Genetically Modified Crops & Food
R
MAHARASHTRAORGANICFARMINGFEDERATION
OZwH$s` n[adVuV {nHo$ d AÞ _hmamï´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ, nwUo (§_m°\$) 1038/11, ~mbmOr {Zdmg, âb°Q> Z§. 5, H$m°g_m°g ~±H$ boZ, Xrn ~§Jbm Mm¡H$, _m°S>ob H$m°bZr, nwUo - 411 016 \$moZ Z§. (020) 25659090 / 32907302 Email :- [email protected], Website :- www.moffindia.com , www.moffindia.org
Am{U
Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ B§{S>`m Or-8 , {~«Q>moO AnmQ>©_|Q>, ZdrZ åhmngm Šbr{ZH$ Odi åhmngm - 403 507 , Jmodm (B§{S>`m), \$moZ Z§. (0832) 2255913 Email :- [email protected], Website :- www.ofai.org 1 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$s` n[adVuV {nHo$ d AÞ Sr. No.
Particulars
Page No.
1
Genetically Modified Crops & Food
3
2
Methods of Genetic Engineering
4
3
A typical Gene construct
5
4
Use of Genetic construct
6
5
Is Green Revolution the same as the Gene Revolution
7
6
Who owns the seed ?
8
7
Are GE crops needed to increase food production ?
9
8
Are GE crops the answer to malnutrition?
10
9
Is agriculture Biotechnology being implemented property in India ?
11
10
Which crops are available in India ?
12
11
Do we have GE foods in India ?
13
12
Wrong GE Research in India
14
13
Genetic Engineering is very expensive technology
15
14
The main properties of GE crops
16
15
What is herbicide tolerant (HT) plant
17
16
Is herbicide tolerance a suitable trait for India ?
18
17
Use of weeds in India
19
18
Are GE food superior to conventional food ?
20
19
Are GE crops patented in India ?
21
20
Will GE crops reduce the use of toxic chemicals ?
22
21
Concerns about GE crops / foods
23
22
Environmental impact
24
23
Global policy on GE crops in their centres of origin
25
24
Health impact of GE crops
26 2
_hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$s` n[adVuV {nHo$ d AÞ (Genetically Modified Crops & Food) g§H$bZ:- {Xbrnamd Xoe_wI ~maS>H$a
CnmÜ`j,
OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZ dmnê$Z AZ¡g{J©H$[aË`m nrH$ d OZmdam§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aVm `oVo Genetic Engineering is a technology that can produce plants & animals that are not “natural ” i.e “not possible in nature”. - Z¡g{J©H$ àOmoËnmXZmV ^mVmMm ^mVmer, Sw>H$amMm Sw>H$am§er g§`moJ KS>dbm OmVmo. - OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmV Sw>H$amÀ`m OZwH$mMm ^mVmer qH$dm ^mVmÀ`m OZwH$mMm Sw>H$am§er qH$dm _memÀ`m OZwH$mMm Q>mo_°Q>moer g§`moJ KS>dbm OmVmo.
3 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmÀ`m nÜXVr (METHOD OF GENETIC ENGINEERING)
1. OrZJZ dmna - JmoëS> ~rS> da OrZ H$ÝñQ´>ŠQ> doïy>Z nanoerV Kwgdbm OmVmo. (the gene construct is coated with gold beads & shot into cells) 2. A°J«mo~°ŠQ>o[a`_Mm g§gJ© KS>dyZ (Infecting with Agrobacterium) - gyú_ {OdmUy `O_mZ {nH$mÀ`m noerda h„m H$aVmV d earamV KwgVmV. (These bactaria infect the cell of the host plant and transfer the gene construct through the infected part)
4 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrZ H$ÝñQ´>ŠQ>Mm Z_wZm (A TYPICAL GENE CONSTRUCT)
à_moQ>a {gŠdoÝg
_mH©$a OZwH$
Q>{_©ZoQ>a {gŠdoÝg
OZwH$
[anmoQ>©a OZwH$
ßbmñ_rS>>
OZwH$$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmV Ho$di EH$ {^Þ OZwH$ Q>mH$bm OmV Zmhr. Va AZoH$ OZwH$m§Mm pŠbï> g_wh Q>mH$bm OmVmo. hm g_wh ßbmñ_rS> (EH$ àH$maÀ`m ìhm`ag er OmoS>bm OmVmo hm Z§Va noerV B§OoŠeZ AWdm BÝ\o$eZÛmao g§gJuV Ho$bm OmVmo.
5 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmMm dmna Hw$R>o hmoVmo (USE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING)
1. Am¡fY{Z{_©Vr joÌmV (Pharmaceuticals)
2. ImU CÚmoJmV (Mining) 3. àXyfU {ZdmaUmgmR>r (Environmental Clean up) 4. H¥${fjoÌmV (Agriculture) OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmMm H¥${fjoÌmV dmna H$aÊ`mg àIa {damoY Agë`mMo H$maU:OZVoV OrE_ {nHo$ {Z{_©Vr d AÞmÀ`m gwa{jVVo{df`r e§H$m
6 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
h[aVH«$m§Vr d OZwH$H«$m§Vr g_mZ Amho H$m`? (IS THE GREEN REVOLUTION THE SAME AS THE GENE REVOLUTION)
- Zmhr ,XmoKmV Iyn \$aH$ Amho. - h[aVH«$m§Vr H$mimV H$moUVohr noQ>§Q> ZìhVo. eoVH$è`m§Zm H$moUVohr {~`mUo _wº$nUo d _m\$H$ {H$_VrV CnbãY hmoVo. - OZwH$H«$m§Vr_Ü`o OZwH$ d {~`mÊ`mda ~hwamï´>r` H§$nÝ`m§Mm gdm©{YH$ma AgyZ Vo Iyn _hmJ Amho.
7 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
{~`mÊ`mda Hw$UmMm _mbH$s h¸$ ( WHO OWNS THE SEED ? )
- OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmda OJmVrb 6 ~hwamï´>r` {~`mUo H§$nÝ`mMm _mbH$s h¸$ Amho. - ho V§ÌkmZ dmnaÊ`mMr nadmZJr {_iÊ`mgmR>r àM§S> qH$_V _moOmdr bmJVo. h[aVH«$m§Vr H$mimV {~`mÊ`mda eoVH$è`m§Mm h¸$ hmoVm d Vo {~`mÊ`m§Mr d V§ÌkmZmMr _wº$nUo BVam§~amo~a XodmUKodmU H$ê$ eH$V hmoVo.
8 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
AÞCËnmXZ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r OrB© / OrE_ {nH$mMr JaO Amho H$m`? (ARE GE CROPS NEEDED TO INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION ?)
^maV ñdV:bm nwaob EdT>o AÞYmÝ` CËnmXZ H$arV Amho. AÞYmÝ`mMm nwaogm amIrd gmR>mhr CnbãY Amho. dmT>Ë`m bmoH$g§»`oMo nmoQ> ^aÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb à^mdr Cnm``moOZm H$aVm `oVrb 1. H$mT>Ur níMmV hmoUmar AÞYmÝ`mMr ZmgmS>r Wm§~dVm `oB©b. 2. A§XmOo 30 Q>¸o$ AÞYmÝ`mMr ZmgmS>r C§Xra d {H$S>`m§_wio JmoXm_mV hmoVo Vr Wm§~dVm `oB©b. 3. AÞ gmR>dUwH$sgmR>r `mo½` JmoXm_mMr gmo`, eoVr_mb eoVmVyZ ~mOmamV AmUVmZm dmhVwH$sÀ`m J¡agmo`r_wio hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ Q>miVm `oB©b. 4. nmÊ`mMr gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z ~mJmB©Vr joÌ dmT>dbo Va eoVH$ar Ho$di _mÝgyZ {nH$mda Adb§~yZ Z amhVm 2-3 h§Jm_mV A{YH$ {nHo$ Kody eH$Vrb. - Or B© /OrE_ {nHo$ hr CËnmXZdmT>rgmR>r Cn`moJmMr ZmhrV Vo Ho$di CËnmXZ IM© dmMdVmV. 9 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB©/ OrE_ {nH$m_wio Hw$nmofU Wm§~ob H$m` ? (ARE GE CROPS THE ANSWER TO MALNUTRITION ?)
