National Swine Nutrition Guide
National Swine Nutrition Guide Duane E. Reese University of Nebraska
1
Goal • You’ll have confidence that the NSNG is an effective tool to enhance the understanding of practical swine nutrition, feeding principles and related management guidelines.
2
Agenda • • • •
Guide’s purpose Who created it and how Overview of Guide’s contents Diet formulation & evaluation software
3
Purpose of NSNG • To enhance the understanding of basic nutrition, feeding principles and related management practices and to serve as a reference for pork producers, students, educators and allied industry personnel.
4
Steering committee • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Duane Reese, University of Nebraska Bob Thaler, South Dakota State University Brian Richert, Purdue University Scott Carter, Oklahoma State University Garland Dahlke, Iowa State University Joel DeRouchey, Kansas State University David Meisinger, US Pork Center of Excellence John Patience, Iowa State University Marcia Carlson Shannon, University of Missouri Hans Stein, University of Illinois Eric van Heugten, North Carolina State University Mark Whitney, University of Minnesota Charlotte Kirk Baer, USDA/NIFA ex-officio 5
Additional professional involvement • Representing – Academia and USDA – Agri-businesses
• Factsheet authors – N = 14
• Factsheet reviewers – N = 60
Actions to ensure relevance and creditability • Surveyed 21 pork industry professionals – # phases, entry & exit weights, methods of expressing nutrient recommendations, energy system used, etc.
• Meetings with pork industry professionals • Involved pork industry professionals to write and review factsheets
7
Guide components • Factsheets (n = 34) • Diet formulation & evaluation software • Tables booklet • Available at – http://www.usporkcent er.org/home/projects/n ational-swine-nutritionguide.aspx
Factsheets • National Swine Nutrition Guide Preface, Acknowledgements, and Table of Contents • Factors Affecting Nutrient Recommendations for Swine • Understanding the Nutrient Recommendations in the National Swine Nutrition Guide • Energy Sources for Swine Diets • Protein and Amino Acid Sources for Swine Diets
Factsheets (con’t) • Trace Minerals and Vitamins for Swine Diets • Macro-Minerals for Swine Diets • Water Recommendations and Systems for Swine • Nursery Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Growing-Finishing Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management
Factsheet (con’t) • Replacement Gilt and Boar Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Gestating Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Lactating Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Breeding Boar Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Cull Sow Feeding Management
Factsheets (con’t) • • • •
Example Diets for Swine Diet and Health Interactions in Swine Feed Additives for Swine Feed Additives for Swine - Enzymes and Phytase • Feed Additives for Swine - Conjugated Linoleic Acid
Factsheets (con’t) • Feed Additives for Swine - Paylean® • Swine Feed and Ingredient Sampling and Analysis • Utilization of Weather-Stressed Feedstuffs in Swine Diets • Purchasing of High Quality Ingredients for Swine Diets
Factsheets (con’t) • Composition and Usage Rate of Feed Ingredients for Swine Diets • Swine Feed Processing and Manufacturing • Methods of Supplying Nutrients to Swine • Feeding Systems for Swine • Feeding for Niche Swine Production
Factsheets (con’t) • Nutritional Effects on Swine Nutrient Excretion and Air Quality • Nutritional Effects on Pork Quality in Swine Production • By-product feed ingredients for use in swine diets • Conversion Factors • Index
Overview of Nutrient Recommendations in the NSNG
16
Basis for recommendations • Nutrient recommendations in the NSNG are based on both the 1998 NRC and research published since 1998. • Values published by the NRC do not include any safety margins. • A margin of safety was applied to each nutrient in order to establish a recommendation for that nutrient in the NSNG 17
Basis for recommendations • Margins of safety necessary to account for factors that affect nutrient needs and variability in nutrient composition and in nutrient bioavailability of feed ingredients • Nutrient cost and environmental issues surrounding nutrient excretion were considered when determining safety margins
18
