GENKI FACT L. 4
GENKI FACT L. 4 ALLEX 2016 JPN 199
Housekeeing: • Fact segment from Week 4 (Mon & Wed 9am) • Mid-term Exam Week 4 on Monday
(Grammar, listening Comprehension, katakana reading, oral test) “Oral Interview Criteria” documents Starting at 8:30 to 10:45 Room: Busch Hall 18
In Lesson 4 we’ll learn how to… • Ask/answer questions regarding where
something or someone is located • Give directions using a landmark • Talk about activities, events, and routines in the past • Talk about duration / extent preview (how long, how many, how much, etc.)
1 arimasu & imasu Both refer to: Existence Difference between arimasu and imasu ? arimasu: inanimate existence (objects, plants, etc) imasu: animate existence (people, animals, etc.) • Kasa ga arimasu. • Two possible meanings: • “There’s an umbrella (there).” or “I have an umbrella.”
1 arimasu & imasu Kasa, arimasu ka? -- Hai, arimasu (yo). -- Iie, (kasa wa) arimasen (nee) / nai desu nee. Why no ga? Tanaka-san, imasu ka? -- Hai, imasu (yo). -- Iie, (Tanaka-san wa) imasen (nee).
X desu vs. X, arimasu Hon desu ka? Hon, arimasu ka? Hon desu ka? (identification: “is [it] a book?”) -- Hai, soo desu. -- Iie, hon ja nai desu. Jisho desu. --iie, hon jya arimasen. Jisho desu. Hon, arimasu ka? (existence/possession: “Is there a book?”, “Do (you) have a book?” -- Hai, arimasu. -- Iie, hon wa arimasen nee. -- Iie, hon wa nai desu nee.
(place) ni (object) ga arimasu. • Asoko ni Makudonarudo ga arimasu.
(あそこにマクドナルドがあります。) • “There’s a McDonald’s over there.” • Cf. Makudonarudo wa asoko ni arimasu.
（マクドナルドはあそこにあります。） • “McDonald’s is (located) over there.”
(place) ni (person) ga imasu. • Asoko ni gakusee ga imasu. （あそこに学生がいます。） • “There’s a student over there.” • Cf. gakusee wa asoko ni imasu. （学生はあそこにいます。） • “The student is (located) over there.”
(time) ni (event) ga arimasu. • Doyoobi ni paat(y)ii ga arimasu.
“There’s a Party on Saturday.” • Cf. Paat(y)ii wa Doyoobi ni arimasu.
“The party is (held) on Saturday.”
(place) de (event) ga arimasu. • Asoko ni Makudonarudo ga arimasu. (あそこにマクドナルドがあり
ます。) • “There’s a McDonald’s over there.”
• Daigaku de paat(y)ii ga arimasu. （大学でパーティーがあります。） • “There’s a Party at the university/college.” • Asoko de konssaato ga arimasu. (あそこでコンサートがあります。） • “There’s a concert over there.” • parties, concerts, (sports) games, Olympics, meetings, tests,
interviews, presentations, etc. • accidents and natural disasters
Describing where things are • Yuubinkyoku wa asoko desu. • Yuubinkyoku wa asoko ni arimasu. • Yuubinkyoku wa biru no tonari desu. • Yuubinkyoku wa biru no tonari ni arimasu. • • • • • • • • •
Depaato no tonari pattern? Noun1 no noun2 Which noun is being described? Noun2 (tonari) Which noun is doing the describing? Noun1 (depaato) We’re talking about tonari. Meaning of biru no tonari “next to the building”
NOTE: • PLACE words • —mae, ushiro, tonari, aida, shita, hidari, migi, yoko, chikaku, etc.--are what kind of
words in Japanese? • NOUNS!
Biru no mae ‘(in) front of the building’ •
• Mae no biru
‘the building in front’ • Eki no mae no biru
‘the building in front of the station’ • Suzuki-san no ushiro
‘in the back of Mr/s. Suzuki.’ • Watashi to tomodachi no aida
‘Between my friend and me’
X no Y: biru no mae, mae no biru
• Biru no mae ni arimasu.
