________________(1950)- led movement against apartheid: 1. 1st used civil disobedience but brutal repression led to violent reactions (_______________) 2. ANC banned & its leader, ____________________, jailed for 20 years 3. 1980’s worldwide protest & economic sanctions against S. Africa forced the gov’t to relax apartheid policies 4. 1989, F. W. de Klerk ended apartheid & ________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
South Africa
Same As the Rest Of Africa
Different From the Rest of Africa
*White Control *Racism *Development of African *Nationalist Groups
*Self Rule for Long Period *Industrialized *Apartheid
Problems New Africans Nations Faced Political *Inexperienced Leaders *Military Coups *Corruption & Mismanagement
Ethnic *Civil Wars *Ethnic Tensions
Economic *Only 1 or 2 Major Export *No balance between Industry & Agriculture
Environmental *Pop. Growth *Land Overuse *Drought *Desertification *Starvation *Epidemic Viruses
Political
Ethnic
Economic
Environmental
*______________
*________________
*______________
*_________________
______________
_________________
_______________
*_________________
*_____________
*________________
*______________
*_________________
______________
_________________
_______________
*_________________
*_____________
*_________________
_____________
*_________________
C19S4 & C20S3: North Africa & the Middle East I. Independence: A. Most Arab states gained independence from European colonial powers _______________________. ~Exception= ________& __________________ B. Pan-Arabism = movement by newly independent Arab states to build alliances among themselves. Result _____________________________. C. Egypt: 1. 1948-49 war with Israel _____________________________; very anti-western a)built up Egypt’s military with _________________________ b)US w/drew aid for Aswan Dam-_______________________ _________________________________________________ c)Suez Crisis -_______________________________________. UN (led by US) called for their withdrawal. Result: ~__________________________________________________ ~__________________________________________________ D. Turkey: ________________; member _________________________ E. Iran: ____________________________which resulted in resentment. 1. 1951: est. close ties with the Soviet 2. 1953: US supported a coup that overthrew Mosaddeq & replaced him with Shah Pahlavi; Increased anti-western feelings F. Palestine: 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. After WWII, _________________________________________ Arabs (Muslim) 3. 1947- _______________________________________________ 4. UN partitioned Palestine & placed Jerusalem under UN administration. 5. May 14, 1948, PM ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Within 24 hours, ________________________________________, but were defeated. Result:=______________________________,
but Jerusalem remained divided & _________________________ ______________________________________________________.
Conflicts in the Middle East I. Arab-Israeli Conflict: A. 1948 – Israel created; Arab nations attacked; failed B. The Six-Day War (1967) 1. _______________ & ___________ 2. Result: The Occupied Territories a)Israel tripled its land holdings to include: ~______________, ~_______________, ~__________________, ~_____________________. & ~ ____________________ b)________ created by ______________= goal is to use armed struggle to_____________________________. c)United Nations requests Israel to withdraw & Arab states to recognize Israel’s right to exist- both refused conflicts continued. C. 1973: Yom Kippur War (Strike #3) 1. ___________ of Egypt & ____________ attack Israel. 2. US sent military aid to Israel 3. US Sec. of State _____________negotiated a cease-fire. 4. Results: a)Arab nations ( _________) imposed an ___________against ___________________-___________________. Lasted until 1974. D. The Camp David Accords: 1. 1978, ______________ agreed to meet with ____________at Camp David, MD to negotiate a peace settlement 2. Results:
a)Egypt agreed to recognize Israel & Israel returned the Sinai Pen. E. The Palestinians vs Israel: 1. 1987- 1st Intifada began. Israel began building settlements in the occupied territories. Groups of angry Palestinians (Hamas) staged an uprising that led to strikes & terrorists attacks - continues today. 2. 1993: ____________ & _______ agreed to recognize the other & _____________________________ for Palestinians in the “________________________________ (________________ & ______________________) 3. 1996: Palestinians elect their _____________ - _______________ 4. 2000 - 2nd Intifada began: a)Palestinians demand that ____________________________ ________________- would have given the Muslims a majority & ____________ 5. 2003 – Due to __________________, the Israel gov’t began building a “______________________” along the border. Result was protest by______________________ who are ____________” from jobs, fields etc. 6. 2004: _____________________ 7. 2006: Palestinians elect ___________________ as their new gov’t ~ US & West declare _________________________________ _________________________________________________ ~ ______________ & other “____________________” nations Promised to _____________________________________ ________________________________________________. F. 1994: __________________ & ______________ signed declaration ending state of war that began in 1948; negotiations over ____________________are still unresolved. II. Lebanon: A. 1975: civil war broke out between _____________________ (sided with __________________) & _______________ over the presence of _____ __________ in Lebanon. B. _______________ attacked ______ bases in ______________________Lebanon’s government requested aid from _______________________
C. _____ sent in ____________________ ; _____ agreed to leave, but fighting continued between Lebanese factions. 1. 1982: _______________________ in Beirut attacked by __________________ killing __________________________ __________________________________________________ D. Cedar Revolution: 1. 2005 Elections, __________ accused of _____________________ 2. National & international reaction forced _____________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Lebanon today- _____________________-- but gov’t has stabilized as Muslims gain recognition in the legislature. Problems with ____________ (____________________________________ ____________________________________________________) remain.
The Middle East cont.
