Enhanced Photoluminescence and Solar Cell Performance via Lewis ...
Enhanced Photoluminescence and Solar Cell Performance via Lewis Base Passivation in Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites
Nakita Kimberly Noel,
1
Antonio Abate,
1
Samuel David Stranks,
1
Elizabeth Parrott,
1
Victor
Burlakov, 2 Alain Goriely, 2 Henry J. Snaith1* 1
Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom 2
Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory
Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom *Corresponding author: Henry J. Snaith, [email protected]
Supporting Information
Figure S1: Photoluminescence (PL) Decay of Thiophene-treated and Control Films.
A
thiophene treated sample fresh out of the glovebox compared to a control sample which has been exposed to dry air overnight. There is an increase in PL lifetime of the control sample which has been exposed to dry air overnight with respect to the sample which was freshly taken out of the glovebox. This is quite likely due to the passivation of the surface of the perovskite with atmospheric oxygen. Oxygen should also passivate lead vacancies in the same way which thiophene does. However, relying on atmospheric oxygen to passivate films is an uncontrolled method which is not wholly reproducible. In contrast to this, the thiophene passivated sample which was taken directly out of the glovebox with no prior atmospheric exposure, already achieves PL lifetimes of 500 ns.
Figure S2: Photoluminescence (PL) of Pyridine and tBP treated and Control Films. Pyridine and tBP treated samples fresh out of the glovebox compared to a control sample which has been exposed to dry air overnight. There is an increase in both PL intensity and the PLQE of the pyridine treated films as opposed to the control films. The same is seen for the PL lifetimes showing in (b) for the pyridine samples as compared to the tBP and control samples.
Figure S3: Performance parameters of a batch of planar heterojunction solar cells. Figure S3 shows the solar cell performance parameters extracted from JV curves measured under AM1.5 simulated sun light of 100mWcm-2 equivalent irradiance of a batch of devices. We see that the thiophene and pyridine treated devices consistently outperform the untreated devices in every performance parameter. Notably, the treated devices have consistently higher currents and voltages than are observed in the untreated devices and a much narrower spread in values.
Figure S4: SEM Images of Lewis base treated and untreated films. (a) Top-view SEM of an untreated film of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x . (b) Top-view SEM of a film of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x film which was treated with pyridine after crystallisation.
Figure S5: Absorbance of treated and untreated films.
Nakita Kimberly Noel,
1
Antonio Abate,
1
Samuel David Stranks,
1
Elizabeth Parrott,
1
Victor
Burlakov, 2 Alain Goriely, 2 Henry J. Snaith1* 1
Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1
3PU, United Kingdom 2
Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory
Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom *Corresponding author: Henry J. Snaith, [email protected]
Supporting Information
Figure S1: Photoluminescence (PL) Decay of Thiophene-treated and Control Films.
A
thiophene treated sample fresh out of the glovebox compared to a control sample which has been exposed to dry air overnight. There is an increase in PL lifetime of the control sample which has been exposed to dry air overnight with respect to the sample which was freshly taken out of the glovebox. This is quite likely due to the passivation of the surface of the perovskite with atmospheric oxygen. Oxygen should also passivate lead vacancies in the same way which thiophene does. However, relying on atmospheric oxygen to passivate films is an uncontrolled method which is not wholly reproducible. In contrast to this, the thiophene passivated sample which was taken directly out of the glovebox with no prior atmospheric exposure, already achieves PL lifetimes of 500 ns.
Figure S2: Photoluminescence (PL) of Pyridine and tBP treated and Control Films. Pyridine and tBP treated samples fresh out of the glovebox compared to a control sample which has been exposed to dry air overnight. There is an increase in both PL intensity and the PLQE of the pyridine treated films as opposed to the control films. The same is seen for the PL lifetimes showing in (b) for the pyridine samples as compared to the tBP and control samples.
Figure S3: Performance parameters of a batch of planar heterojunction solar cells. Figure S3 shows the solar cell performance parameters extracted from JV curves measured under AM1.5 simulated sun light of 100mWcm-2 equivalent irradiance of a batch of devices. We see that the thiophene and pyridine treated devices consistently outperform the untreated devices in every performance parameter. Notably, the treated devices have consistently higher currents and voltages than are observed in the untreated devices and a much narrower spread in values.
Figure S4: SEM Images of Lewis base treated and untreated films. (a) Top-view SEM of an untreated film of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x . (b) Top-view SEM of a film of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x film which was treated with pyridine after crystallisation.
Figure S5: Absorbance of treated and untreated films.
