Page 1 65 104 103-150 2012 ITLOS * ** 2012 76 * DOI:10.6166/TJPS ...
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡Ɵࢱ 103-150
ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚* ች؞ԗ**
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઼ᅫঔ߶ڱल ٺ2012 ѐΐٛƟո९̚Ăಶঔ߶ࡗ̳ڱௐ 76 ୧γ̂ౙᒨᆸҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖĂд઼ᅫڱጯ͔ࠧ˞ኢĄొ̶ ጯ۰ᄮࠎҋؼҩࣧдώҿՙޢĂдঔ߶ڼ߆ߏ่̚ࡗ̳ڱਜ਼ޥĂ ొ̶ᄮࠎّࢋࢦజۺᄮĄ˫Ăҋؼҩࣧտᑕࠎҋгᄻٕгኳ ؼҩࣧĂ˵дώ९͔̚൴̙Тຍ֍Ąώ͛ᑭෛ઼ᅫੰڱҿՙᄃ̂ౙ ᒨᆸࠧࢨ؎ࣶົ۞ޙᛉ९ޢĂࢋѣˬ࣎ࡁտ൴னĄࢵАĂΐٛƟ ո९ᑕజෛࠎ࿅୧ࡗࡗ۞ؠপঅଐڶĂ҃ͽгኳᙋፂүࠎҋ ؼҩࣧ۞ᇾĄ˫Ăҋؼҩ̪ࣧߏᄮؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࢋޠڱ І҃ڼ߆ܧਜ਼ޥĄޢĂࠎჯҋؼҩࣧᄃડા۞ޘטᘦؠĂҋ гᄻڻҩࣧѣࢦࢋ۞ᙋፂᄲڇΑਕĂҭϏଵੵҋ۞гኳؼҩ ࣧĄ ᙯᔣෟĈ̂ౙᒨᆸăҋؼҩࣧă̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ؎ࣶົăડાޘט
* DOI:10.6166/TJPS.65 (103-150)Ą ** ઼ϲᄂ៉̂ጯ߆ڼጯրӄநିĂE-mail: [email protected]Ą ќቇ͟ഇĈ104 ѐ 6 ͡ 5 ͟ć఼࿅͟ഇĈ104 ѐ 9 ͡ 16 ͟
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ಥă݈֏ĈĶΐٛ v. ոထࠧҿՙķ ۞઼ᅫᙯܼᄃ઼ᅫࡦڱഀ 2012 ѐ઼ᅫঔ߶ڱलĞͽ˭ᖎჍ ITLOSğдΐٛƟո९ܑ̚ϯĂ ઼ثڻĞѩ९̚ࠎոğӎֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝ᝋӀĂ 1 ่ ᅮֶፂঔ߶ࡗ̳ڱĞUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ͽ˭ᖎ Ⴭ UNCLOSğௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ഠఢؠĂᄮ̂ؠౙཙĞfoot of the continental slopeĂͽ˭ᖎჍ FOSğ۞ҜཉޢĂГֶፂྍഠఢ۞ؠĶ̳ёķထ̂ؠౙᙝ ۞γቡӈΞĂͦื҂ᇋྍγ̂ౙᒨᆸᄃ઼ثڻมШঔ̝˘ࢬٙؼҩ̝ౙ Ăᄃྍ̂ౙཙ̝มߏӎѣгᄻ۞ాᜈّĞITLOS, 2012ğĄೱ֏ ̝Ă઼ᅫঔ߶ڱलдྍ९̚ᄮࠎĶҋؼҩķд UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧̚Ăͦ үࠎ˘࣎ϲّ۞ҿᕝᇾĂ่ᅮಏ৷ͽߏӎѣĶ̂ౙཙķүࠎĶҋ ؼҩķ۞ᄮؠᇾĞITLOS, 2012ćMcDorman, 2013: 101-102ğĄ˫Ă઼ ᅫঔ߶ڱलдྍ९̚˵അྋᛖĂ̙Ķҋؼҩķ༊үϲᇾ۞ ྋᛖ͞ёĂؕЪ UNCLOS ࡗ઼ࠎ˞ᕖૺ̂ౙᒨᆸგᔑᝋ۞ϲڱϫ۞ ĞITLOS, 2012ğĄ̙࿅Ă၆઼ٺᅫঔ߶ڱलѩ˘ྋᛖ͞ёĂੵ˞дྍҿՙ ͔̚൴˞̙Тຍ֍۞ԲҿγĞITLOS, 2012ğĂ 2 дጯఙኢ͛̚˵͔൴ ̙Т۞ኢĞHuang & Liao, 2014ćKim, 2014: 383-384ćJia, 2013ćMcDorman, 2013ğĄ ְ၁˯ĂITLOS ۞ҿՙົ઼͔ᅫࢦ˯ڱෛ۞ࣧЯĂᄃΐٛ៉ώ֗ ጼரгҜ͟ৈࢦࢋѣᙯĄϦ֏̝ĂОޘдĶ߆୕ڌඉķ۞ጼரϫᇾ˭Ăᅮ 1
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ѣᙯঔ߶ ̚ࡗ̳ڱcontinental shelf ˘ෟ۞͛̚ᛌЩĂֶፂᓑЪ઼۞͛̚͞ءᖙᛌࠎ Ķ̂ౙߛķĂҭֶፂԧ઼Ķᛳགྷᑻঔા̈́̂ౙᒨᆸڱķᛌࠎĶ̂ౙᒨᆸķćώ͛д ѩଳԧ઼۞˯ޠڱᖙᛌࠎፂĄ˫Ăѣᙯҋؼҩ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞̂ౙᒨᆸϡᄬĂጯ ந˯ѣ۞ჍࠎĶγ̂ౙᒨᆸķĂѣ۞ჍࠎĶؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸķ֭ؠኢćώ͛ଳϡ ͧྵᖎ̼۞Ķγ̂ౙᒨᆸķ˘ෟĄ ּтĂ઼̝ءڱഅдϲຍ֍३ܑ̚ϯĂUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ഠߏͽгኳٕгᄻ ۞ాᜈّĂֽՙߏ઼ثڻؠӎֳѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞˘ีϲࢋ৵Ą
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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ࢋ఼࿅О߶ޘĂ֭ซˢ౫̱ϥঔदͽ఼ֲڌـঔાĄࠎቁܲྍঔ˯Ϲ఼ቢ ۞ึၰĂӈѣቁϲΐٛ៉ঔાထࠧ۞ࢦࢋᅮՐĞKhan, 2013ğĄ͍Ăܕ ѐ઼ֽ̙̚გߏঔ˯۞Ըडਕ˧Ăٕགྷᑻ๕˧۞ᚮుĂѝ̏ݑঔડા ֭ซˢО߶ޘĂ͔҃Оࢦޘ۞ع߆ޘෛĞSakhuja, 2010ğĄ၆ΐٛ ո઼ֽᄲĂܨᅮӀϡΐٛ៉ᖳಱ۞ϮྤڵĂͽ઼઼͚̰གྷ ᑻ൴ण۞ᅮࢋĄ͍Ă͟ώ˵д઼̚Я৵˭ĂᅮࢋᖣϤΐٛո઼Ă ᆧૻдΐٛ៉۞ᇆᜩ˧ĞSong, 2013ğĄЯѩĂΐٛ៉ዎ۞Оޘă ΐٛᄃոˬ઼ĂдЧҋ̙Т۞ጼரϫᇾ˭ĂᅮࢋቁϲЯ࠹ዐঔثቢٙ ౄј۞̙ቁؠঔાგᔑቑಛĄ͍Ăࡶΐٛ៉۞ᛳགྷᑻঔાٕ̂ౙᒨ ᆸ۞ؼҩቑಛ̙ځቁॡĂ˯ˬ઼۞ጼரϫᇾϺ၁ன۞ΞਕĄд˯г ቡ߆ڼᄃጼரϫᇾ۞݈೩˭Ăΐٛ៉ฉᙝˬ઼࣎छĂӮԓ୕࿅઼ᅫڱ ˯۞ՙ፟טĂጐԣቁϲΐٛ៉۞ঔાგᔑᝋĄ 3 ϫ݈Ăˬ઼࣎छ̏ གྷ̶ҾགྷϤҿՙٕЅĂቁϲˬ઼дΐٛ៉۞ᛳགྷᑻঔાᄃ̂ౙᒨᆸ ထࠧĂјࠎ઼ᅫᙯܼ˯Ω˘࣎јΑӀϡ઼ᅫ۞˯ڱՙ፟טĂྋՙထࠧۋ ბ֭Ξܳซঔા൴ण۞ࢦࢋ९ּĄ ώ͛˵ಶߏдѩҿՙ͔ٙ൴۞઼ᅫᙯܼᄃጯఙኢਔඛ˭Ă୬̶ژᄃ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩ̝ࣧጯᄲᄃҿՙĂ̙҃Г ݀ࢨ ྍٺ2012 ѐ઼ᅫঔ߶ڱल۞ҿՙĄՀࢦࢋ۰ĂၟҌ 2014 ѐࠎͤĂᓑ Ъ઼̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ؎ࣶົĞͽ˭ᖎჍ CLCSğ̏གྷ̳ο˞ 20 ࣎γ̂ౙᒨᆸ ޙᛉ९Ă༊̚˵ঘ̈́זధкᄃҋؼҩࣧ࠹ᙯ۞ޠڱྋᛖۋᛉયᗟĄᔵ CLCS ώ֗ߏϤҋࡊጯछٙј۞؎ࣶົĂҭࠎ˞ેҖ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ٙኬ̟۞ᖚᝋâਠᄮࠎдᖚᝋቑಛ̰Ϻֳѣ˘۞ؠ୧ࡗྋᛖᝋ˧ ĞHuang & Liao, 2014: 290ćMcDorman, 1995: 177-179ğĄ 4 ЯѩĂCLCS 3
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ΐ̶ٛҾᄃոОޘĂ࿅઼ᅫঔ߶ڱलᄃ૱నЅलĂд 2012 ᄃ 2014 ѐ࿅ ҿՙᄃЅĂԆјঔાထࠧĄҌٺώ͛ٙଣ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩયᗟĂࢋߏ 2012 ѐΐٛᄃո̝ม۞ۋޠڱᕇĄ҃дΐٛО̝ޘมĂѩۋᛉᕇ̏གྷ࿅೯ ͔ 2012 ѐ۞ҿՙྋՙĂ֭Ϗԛјྍ९̚۞ۋޠڱᛉĄ ଂϫ݈̂ొ̶ጯᄲ۞ૺֽ࠻ĂӮᄮࠎ CLCS ՟ѣϲ۞ڱᝋ˧Ăҭ၆ ٺCLCS ۞୧ࡗ ྋᛖड़˧ѣ̙Т࠻ڱĄѣ۞ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂߊ CLCS ӮϤޠڱܧጯछٙјĂٙࠎ ۞ޠڱྋᛖҋٲՁࡗ઼۞ड़˧Ąҭѣ۞ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂCLCS ߏ UNCLOS ࡗ઼ٙג ຍ౹ౄ۞͌ᇴ୧ࡗ፟ၹ̝˘Ăܑϯࡗ઼ѣຍឰ CLCS үࠎ˘࣎ѣࢨ۞វĂ֭၆̂
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
