Sustainable Dredged Material Management? Tools and ...
Sustainable Dredged Material Management? Tools and Approaches for Developing Integrated Sediment Strategies Sabine E. Apitz SEA Environmental Decisions, Ltd. 1 South Cottages, The Ford; Little Hadham, Herts, SG11 2AT, UK; +44 (0)1279 771890; [email protected] SEA Environmental Decisions ©SEA © 2012 Environmental Sabine E Apitz Decisions, Ltd, 2012
T ra n s fo rm in fo rm a tio n in to a c tio n
Transform information into action…
Pathways for contaminated sediment impact in a typical EcoRA Conceptual Model
Sediment itself, onAllthe complete other hand, cannotexposure be pathways treated as a typical have the potential to stressor – it has both cause desirable and undesirable negative effects roles in ecosystems © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Sediment as Habitat: Sediment organisms play critical roles in ecosystem functioning fluorescent SPI
Animal burrows
5 mm
O2 imaging pH imaging
O2 imaging
5 mm
Benthic photosynthsis
www.cobo.org.uk
Sediment balance also essential. Sediment lack affects coastal and land defence...
From van Baars, 2004
Source: The Benefits of Using Dredged Material in Aquatic Systems, Lindsay Murray, Cefas, UK, SedNet, Venice November 2006
...but sediment excess creates other problems, whether deposited or suspended
From Sediment Matters, Atkins Ltd, 2009
Landscape use and biophysical conditions define sediment status; sediment role depends upon endpoint under consideration
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Fine-grained sediment pathways: Biotic endpoints
Fine-Grained Soil/ Sediment
Fisheries Salmonids/ cyprinids
Fine Bed
Column Feeding Fish
Coarse Bed
Bottom Feeding Fish
Water Column Estuaries
Invertebrates Coarse Bed
Upland Floodplain
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Diatoms Coarse Bed
Stabilization/ Habitat maintenance
Diatoms Fine Bed
Wetlands
Macrophytes Coarse Bed
Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs
Macrophytes Fine Bed
River and Nav Channel/Bank
1˚ Production
Invertebrates Fine Bed
Mudflats Coastal Floodplain
Supporting/ Regulating
Waterfowl
Provisioning/ game
Cultural/ Recreation
Pathways for abiotic endpoints – fine-grained sediment Water Quality
Provisioning/ Water
Fine Bed Coarse Bed
Water Conveyance and Storage
Regulating/ flood Control; stabilization
Sediment-Ecosystem Regional Assessment (SEcoRA) is the process of characterising these complex interactions to inform decisions Water Column Estuaries
Fine-Grained Soil/ Sediment
In Water/ Bank Structures
Mudflats
Coastal Floodplain
Upland Floodplain
Resource access/ Transport
Navigation
Flood Defence/ Coastal Defence
Regulating/ Waste Control
Buried Contaminants, Artefacts, Stratigraphy, Fossils
Cultural/ Archival
Wetlands Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs River and Nav Channel/Bank © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
We manage the landscape (on land and in water) to optimize chosen ecosystem services...
This must be Ultimately, this affects the viability assessed and sustainability of a variety ofand aquatic ecosystem services managed in a spatially explicit This affects the status of water, soils andmanner sediments at sites and in downstream systems... From S E Apitz (submitted) Beyond Habitat: Conceptualising the role of sediment in sustaining ecosystem services
Watershed image from Natural Resources Conservation Service
Management of River Basin Objectives Requires Evaluation at the catchment, reach and field scale
hierarchical patch Catchment dynamics paradigm (HPDP)* approaches can be used to address multi-scale interactions
Adapted from *Colnar, A.M. and Landis, W.G., 2007.
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
The Sediment Regional Risk Model is a systematic framework for addressing the multi-scale interactions between land and water management and their impacts on ecological and socioeconomic endpoints in watersheds
The model can either rank current risk pathways or predict the effects of changes in management practices © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Both intrinsic landscape properties and management activities (service use practices) affect sediment status
Navigation is a source of impact, a driver of exposure, as well as an endpoint impacted by other activities
Non-agricultural land and water uses © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
*From S E Apitz, S Casper, A Angus and S M White (2010) The Sediment Relative Risk Model (SC080018) – A User’s Guide.
Sediment status as a result of land use can be modelled using site-specific or probabilistic conditions © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Land Use-Specific Modules Can be Used To Model Sediment Impacts
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
*From S E Apitz, S Casper, A Angus and S M White (2010) The Sediment Relative Risk Model (SC080018) – A User’s Guide.
The ability of rivers to maintain sediment balance is driven by landscape conditions and management, including dredging
Exposure is driven by river dynamics © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
*From S E Apitz, S Casper, A Angus and S M White (2010) The Sediment Relative Risk Model (SC080018) – A User’s Guide.