Z¸$sM Zìho ! - ^mVmMo OrB© dmU JmoëS>Z amB©g _Ü`o OrdZgËd A OmñV Agë`mMm Xmdm Ho$bm OmV Amho. na§Vw Amnë`mH$S>o OrdZgËd A bmoh d I{ZO nXmWm©Mo _w~bH$ à_mU AgUmao AZoH$ ñWm{ZH$ dmU (^mVmgh {d{dY {nH$mV) CnbãY AmhoV. CXm. BH«$sg°Q>Zo H$mhr dfm©nydu àgmarV Ho$bob JmoëS>Z V¥UYmÝ`o, JmoëS>Z H$gmìhm , JmoëS>Z aVmio d nmofU_yë`o OmñV AgUmè`m ^mVmÀ`m AZoH$ OmVr - AmOhr ^mVmgh AZoH$ à_wI {nH$mV _w~bH$ OrdZgËdo, I{ZO nXmW© d nmofU_wë`o AgUmao {d{dY dmU eoVH$ar dmnamV AmhoV. na§Vw Ë`mda gImob g§emoYZ hmodyZ Ë`m§Mo g§dY©Z d àgma hmoV Zmhr. - Hw$nmofU Ho$di OrdZgËd A {_imë`mZoM hmoVo H$m`. V¥UYmÝ`, H$S>YmÝ` d ^mOrnmbm `m§À`m g§VwbrV godZmZo Hw$nmofU hmoÊ`mMm g§^dM Zmhr. Ho$di „ OrdZgËd A ‟ `m EH$mM JwU{deofmbm EdT>o _hËd XoUo `mo½` d g§`w{º$H$ Amho H$m`?
10 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
H¥${f O¡dV§ÌkmZmMm dmna `mo½` àH$mao hmoV Amho H$m` ? (IS AGRICULTURE BIOTECHNOLOGY BEING IMPLEMENTED PROPERLY IN INDIA ?)
- ^maVmV H¥${f O¡dV§ÌkmZ qH$dm OrB© {nH$m§~m~V {ZpíMV YmoaUM Zmhr. - Z°eZb A°H°$S>_r Am°\$ A°J«rH$ëMab gm`Ýg AWdm emókm§er g„m_gbV Z H$aVm H$mhr _moOŠ`m bmoH$m§ZrM OrB© {nH$mMo YmoaU V`ma Ho$bo Amho. - eoVH$ar d ZmJarH$m§er MMm© Z H$aVmM OrB© {nHo$ bmXbr Jobr AmhoV.
11 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmV H$moUVr OrB© {nHo$ AmhoV. (WHICH GE CROPS ARE AVAILABLE IN INDIA ?)
AmOÀ`m KS>rbm \$º$ ~rQ>r H$mnyg bmJdS>rgmR>r CnbãY Amho. ^mV, Mdir, ~Q>mQ>o, V§~mIy, _mohar, Q>mo_°Q>mo, dm§Jo, \w$bH$mo~r, {_aMr , Ho$ir, H$mo~r, Ia~yO, CS>rX, H$m°\$s, Vya, Jhÿ, ^yB©_yJ, qb~y, g§Ìm, _mog§~r, `mda g§emoYZ Mmby Amho.
12 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmV OrB© AÞnXmW© AmhoV H$m` ? (DO WE HAVE GE FOODS IN INDIA ?)
- A{YH¥$V[aË`m ^maVmV H$moUVohr OrB© AÞnrH$ bmJdS>rgmR>r dmnabo OmV Zmhr. - nnB© d BVa {nH$mMr bmJdS> ~oH$m`Xoera[aË`m hmoV Agë`mMr eŠ`Vm ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr. - emgZmZo AmVm OrB© dm§Jo, ^|S>r, ~Q>mQ>o {nH$mbm nadmZJr XoUo Mmby Ho$bo Amho. BVa {nH$m~m~Vhr bdH$aM {ZU©` KoÊ`mV `oBb © . naXoemVyZ Am`mV hmoV Agboë`m _H$m d gmo`m~rZ nmgyZ à{H«$`m Ho$bobo nXmW© CXm. gmo`m~rZ , gmo`mZJoQ>g, Q>mo\y$, _H$m {Mßg, Q>mo_°Q>mo ß`war BË`mXrV OrB© KQ>H$ Agë`mMr XmQ> e§H$m Amho.
13 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmVrb MwH$sMo OrB© g§emoYZ (WRONG GE RESEARCH IN INDIA)
- Q>m°ŠgrZ {dahrV Ho$gar Xmir Lathyrus da g§emoYZ d Mmam {nH$mV nm¡ï>rH$ KQ>H$ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r g§emoYZ H$aÊ`mEodOr - JaO ZgVmZm ~rQ>r H$mo~r, ~rQ>r \w$bH$mo~r , ~rQ>r {_aMr , ~rQ>r dm§Jo, ~r Q>r V§~mIyda g§emoYZ hmoV Amho.
14 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s ho _hmJS>o V§ÌkmZ (GENETIC ENGINEERING IS VERY EXPENSIVE TECHNOLOGY)
- gd©gmYmaU dmUmÀ`m g§emoYZmgmR>r IM©, A§XmOo 1 bj S>m°bg© - OrB© dmUmÀ`m g§emoYZmgmR>r IM©, A§XmOo 25 Xebj S>m°bg© - ~rQ>r H$mnyg {~`mUo qH$_V - ê$. 1800/450 J«°_ {nedr - Xoer H$mnyg {~`mUo qH$_V ê$. 300-400 /450 J«°_ {nedr
15 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© {nH$mMr à_wI d¡{eîQ>ço (THE MAIN PROPERTIES OF GE CROPS)
- ~°{gbg Ww[a¨ZOoÝgrg `m {OdmUyVrb ~rQ>r OZwH$mÀ`m à^mdm_wio {H$S>r§Mm à{V~§Y hmoVmo. - qH$dm {nH$m_Ü`o VUZmeH$ ghZ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm àmá hmoVo. ìhm`ag à{V~§YmgmR>r _moOŠ`m {nH$mda ìhm`ag g§emoYZ Mmby Amho.
16 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
VUZmeH$ ghZ H$aUmar nrH$ åhUOo H$m` ? (WHAT IS HERBICIDE TOLERANT (HT) PLANT )
- (EM Q>r) h{~©gmB©S> Q>m°ba§Q> nrH$ åhUOo Á`m {nH$mV VUZmeH$ dmnabo Va {nH$mbm BOm Z hmoVm \$º$ VU _aVo. - amD§$S> An aoS>r _H$m `m OrB© {nH$mV amD§$S> An ho VUZmeH$ \$dmabo Va _H$m {nH$mda Ë`mMm H$mhrhr n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr na§Vw VU d BVa PmS>o _mÌ _aVmV.
17 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
VUZmeH$ ghZ H$aUm-`m OrB© {nH$m§Mr ^maVmV JaO Amho H$m` ? (IS HERBICIDE TOLERANCE A SUITABLE TRAIT FOR INDIA?)
Zmhr ! - 90 % OrB© {nH$mV VUZmeH$ ghZ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm d ~rQ>r OrZMm g_mdoe Ho$bobm Amho. - nmpíM_mË` XoemV eoVH$è`m§H$S>o eoH$S>mo hoŠQ>a O{_Z AgyZ _Owam§Mr àM§S> Q>§MmB© Amho, Ë`m{R>H$mUr EM Q>r OrB© {nH$m§Mr JaO Amho. - eoH$S>mo hoŠQ>a_Ü`o EH$M nrH$ KoÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVr_wio VUmMm àíZ VoWo J§^ra Amho. - ^maVmV n[apñWVr {^Þ Amho, åhUyZ EM Q>r {nH$m§Mr JaO Zmhr. - ^maVmV VU Jwam§Zm Mmam åhUyZ dmnabo OmVo åhUyZ agm`ZmZo Vo OmiUo MwH$sMo Amho. - ^maVmV _w~bH$ eoV_Oya CnbãY AmhoV. VUZmeH$ dmnam_wio ~oamoOJmarMm àíZ {Z_m©U hmoBb © . ^maVmV ~hwnrH$ qH$dm {_lnrH$ nÜXV Agë`m_wio EM Q>r V§ÌkmZ Cn`moJmMo Zmhr - J«m_rU ^maVmVrb _{hbm§gmR>r {Z§XU ho amoOJmamMo à_wI gmYZ Amho.
