emissions reduction
PUNTO ENERGIA
Energy conservation by control systems: a diagnosis in Politecnico di Milano University Campus
[email protected]
Introduction OVER-USING OF ENERGY SUPPLIES IS SIGNIFICANT IN TERMS OF ENERGY WASTES: • CARELESSNESS OF THE PEOPLE BEHAVIOR • ABSENCE OF EQUIPMENT DEDICATED TO PERFORM SPECIFIC CONTROLS IMPORTANCE OF LOCAL EQUIPMENTS MANAGEMENT BY ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES IN BUILDINGS SECTOR AND ESPECIALLY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
UNIVERSITY WHERE NEW GENERATION OF ENGENEERS AND ARCHITECTS ARE TRAINED IS ONE OF THE MOST RELEVANT PLACE FOR DISSEMINATING A CORRECT LIFE STYLE AND DESIGN APPROACH TO ENERGY SAVING
ASSESSMENT ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL DUE TO CONTROL SYSTEMS IN POLITECNICO DI MILANO BUILDINGS
[email protected]
The investigation Campus leonardo-bassini-bonardi of Politecnico di Milano 27 BUILDINGS BUILT IN SEVERAL AGES, SUPPLIED BY A DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM FUELLED BY A CENTRAL HEATING GENERATOR
3700 ZONES CLASSROOMS, OFFICES AND OTHER COMMON SPACES (80% OFFICES)
edificio
edificio 02 edificio 03 edificio 05 edificio 07 edificio 08 edificio 08B edificio 09 edificio 09A edificio 10 edificio 11 edificio 12 edificio 13 edificio 13A edificio 14 edificio 15 edificio 16 edificio 16A edificio 18 edificio 19 edificio 19A edificio 19B edificio 19C edificio 22 edificio 34 edificio 36 edificio 36A edificio 37
campus
Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Golgi_Clericetti Campus Golgi_Clericetti Campus Bassini Campus Bassini Campus Bassini Campus Bassini Campus Bassini Campus Golgi_Clericetti Campus Bassini Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi
anno di costruzione
1927 1927 1927 1927 1927 1935 1927 1936 1927 1962 1962 1963 1962 1963 1962 1967 1962 1965 1958 1965 1965 1965 1999 1978 1971 1994 1971
ambienti
328 293 308 89 199 7 188 6 48 221 177 93 23 506 140 112 13 261 149 5 6 14 77 368 4 34 24 3693
[email protected]
The investigation LARGE INVESTIGATION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 3700 ZONES FINAL DATABASE WITH MORE THAN 100 FIELDS FOR EACH ZONE ( ORIENTATION, LIGHTING LAYOUT AND ACTIVATION, HEATING AND COOLING DEVICES AND CONTROLS, ALARMS, WINDOWS, SHADING DEVICES, DESTINATION, … )
[email protected]
The investigation AS A RESULT, LIKE IN MOST COMMON BUILDINGS, IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBSERVE THAT: •THERE IS NO AUTOMATION FOR SHADING DEVICES MANAGEMENT (solar protections are activated in case of annoyance but then not opened immediately when the glare effect not subsist) •THERE IS NO LIGHTING ACTIVATION FOR A CORRECT INTEGRATION OF DAYLIGHTING AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING (usually most of the lamps are turned on with the same button at the same time) •THERE IS NO LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TURNING OFF LIGHTS WHEN ARE NOT NEEDED (in absence of persons or with acceptable natural daylight) •THERE ARE NO LOCAL CONTROL DEVICES FOR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS EXCEPT MANUAL ON/OFF SWITCHES WHERE FAN COILS ARE INSTALLED
10% 25% accensione random accensione a gruppi accensione a file
65%
Light activation mode [email protected]
The investigation AND MORE… • Shape, orientation of buildings and opaque/transparent surface distribution are quite random and don’t follow a bioclimatic approach; • windows have low performance (50% of them are single glazing with old frames) • shading devices are not often suitable for having a correct solar radiation control
35% 30% 25%
27%
28%
29%
W
E
23%
20% 15% 10% 5% 0% N
S
Shading device presence Zone exposures
[email protected]
Monitoring campaign
SENSORS FOR THE MEASURES OF TEMPERATURES, PRESENCE, LAMPS ON/OFF, ILLUMINANCE LEVEL, WINDOWS OPENED/CLOSED AND STATUS OF SHADING DEVICES HAVE BEEN INSTALLED
[email protected]
Monitoring campaign
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IS TURNED ON ALSO WHEN ROOMS ARE EMPTY AND/OR WHEN DAYLIGHTING IS ENOUGH FOR AN ADEQUATE VISUAL COMFORT LEVEL. A SIMPLY TIMER, ABLE TO TURN OFF LAMPS AFTER 30 MINUTES OF NON OCCUPATION, COULD PERMIT TO CUT THE ELECTRICITY WASTES FOR LIGHTING OF ABOUT 60%.