Mae no biru ni arimasu.
In front of the building
Behind the building
Next to the building
Mora Practice • A: Doko de tabemasu ka? • B: Makudonarudo de tabemasu. • Biru no tonari no makudonarudo de tabemasu. • Mae no biru no tonari no makudonarudo de tabemasu.
• When you are lost in Japan….
Past tense (finished/completed) • Review: • Wakarimasu. • Wakarimashita. • Arigatoo gozaimasu. • Arigatoo gozaimashita. • New: • Shitsuree shimasu. • Shituree shimashita. • Sumimasen. • Sumimasen deshita.
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X jya nai desu. X jya arimasen.
Past (perfective)
Past (perfective)
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
Past (perfective)
Shimashita.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X ja nai desu. X ja arimasen.
Past (perfective)
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
Past (perfective)
Shimashita.
Shimasen deshita.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X ja nai desu. X ja arimasen.
Past (perfective)
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
Past (perfective)
Shimashita.
Shimasen deshita.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X ja nai desu. X ja arimasen.
Past (perfective)
X deshita.
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
Past (perfective)
Shimashita.
Shimasen deshita.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X ja nai desu. X ja arimasen.
Past (perfective)
X deshita.
X ja nakatta desu. X ja arimasen deshita.
Particle mo / multiple particles (Grammar 5) • Review • Keeki o kudasai. A, koohii mo kudasai.
(A:ケーキをください。あ、コーヒーもください。) • A: Keeki o kudasai. B: watashi mo keeki o kudasai. （A:ケーキをください。 B:私もケーキをください。） • mo replaces wa, ga, and o.
Particle mo (Grammar 5) • New • Kyooto ni ikimashita. Tookyoo ni mo ikimashita.
(京都に行きました。東京にも行きました。) • Uchi de benkyoo shimashita. Toshokan de mo benkyoo
shimashita. （家で勉強しました。図書館でも勉強しました。）
• Doyoobi ni tenisu o shimashita. Nichiyoobi ni mo tenisu o
shimashita. （土曜日にテニスしました。日曜日にもテニスしました。）
• mo follows ni, de, e, etc. • (ni mo, de mo, e mo; • ni wa, de wa, e wa)
Particle wa / multiple particles (Lesson 3 review) • Supootsu, shimasu ka? • Ee, tokidoki tenisu o shimasu. • Gorufu wa? • Gorufu wa shimasen nee. • Shuumatsu wa nani o shimashita ka? • Kyooto ni ikimashita. • Ii desu nee. Tookyoo ni mo ikimashita ka? • Ie, Tookyoo ni wa ikimasen deshita.
Ichi-ji-kan • Review: 1:00, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00… • NEW: one hour (duration of time) • ichiji-kan • 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 4 hrs • O-tera no mae de ichi-ji-kan machimashita. • NOTE: Ichiji-kan is a • NOUN • It expresses DURATION, or AMOUNT and is followed by
a verb.
Ichi-ji-kan-han • To say “one and a half hours”, just add? • han • 4.5 hrs, 7.5 hrs, 9.5 hrs • “I slept for 7.5 hrs.” • “I slept for about 7.5 hrs.” • Shichi-ji-kan gurai nemashita. • REVIEW: other word for “about”? • Shichi-ji goro shimashita. • “I did it at about 7:00.” • vs. Shichi-ji-kan gurai shimashita. • “I did it FOR about 7 hours.”
• Gurai attaches to an AMOUNT/DURATION word. • Goro attaches to a specific time word.
Duration (Grammar 6 and 7) Ichi-jikan ni-jikan san-jikan yo-jikan go-jikan roku-jikan nana-jikan/shichi-jikan hachi-jikan ku-jikan jyuu-jikan
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
Ichinichi Hutuka(-kan) Mikka(-kan) yokka(-kan) itsuka(-kan) muika(-kan) nanoka(-kan) yooka(-kan) kokonoka(-kan) tooka(-kan)
Tsuitachi (the 1st) vs. Ichinichi (1 day)
Duration (Grammar 6 and 7) • Doyoo-bi ni benkyoo shimashita. (土曜日に勉強しました。） • San-jikan benkyoo shimashita. （３時間勉強しました。）
• Takusan, chotto, etc. (extent expression, more in Lessons
5 and 7): usually no particles following • Mainichi takusan benkyoo-simasu. (毎日たくさん勉強します。) • Keeki o chotto tabemasu. （ケーキをちょっと食べます。）
Duration (Grammar 6 and 7) Tsuitachi ni shimashita. （一日にしました。） Ichinichi shimashita. （一日しました。） Ichiji ni shimashita. Ichijikan shimashita.