18 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmV VUm§Mm Cn`moJ (USE OF WEEDS IN INDIA)
- _mR>, Vm§XwiOm, M§XZdZ, Kmoi, BË`mXr VUm§Mr nmoï>rH$ ^mOr - Xw^Ë`m d BVa Jwam§Zm Mmam - _mUgo d OZmdam§gmR>r Am¡fYr dZñnVr åhUyZ H$mhr VUm§Mm Cn`moJ hmoVmo.
OrB© {nH$m§Ûmao amoJà{V~§YH$ bgrH$aU gwa{jV Amho H$m` ? (ARE GENETICALLY ENGINEERED “EDIBLE” VACCINES SAFE?)
- OrB© Q>a~yO d Q>mo_°Q>moMr {Z{_©Vr H$m°bam d a°~rO à{V~§YH$ bg åhUyZ Ho$br OmV Amho. - „H$m°bam Q>a~yO ‟ d „a°~rO Q>mo_°Q>mo‟Mm Cn`moJ \$º$ Q>mo_°Q>mo Q>a~yO ImUmè`mgmR>rM hmoUma Amho. - `m nÜXVrZo bgrH$aU Cn`wº$ d n[aUm_H$maH$ hmoUma Zmhr. - ^anya \$io ImUm-`m _wbm§Zr OrB© Q>a~yO Q>mo_°Q>mo BVa \$img_doV Im„r Va H$m` hmoB©b ? - \$im_Ü`o bgrMo à_mU {H$Vr Agmdo `mda {Z`§ÌU R>odUo AdKS> Amho, H$À`m \$imV {H$Vr à_mU _m{hV Zmhr. - A{Vn¹$ \$imV {H$Vr à_mU Agob `mMr _m{hVr Zmhr. - ImÊ`m`mo½` nXmWm©ìXmao bgrH$aUmMr nÜXV YmoH$mXm`H Amho.$ 19 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
àMbrV AÞmnojm OrB© AÞ gag Amho H$m` ? (ARE GE FOOD SUPERIOR TO CONVENTIONAL FOODS?)
Zmhr !! - OrB© AÞ àMbrV AÞmnojm H$moUË`mhr Ñï>rZo gag Zmhr. Vo A{YH$ MdXma Zmhr, {Xgm`bm A{YH$ AmH$f©H$ Zmhr , A{YH$ nm¡îQ>rH$ Zmhr, A{YH$ ñdñV Zmhr. - Or B© V§ÌkmZm_wio àMbrV AÞmbm n`m©` {Z_m©U Pmbm Zmhr. - CbQ> OrB© AÞ _mZdr Amamo½` d n`m©daUmgmR>r YmoH$mXm`H$ Amho.
20 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmV OrB© {nH$m§Mo noQ>§Q> {_iVo H$m`? (ARE GE CROPS PATENTED IN INDIA)
- A_o[aHo$V {nH$m§Mo noQ>Q§ > {_iy eH$Vo, na§Vw ^maVr` H$m`ÚmV nrH$ qH$dm {nH$mÀ`m noer dm OZwH$mMo noQ>§Q> XoÊ`mMr VaVwX Zmhr . ^maVmÀ`m “Xr àmoQ>oŠeZ Am°\$ ßb±Q> ìham`Q>rO A±S> \$m_©g© amB©Q>g” H$m`ÚmZwgma OrB© qH$dm ZdrZ dmU emoYUmè`m g§emoYH$mbm Vo dmU dmT>dÊ`mMm A{YH$ma (Plant Breeders Right) {_iVmo - ^maVr` H$m`ÚmZwgma eoVH$ar d ~«rS>abm h¸$ {_iy eH$VmV. - nrH$ qH$dm OZwH$m§gmR>r {_iboë`m noQ>§Q> h¸$m_wio eoVH$ar d XoemÀ`m {hVmbm ~mYm `ody eH$Vo. - Ë`m_wio H$m`ÚmZo {nH$mMo AWdm {~`mÊ`mMo noQ>§Q> h¸$ XoVmZm AË`§V OmJê$H$ Agbo nm{hOo.
21 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© {nH$m§_wio {dfmar agm`Zm§Mm dmna H$_r hmoUma Amho H$m ? ( WILL GE CROPS REDUCE THE USE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS )
- Vgo hmoUma Zmhr ! - CbQ> {dfmar agm`Zm§Mo A§e dmT>Vrb. - ~hwVoH$ OrB© {nH$m§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aUmar H§$nZr VUZmeH$hr {dH$Vo CXm. _moÝgmQ>mo _moÝgm§Q>mo H§$nZrÀ`m amD§$S> An aoS>r gmo`m~rZgmR>r Ë`m§MoM VUZmeH$ amD§$S>An dmnamdo bmJVo - A_o[aHo$À`m H¥${f {d^mJmÀ`m (USDA)AhdmbmZwgma amD§$S>An aoS>r gmo`m~rZ_wio amD§$S>An VUZmeH$m§Mm dmna 22 % dmT>bm Amho. Ë`m_wio {dfmar A§e dmT>bo.
22 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© {nHo$ / AÞ H$m ZH$mo ? (CONCERNS ABOUT GE CROPS / FOODS )
- eoVH$è`m§gmR>r - _hmJS>o d OmoI_rMo V§ÌkmZ - J«mhH$m§gmR>r - Agwa{jV AÞ - CÚmooJmgmR>r -OrB© {nH$m§Zm ~mOmanoR> Amho H$m`? - Zmhr - Or B© {nH$m_wio BVa g|{Ð` {nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Va H§$nZrbm O~m~Xma YaÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm ZwH$gmZ ^anmB© XoÊ`mgmR>r H§$nZrbm ~mÜ` H$aUmam H$m`Xm ApñVËdmV Zmhr. - ^maVr` n[apñWVrÀ`m Ñï>rZo OrB© {nH$m§Zm doJio bo~b bmdUo àË`jmV eŠ` Zmhr.
23 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
dmVmdaUmda n[aUm_ (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT)
- g§~§Y Zgboë`m A`mo½` OZwH$mMm g§gJ© Pmë`mg Anm`H$maH$ VUm§Mr Zd{Z{_©Vr hmody eH$Vo -naŠ`m OZwH$m§À`m {eaH$mdm_wio ñWm{ZH$ O¡dd¡{dYVoda Xwîn[aUm_ hmody eH$VmV. - OZwH$s` àXwfUm_yio ñWm{ZH$ _mV¥{nH$m§Zm ~mYm `ody eH$Vo. (CX. _H$m, gmo`m~rZ, ~Q>mQ>o, ^mV)
24 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
_mV¥{nH$ Xoem§Mo OmJ{VH$ YmoaU (GLOBAL POLICY ON GE CROPS IN THEIR CENTRES OF ORIGIN)
A.H«$
Xoe
_mV¥{nH$mMo Zmd
OrB© YmoaU
1
_opŠgH$mo _H$m
~§Xr
2
MrZ
gmoo`m~rZ
~§Xr
3
noê$
~Q>mQ>o
~§Xr
4
^maV
^mV
OrB© ^mV {Z{_©Vr g§emoYZ Mmby (`mo½` Amho H$m`?)
