Marine Sediments
CHAPTER 4 Marine Sediments
Marine Sediments
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
Transported to ocean
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
• Provide clues to Earth’s history
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
• Provide clues to Earth’s history •
Climate, Plate Tectonics, Ocean Circulation, Nutrient Concentrations
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
• Provide clues to Earth’s history •
•
Climate, Plate Tectonics, Ocean Circulation, Nutrient Concentrations
Classified based on:
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
• Provide clues to Earth’s history •
•
Climate, Plate Tectonics, Ocean Circulation, Nutrient Concentrations
Classified based on:
•
Origin, Composition, and Distribution
Marine Sediment Classification •
Distribution
•
Neritic (neritos = of the coast) • • • •
•
Shallow-water Close to land Dominantly lithogenous Typically deposited quickly
Pelagic (pelagios = of the sea) • • •
Deeper-water Finer-grained sediments Deposited slowly
Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
• lithos = stone, generare = to produce
Lithogenous Sediment
• lithos = stone, generare = to produce • Derived from preexisting land material
Lithogenous Sediment
• lithos = stone, generare = to produce • Derived from preexisting land material • Terrigenous; terra = land
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Produced by weathering
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Produced by weathering •
Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Produced by weathering •
Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces
•
Also called terrigenous
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Also called terrigenous
•
Produced by weathering
•
Reflect composition of rock from which derived
•
Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Also called terrigenous
•
Produced by weathering
•
Reflect composition of rock from which derived
•
Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by:
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Glaciers
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Glaciers
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Glaciers
Gravity
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Glaciers
Gravity
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
• Reflects the mineral content of the rock from which it was derived
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
• Reflects the mineral content of the rock from which it was derived • Mainly quartz (SiO2)
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
• Reflects the mineral content of the rock from which it was derived • Mainly quartz (SiO2) • Next most abundant is volcanic ash
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
• Reflects the mineral content of the rock from which it was derived • Mainly quartz (SiO2) • Next most abundant is volcanic ash
Texture of Lithogenous Sediments • Grain size is an important textural property • Proportional to energy needed to lay down a deposit
Texture of Lithogenous Sediments •
Depends on grain size sorting
• • •
A measure of the uniformity of sediment Indicates the selectivity of transportation and deposition processes Well sorted = high uniformity, highly selective transportation/deposition •
•
Example: Sandy Beach
Poorly sorted = low uniformity, low selectivity in transportation/deposition •
Example: Na Pali Coast
Texture of Lithogenous Sediments
•
Depends on grain size maturity
• •
Maturity increases as particles are carried further from their source and closer towards their point of deposition As maturity increases: • • • •
Clay content decreases Sorting decreases Non-quartz minerals decreases Grains become more abraded (rounded)
Distribution of Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment Deposits NETRIC • Beach deposits • Mainly wave-deposited quartz-rich sands
• Continental shelf deposits • Relict sediments
• Turbidite deposits • Graded bedding
• Glacial deposits
• High latitude continental shelf • Currently forming by ice rafting
Lithogenous Sediment Deposits PELAGIC • • •
Fine-grained material Accumulates slowly on deep ocean floor Pelagic lithogenous sediment from
• • •
Volcanic ash (volcanic eruptions) Wind-blown dust Fine-grained material transported by deep ocean currents
Lithogenous Sediment Deposits PELAGIC, cont. •
Abyssal Clay
•
At least 70% clay sized particles from continents
• •
Red from oxidized iron (Fe) Abundant if other sediments absent
Biogenous Sediment
Biogenous Sediment
• bio = life, generare = to produce
Biogenous Sediment
• bio = life, generare = to produce • Derived from remains of hard parts of onceliving organisms
Origin of Biogenous Sediment Algae • Macroscopic • Visible to naked eye • Shells, bones, teeth
Protozoans • Microscopic • Tiny shells or tests • Biogenic ooze
Composition of Biogenous Sediment •
Two most common chemical compounds:
•
Silica (SiO2 ) •
Can be found as opal, or hydrated silica (SiO2·nH2O
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Silica in Biogenous Sediments
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
Photosynthetic algae
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments
Silica in Biogenous Sediments • Tests (shells) from diatoms and radiolarians create siliceous ooze.
Silica in Biogenous Sediments • Tests (shells) from diatoms and radiolarians create siliceous ooze.
Silica in Biogenous Sediments • Tests (shells) from diatoms and radiolarians create siliceous ooze. • Siliceous ooze transforms into diatomaceous earth over time.
Silica in Biogenous Sediments • Tests (shells) from diatoms and radiolarians create siliceous ooze. • Siliceous ooze transforms into diatomaceous earth over time.
