LAWS1021 â Problem Question
LAWS1021 – Problem Question Answer Format • • • • • • •
Potential charge Relevant legislation – apply to the facts Consideration of common law principles Actus reus Mens rea Defences Conclusion o What charges may be laid? o What is the likelihood of conviction?
Table of Contents ANSWER FORMAT .................................................................................................................... 1 DRUG OFFENCES ...................................................................................................................... 3 PENALTIES FOR SUMMARY DRUG OFFENCES ............................................................................... 3 POSSESSION OF A PROHIBITED DRUG .......................................................................................... 3 POSSESSION OF EQUIPMENT FOR ADMINISTRATION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ..................................... 4 SELF-‐ADMINISTRATION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ............................................................................. 5 ADMINISTRATION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS TO OTHERS ................................................................... 5 PERMITTING ANOTHER TO ADMINISTER PROHIBITED DRUGS .......................................................... 6 PROHIBITED PLANTS ................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ........... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. POSSESSION OF PRECURSORS AND CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS .................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. POSSESSION OF PROHIBITED DRUG PRECURSORS ........................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SUPPLY OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SUPPLY OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ON AN ONGOING BASIS ............... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. MANUFACTURE, PRODUCTION, POSSESSION AND SUPPLY OF CERTAIN SCHEDULE 9 SUBSTANCES ............................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CONSPIRING ............................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. QUANTITY CONSIDERATIONS ....................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ACTUS REUS AND MENS REA ..................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PUBLIC ORDER OFFENCES ............................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. OFFENSIVE CONDUCT ................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE .............................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. RACIST LANGUAGE .................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. GRAFFITI .................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. MOVE ON DIRECTIONS AND PUBLIC DRUNKENNESS ..................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. POLICE POWERS ............................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ARREST WITHOUT A WARRANT .................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SEARCH PERSONS/ SEIZE WITHOUT A WARRANT ......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. DETENTION AFTER ARREST FOR THE PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION . ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
USE OF FORCE .......................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CUSTODY MANAGER CAUTION ................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. POLICE PROVIDING IDENTIFICATION ............................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SNIFFER DOGS .......................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. LEPRA SAFEGUARDS ................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. REQUIREMENTS TO RECORDS (ADMISSIONS ETC) ......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ADMISSIBILITY OF ADMISSIONS .................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. EXCLUSION OF ILLEGALLY OBTAINED EVIDENCE ........................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. VOLUNTARY ASSISTANCE WITH POLICE INQUIRIES ........................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BAIL ................................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BAIL DECISIONS ........................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. FLOW CHARTS – S16 ................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BAIL DETERMINATION ............................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CASE LAW ................................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CASE NOTES ................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. DRUG OFFENCES ...................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Fillipetti ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Dib ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Delon .................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. William v Douglas (1949) ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Williams (1978) .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. He Kaw Teh .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Saad ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Carey (1990) ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Castle v Olen ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Pinkstone (2004) ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Swan 2003 ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Ruiz-‐Avila (2003) .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. BD (2001) .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. PUBLIC ORDER OFFENCES ......................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Ball v McIntyre ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Police v Butler ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Dunn 1999 ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Jolly 2009 ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Camp 1975 ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Stutsel v Reid ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Jeffs v Graham ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Pregelj .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Pfeifer .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Karpik v Zisis ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Conners v Craigie.................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. POLICE POWERS ....................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. R v Inwood 1973 ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. R v Rondo ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Carr 2002 .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. R v McLean ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Drug Offences Penalties for Summary Drug Offences Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s21
For all summary drug offences, the penalty is a fine of 20pu or imprisonment for a term of 2 years, or both
Possession of a Prohibited Drug Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s10 (1)
A person who has a prohibited drug in his or her possession is guilty of an offence
s10 (2)a-‐d
Sets out exceptions eg. Licensed/authorized to have possession under the Poisons and Therapeutic Goods Act 1966
s7
Deemed possession
Definitions
s3 (1)
Prohibited drug means any substances, other than a prohibited plant, specified in Schedule 1
General Principles
DPP v Brooks (1974)
In the ordinary use of the word possession, one has in one’s possession whatever is, to one’s own knowledge, physically in one’s custody or under one’s physical control
Actus Reus
Fillipetti (1978)
Deals with exclusive control To have possession, one must have exclusive physical control of the prohibited item There must be enough evidence to enable a jury to conclude beyond reasonable doubt that the prohibited drug was in the exclusive physical control of the accused
Dib (1991)
Deals with joint possession The Crown must persuade the jury that the accused had the legal right to exclude all persons from the premises in which the property is situated (other than those acting in concert with him). Joint possessors must both have the legal right
Williams v Douglas (1949)
Deals with drugs that are hidden Possession is wide enough to include when a person has hidden the thing so that he can take it into his physical custody when he wishes and others are unlikely to discover it (from Delon 1992)
Mens Rea
Bush (1975)
Possession of an item requires both physical control and intention to control the item
He Kaw Teh (1985)
The accused must also have intended to control a prohibited drug (requires knowledge that the item was of such a nature, or likely knowledge)
Saad (1987)
The intention to possess on the part of the accused is established if: 1. 2.