25 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞmMm Amamo½`mda n[aUm_ (HEALTH IMPACT OF GE FOODS)
- A°bOu V`ma hmoÊ`mg gj_ (CXm. ~«mPrb ZQ> gmo`m , ñQ>maqbH$ _H$m) - {df~mYm hmody eH$Vo (CXm. OrB© {Q´>ßQ>mo\°$Z) - bg`wº$ ImÚmÞ Agwa{jV (CXm. a°~rO , H$m°bam, bg`wº$ Ho$ir d Q>a~yO) - \$imMr BVa \$imgmo~V {_gi hmodyZ \y$S> MoZbm ~mYm - H$ÀÀ`m d A{Vn¹$ \$imV AgUm-`m bgrÀ`m à_mUm_wio H$_r OmñV Xwîn[aUm_
26 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞm_wio \$m`Xo - VmoQ>o (RISK - BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF GE FOODS)
- OrB© AÞ ñdñV Zmhr, A{YH$ MdrMo Zmhr d OmñV nm¡ï>rH hr$ Zmhr . - AÞgwajoÀ`m H$maUmgmR>r OrB© AÞmMm pñdH$ma H$aUo A`mo½` d YmoŠ`mMo - ZdrZ A°bOuZMr {Z{_©Vr hmody eH$Vo (CXm. ~«mPrb ZQ> gmo`m, ñQ>maqbH$ _H$m) - ZdrZ {df {Z{_©Vr hmody eH$Vo (CXm. OrB© {Q´>ßQ>mo\°$Z {dfm_wio 37 _¥Ë`w) - OrB© _H$m, ~Q>mQ>o d Q>_mQ>o C§Xam§Zm Imdy KmVë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`m Ad`dmg BOm Pmbr, amoJ à{VH$maeº$s H$_r Pmbr d H$mhr _aU nmdbo.
27 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞmMr gwa{jVVm Vnmgbr H$m` ? (ARE GE CROPS TESTED PROPERLY)
- OrB© AÞmMr `mo½` VnmgUr Pmbr H$s Zmhr Hw$UmbmM _m{hV Zmhr. - H|$Ð emgZ qH$dm {OZo{Q>H$ B§{O{Z`[a¨J Aàwìhb H${_Q>r
(GEAC)
`m~m~V H$moUVrhr
_m{hVr XoÊ`mg ZH$ma XoVmV. - OZVoZo qH$dm ñd`§godr g§ñWoZo OrB© {nH$m§Mr O¡dgwajm AWdm n[ajU nÜXVr {df`r {dMmaboë`m H$moUË`mhr àíZmMo CÎma ZmH$maÊ`mV `oVo.
28 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞ gwa{jV Amho H$m` ? (IS GE FOOD SAFE?) - AZoH$ d¡km{ZH$ nwamì`mZwgma OrB© AÞ gwajrV ZmhrV. - CSIRO, Am°ñQ´>o{b`m À`m ZdrZ g§emoYZmZwgma OrB© dmQ>mUo C§Xambm Imdy KmVë`mZo Ë`m§À`m \w$\w$gmbm gyO Ambr, A°bOuH$ [aA°ŠeZ {XgyZ Ambr. - _moÝgmQ>moZo Ho$boë`m JmonZr` g§emoYZmV OrB© _H$m Imdy KmVboë`m C§XamÀ`m Ad`dmda J§^ra n[aUm_ Pmë`mMo AmT>ibo. - OrB© ~Q>mQ>o C§Xam§Zm Imdy KmVë`mZ§Va Ad`dmda BOm Pmbr , VgoM Ë`m§Mr amoJà{VH$ma eº$s H$_r Pmbr. - OmJVrH$ ñVamda Pmboë`m Ag§»` g§emoYZ AhdmbmZwgma OrB© AÞ godZmZ§Va Imbrb AZw^d Ambo. - C§XamÀ`m AmVS>çm§Zm AmoaIS>o - JmB©_Ü`o Am^mgr J^©YmaUm (Virtual Pregnency) - OZmdamV n|etMr A{Z`§ÌrV dmT> - AZwd§{eH$ amoJà{VH$ma j_VoV KQ>. - AÞgmIirV naŠ`m OZwH$mÀ`m {eaH$mdm_wio ZdrZM {dfmar agm`ZmMr {Z{_©Vr hmody eH$Vo. d _mZd d newMr Immunity Zï> hmoD$ eH$Vo. - gZ 1994 _Ü`o Ooìhm Zd{Z{_©V OrB© Q>_mQ>o à`moJemioV C§Xam§Zm Imdy KmVbo Voìhm AZoH$ C§Xam§Zr Ë`mbm Vm|S> bmdbo Zmhr. H$mhr C§Xam§À`m AmVS>çm§Zm BOm Pmbr d 40 n¡H$s 9 C§Xra 2 AmR>dS>çmV _aU nmdbo. 29 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞ H$go Q>miVm `oB©b ( HOW CAN ONE AVOID GE FOODS ? )
- naXoemVyZ Am`mV Ho$bobo _H$m, gmo`m~rZ , ~Q>mQ>o d Q>mo_°Q>moMo à{H«$`m`wº$ nXmW© {dH$V Kody ZH$m, Vo OrB© Agy eH$VmV. - OrB© AÞmda bo~b Zgë`mZo àË`jmV Vo H$aUo H$R>rU Amho. - Amnë`m Hw$Q§w>{~`m§Zm , {_Ìm§Zm d ghH$mè`m§Zm OrB© AÞmÀ`m YmoŠ`mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z Úm - emgZmbm OrB© AÞmÀ`m gwa{jVVoMr h_r Omhra H$aÊ`mg ~mÜ` Ham. - OrB© nrH$ d AÞmg~§Yr H$moUVohr {ZU©` KoVmZm OZVobm {dídmgmV KoÊ`mMm AmJ«h emgZmH$S>o Yam.
30 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
AÞm~m~V Z¡{VH$ / Ym{_©H$ {Z`_ (ETHICAL / RELIGIOUS CONCERNS ABOUT FOOD)
- _wñbr_ d Á`y bmoH$m§Mm AÞmV Sw>H$am§À`m OZwH$mg {damoY - qhXy bmoH$m§Mm Jmo_mVoÀ`m OZwH$mg Amjon - emH$mhmar bmoH$m§Mm AÞmV OZmdamMo OZwH$ dmnaÊ`mg {damoY
31 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© {nHo$ d g|{Ð` {nHo$ EH$Ì amhÿM eH$Uma ZmhrV. (GE CROPS AND ORGANIC CROPS CAN NOT COEXIST IN INDIA)
- ^maV Xoembm OrB© {nHo$ qH$dm g|{Ð` {nHo$ XmoKm§n¡H$s EH$mMrM {ZdS> H$amdr bmJob - bhmZ ^yYmaH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm OrB© d BVa {nHo$ doJdoJir ñdV§ÌnUo KoUo AeŠ` Amho. - OrB© {nH$m§Mm BVa gd©M {nH$m§er g§gJ© Pmë`mda H$m` hmoB©b. 1.eoVH$è`m§nwT>o OrB© {edm` n`m©`M CaUma Zmhr 2. J«mhH$m§Zm Ho$di OrB© AÞM {_iob. `mCbQ> :- g|{Ð` eoVH$ar eoVrH$S>o Xm[aX²>«`{Z_©ybZmMo gmYZ åhUyZ nmhVmo. - g|{Ð` ~mOmanoR> doJmZo dmT>V Amho. - ^maVmbm g|{Ð` eoVrÛmao OJmV AJ«oga hmoÊ`mg VwbZoZo OmñV dmd Amho.
32 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© d g|{Ð` {nH$m§Mr VwbZm (SO, GE OR ORGANIC ?)
A.H«$
OrB© {nHo$
g|{Ð` {nHo$
1
naHo$ V§ÌkmZ
- ñdXoer d n[aMrV V§ÌkmZ
2
g_ñ`mMo {ZdmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
eoVH$ar ñdV: g_ñ`m gmoS>dÊ`mg
eoVH$è`m§Zm Xwgè`mda Adb§~yZ
g_W©
ahmdo bmJVo. 3
_hmJS>o
nadS>Umao
4
OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>oV dmT>Vm {damoY
OmJVrH$ ~mOmanoR>oV dmT>
5
^{dî` Ywga
- OmJVrH$ ñVamda J«mhH$m§À`m g|{Ð`
-158 Xoe / amÁ`m§Mm {d^mJm§Mm Or
_mJUrV Xadfu 20 %$ dmT>
E_ _wº$ amhÊ`mMm {ZU©`
gm¡OÝ` :- S>m°. gw_Z ghm`, OrZ H±$noZ, Zdr {X„r 33 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
YÝ`dmX !
