Feeds and Speeds document - Techno CNC Support
FEEDS & SPEEDS I. FEEDRATES & RPM One of the most important factors when cutting material is the ‘chip load’. The chip load is the thickness of the chip being created by the cutter. [Chipload] x [# of flutes] x [RPM] = [feedrate]. If the chipload is too small, the cutter will heat up. This can result in burning, melting or premature wear of the cutter. A good starting point to find the chipload is about 2% of the cutter diameter. Softer materials and materials that melt should have a thicker chip closer to 4% of the cutter diameter. 2% 4%
Hard material: Brass, hardwood, cast acrylic, solid surface Soft material: Aluminum, MDF, particle board, extruded acrylic, sintra, polycarbonate
[2%-4%] x [cutter dia] x [#flutes] x [RPM] = [feedrate]. 1/4” 2 flute endmill .02 x .25 x 2 x 18000=180 .02 x .25 x 2 x 12000=120 .02 x .25 x 2 x 6000=60
1/8” 2 flute endmill .02 x .125 x 2 x 18000=90 .02 x .125 x 2 x 12000=60 .02 x .125 x 2 x 6000=30
1/4” 1 flute endmill .02 x .25 x 1 x 18000=90 .02 x .25 x 1 x 12000=60 .02 x .25 x 1 x 6000=30
1/8” 1 flute endmill .02 x .125 x 1 x 18000=45 .02 x .125 x 1 x 12000=30 .02 x .125 x 1 x 6000=15
1/4” 4 flute endmill .02 x .25 x 4 x 18000=360 .02 x .25 x 4 x 12000=240 .02 x .25 x 4 x 6000=120 Note that for each cutter, there is a feedrate range that corresponds to the RPM range. The number of flutes determine the range at which a cutter should be fed at. The number of flutes should be taken into consideration when cutting material. 3 and 4 flute cutters are best for high feedrates, while 1 and 2 flute cutters are best at lower feedrates. Also keep in mind that spindles have peak power at the higher RPMs. It is better to use a 2 flute cutter at 18000RPM than a 4 flute at 9000RPM. When dealing with material that melts, a thicker chip will reduce melting. When cutting deep into these materials, it becomes important to remove the chips from the cut. Cutters with less flutes are better capable of removing these chips. Also, larger cutters are better for dealing with melting. See Tables on Next Page ... HTT03350601
Tel: 516/328-3970 · Web: http://www.technocnc.com · E-mail [email protected]
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2% chipload for hard materials------------------------------------- Hardwood, solid surface, cast acrylic, brass 4% chipload for soft materials and materials that melt-------Polycarbonate, Sintra, MDF, extruded acrylic, aluminum
Feedrates & RPMs Cutter Dia Chipload RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 Cutter Dia Chipload RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
[Chipload] x [Cutter Dia] x [# flutes] x [RPM] = [Feedrate] 1/2 Cutter Dia 3/8 2% Chipload 2% Feedrate Feedrate Flutes: 1 2 3 4 RPM Flutes: 1 2 60 120 180 240 6000 45 90 70 140 210 280 7000 53 105 80 160 240 320 8000 60 120 90 180 270 360 9000 68 135 100 200 300 400 10000 75 150 110 220 330 440 11000 83 165 120 240 360 480 12000 90 180 130 260 390 520 13000 98 195 140 280 420 560 14000 105 210 150 300 450 600 15000 113 225 160 320 480 640 16000 120 240 170 340 510 680 17000 128 255 180 360 540 720 18000 135 270 190 380 570 760 19000 143 285 200 400 600 800 20000 150 300 210 420 630 840 21000 158 315 220 440 660 880 22000 165 330 230 460 690 920 23000 173 345 240 480 720 960 24000 180 360 1/2 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
Cutter Dia Chipload 2 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 840 880 920 960
3 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
4 480 560 640 720 800 880 960 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
3/8 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Cutter Dia Chipload 3 135 158 180 203 225 248 270 293 315 338 360 383 405 428 450 473 495 518 540
4 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 Cutter Dia Chipload
2 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
3 270 315 360 405 450 495 540 585 630 675 720 765 810 855 900 945 990 ### ###
4 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
1/4 2% Feedrate Flutes: 1 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 1/4 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
Cutter Dia Chipload 2 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
3 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
4 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 Cutter Dia Chipload
2 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
3 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
4 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 840 880 920 960
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
3/16 2% Feedrate Flutes: 1 23 26 30 34 38 41 45 49 53 56 60 64 68 71 75 79 83 86 90 3/16 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 45 53 60 68 75 83 90 98 105 113 120 128 135 143 150 158 165 173 180
Cutter Dia Chipload 2 45 53 60 68 75 83 90 98 105 113 120 128 135 143 150 158 165 173 180
3 68 79 90 101 113 124 135 146 158 169 180 191 203 214 225 236 248 259 270
4 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 Cutter Dia 0.04
2 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
3 135 158 180 203 225 248 270 293 315 338 360 383 405 428 450 473 495 518 540
4 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
1/8 2% Feedrate Flutes: 1 15 18 20 23 25 28 30 33 35 38 40 43 45 48 50 53 55 58 60
2 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
3 45 53 60 68 75 83 90 98 105 113 120 128 135 143 150 158 165 173 180
