Heat Pump Association - Regensw
Heat Pump Installations by
Graham Hazell Consultant
Heat Pump Association
Regen SW 19th March 2013 Sli1de
1
The Heat Pump Association… – Who are we?
The Heat Pump Association…
Govt
Commercial HVCA Heating Sector
HPA CLIENT
HP Industry Members
Public/ Domestic
Trade Association of manufacturers/distributors
The Heat Pump Association… – Our Members
What Are the Specific Objectives of the HPA? Promote Increased deployment of Heat Pumps –
a) Ensure Govt’s informed & HP’s are adequately represented in legislation & supported by incentives b) Improve the Quality of Design & Installation of Heat Pumps-
c) Widen HPA Role & Engagement Slide
5
Result of HPA Activity? o Part L & SAPQ consultations with CLG inc permitted developments o Energy Technology List (ETL) consultations for Enhanced capital Allowances (ECA) o DECC & OFGEM: CERT & RHI for Heat Pumps (AS, WS & GS o MCS certification: founder member of working group, MIS 3005 o Energy Savings Trust (EST) field trials o Advice to Members on RHI) o Active with EHPA & EPEE o F gas consultations o Code for Sustainable Homes Slide
6
So…. What exactly is a heat pump?
A device which pumps heat!
It transfers energy from a low temperature level to a higher level!
Sli1de
7
Pumping Heat
Inside 3 kW
45oC
Air Water
Efficiency = output power/input power Efficiency = “Coefficient of Performance” (CoP)
1 kW Efficiency > 100%
Outside Air Ground
Water
2 kW
0oC
CoP here = 3kWheatout /1kWelectricity in = 3.0 (or 300% efficient)
Efficiency Varies with Source & Delivery Temperatures 7.00 Air Source
6.00
Closed Loop
Open Loop
5.00 30°
4.00
35° 40°
3.00
45° 50°
2.00 1.00 0.00 -7
-2
2
7
12
15
20
Air to Water Heat Pumps
Permitted Development for ASHP
Acoustics
Water / Ground Source Heat Pumps
HORIZONTAL
OPEN LOOP/ GROUND WATER
VERTICAL BOREHOLE
LAKE
Can Heat Pumps Integrate with Existing Heating Systems? Yes
Heat Emitters? Heat pumps work most efficiently when the heat emitter is designed to work at lower temperatures (compared to fossil fuel combustion systems) Radiators and
Fan coils design circa 55°C (but there are higher temperature HP’s 65-80°C available for retrofit but efficiency penalty)
Under-floor heating max 45°C (40oC achievable with more tube) – mostly new build
How? 1. Use Latest High Efficiency Products inc controls
2. Microgeneration Certification System MIS 3005
Sli1de
16
Includes significant ‘100%’ Rule System to provide ‘100%’ Heat @ Design Conditions
Minimum CoP efficiencies
Design Conditions? CIBSE Guide A Table 2 > 99% time
Select at Design Point not Standard Conditions 105%
100%
95% 45oC 55oC 65oC 90%
75oC
80oC
85%
80% -15
-7
-2
2
7
12
Example of 11 kW nominal Inverter controlled high temp dual circuit cascade ASHP
Heat Emitter Guide for Domestic Heat Pumps
Slide
19
Efficiency metrics
Sli1de
20
The Need for In-depth Heat Loss Calculations
Insulate
Especially On Existing Properties
Controls & BMS Multiple Systems
Simple Methods of Improving Energy Efficiency Ambient Temperature (‘Weather’) Compensation Heating Design Point @ max
Water Flow Temperature
60
Flow tempoC
50
30-40% Energy Saving
41 40 30 20 10
Approx Avg winter temp 0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Ambient Design Point
1
2 3
4
5 6 77
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ambient temperature oC Slide
24
Controls
High Temperature Heat Pumps: When? Switch set point depending on mode: Space Heating or HWS CoP (avg)
CoP of HT Heat Pump
4.50 35 oC
4.00
45 oC 55 oC
3.50
65 oC
3.00
75 oC 80 oC
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 -15
-7
-2
2
7
12
Outdoor temperature (oC) Sli1de
26
Training
Make sure you are fully trained on your proposed products
Educating the User
This is forgotten, the occupants are left with a system they can’t understand or can’t control.