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera – Protozoans
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera – Protozoans – Have hard calcium carbonate shell
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera – Protozoans – Have hard calcium carbonate shell – Calcareous ooze
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera – Protozoans – Have hard calcium carbonate shell – Calcareous ooze
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
•
Also called nannoplankton
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths •
Individual calcium carbonate rich plates from dead organism
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths •
•
Individual calcium carbonate rich plates from dead organism
Overtime, cocoliths accumulate and form coccolith-rich ooze
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths •
•
Individual calcium carbonate rich plates from dead organism
Overtime, cocoliths accumulate and form coccolith-rich ooze •
Eventually hardens into chalk
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths •
•
Individual calcium carbonate rich plates from dead organism
Overtime, cocoliths accumulate and form coccolith-rich ooze •
Eventually hardens into chalk
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits • Distribution depends on three processes:
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits • Distribution depends on three processes: – Productivity:
# of organisms present in surface water
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits • Distribution depends on three processes: – Productivity:
# of organisms present in surface water
– Destruction:
amount of skeletal remains dissolving in
seawater
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits • Distribution depends on three processes: – Productivity:
# of organisms present in surface water
– Destruction:
amount of skeletal remains dissolving in
seawater
– Dilution:
Deposition of other sediments decreases the percentage of biogenous
Neritic Biogenous Deposits
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits – Carbonate minerals containing CO3
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits – Carbonate minerals containing CO3 – Marine carbonates primarily limestone – CaCO3
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits – Carbonate minerals containing CO3 – Marine carbonates primarily limestone – CaCO3 – Most formed in shallow warm water areas
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits – Carbonate minerals containing CO3 – Marine carbonates primarily limestone – CaCO3 – Most formed in shallow warm water areas – Ancient marine carbonates constitute 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth
Neritic Biogenous Deposits
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3 – Found in warm, shallow-oceans with high salinity
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3 – Found in warm, shallow-oceans with high salinity – Produced by cyanobacteria and algae
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3 – Found in warm, shallow-oceans with high salinity – Produced by cyanobacteria and algae
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3 – Found in warm, shallow-oceans with high salinity – Produced by cyanobacteria and algae
Marine Sediments
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
Transported to ocean
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
• Provide clues to Earth’s history
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
• Provide clues to Earth’s history •
Climate, Plate Tectonics, Ocean Circulation, Nutrient Concentrations
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
• Provide clues to Earth’s history •
•
Climate, Plate Tectonics, Ocean Circulation, Nutrient Concentrations
Classified based on:
Marine Sediments •
Eroded rock particles and fragments •
•
Transported to ocean
Deposit by settling through water column •
Form sedimentary rock
• Provide clues to Earth’s history •
•
Climate, Plate Tectonics, Ocean Circulation, Nutrient Concentrations
Classified based on:
•
Origin, Composition, and Distribution
Marine Sediment Classification •
Distribution
•
Neritic (neritos = of the coast) • • • •
•
Shallow-water Close to land Dominantly lithogenous Typically deposited quickly
Pelagic (pelagios = of the sea) • • •
Deeper-water Finer-grained sediments Deposited slowly
Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
• lithos = stone, generare = to produce
Lithogenous Sediment
• lithos = stone, generare = to produce • Derived from preexisting land material
Lithogenous Sediment
• lithos = stone, generare = to produce • Derived from preexisting land material • Terrigenous; terra = land
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Produced by weathering
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Produced by weathering •
Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Produced by weathering •
Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces
•
Also called terrigenous
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Also called terrigenous
•
Produced by weathering
•
Reflect composition of rock from which derived
•
Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Eroded rock fragments from land
•
Also called terrigenous
•
Produced by weathering
•
Reflect composition of rock from which derived
•
Breaking of rocks into smaller pieces
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by:
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Glaciers
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Glaciers
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Glaciers
Gravity
Origin of Lithogenous Sediments •
Small particles are transported to ocean by: Rivers
Wind
Glaciers
Gravity
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
• Reflects the mineral content of the rock from which it was derived
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
• Reflects the mineral content of the rock from which it was derived • Mainly quartz (SiO2)
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
• Reflects the mineral content of the rock from which it was derived • Mainly quartz (SiO2) • Next most abundant is volcanic ash
Composition of Lithogenous Sediments
• Reflects the mineral content of the rock from which it was derived • Mainly quartz (SiO2) • Next most abundant is volcanic ash