I. Iranian Conservative Revolution: A. ___________________________________________________________ B. Leader: __________________________________- restored to power with help from the US in 1953 1. ___________________________built on oil profit 2. _____________________________________- opposed to Shah’s western relationships 3. Shah’s brutal dictatorship caused unrest. C. Revolution of 1979: 1. Led by ____________________________ a)most popular- ___________________________________who was exiled in1964.
2. Shah forced to leave Iran (_______________________________ _______________________________) 3. _______________________- Ayatollah Khomeini imposed strict rules 4. Khomeini demanded ____________________________________
______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________. US refused.
5. November 4,1979: _____________________________________ __________________________in Tehran; __________________ ______________________________________________________ until Jan. 1981= day ______________was sworn in as President. 6. Shah moved to Egypt & died in 1980 D. Sept. 1980: _________________________. _________________when UN finally negotiated a cease-fire. (1st documented incident of Iraq’s use of poison gas) E.______________________________; Ayatollah Ali Khamenei became the Supreme Leader._________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________.
II. Iraq: A. Leader was _____________________& Ba’ath Party- _______________ ________________________________since 1979 B. 1980 war with Iran left Iraq near economic ruin> ___________________ to increase oil revenues.
1. Claim #1: ________________________“___________________” & ____________________________________________________. 2. Claim #2: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. C. Saudi Arabia- _____________________________________________ & Requested____________________________. D. US __________________ + ___________________________________ initiate ____________________________________________________: 1. Send _________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________ 3. Demanded ________________________________- set a deadline E. Saddam Hussein promised to comply IF __________________________ ______________________________________________________; also ___________________________________________________________. F. Jan 1991: _________________________; __________________became ________________________- Coalition __________________________ followed by ________________________________________________ (________________________________________________________) 1. Iraqi troops ___________________________________& withdrew G. Iraqi’s in North & South revolted; lacked international support & failed (__________________________________________________________) H. _____________________________________________________& ___________________________________________________________ - Hussein __________________________________________________. I. 2003: 1. US _____________________(jr) pressured UN for war resolution; _____________. Result =_________________________________ ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________. 2. Saddam Hussein & sons went into hiding. _______________& __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________.
J. Jan. 30, 2005: _____________________________________ since 1953 K. Dec. 2011: US w/drew combat troops
III. Afghanistan: A. Has had 11 rulers in the 20th century 1. 1973 King Zahir Shah, overthrown by brother-inlaw Sardar Mohammed Daoud 2. 1979: Daoud & family assassinated by communists. 3. Dec. 24, 1979 Soviet Union invaded- led to 10 years of fighting. B. 1989: _________________________________;_________________. Result= _________________________________________________ 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. Gave ________________________________permission to use Afghanistan as_______________________________________; especially _____________________ & ___________________ C. 2001: ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________. 1. ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________; Taliban refused. Result= _______________________________________________ D. _____, _______ & _____ troops currently occupied Afghanistan to ____ __________________________________________________________. 1. Afghanistan remains very poor a)_____ % of population earns -$___________/day
b)Infant mortality rate is _____/1000 births c)severe shortages in health care, food, clothing, housing, education (36% literacy rate) E. 2009: ________________________- _______________________ F. 2014: ________________________________________________
Terrorism Map Activity
Name:_____________________________ Date:__________________Pd:_________
Directions: Terrorists organizations are currently active in various regions of the world. For each of the following, identify their objective (what it is they are fighting for), and then locate the region(s) of the map where they are active. Each terrorist organization should be a different color. Organization
Objective
Location (color on Map)
Al Shabaab (al-Qaeda subsidiary) ______________________________________________________________________________ Hamas ______________________________________________________________________________ Hezbollah ______________________________________________________________________________ ISIS ______________________________________________________________________________ Boko Haram (al-Qaeda subsidiary) ______________________________________________________________________________ Al-Qaeda ______________________________________________________________________________ *Al-Qaeda is the most diversified of the groups so locate the others on the map FIRST. Resources: http://archive.adl.org/search-results.html?ie=UTF-8&q=hamas&x=0&y=0 http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/al_qaida.html http://www.bustle.com/articles/38192-what-does-isis-want-exactly-the-terrorists-statedgoal-has-been-made-clear http://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/880818a.htm
http://archive.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/al_shabaab.html http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140507-boko-haram-nigeria-borno-statemaiduguri-mohammed-yusuf-abubukar-shekau-goodluck-jonathan-world/ http://www.cfr.org/somalia/al-shabab/p18650 II. Time Line: For each of the events listed below, find the date and then create a time line putting all the events in chronological order. Indian Independence Creation of Pakistan Creation of Bangladesh Independence of Algeria Independence of Ghana Independence of Kenya End of Apartheid Creation of Israel Creation of the Palestinian Authority Iranian Hostage Crisis Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait Desert Storm US invasion of Afghanistan Operation Iraqi Freedom Al-Qaeda attack on US (9/11)