Make sure you show how to use the system and provide a user manual with base design information!
Capital v Running Cost? Total Life Cost 10 kW Domestic system (inc RHI)
£35,000
£30,000 LPG Accumlative Cost (£)
£25,000 Oil £20,000 Nat Gas £15,000 ASHP £10,000
GSHP (Vert)
£5,000
GSHP (Horiz)
£0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Year
Gas 90%,4.5p/kWh; LPG 88%, 7.5p/kWh; Oil 87%, 6.5p/kWh; Elec: 13p/kWh; GSHP (V) 340%; GSHP (H) 310%; ASHP 280%; Sli1de
29
When?
Off-Gas Grid- No Brainer but must be high efficiency system to compete On Gas Grid You have the space
(GSHP) or the location (ASHP- sound criteria MCS 002)
Particularly New Build but also Retrofit/Refurbishment (off gas grid) Now! & Benefit from RHPP (£1250 for GSHP & £850 for ASHP) & RHI in the Future Sli1de
30
How?
1. Use Latest High Efficiency Products 2. Microgeneration Certification System MIS 3005
3. Domestic Heat Emitter Guide 4. Ensure Competent Selection & Installation project examples Sli1de
31
Thank You The Heat Pump Association
www.heatpumps.org.uk
T: 0118 940 3416
3 step process
1. Find Balance CoP (£ or CO2) compared to other fuels 2. Find Point where both Source & Supply Temperature = CoP 3. Compare how many hours above and below this point
Balance Point?
What CoP provides = CO2 emissions? Efficiency of Gas Combustion CO2 emissions of Gas
CoP of Heat Pump CO2 emissions of Heat Pump
=
(electricity)
Slide
34
Balance Point?
Re-arrange equation Efficiency of CO2 x Gas emissions Combustion x of Heat = Pump CO2 emissions (electricity) of Gas
Slide
Balance Point CoP of Heat Pump
35
Balance Point CoP of Heat Pump Replace With Values
0.90 (µ gas) 0.210 (kg CO2 gas)
0.540
x
(kg CO2
electricity)
Slide
=
2.3 (µ hp)
36
Economic & Emission Balance Points Gas
Oil
LPG
Environmental Emissions (CO2)
2.3
1.9
2.1
Economic (£)
2.8
1.7
1.45
CoP Balance Points
Finding Water & Air Temperature Where HP is at Break CoP 7.00 6.00
Compensated water temperature
5.00 30°
4.00
35° 40°
3.00
£ = 2.8 CO2 = 2.3
45° 50°
2.00 1.00 0.00 -7
-2
-2
0.5
2
7
12
15
20
Example of 16 kW ASHP
CO2 Emission & £ Balance Temperature Oil/LPG (£ & CO2)
Temp profile
700 600 400 300 200
Slide
15
13
9
7
5
3
1
-1
0.5 -2 Gas £ Gas CO2 o External Temperature C
-3
-5
-7
0
11
100
-9
Hours
500
39
Fuel Emissions Fuel CO2 /kWh
Gas 0.194
Oil 0.297
LPG 0.245
ASHP 0.517
GSHP 0.517
System Efficiency
85%
80%
85%
250%
290%
Effective CO2/kWh to produce the heat
0.228
0.371
0.288
0.207
0.178
Sli1de
40
Fuel Emissions
kgCO2/kWhr delivered
0.350 0.300 0.250 65oC
0.200
55oC
0.150
45oC
0.100 0.050 0.000 GSHP (OL) (10oC)
GSHP (CLv) (7oC)
GSHP (CLh) (4oC)
ASHP (7oC)
Sli1de
Gas
LPG
Oil
41
Graham Hazell Consultant
Heat Pump Association
Regen SW 19th March 2013 Sli1de
1
The Heat Pump Association… – Who are we?