Texture of Lithogenous Sediments • Grain size is an important textural property • Proportional to energy needed to lay down a deposit
Texture of Lithogenous Sediments •
Depends on grain size sorting
• • •
A measure of the uniformity of sediment Indicates the selectivity of transportation and deposition processes Well sorted = high uniformity, highly selective transportation/deposition •
•
Example: Sandy Beach
Poorly sorted = low uniformity, low selectivity in transportation/deposition •
Example: Na Pali Coast
Texture of Lithogenous Sediments
•
Depends on grain size maturity
• •
Maturity increases as particles are carried further from their source and closer towards their point of deposition As maturity increases: • • • •
Clay content decreases Sorting decreases Non-quartz minerals decreases Grains become more abraded (rounded)
Distribution of Lithogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment Deposits NETRIC • Beach deposits • Mainly wave-deposited quartz-rich sands
• Continental shelf deposits • Relict sediments
• Turbidite deposits • Graded bedding
• Glacial deposits
• High latitude continental shelf • Currently forming by ice rafting
Lithogenous Sediment Deposits PELAGIC • • •
Fine-grained material Accumulates slowly on deep ocean floor Pelagic lithogenous sediment from
• • •
Volcanic ash (volcanic eruptions) Wind-blown dust Fine-grained material transported by deep ocean currents
Lithogenous Sediment Deposits PELAGIC, cont. •
Abyssal Clay
•
At least 70% clay sized particles from continents
• •
Red from oxidized iron (Fe) Abundant if other sediments absent
Biogenous Sediment
Biogenous Sediment
• bio = life, generare = to produce
Biogenous Sediment
• bio = life, generare = to produce • Derived from remains of hard parts of onceliving organisms
Origin of Biogenous Sediment Algae • Macroscopic • Visible to naked eye • Shells, bones, teeth
Protozoans • Microscopic • Tiny shells or tests • Biogenic ooze
Composition of Biogenous Sediment •
Two most common chemical compounds:
•
Silica (SiO2 ) •
Can be found as opal, or hydrated silica (SiO2·nH2O
• Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Silica in Biogenous Sediments
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
Photosynthetic algae
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments •
Diatoms
•
•
Photosynthetic algae
Radiolarians
•
Autotrophic Protozoans
Silica in Biogenous Sediments
Silica in Biogenous Sediments • Tests (shells) from diatoms and radiolarians create siliceous ooze.
Silica in Biogenous Sediments • Tests (shells) from diatoms and radiolarians create siliceous ooze.
Silica in Biogenous Sediments • Tests (shells) from diatoms and radiolarians create siliceous ooze. • Siliceous ooze transforms into diatomaceous earth over time.
Silica in Biogenous Sediments • Tests (shells) from diatoms and radiolarians create siliceous ooze. • Siliceous ooze transforms into diatomaceous earth over time.
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera – Protozoans
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera – Protozoans – Have hard calcium carbonate shell
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera – Protozoans – Have hard calcium carbonate shell – Calcareous ooze
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments • Foraminifera – Protozoans – Have hard calcium carbonate shell – Calcareous ooze
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
•
Also called nannoplankton
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths •
Individual calcium carbonate rich plates from dead organism
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths •
•
Individual calcium carbonate rich plates from dead organism
Overtime, cocoliths accumulate and form coccolith-rich ooze
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths •
•
Individual calcium carbonate rich plates from dead organism
Overtime, cocoliths accumulate and form coccolith-rich ooze •
Eventually hardens into chalk
Calcium Carbonate in Biogenic Sediments •
Coccolithophores
• •
Also called nannoplankton Photosynthetic algae that have coccoliths •
•
Individual calcium carbonate rich plates from dead organism
Overtime, cocoliths accumulate and form coccolith-rich ooze •
Eventually hardens into chalk
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits • Distribution depends on three processes:
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits • Distribution depends on three processes: – Productivity:
# of organisms present in surface water
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits • Distribution depends on three processes: – Productivity:
# of organisms present in surface water
– Destruction:
amount of skeletal remains dissolving in
seawater
Distribution of Biogenous Sediments • Commonly found in pelagic deposits • Rarely seen in netric deposits • Distribution depends on three processes: – Productivity:
# of organisms present in surface water
– Destruction:
amount of skeletal remains dissolving in
seawater
– Dilution:
Deposition of other sediments decreases the percentage of biogenous
Neritic Biogenous Deposits
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits – Carbonate minerals containing CO3
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits – Carbonate minerals containing CO3 – Marine carbonates primarily limestone – CaCO3
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits – Carbonate minerals containing CO3 – Marine carbonates primarily limestone – CaCO3 – Most formed in shallow warm water areas
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • May contain micro- and macroscopic biogenous sediment • Carbonate Deposits – Carbonate minerals containing CO3 – Marine carbonates primarily limestone – CaCO3 – Most formed in shallow warm water areas – Ancient marine carbonates constitute 25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth
Neritic Biogenous Deposits
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3 – Found in warm, shallow-oceans with high salinity
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3 – Found in warm, shallow-oceans with high salinity – Produced by cyanobacteria and algae
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3 – Found in warm, shallow-oceans with high salinity – Produced by cyanobacteria and algae
Neritic Biogenous Deposits • Stromatolites – Fine layers of CO3 – Found in warm, shallow-oceans with high salinity – Produced by cyanobacteria and algae