д̙Тޙᛉ९̚၆ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧۞ྋᛖĂ่̙ߏ઼ᅫڱ၁ኹ۞˘ొ̶Ă ˵எஎгᇆᜩ઼ثڻѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞ቑಛĄЯѩĂੵ˞ࡁտᄃҋ ؼҩࣧ࠹ᙯ۞ጯᄲᄃҿՙγĂώ͛˵ซ˘Վࡁտ CLCS ޙᛉ९͔ٙ̚ ൴۞ޠڱયᗟĄ ጐგԧ઼̙ߏ UNCLOS ۞ࡗ઼Ăॲڱፂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧೩Ϲγ ̂ౙᒨᆸੈिĂҭܑ̙֭ԧ઼ڱૺዎঔા۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛĄ͍ Ăࡶዐ۞઼ثڻܕγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ૺቑಛᄃԧ઼ሕд۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸૺ ቑಛࢦᝑĂ઼ٕ࿁ͅγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧॡĂԧ઼дγϹ˯̪ົ ଳפপ۞ؠᓏٕځԩᛉҖજĄ 5 ϤѩΞ֍Ă̙გߏѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸҋؼ ҩࣧ۞ጯᄲăҿՙٕ CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९Ăౌ၆ٺԧ઼ዎঔાሕд۞γ̂ ౙᒨᆸგᔑቑಛĂயϠ࠹༊எᅈ۞ᇆᜩĄ ώ͛۞ࢋߛၹщଵт˭Ĉௐ෮ొ̶ᖎ࿅ 200 ঔ֧ҋؼҩ۞γ ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞γቡࠧࢨထૄ۞ؠώߛޠڱၹĄௐણొ̶੫၆ҋؼҩࣧ̚ ٙᏜĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរķᇾ۞ޠڱྋᛖĂᄃ CLCS ۞ࢦࢋޙᛉ९ΐͽᄲځĄ ௐདྷొ̶ซ˘Վ̶ژᄮؠҋؼҩࣧγቡࠧࢨĶ̳ёቢķ̚Ăѣᙯ FOS ۞ޠڱዋϡࣧۋᛉĄௐЁొ̶ژ̶ҋؼҩࣧγቡࠧࢨĶࢨטቢķ ̚ĂѣᙯĶஎטࢨޘቢķᄃЧঔਖ۞ྋᛖ̶ᙷۋᛉĄௐౙొ̶ߏώ͛ ၆ٺٙѣ࠹ᙯޠڱྋᛖۋᛉ۞ෞژĂޢௐ߭ొ̶ߏώ͛۞ඕኢĄ
෮ăUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ ࠧࢨထૄ̝ؠώߛޠڱၹ ᔵ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧۞ૄώࢋІ࠻ҬԆፋĂҭЧีఢ۞ؠϲڱϫ۞
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ౙᒨᆸޘטயϠ˘ޠڱ۞ؠྋᛖ̝ྃ·ΑਕĄώ͛ͽࠎĂࡶ CLCS ాѣࢨ۞୧ࡗྋᛖ ᝋ˧ౌ՟ѣ۞ྖĂ઼ثڻӈ ͽڱCLCS ޙᛉ९үࠎѣड़ૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ۞ॲ ፂĄࠤͷĂUNCLOS ࡗ઼Հืдௐ 76 ୧ఢؠĂڻঔ઼д CLCS ޙᛉૄᖂ˯ٙထ ̂۞ؠౙᒨᆸࠧࢨĂѣቁٲّؠՁ˧Ą ּтĂγϹొഅд 2009 ѐ੫၆ֽҘֲᄃ۞ݑᓑЪᄃ۞ݑЧҾ೩९̚Ă൴ܑԧ઼ ၆ྍ೩९۞ᓏځӈߏ˘ּĞγϹొĂ2009ğĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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ٕϏځቁఢቑ̝Ă၆ҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖᄃ CLCS дᆶந઼ثڻ೩९ॡĂ ౌົౄј࠹༊ۋ۞ޘኢĄ˫Ăֶ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ᄃ CLCS ۞Ķࡊጯ ԫఙķĞCLCS Scientific and Technical Guidelines, CLCS Guidelinesğ ᄃޙᛉ९̰टӮΞ൴னĂώ୧۞ఢቑߛၹΞໄ̶ࠎ˭Еˬ࣎ՎូĈثڻ ઼ߏӎֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĞentitlementğĂٕ۰ߏӎ႕֖ ٙᏜĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾķ Ğtest of appurtenanceğĉтңᄮ̂ؠౙཙĉֶ ፂĶ̳ёቢķᄃĶࢨטቢķထ۞઼ثڻؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝ࠧࢨĉЯѩĂώ͛ ϺАֶፂѩߛၹĂᖎᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸѣᙯ̝Чีఢؠăϲڱϫ۞ᄃયᗟĂ ͽܮүࠎซ˘Վኢ۞ૄᖂĄ
˘ăߏ઼ثڻӎֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĉ ࢋቁᄮ˘࣎۞઼ثڻγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛ۞݈೩Ă༊ߏྍ઼υืͽ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ؕܐᝋӀࠎ݈೩ĄҌٺтңᄮؕܐྍؠᝋӀхдᄃ ӎĂUNCLOS ߏఢؠдௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ีĈ ڻঔ઼۞̂ౙᒨᆸΒ߁ᅳঔͽγֶౙгᅳ˿۞БొҋؼҩĂ ᕖण̂זౙᙝγቡ۞ঔغડા۞ঔԖ˿غĂтڍଂീზᅳঔᆵޘ ۞ૄቢณ̂זౙᙝ۞γቡ۞ᗓ̙ ז200 ঔ֧Ăᕖण ז200 ঔ ֧۞ᗓĄ ώีఢ۞ؠࢋϲڱϫ۞Ăߏ۞˯ޠڱγ̂ౙᒨᆸĂᄃгநٕгԛ ጯ˯۞̂ౙᙝ̟ͽડ̶Ą 6 ྕт઼ᅫঔ߶ڱलдΐٛƟո९ٙ̚ᄲĂ UNCLOS ࡗ઼۞ϲڱϫ۞ߏࠎ˞ᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋĂ̖ົѣௐ 76 ୧ᓄኑ ۞ఢؠĞITLOS, 2012ğĄώ୧ሀቘ҃Ϗ࿅ځޠڱቁΐͽؠཌྷ۞Ķҋؼ ҩķ˘ෟĂߏࠎ˞ឰ઼ثڻ࿅ᇅّ۞ྋᛖᄃᄮ͞ؠёĂֹౙгᅳ˿ᄃ ՟ˢঔ߶̚۞гۏயϠЪநాඕĂ҃ͽᕖૺ၆̂ౙᒨᆸ۞გᔑᝋӀĄ7 6
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ٙᏜгநጯ˯۞̂ౙᙝĂܼ̂ౙᒨᆸĞcontinental shelfğă̂ౙĞcontinental slopeğ ̂ౙૄĞcontinental riseğĂͷࢋߏͽঔͪஎޘᄃঔޘغүࠎࢋ۞̶ࠧቢĂᄃ ˯ޠڱ࿅ˠࠎ͞ёࠧ̂۞ؠౙᒨᆸᇾ̙ԆБ˘Ğ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ436ğĄ UNCLOS ̚ѣኜкሀቘ̙ځቁ۞୧ഠĂኜтफᑎޘטă̂ౙᒨᆸٕޘטঔાထࠧࣧ ඈĂӮߏ UNCLOS ኘҿॡڱ྿ځזቁВᙊĂ҃גຍ˭ሀቘ֭Ξឰࡗ઼࿅઼छ ၁ኹٕΦڱՙుՎԛјВᙊ۞୧ഠĄҌٺĶҋؼҩķ˘ෟĂ༊ܐд UNCLOS ̚˵
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ᑕڦຍ۰ĂĶҋؼҩķ˵Ξͽᄲߏ˘ࢨૄטᖂćϺӈĂтڍ՟ѣ Ъҋؼҩ۞ᇾĂ༊ಶ̙ਕֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĄЯѩĂ ߏ઼ثڻӎֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀٕྤॾĂᑕߏͽĶҋ ؼҩķ۞хдᄃӎࠎᇾĄ ˫ĂϤٺௐ 1 ี۞ϲڱϫ۞̝˘Ăߏࠎ˞ડҾгநጯᄃ̂˯ޠڱౙᒨ ᆸ۞ໄهĂЯѩĂUNCLOS дௐ 3 ีซ˘ՎଂĶгᄻķ۞֎ޘĂؠཌྷௐ 1 ี̂ౙᙝٙΒӣ۞̰टĈ ̂ౙᙝΒ߁ڻঔ઼ౙ՟ˢͪ̚۞ؼҩొ̶ĂϤ̂ౙᒨᆸăౙ ౙૄ۞ঔԖ˿غၹјĂι̙Β߁எ߶߶߶̈́غਖĂ˵̙Β߁ ˿غĄ ็гநጯ˯۞̂ౙᙝؠཌྷѣ˘۞ؠঔ߶எטࢨޘĂҭώี݈߱ߏଂĶг ᄻķ۞֎ޘĂ̂ౙᙝؠཌྷࠎ̂ౙᒨᆸăౙౙૄĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ 436-439ğĄ༊ܐଳפĶгᄻķ۞ೡّؠཌྷĂࢋߏͽΔ̂Ҙ߶۞ౙ ؼҩĂүࠎώีĶ̂ౙᙝķ۞ĶࣧݭķໄهĞPinto, 2013: 231ğĂ˵Я ѩౄј͟ޢᄮؠঔ߶ડા۞̂ౙᒨᆸߏӎѣҋؼҩ۞ౙॡĂய Ϡޠڱྋᛖ˯ᄃࡊጯᄮ۞ؠᙱᗟć࠹ᙯᙱᗟኛटޢГĄ ѩγĂώี۞߱ޢϲڱϫ۞Ăࢋߏఢቑ̂ౙᒨᆸᄃĶડાķม۞Ķந ຐķ̶ࠧቢĄUNCLOS ۞ਨ۰ૄڕٺၹౄநኢĂ̂˯ડાᄮࠎؠ ঔ߶ڕĂ̂ౙᙝ̂ࠎౙڕĄ 8 ЯѩĂࡶ઼ֳثڻѣҋؼҩ۞γ̂ ౙᒨᆸĂд༥זᛳٺঔ߶ڕ۞Чᙷঔ߶гۏॡĂࣧ˯ᑕజଵੵٺγ̂ ౙᒨᆸ۞ቑಛ̝γĄ 9 ώี߱ޢЯ҃ఢؠஎ߶߶غăஎ߶߶ਖᄃ˿غĂౌ
8
9
՟ѣځቁఢؠᄮؠᇾĂੵ˞ࠎ˞ឰ઼࣎ثڻΞͽᕖૺሕд۞ঔાგᔑᝋγĂ˵ ߏԓጔ࿅ CLCS ޙᛉ९۞၁ኹĂుՎ᎕̙ૉځቁ۞ĶҋؼҩķໄهĞTanaka, 2013: 133-135ğĄ ڕၹౄநኢ˭ѣᙯঔ߶ᄃ̂ౙгഥߏᛳٺгநጯ˯۞ໄهĂ֭̂˯ޠڱܧౙᒨᆸ۞ ࢋ̶ࠧᇾĄҭߏĂ࿅ঔ߶ᄃ̂ౙгഥໄ۞˯هડ̶ĂᑕΞᄲߏѣᙯౙгᅳ ˿ΞĶҋؼҩķቑಛ۞ࣧݭĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ436ğĄ ᔵᛳٺঔ߶ڕ۞гۏᑕྍజଵੵд઼छֳٙѣ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ቑಛ̰ĂҭтТ ώ݈͛ૻአ۰ĂϤ ٺUNCLOS ۞̂ౙᒨᆸᛳ˯ޠڱٺໄهĂЯѩొ̶ᛳٺঔ߶ڕ ۞гۏĂдົ̪˯ޠڱజৼˢ઼छγ̂ౙᒨᆸგᔑᝋĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