Example of Model Outputs: Cumulative Risks to Endpoints, Upstream to Coast
Coast
Upstream
Endpoints: SC-salmonids/cyprinids; CFF-column feeding fish; BF-Bottom feeding fish; IFInvertebrates/fine; IC-invertebrates/coarse; D-benthic diatoms; M-macrophytes; WF-waterfowl; WQwater quality; NV-navigation; CD-Coastal defence; WS-Water storage capacity; WCC-Water © 2012 Sabine Ecapacity; Apitz conveyance MG4-MG4 plants; P-Property; CS-compliant sediments
Cumulative Risks from Sources, All Risk Regions
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
In terms of within-region sources, agriculture dominates in RRs C-F Point sources and other land uses dominate in RR A Historical wastes (identified point sources) in RRs A and B There is an increasing risk from sources transferred from one region to the next downstream (Upstream Inputs) © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Sources: AAn-Agriculture/animals; AArAgriculture/Arable; AOAr-Organic Agriculture/arable; AOAn-Organic Agriculture/Animals; ML-Moorland; WFWoodland/Forestry; OL-other land uses; ULurban landscape; HW-Historical waste sites; MQmining and quarrying; NUR-Non-urban roads; CSO-combined sewage outflows; SWT-sewage treatment works; I-industry; ICS-in-channel structures; BE-Bank erosion; UI-Upstream inputs
The step-by-step application of SRRM allows for a systematic, transparent and consistent approach to addressing complex interactions – generating testable hypotheses about sediment sources and impact pathways
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Conclusions Sediment plays a complex role in ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services Landscape biophysical conditions and management practices throughout a watershed must be considered to sustain ecological and socioeconomic objectives Navigation and dredging practices affect stressor release, exposure but are also endpoints to be protected Catchment or sediment management plans must balance the benefits of landscape-scale service use against the sustainability of aquatic ecosystem services Tools are being developed to aid in such work ©Sabine E Apitz, 2012
For more information... S E Apitz (2011) Conceptualising the role of sediment in sustaining ecosystem services: Sediment-Ecosystem Regional Assessment (SEcoRA), Science of the Total Environment, 415:930 P von der Ohe, S E Apitz, M Beketov, D Borchardt, D de Zwart, W Goedkoop, M Hein, S Hellsten, D Hering, B J Kefford, A Marcomini, V Panov, L Posthuma, R B Schäfer, E Semenzin and W Brack (in press). Chapter 3. Risk Assessment to Support River Basin Management in J Brils, D Barcelo, W Brack, D Mueller, P Negrel, T Track, J Vermaat (eds), Towards Risk-Based Management of River Basins, Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Series, Springer. S E Apitz, S Casper, A Angus and S M White (2010) The Sediment Relative Risk Model (SC080018) – A User’s Guide. Report to the Environment Agency, SEA Environmental Decisions Ltd and Cranfield University, March 2010 (175p supplemented with a PowerPoint Guide). © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
T ra n s fo rm in fo rm a tio n in to a c tio n
Transform information into action…
Pathways for contaminated sediment impact in a typical EcoRA Conceptual Model
Sediment itself, onAllthe complete other hand, cannotexposure be pathways treated as a typical have the potential to stressor – it has both cause desirable and undesirable negative effects roles in ecosystems © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Sediment as Habitat: Sediment organisms play critical roles in ecosystem functioning fluorescent SPI
Animal burrows
5 mm
O2 imaging pH imaging
O2 imaging
5 mm
Benthic photosynthsis
www.cobo.org.uk
Sediment balance also essential. Sediment lack affects coastal and land defence...
From van Baars, 2004
Source: The Benefits of Using Dredged Material in Aquatic Systems, Lindsay Murray, Cefas, UK, SedNet, Venice November 2006
...but sediment excess creates other problems, whether deposited or suspended
From Sediment Matters, Atkins Ltd, 2009
Landscape use and biophysical conditions define sediment status; sediment role depends upon endpoint under consideration
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Fine-grained sediment pathways: Biotic endpoints
Fine-Grained Soil/ Sediment
Fisheries Salmonids/ cyprinids
Fine Bed
Column Feeding Fish
Coarse Bed
Bottom Feeding Fish
Water Column Estuaries
Invertebrates Coarse Bed
Upland Floodplain
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Diatoms Coarse Bed
Stabilization/ Habitat maintenance
Diatoms Fine Bed
Wetlands
Macrophytes Coarse Bed
Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs
Macrophytes Fine Bed
River and Nav Channel/Bank
1˚ Production
Invertebrates Fine Bed
Mudflats Coastal Floodplain
Supporting/ Regulating
Waterfowl
Provisioning/ game
Cultural/ Recreation
Pathways for abiotic endpoints – fine-grained sediment Water Quality
Provisioning/ Water
Fine Bed Coarse Bed
Water Conveyance and Storage
Regulating/ flood Control; stabilization
Sediment-Ecosystem Regional Assessment (SEcoRA) is the process of characterising these complex interactions to inform decisions Water Column Estuaries
Fine-Grained Soil/ Sediment
In Water/ Bank Structures
Mudflats
Coastal Floodplain
Upland Floodplain
Resource access/ Transport
Navigation
Flood Defence/ Coastal Defence
Regulating/ Waste Control
Buried Contaminants, Artefacts, Stratigraphy, Fossils
Cultural/ Archival
Wetlands Lakes, Ponds, Reservoirs River and Nav Channel/Bank © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
We manage the landscape (on land and in water) to optimize chosen ecosystem services...
