The effects of surface charge and hydrophobicity on anodic biofilm ...
The effects of surface charge and hydrophobicity on anodic biofilm formation, community composition and current generation in bioelectrochemical systems Kun Guo, Stefano Freguia, Paul G. Dennis, Xin Chen, Bogdan C. Donose, Jurg Keller, J. Justin Gooding, Korneel Rabaey
Figure S1. Photos of the BES reactor
S1
AY653549 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter psychrophilus AB600391 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales AB447753 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter FJ393130 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales Geobacter 1 (present study) JN540181 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales DQ145534 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter argillaceus U46860 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter hydrogenophilus NZ_AAAS03000001 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter metallireducens Geobacter 2 (present study) NC_002939 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter sulfurreducens DQ145535 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter pickeringii NZ_AAZA01000028 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter bemidjiensis NC_002932 - Chlorobi; Chlorobia; Chlorobiales; Chlorobiaceae; Chlorobium tepidum Chlorobaculum (present study) AY394785 - Chlorobi; Chlorobia; Chlorobiales; Chlorobiaceae; Chlorobaculum AJ299413 - Chlorobi; Chlorobia; Chlorobiales; Chlorobiaceae; Chlorobaculum; Chlorobium phaeobacteroides CU917616 - Spirochaetes; Spirochaetes; Spirochaetales; Spirochaetaceae; Spirochaeta Spirochaeta (present study) CU922720 - Spirochaetes; Spirochaetes; Spirochaetales; Spirochaetaceae; Spirochaeta AJ488078 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium AB218327 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium Ruminococcaceae (present study) FJ269107 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium EU170433 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium saccharovorans CU921021 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Gracilibacteraceae; Lutispora Clostridales (present study) CU917755 - Synergistetes; Synergistia; Synergistales; Synergistaceae; Thermovirga AF323778 - Bacteroidetes; Sphingobacteria; Sphingobacteriales; WCHB1-69 Bacteroidales (present study) GU591507 - Bacteroidetes; Sphingobacteria; Sphingobacteriales; WCHB1-69 FJ269057 - Bacteroidetes; Sphingobacteriia; Sphingobacteriales; WCHB1-69 U55237 - Euryarchaeota; Methanobacteria; Methanobacteriales; Methanobacteriaceae; Methanobrevibacter; Methanobrevibacter woesei Methanobrevibacter (present study) U55240.1 - Euryarchaeota; Methanobacteria; Methanobacteriales; Methanobacteriaceae; Methanobrevibacter; Methanobrevibacter wolinii
Figure S2. Phylogenetic neighbourhood of OTUs present at more than 1% relative abundance in this study (shaded) relative to the most similar full length 16S rRNA gene sequences in the greengenes database. The representative sequences for each OTU was inserted into the greengenes tree by maximum parsimony using Arb.
S2
0.18
-CH3 -OH -SO3
Current (mA)
0.12
+
-N (CH3)3
0.06
0.00
-0.06
-0.12 -0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
Potential (V vs Ag/AgCl)
Figure S3. CVs for each of the modified electrodes in sterile media without acetate before inoculations (scan rate: 10mV/s) Table S1. Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test of startup time and current output, Startup time Current output –OH vs –N+(CH3)3
ns
**
–OH vs –SO3–
ns
*
*
**
–N (CH3)3 vs –CH3
*
***
–OH vs –CH3
*
***
–SO3 vs –N+(CH3)3
ns
***
–
–SO3 vs –CH3 +
Note: P > 0.05 (ns), P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***)
S3
Figure S4. The correlations of amount of biomass and current density
0.18
Bare
0.14
2
Current density (mA/cm )
0.16
0.12
+
-N (CH3)3
0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 -
0.02
-SO3
0.00 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Time (d)
Figure S5. Current output over time of BE cells with bare GC electrode and modified GC electrodes. Surface modified by cyclic voltammetry and the coating density was around 7 mC/cm2.
S4
Figure S1. Photos of the BES reactor
S1
AY653549 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter psychrophilus AB600391 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales AB447753 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter FJ393130 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales Geobacter 1 (present study) JN540181 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales DQ145534 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter argillaceus U46860 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter hydrogenophilus NZ_AAAS03000001 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter metallireducens Geobacter 2 (present study) NC_002939 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter sulfurreducens DQ145535 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter pickeringii NZ_AAZA01000028 - Deltaproteobacteria; Desulfuromonadales; Geobacteraceae; Geobacter; Geobacter bemidjiensis NC_002932 - Chlorobi; Chlorobia; Chlorobiales; Chlorobiaceae; Chlorobium tepidum Chlorobaculum (present study) AY394785 - Chlorobi; Chlorobia; Chlorobiales; Chlorobiaceae; Chlorobaculum AJ299413 - Chlorobi; Chlorobia; Chlorobiales; Chlorobiaceae; Chlorobaculum; Chlorobium phaeobacteroides CU917616 - Spirochaetes; Spirochaetes; Spirochaetales; Spirochaetaceae; Spirochaeta Spirochaeta (present study) CU922720 - Spirochaetes; Spirochaetes; Spirochaetales; Spirochaetaceae; Spirochaeta AJ488078 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium AB218327 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium Ruminococcaceae (present study) FJ269107 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium EU170433 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium; Hydrogenoanaerobacterium saccharovorans CU921021 - Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Gracilibacteraceae; Lutispora Clostridales (present study) CU917755 - Synergistetes; Synergistia; Synergistales; Synergistaceae; Thermovirga AF323778 - Bacteroidetes; Sphingobacteria; Sphingobacteriales; WCHB1-69 Bacteroidales (present study) GU591507 - Bacteroidetes; Sphingobacteria; Sphingobacteriales; WCHB1-69 FJ269057 - Bacteroidetes; Sphingobacteriia; Sphingobacteriales; WCHB1-69 U55237 - Euryarchaeota; Methanobacteria; Methanobacteriales; Methanobacteriaceae; Methanobrevibacter; Methanobrevibacter woesei Methanobrevibacter (present study) U55240.1 - Euryarchaeota; Methanobacteria; Methanobacteriales; Methanobacteriaceae; Methanobrevibacter; Methanobrevibacter wolinii
Figure S2. Phylogenetic neighbourhood of OTUs present at more than 1% relative abundance in this study (shaded) relative to the most similar full length 16S rRNA gene sequences in the greengenes database. The representative sequences for each OTU was inserted into the greengenes tree by maximum parsimony using Arb.
S2
0.18
-CH3 -OH -SO3
Current (mA)
0.12
+
-N (CH3)3
0.06
0.00
-0.06
-0.12 -0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
Potential (V vs Ag/AgCl)
Figure S3. CVs for each of the modified electrodes in sterile media without acetate before inoculations (scan rate: 10mV/s) Table S1. Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test of startup time and current output, Startup time Current output –OH vs –N+(CH3)3
ns
**
–OH vs –SO3–
ns
*
*
**
–N (CH3)3 vs –CH3
*
***
–OH vs –CH3
*
***
–SO3 vs –N+(CH3)3
ns
***
–
–SO3 vs –CH3 +
Note: P > 0.05 (ns), P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***)
S3
Figure S4. The correlations of amount of biomass and current density
0.18
Bare
0.14
2
Current density (mA/cm )
0.16
0.12
+
-N (CH3)3
0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 -
0.02
-SO3
0.00 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Time (d)
Figure S5. Current output over time of BE cells with bare GC electrode and modified GC electrodes. Surface modified by cyclic voltammetry and the coating density was around 7 mC/cm2.
S4