109
జଵੵдγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ቑಛ̝γĄҭߏĂUNCLOS ֭՟ѣซ˘Վ၆எ߶߶ ߶ٕغਖؠཌྷĂౄј͟ ޢCLCS дᆶந۞઼ثڻγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९Ğ͍ߏ ߶ਖ˯۞फᑎγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ğॡĂዎ࿃̙זТ۞߄ጼٕԲҿćТᇹгĂ ࠹ᙯ߄ጼٕԲҿኛटޢГĄ
˟ăтңထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡࠧࢨĉ ࡶ઼ثڻ႕֖݈ͽҋؼҩౙࠎ͕̚۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾֳ҃ѣ γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀྤॾޢĂӈᑕซ˘Վቁᄮֳٙѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ̝ γቡቑಛĄUNCLOS ၆ٺထؠ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡࠧࢨ͞ёĂ ߏͽ࿅ FOS ࠎ͕̚Ăֶፂ˘̳۞ؠёထؠγቡĄೱ֏̝Ăтңྋᛖٕ ᄮؠௐ 76 ୧۞ FOSĂߏထؠγቡࠧࢨ۞݈೩ĄЯѩĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ี (b) ఢؠĈд՟ѣ࠹ͅᙋ۞ځଐԛ˭Ă̂ౙཙᑕ̂ࠎؠౙޘغតજ ̝̂ᕇĄࡶॲፂௐ 4 ี (b) ቁ ؠFOS ޢĂซ˘Վֶፂ˭ (a) ̝ఢؠĂ ထؠγቡቢĈ ࠎώ̳ࡗ۞ϫ۞Ăд̂ౙᙝଂീზᅳঔᆵૄ۞ޘቢณ࿅˟Ѻঔ ֧۞Їңଐԛ˭Ăڻঔ઼ᑕͽ˭Е͞ё̝˘Ăထ̂ؠౙᙝ۞γ ቡĈ(1) ௐ 7 ഠĂͽγЧؠᕇࠎထࠧؠቢĂՏ˘ؠᕇ˯Օ᎕ ޘݓجҌ͌ࠎଂྍᕇҌ̂ౙཙൺᗓ۞Ѻ̶̝˘ćٕ (2) ௐ 7 ഠĂͽᗓ̂ౙཙ۞ᗓ̙࿅ 60 ঔ֧۞ЧؠᕇࠎထࠧؠቢĄ ˯ఢؠд CLCS Guidelines ̚˫జჍࠎĶ̳ёቢķć10 ϺӈĂͽ FOS ࠎᙯ ᔣᕇĂΐ˯˘۞ؠᗓٕՕ᎕ޘݓجᄃ FOS ᗓ۞ּͧĂᄮ̂ؠౙᙝ۞γ ቡࠧࢨĄೱ֏̝ĂUNCLOS ͽ FOS ࠎᙯᔣᕇ۞Ķ̳ёቢķΞᄲߏࠎ˞ቁ ᄮྍྤॾ۞ሕдቑಛૄᖂĄ ώีѣีࢋϲڱϫ۞Ąௐ˘Ăͽ FOS ࠎᙯᔣᕇĂࢋߏ༊ॡ۞ࡊ ጯࡁտᄮࠎĂ̂ౙᒨᆸ˭۞Օ᎕جĂ̂ొЊౌਕૉͽ FOS ࠎૄᕇĂቁᄮ 10
ࣧ͛ఢ ࠎؠCLCS Guidelines 2.1.4: The second provision, contained in paragraph 4 (a) (i) and (ii), subject to paragraphs 5 and 6, determines the position of the outer limit of the continental margin by means of a complex formula based on four rules. Two of these rules are affirmative and the remaining two are negative. The two positive rules, herein referred to as formulae, are connected through an inclusive disjunction…. (CLCS, 1999).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ࢋ۞Օ᎕جቑಛĞPersand, 2005: 16-17ğ Ą˫Ăώีٙఢቑ۞̳ёቢĂ ߏࠎ˞ឰ̙ٺૄ઼ثڻТ۞ঔغгԛٕгኳଐڶĂҋҖᏴፄѣӀٺ ᕖૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ቑಛٙࢎؠĄ 11 ௐ˟Ăт݈ٙĂϤ ٺUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ࢋߏͽΔ̂Ҙ߶̂ౙᒨᆸࠎࣧݭĞણ֍ဦ 1ğĂٙͽώีߏଂĶгᄻķ ֎ؠޘཌྷ FOSĂߏ̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇĄҭߏĂдঔા۞̂ౙᒨ ᆸѣॡ࣏՟ѣځព۞ౙᄃౙૄᖼԶĂӈۡତซˢஎ߶߶غćٕ۰Ăࢋ Օ᎕ߏ̙֭جхдٺĶгᄻķ˯ FOS ۞̳ёቢቑಛ̰Ąֱ̙ቁ۞ؠঔ߶ гԛЯ৵ĂౌѣΞਕౄјͽΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёࠎࣧ ۞ݭFOS ؠཌྷĂڱЪ UNCLOS ࡗ઼ࠎ˞ᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋ۞ϫ۞Ą12 ЯѩĂώี (b) ΩγఢؠĂ ઼ثڻΞͽଳϡĶ̂ܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇķĂүࠎ̳ёቢ۞ᙯᔣ FOSĄ ဦ1
Δ̂Ҙ߶ሀё̂ౙᒨᆸဦ
ྤफ़ֽĈPinto (2013: 231)
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ଂࢎؠ̳ёឰࡗ઼Ᏼፄ۞֎ֽޘᄲĂᄃ ITLOS ٙᏜ઼छᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋ۞ϫ۞ ࠹Ą̙࿅Ă၆ٺѩᏴፄᙯܼ۞ޠڱྋᛖࢨטĂώ͛д˭Ķౙăˬķѣซ˘Վ۞ԲҿĄ ΐٛ៉̂ౙᒨᆸ۞পঅгኳᄃгᄻଐڶĂӈߏᄃΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀё̂ౙᒨᆸमкĂ ҭ၁ᅫ˯ྍঔાቁ၁ѣՕ᎕جᆸ۞ᙋፂĄ༊ĂϤٺΐٛ៉̙֭ߏ˘̙ЪΔ ̂Ҙ߶ሀё̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ঔાĂЯѩࠎ˞Ъ઼छΞͽᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋ۞ϫ۞ĂUNCLOS υืѣ̙ТٺΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀё̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ఢؠćҭ˵Яѩटٽౄјޠڱዋϡ˯۞ۋᛉĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
111
̙࿅ĂдዋϡώีఢؠॡĂटٽயϠҌ͌ޠڱ࣎ྋᛖ˯۞ۋኢĄࢵ АĂFOS ᄃౙมᑕྍѣࣹ˘ݭٕޘၗ۞ాඕĂΞజᄮࠎѣҋ ؼҩĉѨĂт઼ثڻڍΞͽЇຍᏴፄ̳ёቢͽᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋĂ֤ ઼ثڻΞӎд̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ۞Ķ૱ၗ FOSķ Ăᄃѣ࠹ͅᙋ۞ځ Ķܧ૱ၗ FOSķ̝มЇຍᏴፄĉᖎ֏̝Ăώี (a) ᄃ (b) ߏĶࣧᄃּγ ᙯܼķٕĶᏴፄᙯܼķ Ăଂώีڱځቁ۞ඕኢĞSuarez, 2008: 154-155ğ Ą ࣎дώี̚՟ѣځቁఢቑ۞યᗟĂ˵јࠎ͟ ޢCLCS дᆶந઼ثڻ೩ ९ॡ۞ۋᛉćТᇹгĂ࠹ᙯۋᛉኛटޢᄲځĄ
ˬăγ̂ౙᒨᆸγቡࠧቢ̝ࢨט ᔵ઼ֶثڻፂௐ 4 ีĶ̳ёቢķထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡቢĂҭ ܑ̙ϯ઼ثڻӈΞॲፂĶ̳ёቢķ୮ࢨטгᕖૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸĂͽҺ ᗼĶડાķޘטٙ୬᜕ܲ۞ˠᙷВТᚶٚੑயĂٕౄјՀк۞઼छม̙π ඈன෪Ą 13 ЯѩĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 5 ᄃௐ 6 ีఢؠĈ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 5 ีᄃௐ 6 ีĈјௐ 4 ഠ (a) ี (1) ( 2) ϫထ̂۞ؠౙᒨᆸдঔԖ˯۞γొࠧቢ۞ЧؠᕇĂ̙ᑕ࿅ଂീზ ᅳঔᆵૄ۞ޘቢณ 350 ঔ֧Ăٕ̙ᑕ࿅ాତ 2,500 ̳͎எޘЧ ᕇ۞ 2,500 ̳͎ඈஎቢ 100 ঔ֧Ą ᔵѣௐ 5 ഠ۞ఢؠĂдঔ߶غਖ˯۞̂ౙᒨᆸγొࠧࢨ̙ᑕ࿅ଂ ീზᅳঔᆵૄ۞ޘቢณ 350 ঔ֧Ąώഠఢ̙ؠዋϡٺүࠎ̂ౙᙝ ҋၹјొ̶۞ঔέăঔษăঔपăຳᝎыඈঔغгĄ ѩีఢؠд CLCS Guidelines ̚˫జჍࠎĶࢨטቢķć14 ϺӈĂ၆݈ٺ 13
