The Lay of
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The Lay of the Land
Chapter Preview Terms: region, sound, barrier island, inlet, Gulf Stream, wetland, estuary, pocosin, savanna, crossroads hamlets, tobacco towns, Carolina bays, fall line, headwaters, sectionalism, mill village, NASCAR, monadnock, elevation, bald, cove, weather, climate, westerlies, humidity, precipitation, tornado, hurricane Places: Tidewater region, Outer Banks, Jockey’s Ridge, Coastal Plain region, Sandhills, Fort Bragg, Piedmont region, Research Triangle Park, Uwharrie Mountains, Piedmont Crescent, Blue Ridge, Mountains region, Appalachian Mountains, Mt. Mitchell, Black Mountains, Great Smoky Mountains, Balsams, Fontana Lake
2
L
indsay McCloy made the whole state of North Car-
olina proud when she competed in the National Geography Bee in Washington, D.C., in 2004. At the time Lindsay was an eighth grader in Jacksonville, which is on the coast near Camp Lejeune. Her father, Marine Lt. Col. Darin McCloy, was serving in Iraq. He called her all the way from Baghdad to wish her luck. He was particularly proud that his daughter knew so much about people and places around the world. No one can make sense of North Carolina’s history, heritage, and culture unless, like Lindsay, he or she learns the lessons of geography. Although you live in a global society, you still have local ties. The physical and social shape of North Carolina helps develop those ties. A central theme of this book is that North Carolinians have always been greatly influenced by particular geographic conditions. These geographic conditions have produced historical problems, as you will learn in later chapters. That is why we should all become more like Lindsay. Our understanding of history depends upon
North Carolina: Land of Contrasts
our knowledge of geography. There is a traditional saying in North Carolina: You have to know “the lay of the land” to know where you are going. The key lesson in North Carolina geography is to learn that North Carolina is one state but has several distinct parts called regions. A region is a specific area where the lay of the land and the habits of the people are much the same. Two of North Carolina’s regions are relatively flat—the Tidewater and the Coastal Plain. There the people have traditionally raised large crops of tobacco, cotton, and foodstuffs. These two regions make up the eastern section of the state. The other two regions— the Piedmont and the Mountains—look like their names imply; they are hilly. These two regions make up the western section. Its people traditionally herded livestock and used the water power of its streams to run factories and make manufactured goods. Each region has distinctive characteristics that continue to help shape the state.
Below: The granite top of Pilot Mountain, north of Winston-Salem, has been a landmark for more than a thousand years. Opposite page: Okracoke Lighthouse is one of the oldest on the Atlantic coast.
Chapter 1: The Lay of the Land
3
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SIGNS OF THE TIMES
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Area: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________52,712 _____________________________________miles ______________________________largest) _________________________________ ____________________________________square _________________________________(28th __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Land: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________49,412 __________________square _________________miles ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Water: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________3,570 __________________________________miles __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________square ____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______East-west _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________length: __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________503 ___________________________greater ________________________________any ________________________east _________________ ___________________________miles, _____________________________________than _______________________state ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________of ______the _________Mississippi _____________________________River ________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________North-south _______________________________length: ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________187 ____________miles ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Number ___________________________bordering ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________of _________________________________states: ________________________________________________________ ______________4______________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Lakes __________________________ponds: _________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________and ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Over ____________50,000 __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________River _______________basins: ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________17 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______Number __________________________land ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________of __________________regions: ____________________________________________________________________ _______________4____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Number ___________________________counties: ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________of ______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________100 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Highest _____________________point: __________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Mount ________________Mitchell, _____________________________________feet _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________6,684 ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________point: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Lowest _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Atlantic ___________________coastline, ________________________________level ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________sea _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VITAL STATISTICS
4
Chapter 1: The Lay of the Land
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Latitude: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Between ________________________________________degrees _____________________________37 _________________________ _____________________________________33-1/2 _________________________________________and _____________________________________ _______________degrees _____________________north ______________latitude _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Longitude: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Between _____________________75 ________degrees ___________________and __________84-1/2 ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________degrees _____________________west ____________longitude ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Location _______________________________________United ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________within __________________________________States: ___________________________________________________ _______________Southeast ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Location _______________________________________South: ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________within ________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________Eastern ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________East-west _________________________divider: __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________Fall ___________line _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________center ______________________the ___________________________________________________ ________Geographic ______________________________________________of _______________state: ______________________________________________ _______________In ______Chatham ________________________County, ____________________10 __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________miles ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________northwest __________________________of ______Sanford ____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
LOCATION
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TARGET READING SKILL Reading Maps
Defining the Skill A map provides information in a graphic manner. There are many types of maps, including topographical, physical/ political, historical, and satellite. Some common forms of maps that are found in textbooks include weather, waterways, natural resources, land regions, road, and population. To properly read a map, you should • read the title to find the subject or purpose, • determine the type of information that is displayed, • look at any key or legend to determine the meaning of symbols or colors,
• look at the scale and compass rose to determine distance and direction.
Practicing the Skill Look at the map of North Carolina’s counties below. As you examine the map, answer these questions. 1. What is the subject of the map? 2. What type of information is found on the map? 3. Is there a scale? If yes, what does it tell you? 4. Is there a legend? If yes, what does it tell you?