（一時にしました。） （一時間しました。）
Hutuka ni shimashita. Hutuka shimashita.
（二日にしました。） （二日しました。）
Nihongo o benkyoo-shimashita. （日本語を勉強しました。） Nihogo o ni-jikan benkyoo-shimashita. （日本語を二時間勉強しました。）
NOUN1 to NOUN2 • Biiru to wain o nomimashita. • Kyooto to Nara ni ikimasu yo. • Ashita to asatte ikimasu. • Oburakuta-san to Randoree-san ga imasu. • to is a • Particle • What does it do? • Joins two NOUNS to indicate “Noun1 and Noun2
• “I went to the bank and the post office.” • Ginkoo to yuubinkyoku ni ikimashita. • “I went to the bank and then I went home.” • Can we use to for this “and”? Why or why not?
Noun X to + verb Y • A: Nakada-san wa hitori de ikimasita ka. • B: Iie, Yamada-san to ikimasita. • A: Hitori de shimashita ka. • B: Iie, tomodachi to shimashita. • Meaning? •
to do verb Y “together with PERSON X”
Particle to (Grammar 8) • Doyoobi to nichiyoobi ___ toshokan ___ benkyoo
shimashita. • Tomodachi to Kyooto ___ ikimashita. • Tookyoo to Kyooto ___ Madonna no konsaato ____
arimasu. • Hanbaagaa to keeki ____ tabemashita. Piza ___
tabemasen deshita.
Housekeeing: • Fact segment from Week 4 (Mon & Wed 9am) • Mid-term Exam Week 4 on Monday
(Grammar, listening Comprehension, katakana reading, oral test) “Oral Interview Criteria” documents Starting at 8:30 to 10:45 Room: Busch Hall 18
In Lesson 4 we’ll learn how to… • Ask/answer questions regarding where
something or someone is located • Give directions using a landmark • Talk about activities, events, and routines in the past • Talk about duration / extent preview (how long, how many, how much, etc.)
1 arimasu & imasu Both refer to: Existence Difference between arimasu and imasu ? arimasu: inanimate existence (objects, plants, etc) imasu: animate existence (people, animals, etc.) • Kasa ga arimasu. • Two possible meanings: • “There’s an umbrella (there).” or “I have an umbrella.”
1 arimasu & imasu Kasa, arimasu ka? -- Hai, arimasu (yo). -- Iie, (kasa wa) arimasen (nee) / nai desu nee. Why no ga? Tanaka-san, imasu ka? -- Hai, imasu (yo). -- Iie, (Tanaka-san wa) imasen (nee).
X desu vs. X, arimasu Hon desu ka? Hon, arimasu ka? Hon desu ka? (identification: “is [it] a book?”) -- Hai, soo desu. -- Iie, hon ja nai desu. Jisho desu. --iie, hon jya arimasen. Jisho desu. Hon, arimasu ka? (existence/possession: “Is there a book?”, “Do (you) have a book?” -- Hai, arimasu. -- Iie, hon wa arimasen nee. -- Iie, hon wa nai desu nee.
(place) ni (object) ga arimasu. • Asoko ni Makudonarudo ga arimasu.
(あそこにマクドナルドがあります。) • “There’s a McDonald’s over there.” • Cf. Makudonarudo wa asoko ni arimasu.
（マクドナルドはあそこにあります。） • “McDonald’s is (located) over there.”
(place) ni (person) ga imasu. • Asoko ni gakusee ga imasu. （あそこに学生がいます。） • “There’s a student over there.” • Cf. gakusee wa asoko ni imasu. （学生はあそこにいます。） • “The student is (located) over there.”