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༊ ܐUNCLOS ࡗ઼ົᛉኘҿॡĂధкΞਕ̙ѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞઼ثڻ ͽ̈́ঔ߶ฟ൴ਕ˧ྵར઼۞ޢछĂӈፉ͕ࡶځቁ۞ࢨטఢؠĂΞਕౄјᖞঔ߶ڱ ̳ࡗ̚Ăѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛܼͽĶฟ൴ΞਕّķᇾүࠎγొࢨטĂౄј઼छมՀ ̙πඈ۞ֶڶېົனĄЯѩĂੵ˞ࢎ۞˯ؠĶ̳ёቢķ̝γĂ˵Ωγֶؠځ ፂ̳ёቢ۞γొĶࢨטቢķĞTanaka, 2013: 136-137ğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 2.1.7: The extent of the outer envelope formed by the lines derived from the two formulae is restricted by a line derived from the two negative rules, herein referred to as constraints, which are connected by another inclusive disjunction (CLCS, 1999).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
Ķ̳ёቢķٙԛј۞ሕдγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛĂͽĶᗓķٕĶஎޘķ۞͞ё ΐͽࢨטĂͽᔖҺγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ؼҩቑಛ࿅ܜĂᗼ UNCLOS ܲхˠᙷВ Тᚶٚੑய۞Ꮚπϫ۞Ą ՀវгᄲĂĶࢨטቢķࢋѣีϲڱϫ۞Ąௐ˘ĂᔵЩࠎĶࢨ טቢķĂҭдਨᑢѩีఢؠॡĂΞ࠻ֱࢨטቢ̂ͅᑕ˞ˠᙷ༊ॡ дࡊጯԫఙ˯ĂΞฟ൴۞̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ462ă467ğĄЯ ѩĂѩีఢ˞ੵؠௐ 6 ี݈߱۞ఢؠγĂӮኬ઼̟ثڻΞҋϤᏴፄٕ ЪͽĶᗓķٕĶஎޘķࠎᇾ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝ࢨטቢĄೱ֏̝ĂҬͼ ̪ѣᕖૺ઼ثڻঔાგᔑᝋ۞ϲڱϫ۞Ąௐ˟Ăҭߏௐ 6 ี၆߶ٺਖ ѣͧྵځព۞ࢨטຍᏜĄྍี݈߱ఢؠঔ߶غਖ่ਕᏴፄĶᗓࢨט ቢķĂͧྵЪࢨ઼ثڻט࿅ޘᕖૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ϲڱϫ۞ĄϤٺঔ̙̚ Тᙷ߶۞ݭਖٙΞਕҋؼҩ۞ቑಛܜޝĂٙͽ၆̙ٺᛳٺஎ߶߶ਖ Ğoceanic ridgeğ۞ঔ߶غਖĞsubmarine ridgeğĂ̙ឰ઼ثڻᏴፄĶஎޘķ ࢨטቢᇾĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ455ğĄҭ၆఼ٺ૱̙ົؼҩቑಛ࿅ܜĂᛳٺ ߶ਖѨᙷ۞ݭĶঔغгķ Ğsubmarine elevationğ Ă˫ኬ઼̟ثڻΞᏴፄĶஎ ޘķٕĶᗓķࢨ۞טᝋӀĞSuarez, 2008: 162-164ğĄ
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ְ၁˯ĂѣᙯีĶࢨטቢķఢޠڱ۞ؠྋᛖд CLCS ᆶந઼ثڻ ೩९ॡĂܧ૱टٽዎ࿃זௐ 6 ีĶঔغгķᄃĶঔ߶غਖķٕ۰Ķঔغ ߶ਖķᄃĶஎ߶߶ਖķ۞̶ᙷયᗟĄᔵώีᖣϤּϯ͞ёఢؠĶঔغ гķΒӣঔέăঔษăঔपăຳᝎыĶඈķĂҭৌϒᏰҾߏӎᛳٺঔ غгĶඈķᄃĶঔ߶غਖķ۞၁ኳᇾĂտౣߏгኳٕгᄻᙋፂĂдώ ีఢ̝;̚ؠᗒтĄ˫ĂϤٺௐ 3 ี՟ѣؠཌྷĶஎ߶߶ਖᄃ߶غķĂͽҌ ٺડҾᄃĶঔ߶غਖķ۞၁ኳᇾ˵՟ѣఢؠĄϤѩΞ֍ĂĶஎޘķᄃ Ķᗓķࢨטቢ۞ఢؠĂд༥߶זਖॡĂटٽ൴Ϡኜкޠڱྋᛖ۞߄ ጼćТᇹгĂ࠹ᙯયᗟटޢГࠎᄲځĄ
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Ϥٺώ߱ٙ೩̙۞זТঔਖᙷݭĂঘ̈́ྵࠎኑᗔͷጯᄲ˯Ϗѣؠኢ۞ޠڱྋᛖ̶ٕ ᙷĂώ͛д˭Ķౙăαķѣซ˘Վ۞ᄲځĂٺѩᇶॡ̙ᄲ̙ځТঔਖΞਕ۞̶ᙷ͞ёĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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ણăҋؼҩࣧᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ ထؠՎូ̝ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ ˘ăѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾ۞ޠڱྋᛖ тௐ෮ొ̶ٙĂ઼ثڻ୬ֳѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĂυืЪ CLCS Guidelines ٙ̚ᏜĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរķࢋІĄೱ֏̝Ă઼ثڻᑕᙋځѣ ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ഠఢؠҋؼҩ֭՟ˢͪ̚۞ౙгᅳ˿ĄГซ˘ՎϤௐ 76 ୧ ௐ 1 ഠᄃௐ 3 ഠ۞ఢؠΞۢĂྍౙгᅳ˿ҋؼҩ۞ቑಛĂΞؼҩҌ̂ ౙᙝγቡࠎͤĄ˫Ăߊௐ 3 ี̂ؠځౙᙝߏڻঔ઼ౙ՟ˢͪ̚۞Ķؼ ҩķొ̶Ă֤ಶܑϯௐ 1 ีٙᏜ۞ҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸĂυืߏଂڻঔ઼ౙ ՟ˢͪ҃̚ĶؼҩķΝ۞гۏĄώ͛ͽࠎĂтѩྋᛖௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ഠᄃ ௐ 3 ഠ۞ᙯܼĂ่̙ၓព ICJ дΔঔ̂ౙᒨᆸ९̚ૻአĶዐّܕķ̙֭ߏ ֳѣ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞ૄᖂγĞICJ, 1969ğĂ˵̖Ъ UNCLOS ۞ౙг͚੨ ঔ߶ࣧĞKunoy, 2012: 71-72ćElferink, 2006: 275-277ğ ĄЯѩĂᔵ UNCLOS ՟ѣĶҋؼҩķ۞ؠཌྷĂҭҌ͌υืᄃౙгѣĶߙޘķ۞ాඕĂ ӎॲώ࿁ͅĶౙг͚੨ঔ߶ķ۞ૄώ྆ڱĄ
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ࡶ̂ౙᒨᆸυืᄃౙгѣߙ۞ޘĶాඕķĂߏ႕֖ҋؼҩ̚۞ ĶؼҩķࢋІĂ֤ᆃĂтңྋᛖĶߙޘķ۞ాඕĂᑕྍߏҋؼҩ̚ ѣᙯĶҋķ۞ࢋІĄଂಏ৷۞͛ཌྷྋᛖֽ࠻ĂUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ี ٙᏜ۞Ķౙгᅳ˿ķĂ֭Ϗؠཌྷߏӎᑕྍ႕֖˘۞ؠҋгநٕгኳ˯୧ ІĄּтĂྍౙгᅳ˿υืдĶҋķ୧І˯ߏӎᑕᛳٺгኳ˯۞Ķ̂ౙ ڕķĂ̖ਕૉజჍࠎĶౙгķᅳ˿ؕ႕֖ĶҋķؼҩĉUNCLOS إϏ ϒёϠड़݈ĂICJ ѝд 1976 ѐ۞ԓᘷƟ˿҅ຑൣঔ̂ౙᒨᆸ९̚Ăܑϯ
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ְ၁˯Ăѣᙯҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ڱந൴ण።Ϋ̚ĂĶౙг͚੨ঔ߶ࣧķΞᄲߏ ८͕۞൴णؕᕇĄੵ˞ώ͛ٙ̚೩۞זԓᘷຑൣঔᄃΔঔ̂ౙᒨᆸ९̝γĂ̙გߏ ăٕ۰۞ܕΙ྿͐ڒঔાထࠧ९ĞICJ, 2002ğඈĂ Հѝ۞ࡻ઼ॗރႢຽ९ĞICJ, 1951ğ ઼ᅫੰڱӮѣᛚᛖĶౙг͚੨ঔ߶ࣧķᄃҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᙯᓑĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ֳѣ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞ࢦᕇĂߏ۞઼ثڻঔثᅳ˿ᄃ՟ˢͪ̚۞ౙ̝มѣ Ķۡତķ۞ాඕӈΞĞICJ, 1978ğĄ˫ĂТᇹ۞ۋᛉĂ˵അགྷд UNCLOS ࡗົᛉ̚జ೩ֽĞSuarez, 2008: 144-145ğĄдਨᑢௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ีॡĂ ࡗ઼ܑഅགྷۋኢٙᏜĶౙгᅳ˿ķĂߏӎᑕࢨᒺдᛳٺгኳ˯Ķ̂ౙ ڕķ۞ౙĞcontinental land massğĄҭ̂ొ̶ࡗ઼ܑᄮࠎĂΪࢋᄃ ౙгᅳ˿มѣۡତాତ۞ౙĞland massğӈΞĂ̙҃યߏӎᛳ̂ٺౙ ڕّኳĄ 17 ޢĂд ICJ ొ̶̂ౙᒨᆸ९ּ̚˵Ăࡶ୬ᙋځѣ ࿅ 200 ঔ֧ҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᒨᆸĂ઼ثڻΞᏴፄૄٺгᄻٕгኳᙋፂĂᙋ ߏځౙгౙ۞ҋؼҩӈΞĄ 18 ЯѩĂٙᏜҋؼҩ۞ĶҋķĂᑕ ྋᛖࠎѣĶۡତķాඕ̝ຍĄೱ֏̝Ă઼ثڻΞ࿅̙Т۞гᄻٕгኳ ᙋፂĂᙋͪ̚ྍځౙᄃౙгᅳ˿ѣĶۡତķ۞ĶాඕķĂಶܑϯѣĶҋ ķ۞Ķؼҩķ̂ౙᒨᆸĄ