34 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
MAHARASHTRAORGANICFARMINGFEDERATION
OZwH$s` n[adVuV {nHo$ d AÞ _hmamï´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ, nwUo (§_m°\$) 1038/11, ~mbmOr {Zdmg, âb°Q> Z§. 5, H$m°g_m°g ~±H$ boZ, Xrn ~§Jbm Mm¡H$, _m°S>ob H$m°bZr, nwUo - 411 016 \$moZ Z§. (020) 25659090 / 32907302 Email :- [email protected], Website :- www.moffindia.com , www.moffindia.org
Am{U
Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ Agmo{gEeZ Am°\$ B§{S>`m Or-8 , {~«Q>moO AnmQ>©_|Q>, ZdrZ åhmngm Šbr{ZH$ Odi åhmngm - 403 507 , Jmodm (B§{S>`m), \$moZ Z§. (0832) 2255913 Email :- [email protected], Website :- www.ofai.org 1 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$s` n[adVuV {nHo$ d AÞ Sr. No.
Particulars
Page No.
1
Genetically Modified Crops & Food
3
2
Methods of Genetic Engineering
4
3
A typical Gene construct
5
4
Use of Genetic construct
6
5
Is Green Revolution the same as the Gene Revolution
7
6
Who owns the seed ?
8
7
Are GE crops needed to increase food production ?
9
8
Are GE crops the answer to malnutrition?
10
9
Is agriculture Biotechnology being implemented property in India ?
11
10
Which crops are available in India ?
12
11
Do we have GE foods in India ?
13
12
Wrong GE Research in India
14
13
Genetic Engineering is very expensive technology
15
14
The main properties of GE crops
16
15
What is herbicide tolerant (HT) plant
17
16
Is herbicide tolerance a suitable trait for India ?
18
17
Use of weeds in India
19
18
Are GE food superior to conventional food ?
20
19
Are GE crops patented in India ?
21
20
Will GE crops reduce the use of toxic chemicals ?
22
21
Concerns about GE crops / foods
23
22
Environmental impact
24
23
Global policy on GE crops in their centres of origin
25
24
Health impact of GE crops
26 2
_hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$s` n[adVuV {nHo$ d AÞ (Genetically Modified Crops & Food) g§H$bZ:- {Xbrnamd Xoe_wI ~maS>H$a
CnmÜ`j,
OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZ dmnê$Z AZ¡g{J©H$[aË`m nrH$ d OZmdam§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aVm `oVo Genetic Engineering is a technology that can produce plants & animals that are not “natural ” i.e “not possible in nature”. - Z¡g{J©H$ àOmoËnmXZmV ^mVmMm ^mVmer, Sw>H$amMm Sw>H$am§er g§`moJ KS>dbm OmVmo. - OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmV Sw>H$amÀ`m OZwH$mMm ^mVmer qH$dm ^mVmÀ`m OZwH$mMm Sw>H$am§er qH$dm _memÀ`m OZwH$mMm Q>mo_°Q>moer g§`moJ KS>dbm OmVmo.
3 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmÀ`m nÜXVr (METHOD OF GENETIC ENGINEERING)
1. OrZJZ dmna - JmoëS> ~rS> da OrZ H$ÝñQ´>ŠQ> doïy>Z nanoerV Kwgdbm OmVmo. (the gene construct is coated with gold beads & shot into cells) 2. A°J«mo~°ŠQ>o[a`_Mm g§gJ© KS>dyZ (Infecting with Agrobacterium) - gyú_ {OdmUy `O_mZ {nH$mÀ`m noerda h„m H$aVmV d earamV KwgVmV. (These bactaria infect the cell of the host plant and transfer the gene construct through the infected part)
4 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrZ H$ÝñQ´>ŠQ>Mm Z_wZm (A TYPICAL GENE CONSTRUCT)
à_moQ>a {gŠdoÝg
_mH©$a OZwH$
Q>{_©ZoQ>a {gŠdoÝg
OZwH$
[anmoQ>©a OZwH$
ßbmñ_rS>>
OZwH$$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmV Ho$di EH$ {^Þ OZwH$ Q>mH$bm OmV Zmhr. Va AZoH$ OZwH$m§Mm pŠbï> g_wh Q>mH$bm OmVmo. hm g_wh ßbmñ_rS> (EH$ àH$maÀ`m ìhm`ag er OmoS>bm OmVmo hm Z§Va noerV B§OoŠeZ AWdm BÝ\o$eZÛmao g§gJuV Ho$bm OmVmo.
5 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmMm dmna Hw$R>o hmoVmo (USE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING)
1. Am¡fY{Z{_©Vr joÌmV (Pharmaceuticals)
2. ImU CÚmoJmV (Mining) 3. àXyfU {ZdmaUmgmR>r (Environmental Clean up) 4. H¥${fjoÌmV (Agriculture) OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmMm H¥${fjoÌmV dmna H$aÊ`mg àIa {damoY Agë`mMo H$maU:OZVoV OrE_ {nHo$ {Z{_©Vr d AÞmÀ`m gwa{jVVo{df`r e§H$m
6 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
h[aVH«$m§Vr d OZwH$H«$m§Vr g_mZ Amho H$m`? (IS THE GREEN REVOLUTION THE SAME AS THE GENE REVOLUTION)
- Zmhr ,XmoKmV Iyn \$aH$ Amho. - h[aVH«$m§Vr H$mimV H$moUVohr noQ>§Q> ZìhVo. eoVH$è`m§Zm H$moUVohr {~`mUo _wº$nUo d _m\$H$ {H$_VrV CnbãY hmoVo. - OZwH$H«$m§Vr_Ü`o OZwH$ d {~`mÊ`mda ~hwamï´>r` H§$nÝ`m§Mm gdm©{YH$ma AgyZ Vo Iyn _hmJ Amho.
7 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
{~`mÊ`mda Hw$UmMm _mbH$s h¸$ ( WHO OWNS THE SEED ? )
- OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌkmZmda OJmVrb 6 ~hwamï´>r` {~`mUo H§$nÝ`mMm _mbH$s h¸$ Amho. - ho V§ÌkmZ dmnaÊ`mMr nadmZJr {_iÊ`mgmR>r àM§S> qH$_V _moOmdr bmJVo. h[aVH«$m§Vr H$mimV {~`mÊ`mda eoVH$è`m§Mm h¸$ hmoVm d Vo {~`mÊ`m§Mr d V§ÌkmZmMr _wº$nUo BVam§~amo~a XodmUKodmU H$ê$ eH$V hmoVo.
8 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
AÞCËnmXZ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r OrB© / OrE_ {nH$mMr JaO Amho H$m`? (ARE GE CROPS NEEDED TO INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION ?)
^maV ñdV:bm nwaob EdT>o AÞYmÝ` CËnmXZ H$arV Amho. AÞYmÝ`mMm nwaogm amIrd gmR>mhr CnbãY Amho. dmT>Ë`m bmoH$g§»`oMo nmoQ> ^aÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb à^mdr Cnm``moOZm H$aVm `oVrb 1. H$mT>Ur níMmV hmoUmar AÞYmÝ`mMr ZmgmS>r Wm§~dVm `oB©b. 2. A§XmOo 30 Q>¸o$ AÞYmÝ`mMr ZmgmS>r C§Xra d {H$S>`m§_wio JmoXm_mV hmoVo Vr Wm§~dVm `oB©b. 3. AÞ gmR>dUwH$sgmR>r `mo½` JmoXm_mMr gmo`, eoVr_mb eoVmVyZ ~mOmamV AmUVmZm dmhVwH$sÀ`m J¡agmo`r_wio hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ Q>miVm `oB©b. 4. nmÊ`mMr gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z ~mJmB©Vr joÌ dmT>dbo Va eoVH$ar Ho$di _mÝgyZ {nH$mda Adb§~yZ Z amhVm 2-3 h§Jm_mV A{YH$ {nHo$ Kody eH$Vrb. - Or B© /OrE_ {nHo$ hr CËnmXZdmT>rgmR>r Cn`moJmMr ZmhrV Vo Ho$di CËnmXZ IM© dmMdVmV. 9 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB©/ OrE_ {nH$m_wio Hw$nmofU Wm§~ob H$m` ? (ARE GE CROPS THE ANSWER TO MALNUTRITION ?)