Shading device presence [email protected]
The energy consumptions HIGH SPECIFIC VALUE FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION (roughly 200 kWh/h2y and 150 kWh/h2y for electricity and gas respectively) AND HIGH OVERALL VALUE DURING THE NIGHT, THE WEEK ENDS AND HOLIDAYS (AUGUST), WHEN THE BUILDINGS ARE ALMOST EMPTY
TREND OF OVERALL ELECTRICITY CAMPUS DURING THE WEEK
LOADS
OF
THE TREND OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY LOADS OF THE CAMPUS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS
LARGE POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY SAVING BY ADOPTING CONTROL SYSTEMS
[email protected]
Saving potential due to control systems
FOLLOWING CONTROL DEVICES WERE CONSIDERED BOTH APPLIED SEPARATELY AND COMBINED (cascade-effect), WHERE POSSIBLE: •OPENING WINDOWS DETECTORS •PRESENCE SENSORS •DIFFERED ACTIVATION OF INTERNAL SHADING DEVICES •DAYLIGHT SENSORS (DIMMING)
39 POSSIBLE CONFIGURATIONS OF INTERVENTIONS
•DAYLIGHT SENSORS (ON/OFF) •DIFFERED ACTIVATION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING •THERMOSTATIC VALVES
•REDUCTION OF CONSUMPTIONS OF ELECTRICITY AND GAS
•TIMERS (FOR LIGHTING) DATI GENERALI
QUERY
H
C
Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi
Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo
Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2
Terra Terra Terra Soppalco Soppalco Primo Primo
IdVano
Area
SW
Piano
NE
Edificio
NW
Campus
E
Sede
S
Polo
W
CLEAR
N
Scheda
•CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCTION
ESP0SIZI0NE
L
spazi_c omuni
cod. int.
0,2% 7 109 144 145 210 235 306 313
4
Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano
040a 063b 063c 017b 001a 011 009
31,17 218 10,3 4,03 2,74 4,31 25,34 21,49 149,98
-
X X X X X X X
X X X -
X -
-
-
-
EVALUATE THE OVERALL REDUCTION AMONG ALL THE BUILDINGS OF THE CAMPUS
MACRO IN EXCEL
[email protected]
Saving potential due to control systems MONITORING CAMPAIGN + SCIENTIFIC LITERATURES SURVEY
ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION COEFFICIENTS FOR HEATING, COOLING AND LIGHTING
Office
Classroom
H
C
OPENING WINDOWS DETECTORS
97%
75%
PRESENCE SENSORS
88%
83%
L
63%
H
C
93%
80%
88%
83%
Passageway L
H
73%
C
Technical spaces L
65%
DAYLIGHT SENSORS (DIMMING)
76%
76%
76%
DAYLIGHT SENSORS (ON-OFF)
80%
80%
80%
DIFFERED ACTIVATION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
63%
68%
63%
TIMERS (FOR LIGHTING)
C
L
53%
75%
DIFFERED ACTIVATION OF INTERNAL SHADING DEVICES
THERMOSTATIC VALVES
H
80%
80%
80%
80%
78%
78%
[email protected]
Energy consumptions saving potential and CO2 emissions reduction THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY IS BASED ON THE ADOPTION OF PRESENCE SENSORS 100%
CO2 reduction Primary Energy red.