The Heat Pump Association…
Govt
Commercial HVCA Heating Sector
HPA CLIENT
HP Industry Members
Public/ Domestic
Trade Association of manufacturers/distributors
The Heat Pump Association… – Our Members
What Are the Specific Objectives of the HPA? Promote Increased deployment of Heat Pumps –
a) Ensure Govt’s informed & HP’s are adequately represented in legislation & supported by incentives b) Improve the Quality of Design & Installation of Heat Pumps-
c) Widen HPA Role & Engagement Slide
5
Result of HPA Activity? o Part L & SAPQ consultations with CLG inc permitted developments o Energy Technology List (ETL) consultations for Enhanced capital Allowances (ECA) o DECC & OFGEM: CERT & RHI for Heat Pumps (AS, WS & GS o MCS certification: founder member of working group, MIS 3005 o Energy Savings Trust (EST) field trials o Advice to Members on RHI) o Active with EHPA & EPEE o F gas consultations o Code for Sustainable Homes Slide
6
So…. What exactly is a heat pump?
A device which pumps heat!
It transfers energy from a low temperature level to a higher level!
Sli1de
7
Pumping Heat
Inside 3 kW
45oC
Air Water
Efficiency = output power/input power Efficiency = “Coefficient of Performance” (CoP)
1 kW Efficiency > 100%
Outside Air Ground
Water
2 kW
0oC
CoP here = 3kWheatout /1kWelectricity in = 3.0 (or 300% efficient)
Efficiency Varies with Source & Delivery Temperatures 7.00 Air Source
6.00
Closed Loop
Open Loop
5.00 30°
4.00
35° 40°
3.00
45° 50°
2.00 1.00 0.00 -7
-2
2
7
12
15
20
Air to Water Heat Pumps
Permitted Development for ASHP
Acoustics
Water / Ground Source Heat Pumps
HORIZONTAL
OPEN LOOP/ GROUND WATER
VERTICAL BOREHOLE
LAKE
Can Heat Pumps Integrate with Existing Heating Systems? Yes
Heat Emitters? Heat pumps work most efficiently when the heat emitter is designed to work at lower temperatures (compared to fossil fuel combustion systems) Radiators and
Fan coils design circa 55°C (but there are higher temperature HP’s 65-80°C available for retrofit but efficiency penalty)
Under-floor heating max 45°C (40oC achievable with more tube) – mostly new build
How? 1. Use Latest High Efficiency Products inc controls
2. Microgeneration Certification System MIS 3005
Sli1de
16
Includes significant ‘100%’ Rule System to provide ‘100%’ Heat @ Design Conditions
Minimum CoP efficiencies
Design Conditions? CIBSE Guide A Table 2 > 99% time
Select at Design Point not Standard Conditions 105%
100%
95% 45oC 55oC 65oC 90%
75oC
80oC
85%
80% -15
-7
-2
2
7
12
Example of 11 kW nominal Inverter controlled high temp dual circuit cascade ASHP
Heat Emitter Guide for Domestic Heat Pumps
Slide
19
Efficiency metrics
Sli1de
20
The Need for In-depth Heat Loss Calculations
Insulate
Especially On Existing Properties
Controls & BMS Multiple Systems
Simple Methods of Improving Energy Efficiency Ambient Temperature (‘Weather’) Compensation Heating Design Point @ max
Water Flow Temperature
60
Flow tempoC
50
30-40% Energy Saving
41 40 30 20 10
Approx Avg winter temp 0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
Ambient Design Point
1
2 3
4
5 6 77
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ambient temperature oC Slide
24
Controls
High Temperature Heat Pumps: When? Switch set point depending on mode: Space Heating or HWS CoP (avg)
CoP of HT Heat Pump
4.50 35 oC
4.00
45 oC 55 oC
3.50
65 oC
3.00
75 oC 80 oC
2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 -15
-7
-2
2
7
12
Outdoor temperature (oC) Sli1de
26
Training
Make sure you are fully trained on your proposed products
Educating the User
This is forgotten, the occupants are left with a system they can’t understand or can’t control.