World History II C15, 19, 20 Test I. Terms to Know: 1. PLO 2. Hamas 3. MauMau 4. Hezbollah 5. Taliban 6. Apartheid 7. Civil Disobedience 8. Insurgents 9. Zionism 10. OPEC III. Map: be able to find Kenya S. Africa Rwanda Egypt Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Lebanon India Pakistan Afghanistan Bangladesh
Name:___________________________________ Date:_________________________Pd:_____ II. People to Know: 11. Nelson Mandela 12. Anwar Sadat 13. Yasser Arafat 14. Menachem Begin 15. Colonel Nasser 16. Saddam Hussein 17. Jomo Kenyatta 18. Reza Shah Pahlavi 19. Kemal Ataturk 20. Mohandas Gandhi
21.Golda Meir 22. Indira Gandhi 23. Nehru 24. Osama bin Laden 25. Ayatollah Khomeini
IV. Concepts to Know: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
What tactics did Gandhi use? What 3 countries were created out of the colony India Who was the 1st woman to be elected as president of a Muslim country. Which country has the highest population density? Why type of government did MOST modern African nations create after independence. In which year did the largest number of Africa nations become independent? In which African nation were 500,000 Tutsi massacred by the Hutu? What problems did MOST African nations have after becoming independent? In which African country are Arab militias terrorizing Non-Arab villagers, burning their homes, killing the people & forcing them off their lands? 10. Who/What decided that to end the conflict between Palestinians & Jewish immigrants, the land would be partitioned between the two (i.e. who created Israel?) 11. Which nation did Egypt, Jordan , & Syria attack in the Six Day War (1967)? 12. What territories did Israel gain in 1967 (aka the Occupied Territories)? 13. What did the Arab nations do to those countries that allied with Israel during the Six Day war out of retribution? 14. What was decided/agreed in the Camp David Accords? 15. What were the terms of the Oslo Accords? 16. Which territories are still in dispute between Israel & the Palestinians? 17. In which country did the PLO cause a 15 year civil war between Christians & Muslims? 18. In which country did a 1979 revolution result in the creation of a theocracy? 19. Why did the Iranians attack the US embassy in Tehran & hold the occupants hostage for 444 days? 20. Which country took advantage of Iran’s internal problems and started a 7 year war ? 21. Which country was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979 which resulted in 10 years of fighting the Soviets & then 5 years of civil war? 22. Why did the US, NATO & the UN attack Afghanistan & overthrow the government? 23. Which ME country was the MOST conservative, traditional Islamic rule? 24. Which country did the US help overthrow the democratically elected PM & replace him with a king? 25. Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal? 26. Which ME country became a role model for the Pan-Arab mov’t
Chinworth 4th & 6th
Day 1: Friday, April 20: • Cold War Test • Assignment #1 Day 2: Tues, April 24 • Review Cold War Test • Turn in Assignment #1 • L/N/D/Q India • Assignment #2 Day 3: Thurs, April 26 • Review & Quiz - Decolonization India • Turn in Assignment #2 • L/N/D/Q Africa • Assignment #3 • SOL Review Day 4: Monday, April 30 • Review & Quiz Decolonization Africa • Turn in Assignment #4 ~L/N/D/Q: The Modern Middle East ~SOL Practice Test Day 5th: Wednesday, May 2 • Review & Test – Decolonization/Modernization & Terrorism Friday, May 4 – SOL Review
*****Tuesday, May 8 – SOL *****
*All of this is Subject to Change Depending on SOL Testing!
Decolonization Assignment #1 T9S3 & T12S1:India
Name:______________________________ Date:___________________Pd:_________
Key Vocabulary: Mohandas Gandhi untouchable Kashmir Bangladesh
Amritsar massacre boycott Jawaharlal Nehru nonalignment
ahimsa partition Indira Gandhi Pakistan
civil disobedience Sikh Punjab Afghanistan
Directions: Read pgs. 437-440 India was once a dependent colony of __________________ and the people of India had for some time worked to gain self-rule (much like Ireland). This nationalist movement will once again turn violent when a unit of British soldiers shot into a group of peaceful protestors. This event was called the ___________________________. As a result, the movement will call for total independence. The party that led the nationalist movement was called the __________________________________ and was led by ______________________________________. He had been educated in Great Britain and had worked as a lawyer in South Africa, fighting against laws that ______________________________. When World War I broke out in Europe, he returned to India. Gandhi was a _______________ so he did not believe in violence. So he adopted two strategies that will be used by activists around the world (including Martin Luther King Jr.). The first was the refusal to obey laws that were unfair; which is called ________________________. Because he believed that all people should be treated as equals, he worked to end discrimination against those in the lowest Hindu caste called ___________________________. Another tactic Gandhi will use was the refusal to buy any products made in Great Britain and imported to Indiathis is called a ________________________ (MLK will call for the same thing during the civil rights movement when he asked people not to use the busses in Montgomery, Alabama). In particular, he warned Indians not to buy British made _____________________. Instead, to set an example, Gandhi would spin his own cloth. As a result, the spinning wheel was added to the Indian flag after independence was granted. Gandhi’s most famous protest was in 1930, when he called on Indians to boycott __________, which the British had a monopoly on and taxed very heavily. Starting in March, Gandhi and his followers began a ______ mile march to the ocean where they intended to collect their own salt (a violation of the law). By April, thousands had joined him. As the Salt March gained international attention, the British were forced to give in to some of the demands of the National Congress. However, India will not gain Independence until after __________________.