Z¸$sM Zìho ! - ^mVmMo OrB© dmU JmoëS>Z amB©g _Ü`o OrdZgËd A OmñV Agë`mMm Xmdm Ho$bm OmV Amho. na§Vw Amnë`mH$S>o OrdZgËd A bmoh d I{ZO nXmWm©Mo _w~bH$ à_mU AgUmao AZoH$ ñWm{ZH$ dmU (^mVmgh {d{dY {nH$mV) CnbãY AmhoV. CXm. BH«$sg°Q>Zo H$mhr dfm©nydu àgmarV Ho$bob JmoëS>Z V¥UYmÝ`o, JmoëS>Z H$gmìhm , JmoëS>Z aVmio d nmofU_yë`o OmñV AgUmè`m ^mVmÀ`m AZoH$ OmVr - AmOhr ^mVmgh AZoH$ à_wI {nH$mV _w~bH$ OrdZgËdo, I{ZO nXmW© d nmofU_wë`o AgUmao {d{dY dmU eoVH$ar dmnamV AmhoV. na§Vw Ë`mda gImob g§emoYZ hmodyZ Ë`m§Mo g§dY©Z d àgma hmoV Zmhr. - Hw$nmofU Ho$di OrdZgËd A {_imë`mZoM hmoVo H$m`. V¥UYmÝ`, H$S>YmÝ` d ^mOrnmbm `m§À`m g§VwbrV godZmZo Hw$nmofU hmoÊ`mMm g§^dM Zmhr. Ho$di „ OrdZgËd A ‟ `m EH$mM JwU{deofmbm EdT>o _hËd XoUo `mo½` d g§`w{º$H$ Amho H$m`?
10 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
H¥${f O¡dV§ÌkmZmMm dmna `mo½` àH$mao hmoV Amho H$m` ? (IS AGRICULTURE BIOTECHNOLOGY BEING IMPLEMENTED PROPERLY IN INDIA ?)
- ^maVmV H¥${f O¡dV§ÌkmZ qH$dm OrB© {nH$m§~m~V {ZpíMV YmoaUM Zmhr. - Z°eZb A°H°$S>_r Am°\$ A°J«rH$ëMab gm`Ýg AWdm emókm§er g„m_gbV Z H$aVm H$mhr _moOŠ`m bmoH$m§ZrM OrB© {nH$mMo YmoaU V`ma Ho$bo Amho. - eoVH$ar d ZmJarH$m§er MMm© Z H$aVmM OrB© {nHo$ bmXbr Jobr AmhoV.
11 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmV H$moUVr OrB© {nHo$ AmhoV. (WHICH GE CROPS ARE AVAILABLE IN INDIA ?)
AmOÀ`m KS>rbm \$º$ ~rQ>r H$mnyg bmJdS>rgmR>r CnbãY Amho. ^mV, Mdir, ~Q>mQ>o, V§~mIy, _mohar, Q>mo_°Q>mo, dm§Jo, \w$bH$mo~r, {_aMr , Ho$ir, H$mo~r, Ia~yO, CS>rX, H$m°\$s, Vya, Jhÿ, ^yB©_yJ, qb~y, g§Ìm, _mog§~r, `mda g§emoYZ Mmby Amho.
12 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmV OrB© AÞnXmW© AmhoV H$m` ? (DO WE HAVE GE FOODS IN INDIA ?)
- A{YH¥$V[aË`m ^maVmV H$moUVohr OrB© AÞnrH$ bmJdS>rgmR>r dmnabo OmV Zmhr. - nnB© d BVa {nH$mMr bmJdS> ~oH$m`Xoera[aË`m hmoV Agë`mMr eŠ`Vm ZmH$maVm `oV Zmhr. - emgZmZo AmVm OrB© dm§Jo, ^|S>r, ~Q>mQ>o {nH$mbm nadmZJr XoUo Mmby Ho$bo Amho. BVa {nH$m~m~Vhr bdH$aM {ZU©` KoÊ`mV `oBb © . naXoemVyZ Am`mV hmoV Agboë`m _H$m d gmo`m~rZ nmgyZ à{H«$`m Ho$bobo nXmW© CXm. gmo`m~rZ , gmo`mZJoQ>g, Q>mo\y$, _H$m {Mßg, Q>mo_°Q>mo ß`war BË`mXrV OrB© KQ>H$ Agë`mMr XmQ> e§H$m Amho.
13 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmVrb MwH$sMo OrB© g§emoYZ (WRONG GE RESEARCH IN INDIA)
- Q>m°ŠgrZ {dahrV Ho$gar Xmir Lathyrus da g§emoYZ d Mmam {nH$mV nm¡ï>rH$ KQ>H$ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r g§emoYZ H$aÊ`mEodOr - JaO ZgVmZm ~rQ>r H$mo~r, ~rQ>r \w$bH$mo~r , ~rQ>r {_aMr , ~rQ>r dm§Jo, ~r Q>r V§~mIyda g§emoYZ hmoV Amho.
14 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OZwH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s ho _hmJS>o V§ÌkmZ (GENETIC ENGINEERING IS VERY EXPENSIVE TECHNOLOGY)
- gd©gmYmaU dmUmÀ`m g§emoYZmgmR>r IM©, A§XmOo 1 bj S>m°bg© - OrB© dmUmÀ`m g§emoYZmgmR>r IM©, A§XmOo 25 Xebj S>m°bg© - ~rQ>r H$mnyg {~`mUo qH$_V - ê$. 1800/450 J«°_ {nedr - Xoer H$mnyg {~`mUo qH$_V ê$. 300-400 /450 J«°_ {nedr
15 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© {nH$mMr à_wI d¡{eîQ>ço (THE MAIN PROPERTIES OF GE CROPS)
- ~°{gbg Ww[a¨ZOoÝgrg `m {OdmUyVrb ~rQ>r OZwH$mÀ`m à^mdm_wio {H$S>r§Mm à{V~§Y hmoVmo. - qH$dm {nH$m_Ü`o VUZmeH$ ghZ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm àmá hmoVo. ìhm`ag à{V~§YmgmR>r _moOŠ`m {nH$mda ìhm`ag g§emoYZ Mmby Amho.
16 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
VUZmeH$ ghZ H$aUmar nrH$ åhUOo H$m` ? (WHAT IS HERBICIDE TOLERANT (HT) PLANT )
- (EM Q>r) h{~©gmB©S> Q>m°ba§Q> nrH$ åhUOo Á`m {nH$mV VUZmeH$ dmnabo Va {nH$mbm BOm Z hmoVm \$º$ VU _aVo. - amD§$S> An aoS>r _H$m `m OrB© {nH$mV amD§$S> An ho VUZmeH$ \$dmabo Va _H$m {nH$mda Ë`mMm H$mhrhr n[aUm_ hmoV Zmhr na§Vw VU d BVa PmS>o _mÌ _aVmV.
17 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
VUZmeH$ ghZ H$aUm-`m OrB© {nH$m§Mr ^maVmV JaO Amho H$m` ? (IS HERBICIDE TOLERANCE A SUITABLE TRAIT FOR INDIA?)
Zmhr ! - 90 % OrB© {nH$mV VUZmeH$ ghZ H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm d ~rQ>r OrZMm g_mdoe Ho$bobm Amho. - nmpíM_mË` XoemV eoVH$è`m§H$S>o eoH$S>mo hoŠQ>a O{_Z AgyZ _Owam§Mr àM§S> Q>§MmB© Amho, Ë`m{R>H$mUr EM Q>r OrB© {nH$m§Mr JaO Amho. - eoH$S>mo hoŠQ>a_Ü`o EH$M nrH$ KoÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVr_wio VUmMm àíZ VoWo J§^ra Amho. - ^maVmV n[apñWVr {^Þ Amho, åhUyZ EM Q>r {nH$m§Mr JaO Zmhr. - ^maVmV VU Jwam§Zm Mmam åhUyZ dmnabo OmVo åhUyZ agm`ZmZo Vo OmiUo MwH$sMo Amho. - ^maVmV _w~bH$ eoV_Oya CnbãY AmhoV. VUZmeH$ dmnam_wio ~oamoOJmarMm àíZ {Z_m©U hmoBb © . ^maVmV ~hwnrH$ qH$dm {_lnrH$ nÜXV Agë`m_wio EM Q>r V§ÌkmZ Cn`moJmMo Zmhr - J«m_rU ^maVmVrb _{hbm§gmR>r {Z§XU ho amoOJmamMo à_wI gmYZ Amho.
