Nuclear Training Meeting Advanced Nuclear Technology Action ... - UxC
Small Modular Reactors September 29, 2010 Dr. Thomas TerBush EPRI Nuclear Sector
2009 Prism – U.S. Electricity Sector
U.S. Electric Sector CO2 Emissions (million metric tons)
3500 3000
EIA 2009 baseline Efficiency
2500 Renewables
2000
Nuclear Fossil Efficiency CCS
1500
41% below 2005
PEV ElectroTechnologies
58% below 2005
1000 500 0 1990
1995
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2000
2005
2010
2
2015
2020
2025
2030
MERGE U.S. Electric Generation Mix Limited Portfolio
6
Full Portfolio
6
Demand Reduction
Demand Reduction
5
Trillion kWh per year
7
5
Biomass 4
Wind
Solar
4
Hydro Wind
Nuclear
Biomass
3
3
Hydro
Nuclear Gas
2
2
Gas
Coal
1
Coal 0 2000
2010
New Coal + CCS
CCS Retrofit 2020
2030
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2040
2050 2000 3
2010
2020
2030
2040
1
0 2050
Trillion kWh per year
7
MERGE Wholesale Electricity Cost Results $220
Substantial increases in the cost of electricity
$200 $180
2050
$/Mwh (2007$)
$160
Limited Portfolio
$140
Limited Portfolio Full Portfolio
160%
$120
Full Portfolio BAU U.S. Average Wholesale Electricity Cost *
$100 $80 $60
50%
2007 U.S. AverageWholesale Wholesale Electricity Cost 2007 U.S. Average Electricity Cost
$40 *
$20
Based on estimate of expected business as usual annual investment in generation expansion. Source: “Transforming America’s Power Industry: The Investment Challenge 2010-2030”, The Edison Foundation, 2008 (www.edisonfoundation.net) and U.S. DOE Energy Information Administration 2008 Annual Energy Outlook.
$0 2020 © 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2030
2040 4
2050
New Nuclear Plants Under Consideration
60 reactors under construction worldwide China – 23
Argentina – 1
Russia – 13
Brazil Fermi, DTE– 1
Alternate Energy Holdings 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
Korea – 5
Finland – 1
India – 4
France – 1
Callaway, AEE 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
Bulgaria – 2
North Anna, D 1-Unspecified Technology
Iran – 1
Lee Station, DUK 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Japan – 2
Pakistan – 1
Amarillo, UNE 2-USEPR (3,200 MW)
Bellefonte, NS/TVA 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Slovakia – 2
Selected Finalist for US DOE Loan Guarantee Program / Filed COLA
Bell Bend/PPL, UNE 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
1-ESBWR (1,550 MW)
Blue Castle, TP 1-Unspecified Technology
Filed COLA
USA – 1
Comanche Peak, LUM/TXU 2-USAPWR (3,400 MW)
Grand Gulf, NS/ETR 1-Unspecified Technology
Ukraine – 2
River Bend, ETR 1-Unspecified Technology
36 in Asia…11 in FSU
Announced Intentions to File COLA
South Texas Project, NINA/NRG 2-ABWR (2,700 MW)
Calvert Cliffs, UNE 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
Harris, PGN 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Summer, SCG 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW) Alvin W. Vogtle, SO 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Levy County, PGN 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Victoria, EXE 2-ABWR (2,700 MW) Turkey Point, FPL 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
COLA Review Suspended / Partially Suspended Source: NRC Expected New Nuclear Power Plant Applications (July 2009) / U.S DOE Nuclear Power Deployment Scorecard © 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nine Mile Point, UNE 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
5
Where Do Small Modular Reactors Fit In? • Economic constraints • Siting constraints • Security and safety features • Advanced applications
Drivers are not unique to the United States
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
6
Small Modular Reactor Designs • Light Water Reactors – NuScale, B&W mPOWER, Westinghouse IRIS
• Mini, distributed & fuel-cycle applications – Hyperion, Toshiba 4S, GE Hitachi PRISM
• HTGR’s for process heat and hydrogen – PBMR, AREVA and General Atomics
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
7
