Systems Architecture
Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Strategic development of downhole and surface sensors, instrumentation and measurement systems (IMS) which support drilling systems automation Presenter: John Macpherson Baker Hughes Inc.
Challenge Team Members • • • • • • •
John Macpherson, Baker Hughes Eric Cayeux, IRIS Fred Florence, NOV Jan Jette Blange, Shell Stephen Lai, Pason Robert Wylie, NOV Aaron Eddy, Pason
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
1 Systems Architecture
data
4 Sensors & IMS
Communications
3
telemetry, latency
Calibration Validity
Data, Derived Data, System State
Completeness Logic Proximity Accuracy Conversion Criticality Availability
Data Aggregator
Machines 2 Equipment
Human 8 Factors
Simulation7 & Modeling
Control Systems
6
accuracy, precision Certification & 5 Standards
IMS-centric view of the drilling systems automation space, showing relationship with other challenges
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Systems Architecture Presenter: John de Wardt
IMS Challenge Boundaries Concerned with integration of the various sensors and IMS that form part of the drilling process to deliver reliable, quality data in a timely fashion.
Systems Machines Limits
• Open conventional drilling systems • Closed Managed Pressure Drilling systems • Smart machines that are measurement platforms, such as, RSS, autodriller, … • Hard system limits given by machine capabilities • Soft system limits given by operational requirements
Sampling
• Requirements such as sample rate, anti-aliasing, sensor resolution, time synchronization, …
Agents
• Processing of data, such as heave, depth tagging, drilling system state, …, up to data aggregation.
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Functional Sensor Description
Logical blocks of sensors
Surface Rig
•
hoisting system, top drive, rig pumps, power slips, standpipe, …
Flow
•
pits, gate valves, chokes, flow diverters, backpressure pumps, …
Drill Fluids
• mud density, mud temperature, inlet and outlet temperature, mud rheology,…
Mud Log
• total gas, gas ratios, cuttings and cavings, calcimetery, lithology, …
MWD
• WOB, RPM, PWD, temperature, vibration, directional, …
LWD Along String Cement Mud Mixing
• resistivity, gamma ray, formation density, acoustic, caliper, pore pressure, … • PWD, temperature, vibration, tension, torsion, … • pumps, FIT/LOT/XLOT, … • automatic fluid property control IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Performance Targets Automation IMS Rules How measurements will affect the process being automated RULE
Description
Completeness
Enough information to fully determine the state of the system
Logic
Enough information to choose the correct sensor
Proximity
Measure directly and as closely as possible to the required parameters
Accuracy
Enough information to assess the accuracy of the measurement
Conversion
Enough information to correct the measurement
Criticality
Measurement redundancy for critical parameters
Availability
Meet or exceed the requirement of the most demanding application IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Performance Targets Drilling Systems Automation Classes for IMS 0 1 2 3 4
Manual
• manual only IMS, suited for manual control of the drilling process
Monitor
• Monitoring IMS, suited for automatic monitoring of the drilling process both at the wellsite and at a remote location
Advise
• Advice level IMS, suited for supplying information to models and simulators which can generate open-loop advice to the driller
Calibration
• Calibration level IMS, suited for delivering measurements to models and simulators for autocalibration
Control
• Control level IMS, which can generate quality data suited to control the drilling process via real-time models and simulators located at the wellsite
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Example, WOB Measurement System
Class 0 1 2 3 4
Title
Description
Manual
Deadline Anchor
Monitor
Deadline Anchor, Load Pins, BHA
Advice
Deadline Anchor, Load Pins, BHA
Calibration
Surface Sub, Along String, BHA
Control
Combination of surface sub, deadline anchor and BHA. Along-string IMS may be required for advanced systems.
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Current Situation • • • • • • •
Mechanization Integrated Control Systems Measurement Ownership Data Collection Data Handling Visualization and Interpretation Data Security
Next Steps … IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Way Ahead • Expand logical sensor blocks … • Analyze within system architecture … • Develop roadmap graphic, identifying future state and industry level technology gaps … • Develop roadmap documentation.