˟ăCLCS ޙᛉ९̝၁ኹ ଂ˯ᄲځΞۢĂĶҋؼҩķߏឰٺૄ઼ثڻгᄻٕгኳᙋፂĂᙋ ځѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞ҋؼҩౙĄҭ̙ኢߏ UNCLOS ઼ٕᅫੰڱĂ ӮϏซ˘ՎఢؠгᄻٕгኳᙋፂĂң۰ᑕᐹАዋϡĄᔵ CLCS Guidelines 2.2.7 ୧̚ఢؠĂ઼ثڻ୬ᙋځѣҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᒨᆸĂ่ਕͽгᄻг ኳᙋፂΐͽᙋځĂҭྍ୧˵՟ѣఢؠгᄻᄃгኳᙋፂม۞ዋϡᙯܼĄ̙࿅Ă 17
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ѣᙯ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧̙યĶౙгᅳ˿ķٕĶౙķّኳ۞ྋᛖĂд CLCS Guidelines 7.2.9 ୧ఢ̚ؠĂ˫జჍࠎĶڕّ̚ķࣧĄࡶ UNCLOS Ϗତৼڕّࣧ̚ྖ۞Ă ௐ 48 ୧۞ཏफ઼ٕޘטௐ 121 ୧۞फᑎޘטĂಶΞਕεΝ༊ॡ۞ؠטϲڱϫ۞Ą͍ ଂгኳ୧ІֽᄲĂధкঔ߶̚फᑎ۞ҋؼҩౙĂߏᛳٺঔ߶҃̂ܧౙڕّኳĄ ࡶ UNCLOS ซ˘Վౙّኳࢨ̂ٺౙڕĂ̙Ӏٺధкૄٺफᑎٙૺ̝γ̂ ౙᒨᆸ઼छĄЯѩĂUNCLOS ࿅ޠڱᑢ͞טёĂٚᄮΪࢋᄃ۞઼ثڻᅳ˿ۡତ࠹ా ̙҃યгኳ୧ІĂૄޠڱٺĞipso jureğӈΞֳѣ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝გᔑᝋӀĂ˵̖Ъ ࡗ઼༊ॡᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋϫ۞Ą ּтĂICJ дࡎκҘֲᄃӀֲͧ۞̂ౙᒨᆸထࠧ९̚Ă೩̙זგߏгኳăгᄻٕ гۏநᙋፂĂᙋځᄃౙѣۡତాඕĂӮΞүࠎᙋځҋؼҩхд۞ૄᖂĞICJ, 1982ğĄ˫ĂдӀֲͧᄃႬ۞̂ౙᒨᆸထࠧ९̚ĂдϏ֖ 200 ঔ֧۞̂ౙ ᒨᆸଐ˭ڶĂᑕዋϡᗓᇾćҭࡶ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĂ̪ᑕͽҋࡊጯ͞ ёᙋځҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞хдĞICJ, 1985ğĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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д 2010 ѐ͔ࡻ઼߆عԩᛉ۞ࡻ઼ֲڗफ۞ޙᛉ९ޢĂCLCS ͽгᄻᙋ ፂүࠎᄮؠѣҋؼҩ۞ࢋᇾĄд CLCS ٙѣ۞ޙᛉ९̚Ăϫ݈В ѣˬ࣎೩९ӈߏૄͻٺгᄻ˯۞ҋؼҩౙࠎϤĂ҃జ CLCS ӎՙ ೩९ćͽ˭ӈซ˘Վᄲ̝ځĄ
ᨧ 2010 ѐࡻ઼ֲڗफޙᛉ९19 ֲڗफܼҜ̂ٺҘ߶̚߶ਖ˯۞˘࣎फᑎĂࡻ઼ૺᔵྍफᑎ ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖม՟ѣځពгᄻ˯۞ాᜈĂҭݒѣгኳ˯۞ాᜈّĂ҃ᑕ ѣҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᒨᆸĞCLCS, 2010ağĄҭߏ CLCS дޙᛉ९̚ᄮࠎĂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 3 ഠఢ̂۞ؠౙᙝࢋІĂΒ߁Ķ̂ౙᒨᆸăౙౙ ૄ۞ঔԖ˿غķĂͷĶ̙Β߁எ߶߶߶̈́غਖČČ˿غķඈĂߏ˘ ঔغгᄻ̝ఢؠĞCLCS, 2010ağĄЯѩĂдᏰᄮѣ՟ѣҋؼҩ۞γ̂ ౙᒨᆸॡĂᑕྍͽгᄻᙋፂࠎᐹАࣧĄҭଂ CLCS ޙᛉ९ĞCLCS, 2010ağ ͽ̈́ࡻ઼۞ޢԩᛉΞۢĞCLCS, 2010ağ Ăࡻ઼ૻአ UNCLOS ੵ˞ͽгᄻ ᙋፂᄮؠѣҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᒨᆸγĂ˵ͽгኳᙋፂᙋځĶݭܧķ۞ ҋؼҩĄ20 ଂޠڱఢ֏҃ޘ֎۞ؠĂࡻ઼߆ ݈ܼعCLCS Guidelines 2.2.7 ٕࠤҌ 6.2 ୧ఢؠĂӮ̯ధ೩९઼дгᄻᙋፂͽγĂͽгኳᙋፂᙋ ځҋؼҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸٕᝋӀቑಛĄ21 ЯѩĂࡻ઼Ҭͼߏдయ CLCS дֲڗफޙᛉ९̚Ăͽгᄻүࠎᄮؠҋؼҩ۞ࢋᇾĂ̏࿁ͅ 19
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ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Respect of Ascension Island (CLCS, 2010a). ٙᏜĶݭܧķ۞ҋؼҩĂ༊̙֭ߏ UNCLOS ٕ CLCS ۞ϡᄬĄώ͛ჍࠎĶܧ ݭķĂੵ˞ܑϯࡻ઼۞ૺᄃ CLCS ͽĶгᄻķࠎ͕̚۞ྋᛖ̙ТγĂ˵݈ٙ Ꮬ۞ݭΔ̂Ҙ߶̂ౙᒨᆸѣ̙ٙТĄೱ֏̝Ăࡻ઼ѣᙯֲڗफ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸૺĂ ၁ኳ˯ΐٛ៉ঔાᙝ઼छ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸૺநϤ࠹ҬĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.2.5. It is difficult to generalize the geological and geomorphological parameters that a coastal State may consider to establish the foot of the continental slope at its base by means of evidence to the contrary to the general rule. However, some examples and definitions are presented here based on evidence provided by plate tectonics. The Commission is well aware that these considerations may not exhaust all possible geological and geomorphologic types of continental margins as examples (CLCS, 1999).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ٕ CLCS Guidelines ឰ઼ֳثڻѣᇅّᏴፄͽгᄻٕгኳ ᙋፂᙋځҋؼҩ̝ࣧϫ۞Ą
ᨨ 2011 ѐ͐Ҙޙᛉ९22 дࡻ઼ֲڗफޙᛉ९ޢĂCLCS дѐГѨͽϏ႕֖гᄻాᜈّந ϤĂӎՙ͐Ҙٙ೩۞ొ̶ડા̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९Ąវ҃֏Ă͐ҘТॡ ͽгᄻᄃՕ᎕ۏгኳᙋፂĂ୬ᙋ઼ྍځд Northern Brazilian (NB) ડા۞ NB ঔਖĂߏྍ઼ҋؼҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĞCLCS, 2011ğĄҭߏĂCLCS ᄮ ࠎ͐Ҙٙ೩۞̂ౙغҜཉĂ̏གྷߏд 3000 ̳͎எ̝எ߶ડાĞCLCS, 2011ğĄೱ֏̝ĂCLCS ᄮࠎྍҜཉдгᄻ˯̏གྷயϠځព۞ᕝෘĂᄃ NB ঔਖ̝ม֭гᄻ˯۞ాᜈّĞCLCS, 2011ğĄΩ˘͞ࢬĂCLCS ᄮࠎ͐Ҙ ٙ೩۞Օ᎕ۏᙋፂĂϤٺᄃ͐Ҙ۞ౙ̝ม̙ѣాᜈّĂ˵ӎՙ ˞ NB ડા۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ĞCLCS, 2011ğĄଂώ९ҬΞ࠻ᄃ݈ࡻ઼ ֲڗफޙᛉ९࠹ТĂᔵ CLCS Guidelines ఢؠٙᏜĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរķ ᇾϺΞ҂ᇋгኳ୧ІĂҭ CLCS Ҭᄮࠎгᄻ̖ߏᐹАᙋځ୧ІĂ ᙷᙋፂ۞ଯኢ่ٺاᅃӄّ۞֎ҒĄ 23