18 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmV VUm§Mm Cn`moJ (USE OF WEEDS IN INDIA)
- _mR>, Vm§XwiOm, M§XZdZ, Kmoi, BË`mXr VUm§Mr nmoï>rH$ ^mOr - Xw^Ë`m d BVa Jwam§Zm Mmam - _mUgo d OZmdam§gmR>r Am¡fYr dZñnVr åhUyZ H$mhr VUm§Mm Cn`moJ hmoVmo.
OrB© {nH$m§Ûmao amoJà{V~§YH$ bgrH$aU gwa{jV Amho H$m` ? (ARE GENETICALLY ENGINEERED “EDIBLE” VACCINES SAFE?)
- OrB© Q>a~yO d Q>mo_°Q>moMr {Z{_©Vr H$m°bam d a°~rO à{V~§YH$ bg åhUyZ Ho$br OmV Amho. - „H$m°bam Q>a~yO ‟ d „a°~rO Q>mo_°Q>mo‟Mm Cn`moJ \$º$ Q>mo_°Q>mo Q>a~yO ImUmè`mgmR>rM hmoUma Amho. - `m nÜXVrZo bgrH$aU Cn`wº$ d n[aUm_H$maH$ hmoUma Zmhr. - ^anya \$io ImUm-`m _wbm§Zr OrB© Q>a~yO Q>mo_°Q>mo BVa \$img_doV Im„r Va H$m` hmoB©b ? - \$im_Ü`o bgrMo à_mU {H$Vr Agmdo `mda {Z`§ÌU R>odUo AdKS> Amho, H$À`m \$imV {H$Vr à_mU _m{hV Zmhr. - A{Vn¹$ \$imV {H$Vr à_mU Agob `mMr _m{hVr Zmhr. - ImÊ`m`mo½` nXmWm©ìXmao bgrH$aUmMr nÜXV YmoH$mXm`H Amho.$ 19 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
àMbrV AÞmnojm OrB© AÞ gag Amho H$m` ? (ARE GE FOOD SUPERIOR TO CONVENTIONAL FOODS?)
Zmhr !! - OrB© AÞ àMbrV AÞmnojm H$moUË`mhr Ñï>rZo gag Zmhr. Vo A{YH$ MdXma Zmhr, {Xgm`bm A{YH$ AmH$f©H$ Zmhr , A{YH$ nm¡îQ>rH$ Zmhr, A{YH$ ñdñV Zmhr. - Or B© V§ÌkmZm_wio àMbrV AÞmbm n`m©` {Z_m©U Pmbm Zmhr. - CbQ> OrB© AÞ _mZdr Amamo½` d n`m©daUmgmR>r YmoH$mXm`H$ Amho.
20 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
^maVmV OrB© {nH$m§Mo noQ>§Q> {_iVo H$m`? (ARE GE CROPS PATENTED IN INDIA)
- A_o[aHo$V {nH$m§Mo noQ>Q§ > {_iy eH$Vo, na§Vw ^maVr` H$m`ÚmV nrH$ qH$dm {nH$mÀ`m noer dm OZwH$mMo noQ>§Q> XoÊ`mMr VaVwX Zmhr . ^maVmÀ`m “Xr àmoQ>oŠeZ Am°\$ ßb±Q> ìham`Q>rO A±S> \$m_©g© amB©Q>g” H$m`ÚmZwgma OrB© qH$dm ZdrZ dmU emoYUmè`m g§emoYH$mbm Vo dmU dmT>dÊ`mMm A{YH$ma (Plant Breeders Right) {_iVmo - ^maVr` H$m`ÚmZwgma eoVH$ar d ~«rS>abm h¸$ {_iy eH$VmV. - nrH$ qH$dm OZwH$m§gmR>r {_iboë`m noQ>§Q> h¸$m_wio eoVH$ar d XoemÀ`m {hVmbm ~mYm `ody eH$Vo. - Ë`m_wio H$m`ÚmZo {nH$mMo AWdm {~`mÊ`mMo noQ>§Q> h¸$ XoVmZm AË`§V OmJê$H$ Agbo nm{hOo.
21 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© {nH$m§_wio {dfmar agm`Zm§Mm dmna H$_r hmoUma Amho H$m ? ( WILL GE CROPS REDUCE THE USE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS )
- Vgo hmoUma Zmhr ! - CbQ> {dfmar agm`Zm§Mo A§e dmT>Vrb. - ~hwVoH$ OrB© {nH$m§Mr {Z{_©Vr H$aUmar H§$nZr VUZmeH$hr {dH$Vo CXm. _moÝgmQ>mo _moÝgm§Q>mo H§$nZrÀ`m amD§$S> An aoS>r gmo`m~rZgmR>r Ë`m§MoM VUZmeH$ amD§$S>An dmnamdo bmJVo - A_o[aHo$À`m H¥${f {d^mJmÀ`m (USDA)AhdmbmZwgma amD§$S>An aoS>r gmo`m~rZ_wio amD§$S>An VUZmeH$m§Mm dmna 22 % dmT>bm Amho. Ë`m_wio {dfmar A§e dmT>bo.
22 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© {nHo$ / AÞ H$m ZH$mo ? (CONCERNS ABOUT GE CROPS / FOODS )
- eoVH$è`m§gmR>r - _hmJS>o d OmoI_rMo V§ÌkmZ - J«mhH$m§gmR>r - Agwa{jV AÞ - CÚmooJmgmR>r -OrB© {nH$m§Zm ~mOmanoR> Amho H$m`? - Zmhr - Or B© {nH$m_wio BVa g|{Ð` {nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Va H§$nZrbm O~m~Xma YaÊ`mgmR>r qH$dm ZwH$gmZ ^anmB© XoÊ`mgmR>r H§$nZrbm ~mÜ` H$aUmam H$m`Xm ApñVËdmV Zmhr. - ^maVr` n[apñWVrÀ`m Ñï>rZo OrB© {nH$m§Zm doJio bo~b bmdUo àË`jmV eŠ` Zmhr.
23 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
dmVmdaUmda n[aUm_ (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT)
- g§~§Y Zgboë`m A`mo½` OZwH$mMm g§gJ© Pmë`mg Anm`H$maH$ VUm§Mr Zd{Z{_©Vr hmody eH$Vo -naŠ`m OZwH$m§À`m {eaH$mdm_wio ñWm{ZH$ O¡dd¡{dYVoda Xwîn[aUm_ hmody eH$VmV. - OZwH$s` àXwfUm_yio ñWm{ZH$ _mV¥{nH$m§Zm ~mYm `ody eH$Vo. (CX. _H$m, gmo`m~rZ, ~Q>mQ>o, ^mV)
24 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
_mV¥{nH$ Xoem§Mo OmJ{VH$ YmoaU (GLOBAL POLICY ON GE CROPS IN THEIR CENTRES OF ORIGIN)
A.H«$
Xoe
_mV¥{nH$mMo Zmd
OrB© YmoaU
1
_opŠgH$mo _H$m
~§Xr
2
MrZ
gmoo`m~rZ
~§Xr
3
noê$
~Q>mQ>o
~§Xr
4
^maV
^mV
OrB© ^mV {Z{_©Vr g§emoYZ Mmby (`mo½` Amho H$m`?)