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Challenge Team Members • • • • • • •
John Macpherson, Baker Hughes Eric Cayeux, IRIS Fred Florence, NOV Jan Jette Blange, Shell Stephen Lai, Pason Robert Wylie, NOV Aaron Eddy, Pason
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
1 Systems Architecture
data
4 Sensors & IMS
Communications
3
telemetry, latency
Calibration Validity
Data, Derived Data, System State
Completeness Logic Proximity Accuracy Conversion Criticality Availability
Data Aggregator
Machines 2 Equipment
Human 8 Factors
Simulation7 & Modeling
Control Systems
6
accuracy, precision Certification & 5 Standards
IMS-centric view of the drilling systems automation space, showing relationship with other challenges
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Systems Architecture Presenter: John de Wardt
IMS Challenge Boundaries Concerned with integration of the various sensors and IMS that form part of the drilling process to deliver reliable, quality data in a timely fashion.
Systems Machines Limits
• Open conventional drilling systems • Closed Managed Pressure Drilling systems • Smart machines that are measurement platforms, such as, RSS, autodriller, … • Hard system limits given by machine capabilities • Soft system limits given by operational requirements
Sampling
• Requirements such as sample rate, anti-aliasing, sensor resolution, time synchronization, …
Agents
• Processing of data, such as heave, depth tagging, drilling system state, …, up to data aggregation.
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Functional Sensor Description
Logical blocks of sensors
Surface Rig
•
hoisting system, top drive, rig pumps, power slips, standpipe, …
Flow
•
pits, gate valves, chokes, flow diverters, backpressure pumps, …
Drill Fluids
• mud density, mud temperature, inlet and outlet temperature, mud rheology,…
Mud Log
• total gas, gas ratios, cuttings and cavings, calcimetery, lithology, …
MWD
• WOB, RPM, PWD, temperature, vibration, directional, …
LWD Along String Cement Mud Mixing
• resistivity, gamma ray, formation density, acoustic, caliper, pore pressure, … • PWD, temperature, vibration, tension, torsion, … • pumps, FIT/LOT/XLOT, … • automatic fluid property control IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Performance Targets Automation IMS Rules How measurements will affect the process being automated RULE
Description
Completeness
Enough information to fully determine the state of the system
Logic
Enough information to choose the correct sensor
Proximity
Measure directly and as closely as possible to the required parameters
Accuracy
Enough information to assess the accuracy of the measurement
Conversion
Enough information to correct the measurement
Criticality
Measurement redundancy for critical parameters
Availability
Meet or exceed the requirement of the most demanding application IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Performance Targets Drilling Systems Automation Classes for IMS 0 1 2 3 4
Manual
• manual only IMS, suited for manual control of the drilling process
Monitor
• Monitoring IMS, suited for automatic monitoring of the drilling process both at the wellsite and at a remote location
Advise
• Advice level IMS, suited for supplying information to models and simulators which can generate open-loop advice to the driller
Calibration
• Calibration level IMS, suited for delivering measurements to models and simulators for autocalibration
Control
• Control level IMS, which can generate quality data suited to control the drilling process via real-time models and simulators located at the wellsite
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Example, WOB Measurement System
Class 0 1 2 3 4
Title
Description
Manual
Deadline Anchor
Monitor
Deadline Anchor, Load Pins, BHA
Advice
Deadline Anchor, Load Pins, BHA
Calibration
Surface Sub, Along String, BHA
Control
Combination of surface sub, deadline anchor and BHA. Along-string IMS may be required for advanced systems.
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Current Situation • • • • • • •
Mechanization Integrated Control Systems Measurement Ownership Data Collection Data Handling Visualization and Interpretation Data Security
Next Steps … IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
Way Ahead • Expand logical sensor blocks … • Analyze within system architecture … • Develop roadmap graphic, identifying future state and industry level technology gaps … • Develop roadmap documentation.
IADC ART Workshop Vienna June 2014 Sensors, Instrumentation and Measurement Presenter: John Macpherson