ᨩ 2012 ѐ͟ώޙᛉ९24 CLCS ღତд͐Ҙޙᛉ९۞ޢѐĂ˵ͽͻгᄻ˯۞ҋؼҩᙋፂ ࠎநϤĂӎՙ˞͟ώк۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९Ą 25 វ҃֏Ă͟ώд೩९ 22
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ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Brazil on 17 May 2004 of Information on the Proposed Outer Limits of Its Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles (CLCS, 2011). Ωࣃڦຍ۰ĂCLCS дώޙᛉ९̚ᔘ೩זĂᔵ͐Ҙૺ NB ડા۞гኳᙋፂҬͼ ͧгᄻᙋፂĂՀਕᙋ ځNB ঔਖߏ͐Ҙౙ۞ҋؼҩĂҭ CLCS ᄮࠎгኳᙋፂᄃг ᄻ̙֭˘ĂЯ҃ӎՙ˞͐Ҙѩ˘ૺĞCLCS, 2011ğĄ ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Japan on 12 November 2008 (CLCS, 2012a). ͟ώ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९̚۞гЩĂঘ̈́ᑕֹϡᖙᛌࠎࡻٕ͛͛̚гЩ۞યᗟĄώ͛д ѩֶፂઠЩᆶߤˠ۞ޙᛉĂѣᙯ͟ώ۞ᛌЩଳϡ͛̚ᖙᛌĂٺѩЪАୃځĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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̚Вѣ˛γ̂ౙᒨᆸҜཉĂ҃ݑ̚౧फડĞMinami-Tori Shima Island Regionğᄃࡷ͢ঔ̋ડĞMogi Seamount Regionğ۞೩९Ăӈߏૄٺ ͻгᄻ˯۞ҋؼҩᙋፂࠎϤ҃జ CLCS ӎՙĄϦ֏̝Ă͟ώૺݑ౧फ ડ۞ঔ̋غཏĞseamount groupğᄃݑ౧फ̝มѣాᜈّĂֳ҃ѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸĄҭ CLCS дޙᛉ९̚ĂϤݑٺ౧फડ۞ঔغ ̋ཏᄃݑ౧फมĂౌߏஎ ٺ̬ޘ5,700Ƃ6,200 ̳͎எ̝ͪા҃՟ѣځពษ ۞гాۏତĂЯѩଂгᄻ˯ֽᄲ̙֭ߏݑ౧फ̝ҋؼҩౙĞCLCS, 2012ağĄ ˫Ăд˯ࡷ͢ঔ̋ડ೩९̚Ă͟ώૺˣˮफĞHachijo Shima Islandğ ᄃࡷ͢ঔ̋ડ̝มĂЯࠎхд˛फůᒥफĞShichito-Io ToğঔਖĂֹˣˮ फᄃࡷ͢ঔ̋ડѣгᄻ˯۞ۡତాତĞCLCS, 2012ağĄ 26 ੵѩ̝γĂ͟ ώ˵ͽгኳᙋፂྃ·ѣۡତాତ۞ૺĄҭ CLCS дޙᛉ९̚ Ă͟ώٙ۞˛फůᒥफঔਖޘĂଂгᄻ˯ֽᄲ֭Ϗځពٺ ྍঔغડા۞ޘĂΪߏஎ߶߶غώ֗˘ਠّ۞Єត̼ĞCLCS, 2012ağ Ą ЯѩĂࡷ͢ঔ̋ડ۞ঔ̋غཏĂ̙֭ߏ͟ώౙгᅳ˿ҋؼҩ۞ౙĄ
ˬă̈ඕ ଂͽ˯၆઼ᅫੰڱҿՙᄃ CLCS ޙᛉ९̶̝ژҬΞ࠻ĂࢋЪҋ ؼҩ۞ௐ˘࣎ĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរķ۞ࢋІĂ̂ౙᒨᆸᄃ઼ثڻౙгᅳ˿۞ౙ ᑕѣۡତ۞ాඕĄᔵ UNCLOS ઼ٕᅫੰڱ၆ٺౙ۞ۡତాඕ՟ѣ វ۞ᇾĂҭ࿅ CLCS ࠹ᙯޙᛉ९̚۞ྋᛖᄃ࠹ᙯϦኛ઼۞၁ኹΞۢĂ CLCS ϫ้݈ШͽĶгᄻķᙋፂᇾĂүࠎྋᛖౙгᅳ˿ѣۡତాඕ՟ ˢͪ̚۞ౙĄͽĶгᄻķᙋፂүࠎᄮؠҋؼҩγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࢋ ࢋІĂϺᇆᜩ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 זௐ 6 ഠĂѣᙯထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝ γቡቢ̝ޠڱྋᛖćͽ˭ӈซ˘Վᄲ̝ځĄ
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ՀᎵгᄲĂ͟ώٙ೩˛۞זफůᒥफঔਖĂܼҜٺϿ்֑̈ࣧĞIzu-Ogadawarağ ঔ̚Ăүࠎాඕˣˮफᄃࡷ͢ঔ̋ડ̝ҋؼҩౙĞCLCS, 2012ağĄଘૄٺ۰ ዦ۞ܮӀّĂд˯ώ͛̚࠷ரѩ˘ᄲځĂͷᘣٺ۰۞நྋĂ่ٺѩྃ·̝Ą
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
དྷăѣᙯҋؼҩ̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸγቡ۞ Ķ̳ёቢķထޠڱ۞ؠྋᛖۋᛉયᗟ ࡶ઼ثڻ႕֖˞݈ҋؼҩ۞ଂᛳᝋӀ̝ᑭរࢋІĂֶፂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ഠזௐ 6 ഠఢؠĂᑕซ˘ՎֶፂĶ̳ёቢķᄃĶࢨטቢķቁؠ ֳѣ̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀቑಛĄтௐ෮ొ̶ٙĂ̙ኢߏ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ٕ CLCS Guideline ۞ఢؠĂĶ̳ёቢķ۞ထ͞ؠёӮͽ FOS ࠎᙯᔣᕇĄ ҃Ăௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ഠ၆ ٺFOS ᖎಏ۞Ķ̂ౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇķؠ ཌྷĂͽ̈́՟ѣఢቑЇңּγዋϡ۞ࢋІĂֹĶ̳ёቢķ۞ྋᛖд CLCS ᆶந ۞઼ثڻϦኛ९ॡĂјࠎΩ˘࣎ഌ͘۞ޠڱྋᛖۋᛉćͽ˭ӈྎᄲ̝ځĄ
˘ăтңထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡቢĉ д CLCS Guidelines ̚Ă˫̳ёቢჍࠎĶϒࢬఢķ Ğpositive ruleğĂ 27
ͽ࠹၆ٺௐ 5 ีᄃௐ 6 ีࢨטቢ̝Ķͅࢬఢķ Ğnegative ruleğĄ28 Ҍٺ
༊ͽܐౙޘغតજ̝̂ࠎ FOS ̝ࣧఢؠĂߏૄٺѩ఼૱ ܑ۞ߏ̂ౙڕᄃঔ߶ڕ۞ϹࠧĄҭϤͽߏٺٙᏜĶΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёķ ̝̂ౙᒨᆸࠎࣧݭٙயϠ۞ఢؠĂдߏ̙ĶΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёķĞтဦ 2ğ ۞̂ౙᒨᆸ̚Ă̂ౙᄃঔ߶ڕ۞Ϲ̙ࠧ˘ؠಶߏౙغតજ̝̂ ᕇĂЯѩ̖ົѣௐ 4 ഠ (b) ۞Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķఢؠĄ˫Ăтү۰ٺௐ෮ొ̶ٙ
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ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 2.2.4: The second provision, contained in paragraph 4 (a) (i) and (ii), subject to paragraphs 5 and 6, determines the position of the outer limit of the continental margin by means of a complex formula based on four rules. Two of these rules are affirmative and the remaining two are negative. The two positive rules, herein referred to as formulae…(CLCS, 1999). ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 2.1.7ĈThe extent of the outer envelope formed by the lines derived from the two formulae is restricted by a line derived from the two negative rules, herein referred to as constraints, which are connected by another inclusive disjunction. According to paragraph 5, the simultaneous application of these two constraints defines the outer limit beyond which an extended claim cannot be made…(CLCS, 1999).
