Week 3
Table of Contents Week 1 – Pages 1 – 3 Introduction and Motivation
Week 2 – Pages 3 – 4 Arousal, Anxiety and Stress
Week 3 – Pages 4 – 6 Performance Enhancement
Week 4 – Pages 6 – 7 Imagery
Week 5 – Pages 7 – 8 Concentration
Week 6 – Pages 8 – 9 Leadership and Team Dynamics
Week 7 – Pages 9 – 10 Principles of Exercise Psychology
Week 8 – Pages 10 – 11 Psychological Effects of Exercise
Week 9 – Pages 11 – 13 Counselling and Communication in Sport and Exercise
Week 10 – Pages 13 Injury and Burnout in Sport
HSE309 Study Notes Week 1 Sport and Exercise Psychology: The scientific study of people and their behaviour in sport and exercise contexts Two main objectives o Sport/exercise performance o Psychological development, health and wellbeing Approaches Teaching
Red = Academic Blue= Applied
Research
Consulting
Application of approaches are multifaceted (eg AIS approach) o Performance Enhancement -> Personal Development -> Lifestyle Management -> Group Dynamics -> Critical Interventions
Motivation: The direction and intensity of effort Views of motivation o Trait-centred Motivation behaviour is a function of individual characteristics o Situation-centred Motivation determined by the situation o Interactional Situation and traits of both of the above interact Achievement Motivation (why people approach or avoid competitive situations) o AKA Competitiveness o A person’s orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in accomplishments o Believe performance is going to be evaluated (peers/set standard) o Important because it influences: Choice of activities Frequency Persistence o Examples of this: Need Achievement Theory (McClelland & Atkinson)
Personality Factors x Situational Factors = Resultant Tendency -> Emotional Reactions -> Achievement Behaviour (approach success OR avoid failure) Goal Orientation Theory (Ames, Dweck, Duda, Maehr & Nicholls) Ego related Achievement goals are way to understand differences in achievement Three factors interact to determine person’s motivation 1. Achievement goals Outcome/competitive/ego goal orientated o Can be adaptive or maladaptive Task/mastery/performance goal orientated o Always adaptive Independent factors (mix of both) 2. Perceived Ability 3. Achievement Behaviour Adaptive/ Maladaptive o Stages of Achievement Theory o Self-comparison (0-4yo) -> Social Comparison (begins at 5yo) -> Mix of both (no particular age) Attribution Theory o How people explain their success and failure o Suggest we can classify all possible explanations into a few categories o Weiner’s Attribution Categories Stability, Locus of Causality and Locus of Control Strive for stable, internal and in one’s control o Importance People’s perceptions about causes of events effect expectations for future success or failure and other psychological factors which in turn effect achievement motivation o Biases in Attribution Self-serving Ego enhancing, Ego protecting Self-handicapping Anticipate self-serving bias and failure (make excuses before event) Intrinsic and extrinsic Motivation o IM – engage in activity for own sake o EM – engage in activity for external reason Cognitive evaluation Theory o Sub-theory of self-determinism theory Innate need to feel competent and self-determining Rewards have two functions (controlling and informational)
Week 2 – Pages 3 – 4 Arousal, Anxiety and Stress
Week 3 – Pages 4 – 6 Performance Enhancement
Week 4 – Pages 6 – 7 Imagery
Week 5 – Pages 7 – 8 Concentration
Week 6 – Pages 8 – 9 Leadership and Team Dynamics
Week 7 – Pages 9 – 10 Principles of Exercise Psychology
Week 8 – Pages 10 – 11 Psychological Effects of Exercise
Week 9 – Pages 11 – 13 Counselling and Communication in Sport and Exercise
Week 10 – Pages 13 Injury and Burnout in Sport
HSE309 Study Notes Week 1 Sport and Exercise Psychology: The scientific study of people and their behaviour in sport and exercise contexts Two main objectives o Sport/exercise performance o Psychological development, health and wellbeing Approaches Teaching
Red = Academic Blue= Applied
Research
Consulting
Application of approaches are multifaceted (eg AIS approach) o Performance Enhancement -> Personal Development -> Lifestyle Management -> Group Dynamics -> Critical Interventions
Motivation: The direction and intensity of effort Views of motivation o Trait-centred Motivation behaviour is a function of individual characteristics o Situation-centred Motivation determined by the situation o Interactional Situation and traits of both of the above interact Achievement Motivation (why people approach or avoid competitive situations) o AKA Competitiveness o A person’s orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in accomplishments o Believe performance is going to be evaluated (peers/set standard) o Important because it influences: Choice of activities Frequency Persistence o Examples of this: Need Achievement Theory (McClelland & Atkinson)
Personality Factors x Situational Factors = Resultant Tendency -> Emotional Reactions -> Achievement Behaviour (approach success OR avoid failure) Goal Orientation Theory (Ames, Dweck, Duda, Maehr & Nicholls) Ego related Achievement goals are way to understand differences in achievement Three factors interact to determine person’s motivation 1. Achievement goals Outcome/competitive/ego goal orientated o Can be adaptive or maladaptive Task/mastery/performance goal orientated o Always adaptive Independent factors (mix of both) 2. Perceived Ability 3. Achievement Behaviour Adaptive/ Maladaptive o Stages of Achievement Theory o Self-comparison (0-4yo) -> Social Comparison (begins at 5yo) -> Mix of both (no particular age) Attribution Theory o How people explain their success and failure o Suggest we can classify all possible explanations into a few categories o Weiner’s Attribution Categories Stability, Locus of Causality and Locus of Control Strive for stable, internal and in one’s control o Importance People’s perceptions about causes of events effect expectations for future success or failure and other psychological factors which in turn effect achievement motivation o Biases in Attribution Self-serving Ego enhancing, Ego protecting Self-handicapping Anticipate self-serving bias and failure (make excuses before event) Intrinsic and extrinsic Motivation o IM – engage in activity for own sake o EM – engage in activity for external reason Cognitive evaluation Theory o Sub-theory of self-determinism theory Innate need to feel competent and self-determining Rewards have two functions (controlling and informational)