This must be Ultimately, this affects the viability assessed and sustainability of a variety ofand aquatic ecosystem services managed in a spatially explicit This affects the status of water, soils andmanner sediments at sites and in downstream systems... From S E Apitz (submitted) Beyond Habitat: Conceptualising the role of sediment in sustaining ecosystem services
Watershed image from Natural Resources Conservation Service
Management of River Basin Objectives Requires Evaluation at the catchment, reach and field scale
hierarchical patch Catchment dynamics paradigm (HPDP)* approaches can be used to address multi-scale interactions
Adapted from *Colnar, A.M. and Landis, W.G., 2007.
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
The Sediment Regional Risk Model is a systematic framework for addressing the multi-scale interactions between land and water management and their impacts on ecological and socioeconomic endpoints in watersheds
The model can either rank current risk pathways or predict the effects of changes in management practices © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Both intrinsic landscape properties and management activities (service use practices) affect sediment status
Navigation is a source of impact, a driver of exposure, as well as an endpoint impacted by other activities
Non-agricultural land and water uses © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
*From S E Apitz, S Casper, A Angus and S M White (2010) The Sediment Relative Risk Model (SC080018) – A User’s Guide.
Sediment status as a result of land use can be modelled using site-specific or probabilistic conditions © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Land Use-Specific Modules Can be Used To Model Sediment Impacts
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
*From S E Apitz, S Casper, A Angus and S M White (2010) The Sediment Relative Risk Model (SC080018) – A User’s Guide.
The ability of rivers to maintain sediment balance is driven by landscape conditions and management, including dredging
Exposure is driven by river dynamics © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
*From S E Apitz, S Casper, A Angus and S M White (2010) The Sediment Relative Risk Model (SC080018) – A User’s Guide.
Example of Model Outputs: Cumulative Risks to Endpoints, Upstream to Coast
Coast
Upstream
Endpoints: SC-salmonids/cyprinids; CFF-column feeding fish; BF-Bottom feeding fish; IFInvertebrates/fine; IC-invertebrates/coarse; D-benthic diatoms; M-macrophytes; WF-waterfowl; WQwater quality; NV-navigation; CD-Coastal defence; WS-Water storage capacity; WCC-Water © 2012 Sabine Ecapacity; Apitz conveyance MG4-MG4 plants; P-Property; CS-compliant sediments
Cumulative Risks from Sources, All Risk Regions
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
In terms of within-region sources, agriculture dominates in RRs C-F Point sources and other land uses dominate in RR A Historical wastes (identified point sources) in RRs A and B There is an increasing risk from sources transferred from one region to the next downstream (Upstream Inputs) © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Sources: AAn-Agriculture/animals; AArAgriculture/Arable; AOAr-Organic Agriculture/arable; AOAn-Organic Agriculture/Animals; ML-Moorland; WFWoodland/Forestry; OL-other land uses; ULurban landscape; HW-Historical waste sites; MQmining and quarrying; NUR-Non-urban roads; CSO-combined sewage outflows; SWT-sewage treatment works; I-industry; ICS-in-channel structures; BE-Bank erosion; UI-Upstream inputs
The step-by-step application of SRRM allows for a systematic, transparent and consistent approach to addressing complex interactions – generating testable hypotheses about sediment sources and impact pathways
© 2012 Sabine E Apitz
Conclusions Sediment plays a complex role in ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services Landscape biophysical conditions and management practices throughout a watershed must be considered to sustain ecological and socioeconomic objectives Navigation and dredging practices affect stressor release, exposure but are also endpoints to be protected Catchment or sediment management plans must balance the benefits of landscape-scale service use against the sustainability of aquatic ecosystem services Tools are being developed to aid in such work ©Sabine E Apitz, 2012
For more information... S E Apitz (2011) Conceptualising the role of sediment in sustaining ecosystem services: Sediment-Ecosystem Regional Assessment (SEcoRA), Science of the Total Environment, 415:930 P von der Ohe, S E Apitz, M Beketov, D Borchardt, D de Zwart, W Goedkoop, M Hein, S Hellsten, D Hering, B J Kefford, A Marcomini, V Panov, L Posthuma, R B Schäfer, E Semenzin and W Brack (in press). Chapter 3. Risk Assessment to Support River Basin Management in J Brils, D Barcelo, W Brack, D Mueller, P Negrel, T Track, J Vermaat (eds), Towards Risk-Based Management of River Basins, Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Series, Springer. S E Apitz, S Casper, A Angus and S M White (2010) The Sediment Relative Risk Model (SC080018) – A User’s Guide. Report to the Environment Agency, SEA Environmental Decisions Ltd and Cranfield University, March 2010 (175p supplemented with a PowerPoint Guide). © 2012 Sabine E Apitz