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Ăдѩᇶॡώഠ̚ͽĶ̂ౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇ۞ FOSķჍࠎĶ૱ ၗ FOSķć̝ͅĂĶ̂ͽܧౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇ۞ FOSķჍࠎĶܧ ૱ၗ FOSķĄ ဦ2
֧ᜋΙĞΐٛ៉ొݑğ̂ౙᒨᆸဦ
ྤफ़ֽĈPinto (2013: 232)
ᨧ!૱ၗ FOS ۞ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ ॲፂ CLCS Guidelines ఢ࠻ֽؠĂ૱ၗ FOS ߏ݈ٚͽĶгᄻķࠎ ͕̚۞ҋؼҩ̝ࣧγ̂ౙᒨᆸໄهĄ 29 ༊ܐௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ีͽ FOS ࠎ ͕̚۞ϲڱϫ۞ĂߏЯࠎ FOS ఼૱ߏ̂ౙᄃঔ߶ڕ۞Ϲࠧ̏т݈Ą ҭॲፂᓑЪ઼ঔ߶ְચᄃঔ߶ܝొڱĞUN Division for Ocean Affairs and
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ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 5.4.6: As a general rule, whenever the base of the continental slope can be clearly determined on the basis of morphological and bathymetric evidence, the Commission recommends the application of that evidence (CLCS, 1999)Ğͽវᄃغቢᇾ ϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
the Law of the Seağ۞ᄲځΞۢĞCLCS, 2012dğĂӈܮдநຐ۞ĶΔ̂Ҙ ߶ሀёķ̂ౙᒨᆸĂ˵̙˘ؠѣځቁΞᏰᄮ۞̂ౙޘតજ̝̂ᕇĞּ тĈ͉ޘ࿅πቤğ Ą30 ࡶ࿃זڶېĂጯᄲ˯ѣ۞ૺᑕྍͽቑಛྵ̈ ۞гّ͞Ğlocal)ޘត̼ޘᇴࠎᇾՙ ؠFOS ۞Ҝཉćѣ۞ૺᑕྍ ͽՀ̂ቑಛ۞ડાّĞregionalğޘត̼ޘᇴࠎᇾՙ ؠFOS ۞Ҝཉ ĞSuarez, 2008: 157ğĄώ͛д҂၅˞࠹ᙯ CLCS ޙᛉ९ޢ൴னĂCLCS ϫ ݈Ҭͼଳϡྵ̂ቑಛ۞Ķડાّķ۞ޘغត̼ࠎᇾĄּтĂCLCS дॗޙރᛉ९̚Ăӈ೩ זCLCS ߏଂડાّ֎ޘᄮ ؠFOSĈ 31 ૄٺॗރӔϹ۞ԫఙᄃࡊጯ͛ІČČͽ̈́Ķડાķ۞҂ณĂ؎ࣶົ ᓁඕᄮࠎ̂ౙӮϏдঔ߽غгડĞLoop Holeğ̝γĄЯѩĂώ ؎ࣶົТຍॗ۞ރϲಞĂ֭ޙᛉืГѣԫఙٕࡊጯ͛Іֽ͚ Ķડાķ̂ౙཙ۞ҜཉĄ32 ˫Ăּт CLCS д઼ڱăຑႬᜋăҘͰᄃࡻ઼۞α઼ᓑЪޙᛉ९ܑ̚ϯĂ 33
ࡶࢋዋϡௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ี (b) ۞Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠॡĂυืАᙋ ځFOS ֭
̙ߏྍĶડાķ۞̂ౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇĞCLCS, 2009bğĄ 34 30
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ּтĂ̂Ҙ߶߷ܧ۞ثᄃΔă̂۞߷࡚ݑౙᒨᆸĂӈ૱னᙷѩޘ࿅ٺπቤĂ̙҃ ٽᏰᄮ FOS ۞ڶېĞMacNab, 2000: 258ğĄ ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Norway in Respect of Areas in the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea (CLCS, 2009a). ώ߱ࣧ͛ࠎĈBased on its consideration of the technical and scientific documentation contained in Norway’s Submission…. and regional considerations, the Commission concludes that the foot of the continental slope lies everywhere beyond the Loop Hole. The Commission agrees with Norway and recommends that there is no need for further scientific or technical documentation to support the regional foot of the continental slope location (CLCS, 2009a)ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ ᔵ̙дώ͛ࡁտቑಛ̰Ăҭѩα઼೩९ԛёд߆˯ڼѣࢦࢋ۞ຍஉĂϺӈĂ̂ౙᒨ ᆸထࠧયᗟĄѩα઼ВТ೩γ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि९Ăӈߏࠎ˞ᔖҺᇆᜩזϏֽ۞ထࠧĂ Я҃ВТ೩γ̂ౙᒨᆸੈिĄՀࢦࢋ۰ĂᓑЪ೩९่̙ѣӄٺഴ͌ CLCS ۞̍ ү ᆶ ᛉ ณ Ă Հ Ξ ͽ ഴ ͌ Ϗ ֽ γ ̂ ౙ ᒨ ᆸ ତ ᚓ ઼ छ ม ۞ ሕ д ࡎ Ğ Takata, 2013: 138-139ğĄҌٺдֲڌঔાĂϫ݈Ξ࠻ֽזҘֲᄃݑдݑঔĂӈѣᓑЪ۞γ̂ౙ ᒨᆸ೩९Ăҭ CLCS إϏซҖЇңᆶᛉĄ ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the
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121
ϤٺĶгّ͞ķٕĶડાّķ̂ౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇĂд UNCLOS ֭̚ځቁఢؠĂЯѩ CLCS ૄٺᆶᛉ઼ثڻ೩९̝ᝋ˧Ăࣧ˯ᑕΞ ૄྍٺᝋ˧၆ ٺFOS ؠཌྷྵ̙ځቁ۞г͞ซ˘ՎྋᛖĄ35 ҭߏĂϤٺ༊ܐ UNCLOS ົᛉдਨᑢώഠĶ̳ёቢķఢؠॡĂ̪ѣኜкࡗ઼ܑᄮࠎх дధкڱᒔ႕ຍ۞ྋᛖĂЯ҃ᜈͅ၆઼ثڻጾѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ ̂ౙᒨᆸޘטĄ 36 ЯѩĂCLCS ૄٺᖰຕࣧĂдࢬ၆ѣͽ˯ځڱቁ ؠҜ FOS ۞೩९̚Ă˵ົࢋՐ೩९઼ૄ̂ͽܧ˭ٺౙغតજ̝̂ ᕇ۞ܧ૱ၗ FOS ᙋፂĂͽቁܲ CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९̙ົЯࠎώഠٙ۞̙ቁ ّؠĂ҃ܬच༊ͅܐ၆઼ٙᙯ۞ڦĶડાķޘטĄ
ᨨ!ܧ૱ၗ FOS ۞ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ ࠹ྵ̂ͽٺౙغតજ̝̂ᕇࠎ FOSĂՀटٽౄјޠڱྋᛖٕዋ ϡӧᙱ۰Ăߏௐ 4 ഠ (b) ٙᏜ۞Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķĞevidence to the contraryğ୧ ഠٕώ͛ٙჍ̝ܧ૱ၗ FOSĄֶፂ CLCS Guidelines ۞ఢؠĂዋϡĶ࠹ͅ ᙋځķ୧ഠ۞ॡ፟ĂᑕߏĶгᄻķᙋፂڱቁځؠቁ۞ FOS ॡĂ҃υืԼ ͽгኳгۏநᙋፂҿᕝ FOS ҜཉĄ 37 ˫Ăֶፂ CLCS Guidelines