90%
OFFICE
Office
80%
•60% OF THE DEFINED INTERVENTIONS ARE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE FEATURES OF THE SPACES;
70% 60% 50%
•THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY CORRESPOND TO THE ADOPTION OF PRESENCE SENSORS COUPLED WITH DAYLIGHT SENSORS AND WITH A BETTER ACTIVATION OF LIGHTING
40% 30% 20% 10%
100%
CO2 reduction Primary Energy red.
90%
27.b
25
26.b
23.b
22.b
21.b
20.b
18
control system code
19.b
16
14
13.a
12.a
11.a
8
10.a
6
4
1
2.b
0%
Classroom
CLASSROOM
80% 70%
• ALMOST ALL THE DEFINED INTERVENTIONS ARE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE FEATURES OF THE SPACES;
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 27.b
26.b
25
23.b
22.b
21.b
20.b
control system code
19.b
18
16
14
13.a
12.a
11.a
10.a
8
6
4
1
2.b
0%
•THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY CORRESPOND ADOPTION OF PRESENCE SENSORS COUPLED WITH BUT ALSO SHADING DEVICES CONTROLS AND ACTIVATION OF LIGHTING PERMIT CONSPICUOUS SAVINGS
TO THE OTHERS, BETTER ENERGY
[email protected]
Energy consumptions saving potential and CO2 emissions reduction
100%
CO2 reduction Primary Energy red.
90%
PASSAGEWAYS
Passage way
80%
•HALF OF THE DEFINED INTERVENTIONS ARE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE FEATURES OF THE SPACES
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
100%
CO2 reduction Primary Energy red.
90%
27.b
25
26.b
23.b
22.b
21.b
20.b
18
control system code
19.b
16
14
13.a
12.a
11.a
8
10.a
6
4
2.b
1
0%
•THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY CORRESPOND TO THE ADOPTION OF PRESENCE SENSORS COUPLED WITH OTHERS, BUT ALSO SHADING DEVICES CONTROLS, DAYLIGHT SENSORS AND BETTER ACTIVATION OF LIGHTING PERMIT CONSPICUOUS ENERGY SAVINGS
Technical spaces
80%
TECHNICAL ROOMS
70% 60%
•ONLY FEW INTERVENTIONS ARE RECOMMENDED DUE TO THE FEATURES OF THE SPACES
50% 40% 30%
•PRESENCE SENSORS REPRESENT THE MOST IMPORTANT INTERVENTION
20% 10% 27.b
26.b
25
23.b
22.b
21.b
20.b
control system code
19.b
18
16
14
13.a
12.a
11.a
10.a
8
6
4
2.b
1
0%
[email protected]
Energy consumptions saving potential and CO2 emissions reduction Typical room
Size [m2]
MAX CO2-eq. reduction [kg]
MAX Primary Energy reduction [tep]
Office
22
722
0,26
Classroom
70
2459
0,91
Passageway
50
2710
0,97
Technical spaces
50
2492
0,89
• ALL CONTROL STRATEGIES ARE DEFINED IN ORDER TO REDUCE ELECTRICITY WASTE (THE ONLY CONTROL STRATEGY DEDICATED TO NATURAL GAS SAVING IS REPRESENTED BY THERMOSTATIC VALVES, OTHERWISE NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION REDUCTION COULD BE CONSIDERED AS A COLLATERAL EFFECT OF CONTROLS DEDICATED TO ELECTRICITY SAVINGS)
OVERALL CONSERVATIONS IN THE CAMPUS: •17% (795 TEP AS PRIMARY ENERGY) ELECTRICITY • 13% (165 TEP AS PRIMARY ENERGY) NATURAL GAS; NOTE: % OF ELECTRICITY SAVINGS ASSESSMENT IS CONSERVATIVE! CALCULATE AS RATIO WITH THE OVERALL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION OF THE CAMPUS - INCLUDING ALSO NEEDS ON WHICH CONTROL STRATEGIES COULD NOT HAVE ANY EFFECTS (EXTERNAL LIGHTING, AUXILIARY PUMPS FOR DISTRICT HEATING, ELEVATORS, etc.).