Topic 12, Lesson 1: Turn to page 578-583 Following WWII, two events will develop. First was the Cold War and the second was the independence movement of European colonies. Because of the Cold War, both the US and its allies and the Soviet Union will compete for influence in these newly independent nations in Africa and Asia. India was a prime example. Following the war, India will press for independence. However, with independence came a new problem. The majority of the population of India practiced the religion of _________________, but there was also a sizable minority population that practiced ___________________. They worried that if the British left India, the majority would begin to discriminate against people of the minority religion. The group that wanted a separate country, for the Muslims was called the ____________________ and was led by ______________________. The country they wanted for themselves would be called _______________________, which would be created from those parts of India where Muslims were the majority. When Great Britain decided to grant independence, they also made the decision to divide, or ___________________ the region to create two countries, the Hindu majority ____________, and the Muslim majority _____________________. Once the borders of the new countries were created, people in the opposite country scrambled to move. As a result of the mass migration of _______________ million people, _______ million people of both religions were killed. Conflict over the region of ______________ has since cause several wars. Since independence, India began to develop _____________ weapons. Because this was during the Cold War, their neighbors in Pakistan felt they needed them as well. By _______ both countries will be nuclear powers. The first prime minister of India was ______________________, who ruled from 1947- _____. His biggest challenges were to increase the standard of living for Indians, but this was hindered by a growing _____________________ (2nd largest in the world). He also struggled to end discrimination against ________________ or outcastes. In 1966, his daughter, _____________became the first women to be elected prime minister of India. In 1984, a Hindu sect called _____________ demanded their own country in the Indian state of ____________________ where the _______________________ was located, their most sacred shrine. When the Sikhs took over the shrine & demanded independence, Indira Gandhi sent in troops to end the occupation. Due to the number of people killed and the damage done to the temple, a few months later, Indira Gandhi’s bodyguards ______________________ her. When India & Pakistan were created in 1947, Pakistan was a ______________ nation with India in between. This didn’t work well, so in _________, East Pakistan declared its independence &
renamed the country ______________________. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 resulted in millions of refugees flooding into Pakistan. This led to an increase in Islamic fundamentalism. When the Soviets left Afghanistan, the refugees went back and the Pakistani government supported the Afghanistan’s _______________government as well as the terrorist group ________________ out of resent of the US’s interference in the Middle East & Pakistan. Bangladesh is one of the ____________ and crowded countries in the world (highest number of people per square mile). It also has to deal with seasonal rains called monsoons that frequently flood the country. In 1955, both India & Pakistan decided not to get involved in the Cold War. This policy was called __________________________ or political & diplomatic independence from the super powers. And while India was part of this movement, it did create closer ties with the Soviet Union (out of defiance to Great Britain’s colonialism).
Map Activity: Use Pg. 581 Locate & Label the Following India Pakistan (West Pakistan) Afghanistan Sri Lan Kashmir (circle it & color it RED) 1.Color those areas where Hindus are a majority Yellow 2.Color those areas where Muslims are a majority Green
Bangladesh (East Pakistan)
Decolonization/Modernization T12L2Assignment #2: Africa
Name:_________________________ Date:___________________Pd:____
Key Vocabulary: Kwame Nkrumah Islamist Tutsis Nelson Mandela
Jomo Kenyatta Katanga Darfur
coup d’etat Biafra Rwanda
Mobutu Sese Seko Hutus apartheid
Read pages 589- top of 593 complete the study guide below. Following World War II, European powers faced extreme financial troubles. As a result, many, particularly France and Great Britain found they had to reduce the size of their overseas empires in Africa and the Middle East. After WWII, the independence movement in Africa accelerated. One of the biggest problems native Africans had to overcome was creating nations with borders that did not match ethnic divisions. When the Europeans claimed regions, they drew boundaries without considering the different groups that lived within them. Once the Europeans were gone, many conflicts erupted between differing people now forced into one country. A second major obstacle for these new countries was a lack of democratic experience; as a result, a large number of African nations were ruled by ______________________ who only looked out for themselves. More than half the countries had to deal with _____________________________, or the forcible overthrow of a government by the army. A third challenge these countries faced were the competing interests of the superpowers. Both the ______________ and the ___________________ tried to develop strategic and military alliances among African nations. In West Africa, the transition to independence was for the most part, peaceful. The first subSaharan African nation to gain independence after WWII was _________________ in 1957. Their first president was ____________________. One of the most violent independence movements was in _____________. Large numbers of British citizens settled in the country; taking the best farmland. The ethnic majority were called _________________. The leader of the native people was _______________________ who, at first tried Gandhi’s methods of non-violence to gain more rights for the people. That didn’t work, so the movement became more violent. The British will call these guerrillas the __________________. The British government reacted with more and more violence of their own, but that did not stop the movement. Finally in ____________, Kenya gained independence & elected Kenyatta as their first president. But he was not a good president. The first fair elections in Kenya wasn’t until ___________, when Kenyatta’s party was removed from power.
Another very violent independence movement was in _______________ which had belonged to ____________. Like Kenya, a million people had moved to this part of Africa and were afraid that if it were given independence, they would lose their privileges. Algerians wanting independence organized a nationalist group called the _____________________________. As in Kenya peaceful methods didn’t work, they resorted to _________________ tactics. France had just lost their colony in __________________, so they were determined to keep Algeria and the violence escalated. Because the people of France lost their taste for the war, Algeria was granted independence in ___________. Even after European nations withdrew from Africa, problems developed. Because Europeans had lumped people of different ethnic groups into the same country, often bitter civil wars erupted between majority & minority people. The deadliest was in the tiny Central African nation of ________________. There the majority people called ______________ violently rebelled against the minority ________________ who controlled the government. In the early 1990’s ________________ people were butchered and ______ million were driven from their homes. Religious differences also affected African nations. In ____________ the government encouraged Arab militias to attack non-Muslims in the Southern part of the country in a region called __________________, killing, wounding or displacing hundreds of thousands of nonMuslims. Only recently has the fighting ended and only because the country was divided into 2 nations.