25 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞmMm Amamo½`mda n[aUm_ (HEALTH IMPACT OF GE FOODS)
- A°bOu V`ma hmoÊ`mg gj_ (CXm. ~«mPrb ZQ> gmo`m , ñQ>maqbH$ _H$m) - {df~mYm hmody eH$Vo (CXm. OrB© {Q´>ßQ>mo\°$Z) - bg`wº$ ImÚmÞ Agwa{jV (CXm. a°~rO , H$m°bam, bg`wº$ Ho$ir d Q>a~yO) - \$imMr BVa \$imgmo~V {_gi hmodyZ \y$S> MoZbm ~mYm - H$ÀÀ`m d A{Vn¹$ \$imV AgUm-`m bgrÀ`m à_mUm_wio H$_r OmñV Xwîn[aUm_
26 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞm_wio \$m`Xo - VmoQ>o (RISK - BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF GE FOODS)
- OrB© AÞ ñdñV Zmhr, A{YH$ MdrMo Zmhr d OmñV nm¡ï>rH hr$ Zmhr . - AÞgwajoÀ`m H$maUmgmR>r OrB© AÞmMm pñdH$ma H$aUo A`mo½` d YmoŠ`mMo - ZdrZ A°bOuZMr {Z{_©Vr hmody eH$Vo (CXm. ~«mPrb ZQ> gmo`m, ñQ>maqbH$ _H$m) - ZdrZ {df {Z{_©Vr hmody eH$Vo (CXm. OrB© {Q´>ßQ>mo\°$Z {dfm_wio 37 _¥Ë`w) - OrB© _H$m, ~Q>mQ>o d Q>_mQ>o C§Xam§Zm Imdy KmVë`mZ§Va Ë`m§À`m Ad`dmg BOm Pmbr, amoJ à{VH$maeº$s H$_r Pmbr d H$mhr _aU nmdbo.
27 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞmMr gwa{jVVm Vnmgbr H$m` ? (ARE GE CROPS TESTED PROPERLY)
- OrB© AÞmMr `mo½` VnmgUr Pmbr H$s Zmhr Hw$UmbmM _m{hV Zmhr. - H|$Ð emgZ qH$dm {OZo{Q>H$ B§{O{Z`[a¨J Aàwìhb H${_Q>r
(GEAC)
`m~m~V H$moUVrhr
_m{hVr XoÊ`mg ZH$ma XoVmV. - OZVoZo qH$dm ñd`§godr g§ñWoZo OrB© {nH$m§Mr O¡dgwajm AWdm n[ajU nÜXVr {df`r {dMmaboë`m H$moUË`mhr àíZmMo CÎma ZmH$maÊ`mV `oVo.
28 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞ gwa{jV Amho H$m` ? (IS GE FOOD SAFE?) - AZoH$ d¡km{ZH$ nwamì`mZwgma OrB© AÞ gwajrV ZmhrV. - CSIRO, Am°ñQ´>o{b`m À`m ZdrZ g§emoYZmZwgma OrB© dmQ>mUo C§Xambm Imdy KmVë`mZo Ë`m§À`m \w$\w$gmbm gyO Ambr, A°bOuH$ [aA°ŠeZ {XgyZ Ambr. - _moÝgmQ>moZo Ho$boë`m JmonZr` g§emoYZmV OrB© _H$m Imdy KmVboë`m C§XamÀ`m Ad`dmda J§^ra n[aUm_ Pmë`mMo AmT>ibo. - OrB© ~Q>mQ>o C§Xam§Zm Imdy KmVë`mZ§Va Ad`dmda BOm Pmbr , VgoM Ë`m§Mr amoJà{VH$ma eº$s H$_r Pmbr. - OmJVrH$ ñVamda Pmboë`m Ag§»` g§emoYZ AhdmbmZwgma OrB© AÞ godZmZ§Va Imbrb AZw^d Ambo. - C§XamÀ`m AmVS>çm§Zm AmoaIS>o - JmB©_Ü`o Am^mgr J^©YmaUm (Virtual Pregnency) - OZmdamV n|etMr A{Z`§ÌrV dmT> - AZwd§{eH$ amoJà{VH$ma j_VoV KQ>. - AÞgmIirV naŠ`m OZwH$mÀ`m {eaH$mdm_wio ZdrZM {dfmar agm`ZmMr {Z{_©Vr hmody eH$Vo. d _mZd d newMr Immunity Zï> hmoD$ eH$Vo. - gZ 1994 _Ü`o Ooìhm Zd{Z{_©V OrB© Q>_mQ>o à`moJemioV C§Xam§Zm Imdy KmVbo Voìhm AZoH$ C§Xam§Zr Ë`mbm Vm|S> bmdbo Zmhr. H$mhr C§Xam§À`m AmVS>çm§Zm BOm Pmbr d 40 n¡H$s 9 C§Xra 2 AmR>dS>çmV _aU nmdbo. 29 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© AÞ H$go Q>miVm `oB©b ( HOW CAN ONE AVOID GE FOODS ? )
- naXoemVyZ Am`mV Ho$bobo _H$m, gmo`m~rZ , ~Q>mQ>o d Q>mo_°Q>moMo à{H«$`m`wº$ nXmW© {dH$V Kody ZH$m, Vo OrB© Agy eH$VmV. - OrB© AÞmda bo~b Zgë`mZo àË`jmV Vo H$aUo H$R>rU Amho. - Amnë`m Hw$Q§w>{~`m§Zm , {_Ìm§Zm d ghH$mè`m§Zm OrB© AÞmÀ`m YmoŠ`mMr OmUrd H$ê$Z Úm - emgZmbm OrB© AÞmÀ`m gwa{jVVoMr h_r Omhra H$aÊ`mg ~mÜ` Ham. - OrB© nrH$ d AÞmg~§Yr H$moUVohr {ZU©` KoVmZm OZVobm {dídmgmV KoÊ`mMm AmJ«h emgZmH$S>o Yam.
30 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
AÞm~m~V Z¡{VH$ / Ym{_©H$ {Z`_ (ETHICAL / RELIGIOUS CONCERNS ABOUT FOOD)
- _wñbr_ d Á`y bmoH$m§Mm AÞmV Sw>H$am§À`m OZwH$mg {damoY - qhXy bmoH$m§Mm Jmo_mVoÀ`m OZwH$mg Amjon - emH$mhmar bmoH$m§Mm AÞmV OZmdamMo OZwH$ dmnaÊ`mg {damoY
31 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© {nHo$ d g|{Ð` {nHo$ EH$Ì amhÿM eH$Uma ZmhrV. (GE CROPS AND ORGANIC CROPS CAN NOT COEXIST IN INDIA)
- ^maV Xoembm OrB© {nHo$ qH$dm g|{Ð` {nHo$ XmoKm§n¡H$s EH$mMrM {ZdS> H$amdr bmJob - bhmZ ^yYmaH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm OrB© d BVa {nHo$ doJdoJir ñdV§ÌnUo KoUo AeŠ` Amho. - OrB© {nH$m§Mm BVa gd©M {nH$m§er g§gJ© Pmë`mda H$m` hmoB©b. 1.eoVH$è`m§nwT>o OrB© {edm` n`m©`M CaUma Zmhr 2. J«mhH$m§Zm Ho$di OrB© AÞM {_iob. `mCbQ> :- g|{Ð` eoVH$ar eoVrH$S>o Xm[aX²>«`{Z_©ybZmMo gmYZ åhUyZ nmhVmo. - g|{Ð` ~mOmanoR> doJmZo dmT>V Amho. - ^maVmbm g|{Ð` eoVrÛmao OJmV AJ«oga hmoÊ`mg VwbZoZo OmñV dmd Amho.
32 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
OrB© d g|{Ð` {nH$m§Mr VwbZm (SO, GE OR ORGANIC ?)
A.H«$
OrB© {nHo$
g|{Ð` {nHo$
1
naHo$ V§ÌkmZ
- ñdXoer d n[aMrV V§ÌkmZ
2
g_ñ`mMo {ZdmaU H$aÊ`mgmR>r
eoVH$ar ñdV: g_ñ`m gmoS>dÊ`mg
eoVH$è`m§Zm Xwgè`mda Adb§~yZ
g_W©
ahmdo bmJVo. 3
_hmJS>o
nadS>Umao
4
OmJ{VH$ ~mOmanoR>oV dmT>Vm {damoY
OmJVrH$ ~mOmanoR>oV dmT>
5
^{dî` Ywga
- OmJVrH$ ñVamda J«mhH$m§À`m g|{Ð`
-158 Xoe / amÁ`m§Mm {d^mJm§Mm Or
_mJUrV Xadfu 20 %$ dmT>
E_ _wº$ amhÊ`mMm {ZU©`
gm¡OÝ` :- S>m°. gw_Z ghm`, OrZ H±$noZ, Zdr {X„r 33 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
YÝ`dmX !
34 _hmamîQ´> Am°aJ°{ZH$ \$m{_ªJ \o$S>aoeZ