Target Reading Skill
5
The Lay of the Land
Chapter Preview Terms: region, sound, barrier island, inlet, Gulf Stream, wetland, estuary, pocosin, savanna, crossroads hamlets, tobacco towns, Carolina bays, fall line, headwaters, sectionalism, mill village, NASCAR, monadnock, elevation, bald, cove, weather, climate, westerlies, humidity, precipitation, tornado, hurricane Places: Tidewater region, Outer Banks, Jockey’s Ridge, Coastal Plain region, Sandhills, Fort Bragg, Piedmont region, Research Triangle Park, Uwharrie Mountains, Piedmont Crescent, Blue Ridge, Mountains region, Appalachian Mountains, Mt. Mitchell, Black Mountains, Great Smoky Mountains, Balsams, Fontana Lake
2
L
indsay McCloy made the whole state of North Car-
olina proud when she competed in the National Geography Bee in Washington, D.C., in 2004. At the time Lindsay was an eighth grader in Jacksonville, which is on the coast near Camp Lejeune. Her father, Marine Lt. Col. Darin McCloy, was serving in Iraq. He called her all the way from Baghdad to wish her luck. He was particularly proud that his daughter knew so much about people and places around the world. No one can make sense of North Carolina’s history, heritage, and culture unless, like Lindsay, he or she learns the lessons of geography. Although you live in a global society, you still have local ties. The physical and social shape of North Carolina helps develop those ties. A central theme of this book is that North Carolinians have always been greatly influenced by particular geographic conditions. These geographic conditions have produced historical problems, as you will learn in later chapters. That is why we should all become more like Lindsay. Our understanding of history depends upon
North Carolina: Land of Contrasts
our knowledge of geography. There is a traditional saying in North Carolina: You have to know “the lay of the land” to know where you are going. The key lesson in North Carolina geography is to learn that North Carolina is one state but has several distinct parts called regions. A region is a specific area where the lay of the land and the habits of the people are much the same. Two of North Carolina’s regions are relatively flat—the Tidewater and the Coastal Plain. There the people have traditionally raised large crops of tobacco, cotton, and foodstuffs. These two regions make up the eastern section of the state. The other two regions— the Piedmont and the Mountains—look like their names imply; they are hilly. These two regions make up the western section. Its people traditionally herded livestock and used the water power of its streams to run factories and make manufactured goods. Each region has distinctive characteristics that continue to help shape the state.
Below: The granite top of Pilot Mountain, north of Winston-Salem, has been a landmark for more than a thousand years. Opposite page: Okracoke Lighthouse is one of the oldest on the Atlantic coast.
Chapter 1: The Lay of the Land
3
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SIGNS OF THE TIMES
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Area: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________52,712 _____________________________________miles ______________________________largest) _________________________________ ____________________________________square _________________________________(28th __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Land: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________49,412 __________________square _________________miles ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Water: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________3,570 __________________________________miles __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________square ____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______East-west _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________length: __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________503 ___________________________greater ________________________________any ________________________east _________________ ___________________________miles, _____________________________________than _______________________state ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________of ______the _________Mississippi _____________________________River ________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________North-south _______________________________length: ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________187 ____________miles ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Number ___________________________bordering ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________of _________________________________states: ________________________________________________________ ______________4______________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Lakes __________________________ponds: _________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________and ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Over ____________50,000 __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________River _______________basins: ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________17 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______Number __________________________land ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________of __________________regions: ____________________________________________________________________ _______________4____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Number ___________________________counties: ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________of ______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________100 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Highest _____________________point: __________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Mount ________________Mitchell, _____________________________________feet _________________________________________ _______________________________________________________6,684 ____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________point: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Lowest _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Atlantic ___________________coastline, ________________________________level ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________sea _______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VITAL STATISTICS
4
Chapter 1: The Lay of the Land
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Latitude: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Between ________________________________________degrees _____________________________37 _________________________ _____________________________________33-1/2 _________________________________________and _____________________________________ _______________degrees _____________________north ______________latitude _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Longitude: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________Between _____________________75 ________degrees ___________________and __________84-1/2 ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________degrees _____________________west ____________longitude ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Location _______________________________________United ____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________within __________________________________States: ___________________________________________________ _______________Southeast ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________Location _______________________________________South: ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________within ________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________Eastern ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________East-west _________________________divider: __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________Fall ___________line _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________center ______________________the ___________________________________________________ ________Geographic ______________________________________________of _______________state: ______________________________________________ _______________In ______Chatham ________________________County, ____________________10 __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________miles ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________northwest __________________________of ______Sanford ____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
LOCATION
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TARGET READING SKILL Reading Maps
Defining the Skill A map provides information in a graphic manner. There are many types of maps, including topographical, physical/ political, historical, and satellite. Some common forms of maps that are found in textbooks include weather, waterways, natural resources, land regions, road, and population. To properly read a map, you should • read the title to find the subject or purpose, • determine the type of information that is displayed, • look at any key or legend to determine the meaning of symbols or colors,
• look at the scale and compass rose to determine distance and direction.
Practicing the Skill Look at the map of North Carolina’s counties below. As you examine the map, answer these questions. 1. What is the subject of the map? 2. What type of information is found on the map? 3. Is there a scale? If yes, what does it tell you? 4. Is there a legend? If yes, what does it tell you?
Target Reading Skill
5
