UN Security Council Resolution 1540
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540: Building Capacity to Counter Terrorism
OVERVIEW Background UNSCR 1540 Obligations Impediments to 1540 Implementation Lessons Learned Nunn-Lugar/CNP Next 100 Project Addressing roadblocks Conclusions/Lessons Learned
BACKGROUND President Bush’s Address to the UN (2003) A.Q. Khan and Black Market Networks (2003) UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) UN Security Council Resolution 1673 (2006)
UNSCR 1540 OBLIGATIONS (1) Refrain from supporting non-state actors (2) Prosecute WMD activities by non-state actors (3a) Monitor WMD production/storage/transport (3b) Secure WMD facilities (3c) Control borders and detect trafficking (3d) Establish and enforce export controls (4) Present a compliance report within six months
ROADBLOCKS/RESPONSES Legitimacy
• UNSCR “legislating” unfunded mandates • Existing NPT Commitments
Low prioritization by developing states • Increase participation incentives • Create consequences for failing to comply
Inadequate capacity for implementation
• Further engage NGOs/IGOs for expertise and financing • Expand involvement by regional organizations and states
Mismatch of offers & requests
• Streamline request process • Identify standards and “best” practices
NUNN-LUGAR Two-year research project: “Getting Further, Faster” publication Synthesis of 15 years experience: • Underutilized and underappreciated toolkit for 1540 implementation • Buy-in and ownership of the objectives • Sustainability requires “development” tools of institution and capacity-building
Next 100 Project: Methodology “Donor” States. • Bridging the development – nonproliferation divide
“Recipient” States. • Aligning development priorities with items related to 1540 implementation
Project 24-month Objectives. • Minimum of four pilot projects that demonstrate sustainable implementation of 1540
ROADBLOCKS: CREATING A VIRTUOUS CIRCLE? Legitimacy: • 1540 vs. CWC • Cases: Egypt and Indonesia
Building Capacity: • SALW and WMD. • Legal Assistance – commercial law/export controls
Shifting Priorities and Perceptions: • North and South
CONCLUSIONS Lessons Learned • Donor Offers: Gap between development and nonproliferation communities/”whole of government” responses • Recipient Needs: Capacity, Priority (Legitimacy) – Facilitating a dialogue • Avoiding Duplication, maximizing synergies: 1373 CT, 1540 NP, PSI • 1540 Committee vs. State Responsibility?
BACKUP SLIDES
COUNTER-TERRORISM CAPACITY BUILDING Assessment Criteria 1373 Category
Financial Asset Controls Law Enforcement Territorial Control
ContexContextual Issues
Current Nat’ Nat’l CT Focus & Status, incl. LegLegislation
Nat’ Nat’l ConsenConsensus & Dialogue
TransparTransparency, ency, AccountAccountability, & Human Rights Compliance
Capacity
CoordinaCoordination, tion, Coherence, & Int’ Int’l CooperaCooperation
Linkages to Other Programs and Sectors
CTCB Needs
NONPROLIFERATION CAPACITY BUILDING Assessment Criteria 1540 Category Anti-Trafficking Measures (incl. Financial Controls) Legal Framework Territorial Control
ContexContextual Issues
Current Nat’ Nat’l Nonprol. Nonprol. Priorities & Status, incl. LegLegislation
TransparTransparency, ency, AccountAccountability, & (Human Rights Compliance)
Capacity
CoordinaCoordination, tion, Coherence, & Int’ Int’l CooperaCooperation
Linkages to Other Programs and Sectors
Nonprol. Nonprol. CapacityCapacityBuilding Needs
OVERVIEW Background UNSCR 1540 Obligations Impediments to 1540 Implementation Lessons Learned Nunn-Lugar/CNP Next 100 Project Addressing roadblocks Conclusions/Lessons Learned
BACKGROUND President Bush’s Address to the UN (2003) A.Q. Khan and Black Market Networks (2003) UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) UN Security Council Resolution 1673 (2006)
UNSCR 1540 OBLIGATIONS (1) Refrain from supporting non-state actors (2) Prosecute WMD activities by non-state actors (3a) Monitor WMD production/storage/transport (3b) Secure WMD facilities (3c) Control borders and detect trafficking (3d) Establish and enforce export controls (4) Present a compliance report within six months
ROADBLOCKS/RESPONSES Legitimacy
• UNSCR “legislating” unfunded mandates • Existing NPT Commitments
Low prioritization by developing states • Increase participation incentives • Create consequences for failing to comply
Inadequate capacity for implementation
• Further engage NGOs/IGOs for expertise and financing • Expand involvement by regional organizations and states
Mismatch of offers & requests
• Streamline request process • Identify standards and “best” practices
NUNN-LUGAR Two-year research project: “Getting Further, Faster” publication Synthesis of 15 years experience: • Underutilized and underappreciated toolkit for 1540 implementation • Buy-in and ownership of the objectives • Sustainability requires “development” tools of institution and capacity-building
Next 100 Project: Methodology “Donor” States. • Bridging the development – nonproliferation divide
“Recipient” States. • Aligning development priorities with items related to 1540 implementation
Project 24-month Objectives. • Minimum of four pilot projects that demonstrate sustainable implementation of 1540
ROADBLOCKS: CREATING A VIRTUOUS CIRCLE? Legitimacy: • 1540 vs. CWC • Cases: Egypt and Indonesia
Building Capacity: • SALW and WMD. • Legal Assistance – commercial law/export controls
Shifting Priorities and Perceptions: • North and South
CONCLUSIONS Lessons Learned • Donor Offers: Gap between development and nonproliferation communities/”whole of government” responses • Recipient Needs: Capacity, Priority (Legitimacy) – Facilitating a dialogue • Avoiding Duplication, maximizing synergies: 1373 CT, 1540 NP, PSI • 1540 Committee vs. State Responsibility?
BACKUP SLIDES
COUNTER-TERRORISM CAPACITY BUILDING Assessment Criteria 1373 Category
Financial Asset Controls Law Enforcement Territorial Control
ContexContextual Issues
Current Nat’ Nat’l CT Focus & Status, incl. LegLegislation
Nat’ Nat’l ConsenConsensus & Dialogue
TransparTransparency, ency, AccountAccountability, & Human Rights Compliance
Capacity
CoordinaCoordination, tion, Coherence, & Int’ Int’l CooperaCooperation
Linkages to Other Programs and Sectors
CTCB Needs
NONPROLIFERATION CAPACITY BUILDING Assessment Criteria 1540 Category Anti-Trafficking Measures (incl. Financial Controls) Legal Framework Territorial Control
ContexContextual Issues
Current Nat’ Nat’l Nonprol. Nonprol. Priorities & Status, incl. LegLegislation
TransparTransparency, ency, AccountAccountability, & (Human Rights Compliance)
Capacity
CoordinaCoordination, tion, Coherence, & Int’ Int’l CooperaCooperation
Linkages to Other Programs and Sectors
Nonprol. Nonprol. CapacityCapacityBuilding Needs