(time) ni (event) ga arimasu. • Doyoobi ni paat(y)ii ga arimasu.
“There’s a Party on Saturday.” • Cf. Paat(y)ii wa Doyoobi ni arimasu.
“The party is (held) on Saturday.”
(place) de (event) ga arimasu. • Asoko ni Makudonarudo ga arimasu. (あそこにマクドナルドがあり
ます。) • “There’s a McDonald’s over there.”
• Daigaku de paat(y)ii ga arimasu. （大学でパーティーがあります。） • “There’s a Party at the university/college.” • Asoko de konssaato ga arimasu. (あそこでコンサートがあります。） • “There’s a concert over there.” • parties, concerts, (sports) games, Olympics, meetings, tests,
interviews, presentations, etc. • accidents and natural disasters
Describing where things are • Yuubinkyoku wa asoko desu. • Yuubinkyoku wa asoko ni arimasu. • Yuubinkyoku wa biru no tonari desu. • Yuubinkyoku wa biru no tonari ni arimasu. • • • • • • • • •
Depaato no tonari pattern? Noun1 no noun2 Which noun is being described? Noun2 (tonari) Which noun is doing the describing? Noun1 (depaato) We’re talking about tonari. Meaning of biru no tonari “next to the building”
NOTE: • PLACE words • —mae, ushiro, tonari, aida, shita, hidari, migi, yoko, chikaku, etc.--are what kind of
words in Japanese? • NOUNS!
Biru no mae ‘(in) front of the building’ •
• Mae no biru
‘the building in front’ • Eki no mae no biru
‘the building in front of the station’ • Suzuki-san no ushiro
‘in the back of Mr/s. Suzuki.’ • Watashi to tomodachi no aida
‘Between my friend and me’
X no Y: biru no mae, mae no biru
• Biru no mae ni arimasu.
Mae no biru ni arimasu.
In front of the building
Behind the building
Next to the building
Mora Practice • A: Doko de tabemasu ka? • B: Makudonarudo de tabemasu. • Biru no tonari no makudonarudo de tabemasu. • Mae no biru no tonari no makudonarudo de tabemasu.
• When you are lost in Japan….
Past tense (finished/completed) • Review: • Wakarimasu. • Wakarimashita. • Arigatoo gozaimasu. • Arigatoo gozaimashita. • New: • Shitsuree shimasu. • Shituree shimashita. • Sumimasen. • Sumimasen deshita.
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X jya nai desu. X jya arimasen.
Past (perfective)
Past (perfective)
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
Past (perfective)
Shimashita.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X ja nai desu. X ja arimasen.
Past (perfective)
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
Past (perfective)
Shimashita.
Shimasen deshita.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X ja nai desu. X ja arimasen.
Past (perfective)
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
Past (perfective)
Shimashita.
Shimasen deshita.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X ja nai desu. X ja arimasen.
Past (perfective)
X deshita.
Past Tense: conjugation VERB (long form)
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
Shimasu.
Shimasen.
Past (perfective)
Shimashita.
Shimasen deshita.
NOUN
affirmative
negative
Present (non-past)
X desu.
X ja nai desu. X ja arimasen.
Past (perfective)
X deshita.
X ja nakatta desu. X ja arimasen deshita.
Particle mo / multiple particles (Grammar 5) • Review • Keeki o kudasai. A, koohii mo kudasai.
(A:ケーキをください。あ、コーヒーもください。) • A: Keeki o kudasai. B: watashi mo keeki o kudasai. （A:ケーキをください。 B:私もケーキをください。） • mo replaces wa, ga, and o.
Particle mo (Grammar 5) • New • Kyooto ni ikimashita. Tookyoo ni mo ikimashita.