Basis for recommendations • Nutrient recommendations in the NSNG were established according to predetermined pig performance standards; for example, daily weight gain, feed intake, carcass lean gain, litter size and litter weaning weight • No particular genetics or line considered • Those performance standards accompany the nutrient recommendations in the NSNG to provide transparency and to allow individuals to tailor recommendations to specific situations 19
Trace mineral and vitamin recommendations • To reduce the risk of deficiencies and to ensure optimum and reliable pig performance, we recommend certain trace minerals and vitamins be routinely added to the diet • Trace mineral and vitamin recommendations in the NSNG represent additions to the diet
20
(total) (total)
Energy
22
Energy Systems NE production Metabolizable Energy
Net Energy NE maintenance
Digestible Energy Urinary Energy
Gross Energy Fecal Energy
Gaseous Energy
Heat increment
23
Energy Systems • NSNG Formulation Program • Can use either ME or NE concentrations of feedstuffs • Formulate based on ME, with NE shadowing • However, formulation on NE is available
24
Amino Acids
25
Expressing Amino Acid Recommendations • Apparent – The net disappearance of ingested dietary amino acids from the digestive tract proximal to the distal ileum
• Standardized – Derived by correcting AID values for a constant defined basal endogenous losses of amino acids
• True – The portion of the dietary amino acids that disappears from the proximal to distal ileum corrected for endogenous losses 26
Ideal amino acid ratios – nursery
Ideal amino acid ratios – grower/finisher
Ideal amino acid ratios – lactation
Ideal amino acid ratios – gestation & breeding boars
Phosphorus
Relative Bio-available vs. Digestible P • Relative Bioavailable P – Determined based on a standard (Mono-sodium P) – Growth or bone breaking strength and break point – Digestibility of standard not considered
• Digestible P – Total track or ileal digestibility of the feed stuffs – Better to predict excretion and environmental impact of diet – Modeled relative to lean gain in grow-finish
Phytase Use • Phytase use is a standard in the industry • Software contains release curves of the 4 current commercially available products Estimated P release values for Natuphos, Optiphos, Phyzyme, and Ronozyme phytase sources, amount of enzyme per kg of diet Natuphos, FTU 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Phyzyme, FTU Optiphos, FTU 100 40 200 80 300 120 400 160 500 200 600 240 700 280 800 320 900 360
Ronozyme, FYT 370 740 1110 1480 1850 2220 2590 2960 3330
Avail P release, % 0.038 0.058 0.075 0.090 0.102 0.112 0.120 0.124 0.127
Vitamin and Trace Mineral Premix Specs
Trace mineral premix specs
Vitamin premix specs - nursery
Vitamin premix specs – grow/fin
Vitamin premix specs – breeding herd
Formulation and Evaluation Software Bob Thaler South Dakota State University
39
1
Goal • You’ll have confidence that the NSNG is an effective tool to enhance the understanding of practical swine nutrition, feeding principles and related management guidelines.
2
Agenda • • • •
Guide’s purpose Who created it and how Overview of Guide’s contents Diet formulation & evaluation software
3
Purpose of NSNG • To enhance the understanding of basic nutrition, feeding principles and related management practices and to serve as a reference for pork producers, students, educators and allied industry personnel.
4
Steering committee • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Duane Reese, University of Nebraska Bob Thaler, South Dakota State University Brian Richert, Purdue University Scott Carter, Oklahoma State University Garland Dahlke, Iowa State University Joel DeRouchey, Kansas State University David Meisinger, US Pork Center of Excellence John Patience, Iowa State University Marcia Carlson Shannon, University of Missouri Hans Stein, University of Illinois Eric van Heugten, North Carolina State University Mark Whitney, University of Minnesota Charlotte Kirk Baer, USDA/NIFA ex-officio 5
Additional professional involvement • Representing – Academia and USDA – Agri-businesses
• Factsheet authors – N = 14
• Factsheet reviewers – N = 60
Actions to ensure relevance and creditability • Surveyed 21 pork industry professionals – # phases, entry & exit weights, methods of expressing nutrient recommendations, energy system used, etc.