Turn to T13L2, pages 629-632 (Start in the red at the top) South Africa was awarded self-rule in ______, however, only the _________ minority enjoyed that freedom. They controlled the __________________ and the ___________________. In order to make sure they stayed in control, they passed very strict laws of racial segregation called _____________________. The African National Congress (ANC) worked for years to end discriminatory laws. As in other parts of the world, they first used peaceful tactics like ______________, marches and strikes. However, just as in Kenya and Algeria, the movement took a violent turn when in 1960, the police shot ______ demonstrators in the town of ___________________. The government will ban the ANC arrest & jail for life the leader _________________________. It won’t be until the _________,when the international pressure will force the government to release Mandela and end policies racial discrimination. In ___________ people of all races were allowed to vote for the first time.
Map Activity: Locate & Label the following on the Maps Above (use pgs. 498,665 & 689) Egypt
South Africa
Rwanda
Kenya Algeria
Sudan
Ghana
Write the Letter A in the country of apartheid. Write the Letter B in the country where the Mau Mau used guerrilla tactics. Write the Letter C in the country were almost 1 million people died because of their ethnicity. Write the Letter D in the first sub-Saharan nation to become independent. Write the Letter E in the country that fought France for Independence. Write the Letter F in the country where the Muslim Brotherhood rejected western culture. Write the Letter G in the country where Muslims ethnically cleansed non-Muslims.
Decolonization/Modernization 12L3/Assignment #3TMiddle East
Name:________________________________ Date:_______________________Pd:_______
Key Vocabulary: Golda Meir Suez Canal theocracy secular Balfour Declaration
Col.Nasser Aswan Dam
Anwar Sadat Israel
Zionist Palestine
Pages 599Following WWI, the Ottoman Empire was dismantled (broken up) and all that was left was _________________________. Anti-colonial feelings were fueled, when many in the Middle East felt the British & French lied to them. They had been promised freedom in exchange for fighting with them against the Ottoman Empire. Instead of independence, the British & French made them into _____________. Cutural boundaries were disregarded as the British publically supported a ________ state in ____________________________, while also promising that same land to the Arab Palestinians. As a result, after WWI, thousands of European Jews moved to the region as part of the _________________ movement, brewing even more resentment among Arab people. Today this land is called ________________. Map Activity: Use page 600 Label: Turkey Palestine Iraq Syria Lebanon TransJordan Egypt Iran Suez Canal (draw it in) Color British Mandates: BLUE Color French Mandates: RED Circle the Mandate that will Become Israel with GREEN
Just like in Africa, sectarian violence will become a major problem in the Middle East. One example was the _____________ who are a minority in Turkey, Syria, Iran and Iraq. Palestine will become another hot-bed of conflict. The international community (mostly Western) backed the Zionist movement which sought to make the territory a homeland for ____________ people, because of the horrors of the ____________________. In 1947, the
_____________________ made a plan to partition the land between the Jews and the Palestinians. The Jewish people were thrilled to have a country of their own. The Palestinians were furious- ALL of that land (they believed), belonged to them & no one had the authority to give it away. The following year, the British removed their troops and Jewish leaders announced the creation of _________________________. Immediately, Arab nations surrounding the country attacked- but were quickly defeated and the Israelis gained even more land, causing many Palestinians to become _________________. An early leader of the country was ______________________, the first woman Prime Minister of Israel. Israel Palestine Conflict - Turn to page 607: The Arab nations of the Middle East were not going to give up. In 1967, they launched a new attack in an attempt to destroy Israel. This was called the Six Day War. Once again the Israelis won, and once again they gained more land. These territories, which included the ___________________, _________________________, the _________________, the ________ Peninsula which belonged to Egypt, and the _________________, which had been part of Syria. Altogether they were called the ___________________________ because since then, the government of Israel has built communities for Jewish people on some of that land, and the other countries believe it’s not fair.. In 1973, the Arabs will try yet again. They attacked on _________________, a very sacred day for Jewish people, but were defeated again. Since the coalition of Arab nations could not destroy Israel & return the land to the Palestinians, the Palestinians decided to take matters into their own hands. Like so many other nationalists, they form an organization called the _______________________________________ (PLO), led by ___________________________. They used terrorist tactics to try to destroy Israeli, including hijacking _________________________ and killing 11 Israeli athletes competing in the ________________________ in 1972. Palestinians also began to fight against the Israelis in the Gaza Strip & West Bank. These uprisings were called ___________________ and included attacking soldiers and ____________________________. After years of fighting the Israeli Prime Minister _________________ , signed the ________________ in 1993, giving Palestinians in the West Bank & Gaza self-rule under a government run by the ________________________. In exchange, the Palestinians recognized Israel’s right to exist and promised to stop _______________ attacks. In 2004, Arafat died and ____________________ took over as leader of the Palestinian Authority. He led the political party called _________________. However a splinter party of the PLO called _____________ (radical Islamists) had control over the Parliament. This led to more violence, not only among the Palestinians, but also with Israel as the radicals broke the promise to stop attacking Israel. So Israel often counter-attacked. Israel also had to deal with yet an another terrorist group camped out in the north called ____________________ which was supported by ______________. When rockets were sent into Israel from Jordan, Israel did not back down and there was a brief war which severely damaged Lebanon.
