Human Factors for Automated Driving
Automated Vehicles Symposium 2015
Human Factors for Highly Automated Driving: Driver Takeover Under Planned and Unplanned Scenarios
Key Jung Lee, Ph.D. Robert Bosch LLC Chassis Systems Control
1
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Planned Driver Takeover: Bosch Highway Pilot HMI
https://youtu.be/2i-t0C7RQWM
Chassis Systems Control
2
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Focus on Human-Machine Interaction Planned Driver Takeover o Safe Activation/ Deactivation of Automated Driving System o Clear Driving Mode Indicator o Multisensory Driver Feedback
Chassis Systems Control
3
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Unplanned Driver Takeover Research Question: Minimal Takeover Time after a certain period of Automated Driving (under Distraction) o Simulator studies o no secondary vs. secondary tasks (active/passive non-driving tasks)
Stanford Driving Simulator Chassis Systems Control
4
Diagram of the Critical Event References: Mok et al., IV 2015; Mok et al., ITSC 2015
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Unplanned Driver Takeover Results: o with longer takeover time, driving performances were better (note. no difference in the 5 and 8 seconds conditions) o approximately 5-8 seconds might be sufficient? The of participants who stayed in the lane vs. veered off the lane for the 2, 5, 8 second conditions
Chassis Systems Control
5
References: Mok et al., IV 2015; Mok et al., ITSC 2015
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Unplanned Driver Takeover o allowing more takeover time may increase drivers’ subjective feeling of comfort and trust toward the vehicle, but may not lead to significantly better driving performances
Chassis Systems Control
6
References: Mok et al., IV 2015; Mok et al., ITSC 2015
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Conclusions Under both no distraction (study 1) and low distraction (study 2) situations: o the 2 sec. takeover time condition did not provide a sufficient amount of time for drivers to regain control. Drivers in the 2 sec. condition rated the automated vehicle significantly less likeable and comfortable. o the 5 sec. condition appeared to be sufficiently long enough for drivers to regain control. But, no driving performance differences between the 5 sec. and 8 sec. conditions. o overall, a self-driving vehicle should communicate to the driver with situationally relevant and adequate amount of information, particularly with its request to take back the driving task. Chassis Systems Control
7
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Open issues o Under heavy distraction (Study 3, summer 2015) o Naturalistic driving behavior
Chassis Systems Control
8
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Highly Automated Driving: Driver Takeover Under Planned and Unplanned Scenarios
Key Jung Lee, Ph.D. Robert Bosch LLC Chassis Systems Control
1
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Planned Driver Takeover: Bosch Highway Pilot HMI
https://youtu.be/2i-t0C7RQWM
Chassis Systems Control
2
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Focus on Human-Machine Interaction Planned Driver Takeover o Safe Activation/ Deactivation of Automated Driving System o Clear Driving Mode Indicator o Multisensory Driver Feedback
Chassis Systems Control
3
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Unplanned Driver Takeover Research Question: Minimal Takeover Time after a certain period of Automated Driving (under Distraction) o Simulator studies o no secondary vs. secondary tasks (active/passive non-driving tasks)
Stanford Driving Simulator Chassis Systems Control
4
Diagram of the Critical Event References: Mok et al., IV 2015; Mok et al., ITSC 2015
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Unplanned Driver Takeover Results: o with longer takeover time, driving performances were better (note. no difference in the 5 and 8 seconds conditions) o approximately 5-8 seconds might be sufficient? The of participants who stayed in the lane vs. veered off the lane for the 2, 5, 8 second conditions
Chassis Systems Control
5
References: Mok et al., IV 2015; Mok et al., ITSC 2015
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Unplanned Driver Takeover o allowing more takeover time may increase drivers’ subjective feeling of comfort and trust toward the vehicle, but may not lead to significantly better driving performances
Chassis Systems Control
6
References: Mok et al., IV 2015; Mok et al., ITSC 2015
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Conclusions Under both no distraction (study 1) and low distraction (study 2) situations: o the 2 sec. takeover time condition did not provide a sufficient amount of time for drivers to regain control. Drivers in the 2 sec. condition rated the automated vehicle significantly less likeable and comfortable. o the 5 sec. condition appeared to be sufficiently long enough for drivers to regain control. But, no driving performance differences between the 5 sec. and 8 sec. conditions. o overall, a self-driving vehicle should communicate to the driver with situationally relevant and adequate amount of information, particularly with its request to take back the driving task. Chassis Systems Control
7
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
Human Factors for Automated Driving
Open issues o Under heavy distraction (Study 3, summer 2015) o Naturalistic driving behavior
Chassis Systems Control
8
CC/ESA-NA Lee | 7/8/2015 | © 2015 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.