AVOIDED CO2 EMISSIONS •2230 TONCO2-EQ ELECTRICITY •384 TCO2-EQ NATURAL GAS
[email protected]
Further developments THE NEW MONITORING CAMPAIGN (AUT 2007 - SUM 2008) - OTHER ZONES LIKE CLASSROOMS AND COMMON SPACES WILL BE MONITORED - INSTALLATION OF ACTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS (COUPLED WITH TERMINALS OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS) INCLUDING: • WINDOWS OPENING DETECTORS • DAYLIGHT SENSORS • PRESENCE SENSORS • CO2 SENSORS • TEMPERATURE SENSORS - ELECTRIC PLANT MODIFICATIONS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A BETTER INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING AND DAYLIGHTING DUE TO A SMARTER ACTIVATION OF THE LAMPS
[email protected]
Conclusions OCCUPANTS BEHAVIOUR AND BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT HAS A VERY IMPORTANT ROLE IN ORDER TO PROMOTE A MORE RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY DESPITE THE ELABORATIONS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED WITH A CONSERVATIVE APPROACH, OBTAINED RESULTS IN TERMS OF ENERGY AND CO2 EMISSIONS CONSERVATIONS ARE CONSPICUOUS AND COULD BRING ALSO ECONOMIC BENEFITS
LOW ENERGY STRATEGIES IN BUILDINGS SHOULD INVOLVE NOT ONLY MAIN INTERVENTIONS ON ENVELOPE AND/OR PLANTS, BUT ALSO IN THE FIELD OF CONTROL SYSTEMS AND AUTOMATION.
Contact detectors
CO2 Sensors
Appliances
Daylighting Sensors
Presence Sensors
[email protected]
PUNTO ENERGIA
THANK YOU
[email protected]
Energy conservation by control systems: a diagnosis in Politecnico di Milano University Campus
[email protected]
Introduction OVER-USING OF ENERGY SUPPLIES IS SIGNIFICANT IN TERMS OF ENERGY WASTES: • CARELESSNESS OF THE PEOPLE BEHAVIOR • ABSENCE OF EQUIPMENT DEDICATED TO PERFORM SPECIFIC CONTROLS IMPORTANCE OF LOCAL EQUIPMENTS MANAGEMENT BY ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS AND TECHNIQUES FOR ENERGY SAVING STRATEGIES IN BUILDINGS SECTOR AND ESPECIALLY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
UNIVERSITY WHERE NEW GENERATION OF ENGENEERS AND ARCHITECTS ARE TRAINED IS ONE OF THE MOST RELEVANT PLACE FOR DISSEMINATING A CORRECT LIFE STYLE AND DESIGN APPROACH TO ENERGY SAVING
ASSESSMENT ENERGY SAVING POTENTIAL DUE TO CONTROL SYSTEMS IN POLITECNICO DI MILANO BUILDINGS
[email protected]
The investigation Campus leonardo-bassini-bonardi of Politecnico di Milano 27 BUILDINGS BUILT IN SEVERAL AGES, SUPPLIED BY A DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM FUELLED BY A CENTRAL HEATING GENERATOR
3700 ZONES CLASSROOMS, OFFICES AND OTHER COMMON SPACES (80% OFFICES)
edificio
edificio 02 edificio 03 edificio 05 edificio 07 edificio 08 edificio 08B edificio 09 edificio 09A edificio 10 edificio 11 edificio 12 edificio 13 edificio 13A edificio 14 edificio 15 edificio 16 edificio 16A edificio 18 edificio 19 edificio 19A edificio 19B edificio 19C edificio 22 edificio 34 edificio 36 edificio 36A edificio 37
campus
Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Golgi_Clericetti Campus Golgi_Clericetti Campus Bassini Campus Bassini Campus Bassini Campus Bassini Campus Bassini Campus Golgi_Clericetti Campus Bassini Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi Campus Bonardi
anno di costruzione
1927 1927 1927 1927 1927 1935 1927 1936 1927 1962 1962 1963 1962 1963 1962 1967 1962 1965 1958 1965 1965 1965 1999 1978 1971 1994 1971
ambienti
328 293 308 89 199 7 188 6 48 221 177 93 23 506 140 112 13 261 149 5 6 14 77 368 4 34 24 3693
[email protected]
The investigation LARGE INVESTIGATION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 3700 ZONES FINAL DATABASE WITH MORE THAN 100 FIELDS FOR EACH ZONE ( ORIENTATION, LIGHTING LAYOUT AND ACTIVATION, HEATING AND COOLING DEVICES AND CONTROLS, ALARMS, WINDOWS, SHADING DEVICES, DESTINATION, … )