Map Activity: (pg 608) Locate & Label the Following: Jerusalem Jordan Syria Lebanon Egypt Dead Sea Golan Heights Med. Sea Gaza Strip West Bank
I. India: A. Became a direct colony of GB in 1857 1. Described as “_________________________________________”. B. _______________________________- broken; led to rise in _________ C. The Amritsar Massacre: April 1919 1._____________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________. 3. Result: _______________________________________________. D. Mohandas Gandhi: 1869-1948 1. Hindu, middle class parents, educated in G.B. to be a lawyer 2. ________________________________________; led a ______________________________________________________ 3. Gandhi’s beliefs: a)_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ b)rejected___________________________________________ _____________________ = violence; love of money & discrimination of “non-whites”
4. Methods: _____________________& _______________________ a)___________________________________, b)_________________________________________________, c)_________________________________________________. d)_____________________________________ - particularly cotton; urged Indians to spin their own= _________________ _____________________________________________. 5. Salt Protest of 1930= heavily taxed by the British. Against the law To collect. a)_________________________________________________ _________________________________________________. b)_________________________________________________ c)British increased violence against protestors.
E. Limited Self-Rule:
1. Government of India Act of 1935: _________________________ ______________;______________________________________. F. Indian Independence & Partitioning: 1947 1. Created ______________________________________________. 2. Conflict grew between: a)_________________________________________________ ____________________ 3. Result: a)Creation of _______________________________________ (________________________); demanded a ____________ _____________________ b)Gandhi agreed - ____________________________________ _________________________________________________ c) _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________. 4. ______________________ elected _________________________ a)supported western __________________________ b)1950 Constitution __________________________________ _________________________ c)policy of __________________________________________ 5. _________________ : (Nehru’s daughter) a)_________________ (1966-77 & 1980-84) b)Closer ties with ___________________ c)Developed ________________________________________ d)Assassinated in 1984: ~ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ ~ Killed government officials ~Gandhi ordered army________________________________ _________________________________________________; ____________________________________________ ~2 months later, Gandhi’s body guards assassinated her (both were Sikhs)
G. Major border dispute between India & Pakistan over region of Kashmir
II. Pakistan & Bangladesh: A. Originally: 1. ______________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________(became _________________ in 1971) B. Bangladesh: 1. Has highest ____________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________ C. Pakistan: 1. 1977 __________________________________________________ 2. 1988 popular support forced elections- result: a)elected ________________________- __________________ _________________________________________________ b)important US ally in war against ________________ & ___________ d)strained relationship with US _________________________
Africa I. Nationalism: A. ______________________________________________________________ __ B. Turning point after WWII 1. Europeans promised “self-determination” 2. Pan-African movement spread from N. American & Caribbean Islands to Africa- goal was equality for black people worldwide C. West Africa- mostly peaceful move to independence 1. Algeria – ____________________________________________________
D. Rwanda Genocide 1. French w/drew; ______________________________________________ 2. 1994: ______________________________________________________
II. The British Colonies: A. Ghana (Gold Coast) 1. ____________________________________________with a democratic gov’t in 1957 a)led by __________________- strategy was civil disobedience (i.e. strikes, boycotts etc)
B. Kenya: 1.inspired by Ghana 2.white settlers resisted reform- result: a)Mau Mau- _____________________________________________ - British retaliated & killed +11,500 Africans b)gained independence in 1964 with a democratic gov’t c)1st black president – _____________________________________
III. South Africa: A. British Dominion created in 1910 from 2 British & 2 Boer territories B. White-ruled with strict policy ______________________(___________) adopted in 1948:
1.______________________________________________________ C. __________________________(1950)- led movement against apartheid: 1. 1st used civil disobedience but brutal repression led to violent reactions (_______________) 2. ANC banned & its leader, ____________________, jailed for 20 years 3. 1980’s worldwide protest & economic sanctions against S. Africa forced the gov’t to relax apartheid policies 4. 1989, F. W. de Klerk ended apartheid & ________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
South Africa
Same As the Rest Of Africa
Different From the Rest of Africa
*White Control *Racism *Development of African *Nationalist Groups
*Self Rule for Long Period *Industrialized *Apartheid
Problems New Africans Nations Faced Political *Inexperienced Leaders *Military Coups *Corruption & Mismanagement
Ethnic *Civil Wars *Ethnic Tensions
Economic *Only 1 or 2 Major Export *No balance between Industry & Agriculture
Environmental *Pop. Growth *Land Overuse *Drought *Desertification *Starvation *Epidemic Viruses
Political
Ethnic
Economic
Environmental
*______________
*________________
*______________
*_________________
______________
_________________
_______________
*_________________
*_____________
*________________
*______________
*_________________
______________
_________________
_______________
*_________________
*_____________
*_________________
_____________
*_________________
C19S4 & C20S3: North Africa & the Middle East I. Independence: A. Most Arab states gained independence from European colonial powers _______________________. ~Exception= ________& __________________ B. Pan-Arabism = movement by newly independent Arab states to build alliances among themselves. Result _____________________________. C. Egypt: 1. 1948-49 war with Israel _____________________________; very anti-western a)built up Egypt’s military with _________________________ b)US w/drew aid for Aswan Dam-_______________________ _________________________________________________ c)Suez Crisis -_______________________________________. UN (led by US) called for their withdrawal. Result: ~__________________________________________________ ~__________________________________________________ D. Turkey: ________________; member _________________________ E. Iran: ____________________________which resulted in resentment. 1. 1951: est. close ties with the Soviet 2. 1953: US supported a coup that overthrew Mosaddeq & replaced him with Shah Pahlavi; Increased anti-western feelings F. Palestine: 1. ____________________________________________________ 2. After WWII, _________________________________________ Arabs (Muslim) 3. 1947- _______________________________________________ 4. UN partitioned Palestine & placed Jerusalem under UN administration. 5. May 14, 1948, PM ______________________________________ ______________________________________________________. Within 24 hours, ________________________________________, but were defeated. Result:=______________________________,
but Jerusalem remained divided & _________________________ ______________________________________________________.