3.
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
The accused knew or was aware that an article, which was intentionally in his possession, comprised or contained a drug. There was belief, falling short of actual knowledge, that the article comprised or contained a drug Or where it appears beyond reasonable doubt that the accused was aware of the likelihood, in the sense that there was a significant or real chance, that his conduct involved that act and he nevertheless persisted in that conduct.
Must establish the minimum degree of physical control and awareness of the item that will establish possession. Where alleging exclusive possession, it must negate possession on part of any other. Must prove BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT that the accused knew of the existence of the drug in his custody Where alleging joint possession, must prove intention of each accused to share in exclusive physical control of the thing
Possession of equipment for administration of prohibited drugs Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s11 (1)
A person who has in his possession any item of equipment for use in the administration of a prohibited drug is guilty of an offence
s11 (1A), (1B) & (2)
Sets out exceptions eg. Hypodermic needles, persons in possession of equipment necessary to minimise health risks associated with IV administration of a prohibited drug, possession by various medical/authorized persons
Definitions
s5
Administration is the ingestion, injection and inhalation of a prohibited drug, the smoking, or inhalation of fumes of a prohibited drug or any other means of introducing it into ones system
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
Must prove possession beyond reasonable doubt
Defence
If arguing that possession is accordance with s11 (2), defence bears the onus of proof
Actus Reus
The accused had any item for use in the administration of a prohibited drug in their possession
Mens Rea
N/A
Strict liability
Self-‐administration of prohibited drugs Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s12 (1)
A person who administers or attempts to administer a prohibited drug to himself is guilty of an offence
s12 (2)
Not unlawful to administer lawfully prescribed/supplied prohibited drugs to oneself
Definitions
s5
Administration is the ingestion, injection and inhalation of a prohibited drug, the smoking, or inhalation of fumes of a prohibited drug or any other means of introducing it into ones system
Actus Reus
The act of administering, or attempting to administer, a prohibited drug to himself
Mens Rea
N/A
Strict liability
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
Must prove self-‐administration of the drug beyond reasonable doubt
Defence
If arguing that administration is in accordance with s12 (2), defence bears the onus of proof
Administration of prohibited drugs to others Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s13 (1)
Definitions
A person who administers or attempts to administer a prohibited drug to another person is guilty of an offence
s13 (2) (a)-‐(b)
Permits administration by authorized persons
s13 (3)
Permits administration of prohibited drug to a person for or to whom it has been lawfully prescribed/supplied
s5
Administration is the ingestion, injection and inhalation of a prohibited drug, the smoking, or inhalation of fumes of a prohibited drug or any other means of introducing it into ones system
Actus Reus
The act of administering, or attempting to administer, a prohibited drug to another person
Mens Rea
N/A
Strict liability
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
Must prove beyond reasonable doubt
Defence
If arguing that administration is in accordance with s13 (2), defence bears the onus of proof
Permitting another to administer prohibited drugs Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s14 (1)
A person who permits another person to administer or attempt to administer to him or her a prohibited drug is guilty of an offence
s14 (2)
Provides for the lawfulness of the permission in case of a person for whom or to whom the prohibited drug has been lawfully prescribed
Definitions
s5
Administration is the ingestion, injection and inhalation of a prohibited drug, the smoking, or inhalation of fumes of a prohibited drug or any other means of introducing it into ones system
Actus Reus
The accused permits another person to administer/attempt to administer to the accused a prohibited drug
Mens Rea
N/A
Strict liability
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
Must prove beyond reasonable doubt
Defence
If arguing that administration is in accordance with s14 (2), defence bears the onus of proof
Potential charge Relevant legislation – apply to the facts Consideration of common law principles Actus reus Mens rea Defences Conclusion o What charges may be laid? o What is the likelihood of conviction?