(京都に行きました。東京にも行きました。) • Uchi de benkyoo shimashita. Toshokan de mo benkyoo
shimashita. （家で勉強しました。図書館でも勉強しました。）
• Doyoobi ni tenisu o shimashita. Nichiyoobi ni mo tenisu o
shimashita. （土曜日にテニスしました。日曜日にもテニスしました。）
• mo follows ni, de, e, etc. • (ni mo, de mo, e mo; • ni wa, de wa, e wa)
Particle wa / multiple particles (Lesson 3 review) • Supootsu, shimasu ka? • Ee, tokidoki tenisu o shimasu. • Gorufu wa? • Gorufu wa shimasen nee. • Shuumatsu wa nani o shimashita ka? • Kyooto ni ikimashita. • Ii desu nee. Tookyoo ni mo ikimashita ka? • Ie, Tookyoo ni wa ikimasen deshita.
Ichi-ji-kan • Review: 1:00, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00… • NEW: one hour (duration of time) • ichiji-kan • 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 4 hrs • O-tera no mae de ichi-ji-kan machimashita. • NOTE: Ichiji-kan is a • NOUN • It expresses DURATION, or AMOUNT and is followed by
a verb.
Ichi-ji-kan-han • To say “one and a half hours”, just add? • han • 4.5 hrs, 7.5 hrs, 9.5 hrs • “I slept for 7.5 hrs.” • “I slept for about 7.5 hrs.” • Shichi-ji-kan gurai nemashita. • REVIEW: other word for “about”? • Shichi-ji goro shimashita. • “I did it at about 7:00.” • vs. Shichi-ji-kan gurai shimashita. • “I did it FOR about 7 hours.”
• Gurai attaches to an AMOUNT/DURATION word. • Goro attaches to a specific time word.
Duration (Grammar 6 and 7) Ichi-jikan ni-jikan san-jikan yo-jikan go-jikan roku-jikan nana-jikan/shichi-jikan hachi-jikan ku-jikan jyuu-jikan
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
Ichinichi Hutuka(-kan) Mikka(-kan) yokka(-kan) itsuka(-kan) muika(-kan) nanoka(-kan) yooka(-kan) kokonoka(-kan) tooka(-kan)
Tsuitachi (the 1st) vs. Ichinichi (1 day)
Duration (Grammar 6 and 7) • Doyoo-bi ni benkyoo shimashita. (土曜日に勉強しました。） • San-jikan benkyoo shimashita. （３時間勉強しました。）
• Takusan, chotto, etc. (extent expression, more in Lessons
5 and 7): usually no particles following • Mainichi takusan benkyoo-simasu. (毎日たくさん勉強します。) • Keeki o chotto tabemasu. （ケーキをちょっと食べます。）
Duration (Grammar 6 and 7) Tsuitachi ni shimashita. （一日にしました。） Ichinichi shimashita. （一日しました。） Ichiji ni shimashita. Ichijikan shimashita.
（一時にしました。） （一時間しました。）
Hutuka ni shimashita. Hutuka shimashita.
（二日にしました。） （二日しました。）
Nihongo o benkyoo-shimashita. （日本語を勉強しました。） Nihogo o ni-jikan benkyoo-shimashita. （日本語を二時間勉強しました。）
NOUN1 to NOUN2 • Biiru to wain o nomimashita. • Kyooto to Nara ni ikimasu yo. • Ashita to asatte ikimasu. • Oburakuta-san to Randoree-san ga imasu. • to is a • Particle • What does it do? • Joins two NOUNS to indicate “Noun1 and Noun2
• “I went to the bank and the post office.” • Ginkoo to yuubinkyoku ni ikimashita. • “I went to the bank and then I went home.” • Can we use to for this “and”? Why or why not?
Noun X to + verb Y • A: Nakada-san wa hitori de ikimasita ka. • B: Iie, Yamada-san to ikimasita. • A: Hitori de shimashita ka. • B: Iie, tomodachi to shimashita. • Meaning? •
to do verb Y “together with PERSON X”
Particle to (Grammar 8) • Doyoobi to nichiyoobi ___ toshokan ___ benkyoo
shimashita. • Tomodachi to Kyooto ___ ikimashita. • Tookyoo to Kyooto ___ Madonna no konsaato ____
arimasu. • Hanbaagaa to keeki ____ tabemashita. Piza ___
tabemasen deshita.