Conflicts in the Middle East I. Arab-Israeli Conflict: A. 1948 – Israel created; Arab nations attacked; failed B. The Six-Day War (1967) 1. _______________ & ___________ 2. Result: The Occupied Territories a)Israel tripled its land holdings to include: ~______________, ~_______________, ~__________________, ~_____________________. & ~ ____________________ b)________ created by ______________= goal is to use armed struggle to_____________________________. c)United Nations requests Israel to withdraw & Arab states to recognize Israel’s right to exist- both refused conflicts continued. C. 1973: Yom Kippur War (Strike #3) 1. ___________ of Egypt & ____________ attack Israel. 2. US sent military aid to Israel 3. US Sec. of State _____________negotiated a cease-fire. 4. Results: a)Arab nations ( _________) imposed an ___________against ___________________-___________________. Lasted until 1974. D. The Camp David Accords: 1. 1978, ______________ agreed to meet with ____________at Camp David, MD to negotiate a peace settlement 2. Results:
a)Egypt agreed to recognize Israel & Israel returned the Sinai Pen. E. The Palestinians vs Israel: 1. 1987- 1st Intifada began. Israel began building settlements in the occupied territories. Groups of angry Palestinians (Hamas) staged an uprising that led to strikes & terrorists attacks - continues today. 2. 1993: ____________ & _______ agreed to recognize the other & _____________________________ for Palestinians in the “________________________________ (________________ & ______________________) 3. 1996: Palestinians elect their _____________ - _______________ 4. 2000 - 2nd Intifada began: a)Palestinians demand that ____________________________ ________________- would have given the Muslims a majority & ____________ 5. 2003 – Due to __________________, the Israel gov’t began building a “______________________” along the border. Result was protest by______________________ who are ____________” from jobs, fields etc. 6. 2004: _____________________ 7. 2006: Palestinians elect ___________________ as their new gov’t ~ US & West declare _________________________________ _________________________________________________ ~ ______________ & other “____________________” nations Promised to _____________________________________ ________________________________________________. F. 1994: __________________ & ______________ signed declaration ending state of war that began in 1948; negotiations over ____________________are still unresolved. II. Lebanon: A. 1975: civil war broke out between _____________________ (sided with __________________) & _______________ over the presence of _____ __________ in Lebanon. B. _______________ attacked ______ bases in ______________________Lebanon’s government requested aid from _______________________
C. _____ sent in ____________________ ; _____ agreed to leave, but fighting continued between Lebanese factions. 1. 1982: _______________________ in Beirut attacked by __________________ killing __________________________ __________________________________________________ D. Cedar Revolution: 1. 2005 Elections, __________ accused of _____________________ 2. National & international reaction forced _____________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. Lebanon today- _____________________-- but gov’t has stabilized as Muslims gain recognition in the legislature. Problems with ____________ (____________________________________ ____________________________________________________) remain.
The Middle East cont.
I. Iranian Conservative Revolution: A. ___________________________________________________________ B. Leader: __________________________________- restored to power with help from the US in 1953 1. ___________________________built on oil profit 2. _____________________________________- opposed to Shah’s western relationships 3. Shah’s brutal dictatorship caused unrest. C. Revolution of 1979: 1. Led by ____________________________ a)most popular- ___________________________________who was exiled in1964.
2. Shah forced to leave Iran (_______________________________ _______________________________) 3. _______________________- Ayatollah Khomeini imposed strict rules 4. Khomeini demanded ____________________________________
______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________. US refused.
5. November 4,1979: _____________________________________ __________________________in Tehran; __________________ ______________________________________________________ until Jan. 1981= day ______________was sworn in as President. 6. Shah moved to Egypt & died in 1980 D. Sept. 1980: _________________________. _________________when UN finally negotiated a cease-fire. (1st documented incident of Iraq’s use of poison gas) E.______________________________; Ayatollah Ali Khamenei became the Supreme Leader._________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________.
II. Iraq: A. Leader was _____________________& Ba’ath Party- _______________ ________________________________since 1979 B. 1980 war with Iran left Iraq near economic ruin> ___________________ to increase oil revenues.
1. Claim #1: ________________________“___________________” & ____________________________________________________. 2. Claim #2: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________. C. Saudi Arabia- _____________________________________________ & Requested____________________________. D. US __________________ + ___________________________________ initiate ____________________________________________________: 1. Send _________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________ 3. Demanded ________________________________- set a deadline E. Saddam Hussein promised to comply IF __________________________ ______________________________________________________; also ___________________________________________________________. F. Jan 1991: _________________________; __________________became ________________________- Coalition __________________________ followed by ________________________________________________ (________________________________________________________) 1. Iraqi troops ___________________________________& withdrew G. Iraqi’s in North & South revolted; lacked international support & failed (__________________________________________________________) H. _____________________________________________________& ___________________________________________________________ - Hussein __________________________________________________. I. 2003: 1. US _____________________(jr) pressured UN for war resolution; _____________. Result =_________________________________ ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________. 2. Saddam Hussein & sons went into hiding. _______________& __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________.