[email protected]
The investigation AS A RESULT, LIKE IN MOST COMMON BUILDINGS, IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBSERVE THAT: •THERE IS NO AUTOMATION FOR SHADING DEVICES MANAGEMENT (solar protections are activated in case of annoyance but then not opened immediately when the glare effect not subsist) •THERE IS NO LIGHTING ACTIVATION FOR A CORRECT INTEGRATION OF DAYLIGHTING AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING (usually most of the lamps are turned on with the same button at the same time) •THERE IS NO LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR TURNING OFF LIGHTS WHEN ARE NOT NEEDED (in absence of persons or with acceptable natural daylight) •THERE ARE NO LOCAL CONTROL DEVICES FOR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS EXCEPT MANUAL ON/OFF SWITCHES WHERE FAN COILS ARE INSTALLED
10% 25% accensione random accensione a gruppi accensione a file
65%
Light activation mode [email protected]
The investigation AND MORE… • Shape, orientation of buildings and opaque/transparent surface distribution are quite random and don’t follow a bioclimatic approach; • windows have low performance (50% of them are single glazing with old frames) • shading devices are not often suitable for having a correct solar radiation control
35% 30% 25%
27%
28%
29%
W
E
23%
20% 15% 10% 5% 0% N
S
Shading device presence Zone exposures
[email protected]
Monitoring campaign
SENSORS FOR THE MEASURES OF TEMPERATURES, PRESENCE, LAMPS ON/OFF, ILLUMINANCE LEVEL, WINDOWS OPENED/CLOSED AND STATUS OF SHADING DEVICES HAVE BEEN INSTALLED
[email protected]
Monitoring campaign
ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IS TURNED ON ALSO WHEN ROOMS ARE EMPTY AND/OR WHEN DAYLIGHTING IS ENOUGH FOR AN ADEQUATE VISUAL COMFORT LEVEL. A SIMPLY TIMER, ABLE TO TURN OFF LAMPS AFTER 30 MINUTES OF NON OCCUPATION, COULD PERMIT TO CUT THE ELECTRICITY WASTES FOR LIGHTING OF ABOUT 60%.
Shading device presence [email protected]
The energy consumptions HIGH SPECIFIC VALUE FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION (roughly 200 kWh/h2y and 150 kWh/h2y for electricity and gas respectively) AND HIGH OVERALL VALUE DURING THE NIGHT, THE WEEK ENDS AND HOLIDAYS (AUGUST), WHEN THE BUILDINGS ARE ALMOST EMPTY
TREND OF OVERALL ELECTRICITY CAMPUS DURING THE WEEK
LOADS
OF
THE TREND OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY LOADS OF THE CAMPUS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS
LARGE POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY SAVING BY ADOPTING CONTROL SYSTEMS
[email protected]
Saving potential due to control systems
FOLLOWING CONTROL DEVICES WERE CONSIDERED BOTH APPLIED SEPARATELY AND COMBINED (cascade-effect), WHERE POSSIBLE: •OPENING WINDOWS DETECTORS •PRESENCE SENSORS •DIFFERED ACTIVATION OF INTERNAL SHADING DEVICES •DAYLIGHT SENSORS (DIMMING)
39 POSSIBLE CONFIGURATIONS OF INTERVENTIONS
•DAYLIGHT SENSORS (ON/OFF) •DIFFERED ACTIVATION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING •THERMOSTATIC VALVES
•REDUCTION OF CONSUMPTIONS OF ELECTRICITY AND GAS
•TIMERS (FOR LIGHTING) DATI GENERALI
QUERY
H
C
Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi Sede di MI Citta Studi
Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo Campus Leonardo
Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2 Edificio 2
Terra Terra Terra Soppalco Soppalco Primo Primo
IdVano
Area
SW
Piano
NE
Edificio
NW
Campus
E
Sede
S
Polo
W
CLEAR
N
Scheda
•CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCTION
ESP0SIZI0NE
L
spazi_c omuni
cod. int.