Global Requirements • Timing • Resources • Owner-Operator Support • Generic regulatory and licensing issues • Public-Private Coordination
Many designs present new licensing challenges and construction/operating paradigms
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
8
Building Blocks for Successful SMR Deployment * Building Blocks for SMR Deployments: PREREQUISITES: 1. Current nuclear plant performance is maintained 2. Current COLA activities proceed as planned
Utility Lead
GENERIC REGULATIONS AND INDUSTRY STANDARDS 1. Predictable licensing and stable regulation 2. LWSMR Utility Requirements Volume 3. Siting Guide Update PROJECT SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES: 1. NRC Design Certification 3. First-of-a-Kind R&D / Engineering
NEI /EPRI Lead
NSSS / DOE lead
INSTITUTIONAL STEPS: 1. Enhanced public acceptance 2. Clarification of Financing including DOE Loan Guarantees 3. State economic and regulatory issues 4. Enhanced Gov’t support
NEI Lead
* Adapted from “Strategic Plan for Building New Nuclear Power Plants” NPOC document – Nov 1990
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9
Some History…the EPRI ALWR Program Initiating Events
ALWR Program Objectives
1983 - Feedback from a survey of nuclear utility executives: nuclear power plants must be
• Incorporate the over 5000 reactor-years of experience • Realize significant improvements in safety
– Safer and simpler – Competitive
• Stabilize Regulatory basis:
– Standardized
– Regulatory optimization
– Pre-licensed by the U.S. NRC
– Margin to regulations
1985 - The EPRI ALWR Program is launched
– Resolution of state and local regulatory issues
• Promote standardization
• Reduce capital and O & M costs © 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
10
Utility Requirements Document for LWSMRs • Presents a clear, comprehensive set of design requirements – Match to vendor-provided designs – Cover complete plant out to grid connection – Fully integrated and consistent – Address all aspects of plant excellence: safety/licensing; performance; constructability; a good neighbor; low environmental effects; acceptable cost; investment protection.
• Grounded in proven technology of 40 years of commercial light water reactor (LWR) experience. • Builds on the current LWR experience base, incorporating features which assure a simple and robust design.
Opportunity to reflect past 10 years of industry advances © 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
11
© from 2010 Electric Power Research Image NASA Visible Earth Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
12
2009 Prism – U.S. Electricity Sector
U.S. Electric Sector CO2 Emissions (million metric tons)
3500 3000
EIA 2009 baseline Efficiency
2500 Renewables
2000
Nuclear Fossil Efficiency CCS
1500
41% below 2005
PEV ElectroTechnologies
58% below 2005
1000 500 0 1990
1995
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2000
2005
2010
2
2015
2020
2025
2030
MERGE U.S. Electric Generation Mix Limited Portfolio
6
Full Portfolio
6
Demand Reduction
Demand Reduction
5
Trillion kWh per year
7
5
Biomass 4
Wind
Solar
4
Hydro Wind
Nuclear
Biomass
3
3
Hydro
Nuclear Gas
2
2
Gas
Coal
1
Coal 0 2000
2010
New Coal + CCS
CCS Retrofit 2020
2030
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2040
2050 2000 3
2010
2020
2030
2040
1
0 2050
Trillion kWh per year
7
MERGE Wholesale Electricity Cost Results $220
Substantial increases in the cost of electricity
$200 $180
2050
$/Mwh (2007$)
$160
Limited Portfolio
$140
Limited Portfolio Full Portfolio
160%
$120
Full Portfolio BAU U.S. Average Wholesale Electricity Cost *
$100 $80 $60
50%
2007 U.S. AverageWholesale Wholesale Electricity Cost 2007 U.S. Average Electricity Cost
$40 *
$20
Based on estimate of expected business as usual annual investment in generation expansion. Source: “Transforming America’s Power Industry: The Investment Challenge 2010-2030”, The Edison Foundation, 2008 (www.edisonfoundation.net) and U.S. DOE Energy Information Administration 2008 Annual Energy Outlook.