Table of Contents ANSWER FORMAT .................................................................................................................... 1 DRUG OFFENCES ...................................................................................................................... 3 PENALTIES FOR SUMMARY DRUG OFFENCES ............................................................................... 3 POSSESSION OF A PROHIBITED DRUG .......................................................................................... 3 POSSESSION OF EQUIPMENT FOR ADMINISTRATION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ..................................... 4 SELF-‐ADMINISTRATION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ............................................................................. 5 ADMINISTRATION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS TO OTHERS ................................................................... 5 PERMITTING ANOTHER TO ADMINISTER PROHIBITED DRUGS .......................................................... 6 PROHIBITED PLANTS ................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ........... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. POSSESSION OF PRECURSORS AND CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF PROHIBITED DRUGS .................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. POSSESSION OF PROHIBITED DRUG PRECURSORS ........................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SUPPLY OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SUPPLY OF PROHIBITED DRUGS ON AN ONGOING BASIS ............... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. MANUFACTURE, PRODUCTION, POSSESSION AND SUPPLY OF CERTAIN SCHEDULE 9 SUBSTANCES ............................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CONSPIRING ............................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. QUANTITY CONSIDERATIONS ....................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ACTUS REUS AND MENS REA ..................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. PUBLIC ORDER OFFENCES ............................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. OFFENSIVE CONDUCT ................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. OFFENSIVE LANGUAGE .............................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. RACIST LANGUAGE .................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. GRAFFITI .................................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. MOVE ON DIRECTIONS AND PUBLIC DRUNKENNESS ..................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. POLICE POWERS ............................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ARREST WITHOUT A WARRANT .................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SEARCH PERSONS/ SEIZE WITHOUT A WARRANT ......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. DETENTION AFTER ARREST FOR THE PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION . ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
USE OF FORCE .......................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CUSTODY MANAGER CAUTION ................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. POLICE PROVIDING IDENTIFICATION ............................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. SNIFFER DOGS .......................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. LEPRA SAFEGUARDS ................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. REQUIREMENTS TO RECORDS (ADMISSIONS ETC) ......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ADMISSIBILITY OF ADMISSIONS .................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. EXCLUSION OF ILLEGALLY OBTAINED EVIDENCE ........................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. VOLUNTARY ASSISTANCE WITH POLICE INQUIRIES ........................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BAIL ................................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BAIL DECISIONS ........................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. FLOW CHARTS – S16 ................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. BAIL DETERMINATION ............................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CASE LAW ................................................................................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. CASE NOTES ................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. DRUG OFFENCES ...................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Fillipetti ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Dib ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Delon .................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. William v Douglas (1949) ..................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Williams (1978) .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. He Kaw Teh .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Saad ..................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Carey (1990) ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Castle v Olen ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Pinkstone (2004) ................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Swan 2003 ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Ruiz-‐Avila (2003) .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. BD (2001) .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. PUBLIC ORDER OFFENCES ......................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Ball v McIntyre ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Police v Butler ...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Dunn 1999 ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Jolly 2009 ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Camp 1975 ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Stutsel v Reid ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Jeffs v Graham ..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Pregelj .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Pfeifer .................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Karpik v Zisis ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Conners v Craigie.................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. POLICE POWERS ....................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. R v Inwood 1973 ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. R v Rondo ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Carr 2002 .............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. R v McLean ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Drug Offences Penalties for Summary Drug Offences Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s21
For all summary drug offences, the penalty is a fine of 20pu or imprisonment for a term of 2 years, or both
Possession of a Prohibited Drug Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s10 (1)
A person who has a prohibited drug in his or her possession is guilty of an offence
s10 (2)a-‐d
Sets out exceptions eg. Licensed/authorized to have possession under the Poisons and Therapeutic Goods Act 1966
s7
Deemed possession
Definitions
s3 (1)
Prohibited drug means any substances, other than a prohibited plant, specified in Schedule 1
General Principles
DPP v Brooks (1974)
In the ordinary use of the word possession, one has in one’s possession whatever is, to one’s own knowledge, physically in one’s custody or under one’s physical control
Actus Reus
Fillipetti (1978)
Deals with exclusive control To have possession, one must have exclusive physical control of the prohibited item There must be enough evidence to enable a jury to conclude beyond reasonable doubt that the prohibited drug was in the exclusive physical control of the accused
Dib (1991)
Deals with joint possession The Crown must persuade the jury that the accused had the legal right to exclude all persons from the premises in which the property is situated (other than those acting in concert with him). Joint possessors must both have the legal right
Williams v Douglas (1949)
Deals with drugs that are hidden Possession is wide enough to include when a person has hidden the thing so that he can take it into his physical custody when he wishes and others are unlikely to discover it (from Delon 1992)
Mens Rea
Bush (1975)
Possession of an item requires both physical control and intention to control the item
He Kaw Teh (1985)
The accused must also have intended to control a prohibited drug (requires knowledge that the item was of such a nature, or likely knowledge)
Saad (1987)
The intention to possess on the part of the accused is established if: 1. 2.