0,2% 7 109 144 145 210 235 306 313
4
Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano Polo di Milano
040a 063b 063c 017b 001a 011 009
31,17 218 10,3 4,03 2,74 4,31 25,34 21,49 149,98
-
X X X X X X X
X X X -
X -
-
-
-
EVALUATE THE OVERALL REDUCTION AMONG ALL THE BUILDINGS OF THE CAMPUS
MACRO IN EXCEL
[email protected]
Saving potential due to control systems MONITORING CAMPAIGN + SCIENTIFIC LITERATURES SURVEY
ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION COEFFICIENTS FOR HEATING, COOLING AND LIGHTING
Office
Classroom
H
C
OPENING WINDOWS DETECTORS
97%
75%
PRESENCE SENSORS
88%
83%
L
63%
H
C
93%
80%
88%
83%
Passageway L
H
73%
C
Technical spaces L
65%
DAYLIGHT SENSORS (DIMMING)
76%
76%
76%
DAYLIGHT SENSORS (ON-OFF)
80%
80%
80%
DIFFERED ACTIVATION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
63%
68%
63%
TIMERS (FOR LIGHTING)
C
L
53%
75%
DIFFERED ACTIVATION OF INTERNAL SHADING DEVICES
THERMOSTATIC VALVES
H
80%
80%
80%
80%
78%
78%
[email protected]
Energy consumptions saving potential and CO2 emissions reduction THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY IS BASED ON THE ADOPTION OF PRESENCE SENSORS 100%
CO2 reduction Primary Energy red.
90%
OFFICE
Office
80%
•60% OF THE DEFINED INTERVENTIONS ARE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE FEATURES OF THE SPACES;
70% 60% 50%
•THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY CORRESPOND TO THE ADOPTION OF PRESENCE SENSORS COUPLED WITH DAYLIGHT SENSORS AND WITH A BETTER ACTIVATION OF LIGHTING
40% 30% 20% 10%
100%
CO2 reduction Primary Energy red.
90%
27.b
25
26.b
23.b
22.b
21.b
20.b
18
control system code
19.b
16
14
13.a
12.a
11.a
8
10.a
6
4
1
2.b
0%
Classroom
CLASSROOM
80% 70%
• ALMOST ALL THE DEFINED INTERVENTIONS ARE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE FEATURES OF THE SPACES;
60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 27.b
26.b
25
23.b
22.b
21.b
20.b
control system code
19.b
18
16
14
13.a
12.a
11.a
10.a
8
6
4
1
2.b
0%
•THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY CORRESPOND ADOPTION OF PRESENCE SENSORS COUPLED WITH BUT ALSO SHADING DEVICES CONTROLS AND ACTIVATION OF LIGHTING PERMIT CONSPICUOUS SAVINGS
TO THE OTHERS, BETTER ENERGY
[email protected]
Energy consumptions saving potential and CO2 emissions reduction
100%
CO2 reduction Primary Energy red.
90%
PASSAGEWAYS
Passage way
80%
•HALF OF THE DEFINED INTERVENTIONS ARE POSSIBLE DUE TO THE FEATURES OF THE SPACES
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%
100%
CO2 reduction Primary Energy red.