J. Jan. 30, 2005: _____________________________________ since 1953 K. Dec. 2011: US w/drew combat troops
III. Afghanistan: A. Has had 11 rulers in the 20th century 1. 1973 King Zahir Shah, overthrown by brother-inlaw Sardar Mohammed Daoud 2. 1979: Daoud & family assassinated by communists. 3. Dec. 24, 1979 Soviet Union invaded- led to 10 years of fighting. B. 1989: _________________________________;_________________. Result= _________________________________________________ 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. Gave ________________________________permission to use Afghanistan as_______________________________________; especially _____________________ & ___________________ C. 2001: ____________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________. 1. ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________; Taliban refused. Result= _______________________________________________ D. _____, _______ & _____ troops currently occupied Afghanistan to ____ __________________________________________________________. 1. Afghanistan remains very poor a)_____ % of population earns -$___________/day
b)Infant mortality rate is _____/1000 births c)severe shortages in health care, food, clothing, housing, education (36% literacy rate) E. 2009: ________________________- _______________________ F. 2014: ________________________________________________
Terrorism Map Activity
Name:_____________________________ Date:__________________Pd:_________
Directions: Terrorists organizations are currently active in various regions of the world. For each of the following, identify their objective (what it is they are fighting for), and then locate the region(s) of the map where they are active. Each terrorist organization should be a different color. Organization
Objective
Location (color on Map)
Al Shabaab (al-Qaeda subsidiary) ______________________________________________________________________________ Hamas ______________________________________________________________________________ Hezbollah ______________________________________________________________________________ ISIS ______________________________________________________________________________ Boko Haram (al-Qaeda subsidiary) ______________________________________________________________________________ Al-Qaeda ______________________________________________________________________________ *Al-Qaeda is the most diversified of the groups so locate the others on the map FIRST. Resources: http://archive.adl.org/search-results.html?ie=UTF-8&q=hamas&x=0&y=0 http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/al_qaida.html http://www.bustle.com/articles/38192-what-does-isis-want-exactly-the-terrorists-statedgoal-has-been-made-clear http://fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/880818a.htm
http://archive.adl.org/terrorism/symbols/al_shabaab.html http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/05/140507-boko-haram-nigeria-borno-statemaiduguri-mohammed-yusuf-abubukar-shekau-goodluck-jonathan-world/ http://www.cfr.org/somalia/al-shabab/p18650 II. Time Line: For each of the events listed below, find the date and then create a time line putting all the events in chronological order. Indian Independence Creation of Pakistan Creation of Bangladesh Independence of Algeria Independence of Ghana Independence of Kenya End of Apartheid Creation of Israel Creation of the Palestinian Authority Iranian Hostage Crisis Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait Desert Storm US invasion of Afghanistan Operation Iraqi Freedom Al-Qaeda attack on US (9/11)
World History II C15, 19, 20 Test I. Terms to Know: 1. PLO 2. Hamas 3. MauMau 4. Hezbollah 5. Taliban 6. Apartheid 7. Civil Disobedience 8. Insurgents 9. Zionism 10. OPEC III. Map: be able to find Kenya S. Africa Rwanda Egypt Iran Iraq Israel Kuwait Lebanon India Pakistan Afghanistan Bangladesh
Name:___________________________________ Date:_________________________Pd:_____ II. People to Know: 11. Nelson Mandela 12. Anwar Sadat 13. Yasser Arafat 14. Menachem Begin 15. Colonel Nasser 16. Saddam Hussein 17. Jomo Kenyatta 18. Reza Shah Pahlavi 19. Kemal Ataturk 20. Mohandas Gandhi
21.Golda Meir 22. Indira Gandhi 23. Nehru 24. Osama bin Laden 25. Ayatollah Khomeini
IV. Concepts to Know: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
What tactics did Gandhi use? What 3 countries were created out of the colony India Who was the 1st woman to be elected as president of a Muslim country. Which country has the highest population density? Why type of government did MOST modern African nations create after independence. In which year did the largest number of Africa nations become independent? In which African nation were 500,000 Tutsi massacred by the Hutu? What problems did MOST African nations have after becoming independent? In which African country are Arab militias terrorizing Non-Arab villagers, burning their homes, killing the people & forcing them off their lands? 10. Who/What decided that to end the conflict between Palestinians & Jewish immigrants, the land would be partitioned between the two (i.e. who created Israel?) 11. Which nation did Egypt, Jordan , & Syria attack in the Six Day War (1967)? 12. What territories did Israel gain in 1967 (aka the Occupied Territories)? 13. What did the Arab nations do to those countries that allied with Israel during the Six Day war out of retribution? 14. What was decided/agreed in the Camp David Accords? 15. What were the terms of the Oslo Accords? 16. Which territories are still in dispute between Israel & the Palestinians? 17. In which country did the PLO cause a 15 year civil war between Christians & Muslims? 18. In which country did a 1979 revolution result in the creation of a theocracy? 19. Why did the Iranians attack the US embassy in Tehran & hold the occupants hostage for 444 days? 20. Which country took advantage of Iran’s internal problems and started a 7 year war ? 21. Which country was invaded by the Soviet Union in 1979 which resulted in 10 years of fighting the Soviets & then 5 years of civil war? 22. Why did the US, NATO & the UN attack Afghanistan & overthrow the government? 23. Which ME country was the MOST conservative, traditional Islamic rule? 24. Which country did the US help overthrow the democratically elected PM & replace him with a king? 25. Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal? 26. Which ME country became a role model for the Pan-Arab mov’t