• Meetings with pork industry professionals • Involved pork industry professionals to write and review factsheets
7
Guide components • Factsheets (n = 34) • Diet formulation & evaluation software • Tables booklet • Available at – http://www.usporkcent er.org/home/projects/n ational-swine-nutritionguide.aspx
Factsheets • National Swine Nutrition Guide Preface, Acknowledgements, and Table of Contents • Factors Affecting Nutrient Recommendations for Swine • Understanding the Nutrient Recommendations in the National Swine Nutrition Guide • Energy Sources for Swine Diets • Protein and Amino Acid Sources for Swine Diets
Factsheets (con’t) • Trace Minerals and Vitamins for Swine Diets • Macro-Minerals for Swine Diets • Water Recommendations and Systems for Swine • Nursery Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Growing-Finishing Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management
Factsheet (con’t) • Replacement Gilt and Boar Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Gestating Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Lactating Swine Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Breeding Boar Nutrient Recommendations and Feeding Management • Cull Sow Feeding Management
Factsheets (con’t) • • • •
Example Diets for Swine Diet and Health Interactions in Swine Feed Additives for Swine Feed Additives for Swine - Enzymes and Phytase • Feed Additives for Swine - Conjugated Linoleic Acid
Factsheets (con’t) • Feed Additives for Swine - Paylean® • Swine Feed and Ingredient Sampling and Analysis • Utilization of Weather-Stressed Feedstuffs in Swine Diets • Purchasing of High Quality Ingredients for Swine Diets
Factsheets (con’t) • Composition and Usage Rate of Feed Ingredients for Swine Diets • Swine Feed Processing and Manufacturing • Methods of Supplying Nutrients to Swine • Feeding Systems for Swine • Feeding for Niche Swine Production
Factsheets (con’t) • Nutritional Effects on Swine Nutrient Excretion and Air Quality • Nutritional Effects on Pork Quality in Swine Production • By-product feed ingredients for use in swine diets • Conversion Factors • Index
Overview of Nutrient Recommendations in the NSNG
16
Basis for recommendations • Nutrient recommendations in the NSNG are based on both the 1998 NRC and research published since 1998. • Values published by the NRC do not include any safety margins. • A margin of safety was applied to each nutrient in order to establish a recommendation for that nutrient in the NSNG 17
Basis for recommendations • Margins of safety necessary to account for factors that affect nutrient needs and variability in nutrient composition and in nutrient bioavailability of feed ingredients • Nutrient cost and environmental issues surrounding nutrient excretion were considered when determining safety margins
18
Basis for recommendations • Nutrient recommendations in the NSNG were established according to predetermined pig performance standards; for example, daily weight gain, feed intake, carcass lean gain, litter size and litter weaning weight • No particular genetics or line considered • Those performance standards accompany the nutrient recommendations in the NSNG to provide transparency and to allow individuals to tailor recommendations to specific situations 19
Trace mineral and vitamin recommendations • To reduce the risk of deficiencies and to ensure optimum and reliable pig performance, we recommend certain trace minerals and vitamins be routinely added to the diet • Trace mineral and vitamin recommendations in the NSNG represent additions to the diet
20
(total) (total)
Energy
22
Energy Systems NE production Metabolizable Energy
Net Energy NE maintenance
Digestible Energy Urinary Energy
Gross Energy Fecal Energy
Gaseous Energy
Heat increment
23
Energy Systems • NSNG Formulation Program • Can use either ME or NE concentrations of feedstuffs • Formulate based on ME, with NE shadowing • However, formulation on NE is available
24
Amino Acids
25
Expressing Amino Acid Recommendations • Apparent – The net disappearance of ingested dietary amino acids from the digestive tract proximal to the distal ileum
• Standardized – Derived by correcting AID values for a constant defined basal endogenous losses of amino acids
• True – The portion of the dietary amino acids that disappears from the proximal to distal ileum corrected for endogenous losses 26
Ideal amino acid ratios – nursery
Ideal amino acid ratios – grower/finisher
Ideal amino acid ratios – lactation
Ideal amino acid ratios – gestation & breeding boars
Phosphorus
Relative Bio-available vs. Digestible P • Relative Bioavailable P – Determined based on a standard (Mono-sodium P) – Growth or bone breaking strength and break point – Digestibility of standard not considered
• Digestible P – Total track or ileal digestibility of the feed stuffs – Better to predict excretion and environmental impact of diet – Modeled relative to lean gain in grow-finish
Phytase Use • Phytase use is a standard in the industry • Software contains release curves of the 4 current commercially available products Estimated P release values for Natuphos, Optiphos, Phyzyme, and Ronozyme phytase sources, amount of enzyme per kg of diet Natuphos, FTU 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Phyzyme, FTU Optiphos, FTU 100 40 200 80 300 120 400 160 500 200 600 240 700 280 800 320 900 360
Ronozyme, FYT 370 740 1110 1480 1850 2220 2590 2960 3330
Avail P release, % 0.038 0.058 0.075 0.090 0.102 0.112 0.120 0.124 0.127
Vitamin and Trace Mineral Premix Specs
Trace mineral premix specs
Vitamin premix specs - nursery
Vitamin premix specs – grow/fin
Vitamin premix specs – breeding herd
Formulation and Evaluation Software Bob Thaler South Dakota State University
39