$0 2020 © 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2030
2040 4
2050
New Nuclear Plants Under Consideration
60 reactors under construction worldwide China – 23
Argentina – 1
Russia – 13
Brazil Fermi, DTE– 1
Alternate Energy Holdings 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
Korea – 5
Finland – 1
India – 4
France – 1
Callaway, AEE 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
Bulgaria – 2
North Anna, D 1-Unspecified Technology
Iran – 1
Lee Station, DUK 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Japan – 2
Pakistan – 1
Amarillo, UNE 2-USEPR (3,200 MW)
Bellefonte, NS/TVA 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Slovakia – 2
Selected Finalist for US DOE Loan Guarantee Program / Filed COLA
Bell Bend/PPL, UNE 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
1-ESBWR (1,550 MW)
Blue Castle, TP 1-Unspecified Technology
Filed COLA
USA – 1
Comanche Peak, LUM/TXU 2-USAPWR (3,400 MW)
Grand Gulf, NS/ETR 1-Unspecified Technology
Ukraine – 2
River Bend, ETR 1-Unspecified Technology
36 in Asia…11 in FSU
Announced Intentions to File COLA
South Texas Project, NINA/NRG 2-ABWR (2,700 MW)
Calvert Cliffs, UNE 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
Harris, PGN 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Summer, SCG 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW) Alvin W. Vogtle, SO 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Levy County, PGN 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
Victoria, EXE 2-ABWR (2,700 MW) Turkey Point, FPL 2-AP1000 (2,200 MW)
COLA Review Suspended / Partially Suspended Source: NRC Expected New Nuclear Power Plant Applications (July 2009) / U.S DOE Nuclear Power Deployment Scorecard © 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nine Mile Point, UNE 1-USEPR (1,600 MW)
5
Where Do Small Modular Reactors Fit In? • Economic constraints • Siting constraints • Security and safety features • Advanced applications
Drivers are not unique to the United States
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
6
Small Modular Reactor Designs • Light Water Reactors – NuScale, B&W mPOWER, Westinghouse IRIS
• Mini, distributed & fuel-cycle applications – Hyperion, Toshiba 4S, GE Hitachi PRISM
• HTGR’s for process heat and hydrogen – PBMR, AREVA and General Atomics
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
7
Global Requirements • Timing • Resources • Owner-Operator Support • Generic regulatory and licensing issues • Public-Private Coordination
Many designs present new licensing challenges and construction/operating paradigms
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
8
Building Blocks for Successful SMR Deployment * Building Blocks for SMR Deployments: PREREQUISITES: 1. Current nuclear plant performance is maintained 2. Current COLA activities proceed as planned
Utility Lead
GENERIC REGULATIONS AND INDUSTRY STANDARDS 1. Predictable licensing and stable regulation 2. LWSMR Utility Requirements Volume 3. Siting Guide Update PROJECT SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES: 1. NRC Design Certification 3. First-of-a-Kind R&D / Engineering
NEI /EPRI Lead
NSSS / DOE lead
INSTITUTIONAL STEPS: 1. Enhanced public acceptance 2. Clarification of Financing including DOE Loan Guarantees 3. State economic and regulatory issues 4. Enhanced Gov’t support
NEI Lead
* Adapted from “Strategic Plan for Building New Nuclear Power Plants” NPOC document – Nov 1990
© 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9
Some History…the EPRI ALWR Program Initiating Events
ALWR Program Objectives
1983 - Feedback from a survey of nuclear utility executives: nuclear power plants must be
• Incorporate the over 5000 reactor-years of experience • Realize significant improvements in safety
– Safer and simpler – Competitive
• Stabilize Regulatory basis:
– Standardized
– Regulatory optimization
– Pre-licensed by the U.S. NRC
– Margin to regulations
1985 - The EPRI ALWR Program is launched
– Resolution of state and local regulatory issues
• Promote standardization
• Reduce capital and O & M costs © 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
10
Utility Requirements Document for LWSMRs • Presents a clear, comprehensive set of design requirements – Match to vendor-provided designs – Cover complete plant out to grid connection – Fully integrated and consistent – Address all aspects of plant excellence: safety/licensing; performance; constructability; a good neighbor; low environmental effects; acceptable cost; investment protection.
• Grounded in proven technology of 40 years of commercial light water reactor (LWR) experience. • Builds on the current LWR experience base, incorporating features which assure a simple and robust design.
Opportunity to reflect past 10 years of industry advances © 2010 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
11
© from 2010 Electric Power Research Image NASA Visible Earth Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
12