3.
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
The accused knew or was aware that an article, which was intentionally in his possession, comprised or contained a drug. There was belief, falling short of actual knowledge, that the article comprised or contained a drug Or where it appears beyond reasonable doubt that the accused was aware of the likelihood, in the sense that there was a significant or real chance, that his conduct involved that act and he nevertheless persisted in that conduct.
Must establish the minimum degree of physical control and awareness of the item that will establish possession. Where alleging exclusive possession, it must negate possession on part of any other. Must prove BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT that the accused knew of the existence of the drug in his custody Where alleging joint possession, must prove intention of each accused to share in exclusive physical control of the thing
Possession of equipment for administration of prohibited drugs Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s11 (1)
A person who has in his possession any item of equipment for use in the administration of a prohibited drug is guilty of an offence
s11 (1A), (1B) & (2)
Sets out exceptions eg. Hypodermic needles, persons in possession of equipment necessary to minimise health risks associated with IV administration of a prohibited drug, possession by various medical/authorized persons
Definitions
s5
Administration is the ingestion, injection and inhalation of a prohibited drug, the smoking, or inhalation of fumes of a prohibited drug or any other means of introducing it into ones system
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
Must prove possession beyond reasonable doubt
Defence
If arguing that possession is accordance with s11 (2), defence bears the onus of proof
Actus Reus
The accused had any item for use in the administration of a prohibited drug in their possession
Mens Rea
N/A
Strict liability
Self-‐administration of prohibited drugs Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s12 (1)
A person who administers or attempts to administer a prohibited drug to himself is guilty of an offence
s12 (2)
Not unlawful to administer lawfully prescribed/supplied prohibited drugs to oneself
Definitions
s5
Administration is the ingestion, injection and inhalation of a prohibited drug, the smoking, or inhalation of fumes of a prohibited drug or any other means of introducing it into ones system
Actus Reus
The act of administering, or attempting to administer, a prohibited drug to himself
Mens Rea
N/A
Strict liability
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
Must prove self-‐administration of the drug beyond reasonable doubt
Defence
If arguing that administration is in accordance with s12 (2), defence bears the onus of proof
Administration of prohibited drugs to others Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s13 (1)
Definitions
A person who administers or attempts to administer a prohibited drug to another person is guilty of an offence
s13 (2) (a)-‐(b)
Permits administration by authorized persons
s13 (3)
Permits administration of prohibited drug to a person for or to whom it has been lawfully prescribed/supplied
s5
Administration is the ingestion, injection and inhalation of a prohibited drug, the smoking, or inhalation of fumes of a prohibited drug or any other means of introducing it into ones system
Actus Reus
The act of administering, or attempting to administer, a prohibited drug to another person
Mens Rea
N/A
Strict liability
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
Must prove beyond reasonable doubt
Defence
If arguing that administration is in accordance with s13 (2), defence bears the onus of proof
Permitting another to administer prohibited drugs Statute
Drugs Misuse and Trafficking Act 1985 (NSW)
Provision
s14 (1)
A person who permits another person to administer or attempt to administer to him or her a prohibited drug is guilty of an offence
s14 (2)
Provides for the lawfulness of the permission in case of a person for whom or to whom the prohibited drug has been lawfully prescribed
Definitions
s5
Administration is the ingestion, injection and inhalation of a prohibited drug, the smoking, or inhalation of fumes of a prohibited drug or any other means of introducing it into ones system
Actus Reus
The accused permits another person to administer/attempt to administer to the accused a prohibited drug
Mens Rea
N/A
Strict liability
Burden of Proof
Prosecution
Must prove beyond reasonable doubt
Defence
If arguing that administration is in accordance with s14 (2), defence bears the onus of proof