4 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
1/8 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
2 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
3 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
4 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
Hard material: Brass, hardwood, cast acrylic, solid surface Soft material: Aluminum, MDF, particle board, extruded acrylic, sintra, polycarbonate
[2%-4%] x [cutter dia] x [#flutes] x [RPM] = [feedrate]. 1/4” 2 flute endmill .02 x .25 x 2 x 18000=180 .02 x .25 x 2 x 12000=120 .02 x .25 x 2 x 6000=60
1/8” 2 flute endmill .02 x .125 x 2 x 18000=90 .02 x .125 x 2 x 12000=60 .02 x .125 x 2 x 6000=30
1/4” 1 flute endmill .02 x .25 x 1 x 18000=90 .02 x .25 x 1 x 12000=60 .02 x .25 x 1 x 6000=30
1/8” 1 flute endmill .02 x .125 x 1 x 18000=45 .02 x .125 x 1 x 12000=30 .02 x .125 x 1 x 6000=15
1/4” 4 flute endmill .02 x .25 x 4 x 18000=360 .02 x .25 x 4 x 12000=240 .02 x .25 x 4 x 6000=120 Note that for each cutter, there is a feedrate range that corresponds to the RPM range. The number of flutes determine the range at which a cutter should be fed at. The number of flutes should be taken into consideration when cutting material. 3 and 4 flute cutters are best for high feedrates, while 1 and 2 flute cutters are best at lower feedrates. Also keep in mind that spindles have peak power at the higher RPMs. It is better to use a 2 flute cutter at 18000RPM than a 4 flute at 9000RPM. When dealing with material that melts, a thicker chip will reduce melting. When cutting deep into these materials, it becomes important to remove the chips from the cut. Cutters with less flutes are better capable of removing these chips. Also, larger cutters are better for dealing with melting. See Tables on Next Page ... HTT03350601
Tel: 516/328-3970 · Web: http://www.technocnc.com · E-mail [email protected]
1
2% chipload for hard materials------------------------------------- Hardwood, solid surface, cast acrylic, brass 4% chipload for soft materials and materials that melt-------Polycarbonate, Sintra, MDF, extruded acrylic, aluminum
Feedrates & RPMs Cutter Dia Chipload RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 Cutter Dia Chipload RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
[Chipload] x [Cutter Dia] x [# flutes] x [RPM] = [Feedrate] 1/2 Cutter Dia 3/8 2% Chipload 2% Feedrate Feedrate Flutes: 1 2 3 4 RPM Flutes: 1 2 60 120 180 240 6000 45 90 70 140 210 280 7000 53 105 80 160 240 320 8000 60 120 90 180 270 360 9000 68 135 100 200 300 400 10000 75 150 110 220 330 440 11000 83 165 120 240 360 480 12000 90 180 130 260 390 520 13000 98 195 140 280 420 560 14000 105 210 150 300 450 600 15000 113 225 160 320 480 640 16000 120 240 170 340 510 680 17000 128 255 180 360 540 720 18000 135 270 190 380 570 760 19000 143 285 200 400 600 800 20000 150 300 210 420 630 840 21000 158 315 220 440 660 880 22000 165 330 230 460 690 920 23000 173 345 240 480 720 960 24000 180 360 1/2 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
Cutter Dia Chipload 2 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 840 880 920 960
3 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
4 480 560 640 720 800 880 960 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
3/8 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
Cutter Dia Chipload 3 135 158 180 203 225 248 270 293 315 338 360 383 405 428 450 473 495 518 540
4 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 Cutter Dia Chipload
2 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
3 270 315 360 405 450 495 540 585 630 675 720 765 810 855 900 945 990 ### ###
4 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
1/4 2% Feedrate Flutes: 1 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 1/4 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
Cutter Dia Chipload 2 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
3 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
4 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 Cutter Dia Chipload
2 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
3 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
4 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 840 880 920 960
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
3/16 2% Feedrate Flutes: 1 23 26 30 34 38 41 45 49 53 56 60 64 68 71 75 79 83 86 90 3/16 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 45 53 60 68 75 83 90 98 105 113 120 128 135 143 150 158 165 173 180
Cutter Dia Chipload 2 45 53 60 68 75 83 90 98 105 113 120 128 135 143 150 158 165 173 180
3 68 79 90 101 113 124 135 146 158 169 180 191 203 214 225 236 248 259 270
4 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 Cutter Dia 0.04
2 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
3 135 158 180 203 225 248 270 293 315 338 360 383 405 428 450 473 495 518 540
4 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 510 540 570 600 630 660 690 720
RPM 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000
1/8 2% Feedrate Flutes: 1 15 18 20 23 25 28 30 33 35 38 40 43 45 48 50 53 55 58 60
2 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
3 45 53 60 68 75 83 90 98 105 113 120 128 135 143 150 158 165 173 180
4 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
1/8 4% Feedrate Flutes: 1 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120
2 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240
3 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360
4 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480