90%
27.b
25
26.b
23.b
22.b
21.b
20.b
18
control system code
19.b
16
14
13.a
12.a
11.a
8
10.a
6
4
2.b
1
0%
•THE MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGY CORRESPOND TO THE ADOPTION OF PRESENCE SENSORS COUPLED WITH OTHERS, BUT ALSO SHADING DEVICES CONTROLS, DAYLIGHT SENSORS AND BETTER ACTIVATION OF LIGHTING PERMIT CONSPICUOUS ENERGY SAVINGS
Technical spaces
80%
TECHNICAL ROOMS
70% 60%
•ONLY FEW INTERVENTIONS ARE RECOMMENDED DUE TO THE FEATURES OF THE SPACES
50% 40% 30%
•PRESENCE SENSORS REPRESENT THE MOST IMPORTANT INTERVENTION
20% 10% 27.b
26.b
25
23.b
22.b
21.b
20.b
control system code
19.b
18
16
14
13.a
12.a
11.a
10.a
8
6
4
2.b
1
0%
[email protected]
Energy consumptions saving potential and CO2 emissions reduction Typical room
Size [m2]
MAX CO2-eq. reduction [kg]
MAX Primary Energy reduction [tep]
Office
22
722
0,26
Classroom
70
2459
0,91
Passageway
50
2710
0,97
Technical spaces
50
2492
0,89
• ALL CONTROL STRATEGIES ARE DEFINED IN ORDER TO REDUCE ELECTRICITY WASTE (THE ONLY CONTROL STRATEGY DEDICATED TO NATURAL GAS SAVING IS REPRESENTED BY THERMOSTATIC VALVES, OTHERWISE NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION REDUCTION COULD BE CONSIDERED AS A COLLATERAL EFFECT OF CONTROLS DEDICATED TO ELECTRICITY SAVINGS)
OVERALL CONSERVATIONS IN THE CAMPUS: •17% (795 TEP AS PRIMARY ENERGY) ELECTRICITY • 13% (165 TEP AS PRIMARY ENERGY) NATURAL GAS; NOTE: % OF ELECTRICITY SAVINGS ASSESSMENT IS CONSERVATIVE! CALCULATE AS RATIO WITH THE OVERALL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION OF THE CAMPUS - INCLUDING ALSO NEEDS ON WHICH CONTROL STRATEGIES COULD NOT HAVE ANY EFFECTS (EXTERNAL LIGHTING, AUXILIARY PUMPS FOR DISTRICT HEATING, ELEVATORS, etc.).
AVOIDED CO2 EMISSIONS •2230 TONCO2-EQ ELECTRICITY •384 TCO2-EQ NATURAL GAS
[email protected]
Further developments THE NEW MONITORING CAMPAIGN (AUT 2007 - SUM 2008) - OTHER ZONES LIKE CLASSROOMS AND COMMON SPACES WILL BE MONITORED - INSTALLATION OF ACTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS (COUPLED WITH TERMINALS OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS) INCLUDING: • WINDOWS OPENING DETECTORS • DAYLIGHT SENSORS • PRESENCE SENSORS • CO2 SENSORS • TEMPERATURE SENSORS - ELECTRIC PLANT MODIFICATIONS IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A BETTER INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING AND DAYLIGHTING DUE TO A SMARTER ACTIVATION OF THE LAMPS
[email protected]
Conclusions OCCUPANTS BEHAVIOUR AND BUILDINGS MANAGEMENT HAS A VERY IMPORTANT ROLE IN ORDER TO PROMOTE A MORE RATIONAL USE OF ENERGY DESPITE THE ELABORATIONS HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED WITH A CONSERVATIVE APPROACH, OBTAINED RESULTS IN TERMS OF ENERGY AND CO2 EMISSIONS CONSERVATIONS ARE CONSPICUOUS AND COULD BRING ALSO ECONOMIC BENEFITS
LOW ENERGY STRATEGIES IN BUILDINGS SHOULD INVOLVE NOT ONLY MAIN INTERVENTIONS ON ENVELOPE AND/OR PLANTS, BUT ALSO IN THE FIELD OF CONTROL SYSTEMS AND AUTOMATION.
Contact detectors
CO2 Sensors
Appliances
Daylighting Sensors
Presence Sensors
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PUNTO ENERGIA
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