Make sure you show how to use the system and provide a user manual with base design information!
Capital v Running Cost? Total Life Cost 10 kW Domestic system (inc RHI)
£35,000
£30,000 LPG Accumlative Cost (£)
£25,000 Oil £20,000 Nat Gas £15,000 ASHP £10,000
GSHP (Vert)
£5,000
GSHP (Horiz)
£0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Year
Gas 90%,4.5p/kWh; LPG 88%, 7.5p/kWh; Oil 87%, 6.5p/kWh; Elec: 13p/kWh; GSHP (V) 340%; GSHP (H) 310%; ASHP 280%; Sli1de
29
When?
Off-Gas Grid- No Brainer but must be high efficiency system to compete On Gas Grid You have the space
(GSHP) or the location (ASHP- sound criteria MCS 002)
Particularly New Build but also Retrofit/Refurbishment (off gas grid) Now! & Benefit from RHPP (£1250 for GSHP & £850 for ASHP) & RHI in the Future Sli1de
30
How?
1. Use Latest High Efficiency Products 2. Microgeneration Certification System MIS 3005
3. Domestic Heat Emitter Guide 4. Ensure Competent Selection & Installation project examples Sli1de
31
Thank You The Heat Pump Association
www.heatpumps.org.uk
T: 0118 940 3416
3 step process
1. Find Balance CoP (£ or CO2) compared to other fuels 2. Find Point where both Source & Supply Temperature = CoP 3. Compare how many hours above and below this point
Balance Point?
What CoP provides = CO2 emissions? Efficiency of Gas Combustion CO2 emissions of Gas
CoP of Heat Pump CO2 emissions of Heat Pump
=
(electricity)
Slide
34
Balance Point?
Re-arrange equation Efficiency of CO2 x Gas emissions Combustion x of Heat = Pump CO2 emissions (electricity) of Gas
Slide
Balance Point CoP of Heat Pump
35
Balance Point CoP of Heat Pump Replace With Values
0.90 (µ gas) 0.210 (kg CO2 gas)
0.540
x
(kg CO2
electricity)
Slide
=
2.3 (µ hp)
36
Economic & Emission Balance Points Gas
Oil
LPG
Environmental Emissions (CO2)
2.3
1.9
2.1
Economic (£)
2.8
1.7
1.45
CoP Balance Points
Finding Water & Air Temperature Where HP is at Break CoP 7.00 6.00
Compensated water temperature
5.00 30°
4.00
35° 40°
3.00
£ = 2.8 CO2 = 2.3
45° 50°
2.00 1.00 0.00 -7
-2
-2
0.5
2
7
12
15
20
Example of 16 kW ASHP
CO2 Emission & £ Balance Temperature Oil/LPG (£ & CO2)
Temp profile
700 600 400 300 200
Slide
15
13
9
7
5
3
1
-1
0.5 -2 Gas £ Gas CO2 o External Temperature C
-3
-5
-7
0
11
100
-9
Hours
500
39
Fuel Emissions Fuel CO2 /kWh
Gas 0.194
Oil 0.297
LPG 0.245
ASHP 0.517
GSHP 0.517
System Efficiency
85%
80%
85%
250%
290%
Effective CO2/kWh to produce the heat
0.228
0.371
0.288
0.207
0.178
Sli1de
40
Fuel Emissions
kgCO2/kWhr delivered
0.350 0.300 0.250 65oC
0.200
55oC
0.150
45oC
0.100 0.050 0.000 GSHP (OL) (10oC)
GSHP (CLv) (7oC)
GSHP (CLh) (4oC)
ASHP (7oC)
Sli1de
Gas
LPG
Oil
41