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Continental Shelf in Regard to the Joint Submission Made by France, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Respect of the Area of the Celtic Sea and the Bay of Biscay (CLCS, 2009b). ༊Ăଂ୧ࡗྋᛖ۞֎ֽޘᄲĂώഠఢྵͧؠሀቘߏӎಶܑ CLCS జᝋΞͽҋࠎ Հк۞ྋᛖĂٕᑕྍՀ͕̈гឰࡗ઼࿅၁ኹՙ̰ؠटĂ۰Ӯѣјϲ۞ΞਕĄ ͍Ăঘ̈́ሀቘ۞ޠڱྋᛖયᗟॡĂΞਕՀዋЪϤ ܧ҃ੰڱCLCS ҋࠎྋᛖĄҭώ͛ ͽࠎĂҌ͌дᄮؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛ۞ְચቑಛ̰Ăᑕኬ̟ CLCS ྵᇃ۞ᖚᝋྋᛖ۩มĂ ͽഴ઼͌छ࿅઼छ၁ኹԛјሀቘ୧ഠ۞ሕдࡎٕϹٽјώĄ ֱͅ၆઼ࢋߏ̙ѣҋؼҩ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨ۞઼ثڻĂٕ UNCLOS ኘҿॡྵ̙ѣฟ൴ਕ˧۞֏઼҃ثڻĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.1.10: The Convention does not prescribe the application of a specific scientific methodology to define the location of the foot of the continental slope when evidence to the contrary to the general rule is invoked. The Commission interprets this provision as an opportunity for coastal States to use the best geological and geophysical evidence available to them to locate the foot of the continental slope at its base when the geomorphological evidence given by the maximum change in the gradient as a general rule does not or cannot locate reliably the foot of the continental slope (CLCS, 1999)
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۞ఢؠĂĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠߏ˘ּγఢّ۞ኳĄ 38 ೱ֏̝Ăࡶ೩९઼ ࢋֶፂĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ҃೩гᄻͽγ۞ᙋፂॡĂυืАᙋځĶгᄻķ ˯۞ޘغតજ̝̂ᕇĂ̙ߏгኳ˯̂ౙᄃঔ߶ڕ۞ϹࠧޢĂ̖ ਕͽгኳᙋፂᙋځঔ߶ᄃ̂ౙڕϹࠧቢүࠎ FOSĄ 39 ҃ĂCLCS ͽĶгᄻķƟĶ̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇķࠎࣧĂĶгኳķƟĶ̂ͽܧ ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣ࠎּγྋᛖĂдጯᄲٕ၁ચ˯ӮѣۋᛉĄ ѣᙯ઼ثڻυืͽĶ̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇķࠎࣧ ۞FOSĂొ̶ ጯ۰ᄮࠎ࿁ࡦ˞༊ܐឰ઼ثڻΞͽᏴፄ̙Т FOS ᄮ̳ؠёĂͽᕖૺ઼छঔ ાგᔑᝋ۞ϲڱϫ۞Ąдޠڱྋᛖ˯Ăѩࠁጯ۰ᄮࠎௐ 4 ഠ (a) ᄃ (b) ̝มĂ ̙ᑕྍߏ CLCS ఢ۞ؠĶࣧůּγķᙯܼĂ҃ᑕྍߏĶᏴፄᙯܼķ ĞSuarez, 2008: 155ğ ĄּтĂд UNCLOS ኘҿົᛉ̚۞ĶܐՎࡁտķ Ğ Preliminary Studyğ ӈĂĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠߏࠎ˞ග઼ثڻՀк۞ᇅّณᝋĂ҃טࢨܧ ᏴፄѣӀ۞ FOS ᙋፂĞSuarez, 2008: 155ğĄ̙࿅Ăώ͛д҂၅ CLCS ޙᛉ९ޢ൴னĂ̂ొ̶ૄٺĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ۞೩९઼ĂҬͼౌᐵᄮ CLCS
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ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.1.2: The Commission interprets the determination of the foot of the continental slope when evidence to the contrary to the general rule is invoked, as a provision with the character of an exception to the rule. This provision not only does not oppose, but in fact complements, the general rule established by the determination of the foot of the continental slope as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base. Both approaches aim to find the foot of the continental slope at its base (CLCS, 1999)Ğͽ វᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.1.3: The complementary character of this provision is emphasized by the fact that in addition to bathymetric and geomorphological evidence, all other necessary and sufficient geological and geophysical evidence must also be included as part of a submission by a coastal State; CLCS Guidelines: 6.4.1: If a State has given evidence to the contrary to the general rule against using the foot of the continental slope (article 76 (4) (b)) in its submission, the Commission will deal with, inter alia, the following questions…. (iii) Does that evidence include subsurface information aimed at establishing that the limit obtained by the rule of maximum change in gradient would not, for example, equate to the limit of the geological continental margin? (iv) If such evidence to the contrary is presented as part of a submission, the Commission will request that it be also accompanied by the results of applying the rule of maximum change in gradient (CLCS, 1999).
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ٙఢࣧ۞ؠᄃּγᙯܼ҃՟ѣপҾ۞ͅ၆Ą 40 д CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९̚ĂϤٺĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠෛࠎּγఢّؠኳĂ ҃ᆧΐ઼ثڻγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९јώ۞९ּĂం࿅ৼ࢘ٺᄃ͐֓кޙ࣎ᛉ ९Ąд࢘ৼ۞ޙᛉ९̚ĂCLCS ᄮࠎաႬপګĞVolta Riverğ۞ঔغ՞᎕ैĂ ଂĶгᄻķ˯ֽᄲߏ࢘ৼ̂ౙᙝ۞˘ొ̶Ă֭ѩ՞᎕ै۞γቡĂෛүߏ ࢘ৼ̂ౙᒨᆸ̚۞ĶౙૄķĞCLCS, 2014ağĄ 41 ˫ĂCLCS ᄮࠎдгᄻ˯ FOS ᄃĶౙķώ̙֗Ξ̶ĂЯࠎଂгኳ˯ֽᄲĂĶౙķ఼૱̖ߏѣ Օ᎕جᆸ۞г͞Ą42 ፂѩĂٙᏜ૱ၗ۞ FOSĂCLCS ᄮࠎυืҜдĶгᄻķ ˯۞ĶౙķĶౙૄķ̝มĄ43 дѩਔඛ˭ĂCLCS дώޙᛉ९̚ᄮࠎĂ ࢘ৼ۞ FOS ᑕྍࢋҜд˯үࠎ̂ౙᒨᆸĶౙૄķ۞աႬপګঔغ՞᎕ै Ķ̰ķ۞ޘតજ̝̂ĞCLCS, 2014ağĄҭߏĂ࢘ৼΩγ೩Ķгኳķ ᙋፂĂૺྍ՞᎕ै̙ѣ CLCS Guidelines ̚ఢؠĶౙૄķٙᑕѣ۞ ແԛՕ᎕វĞsedimentary wedge bodyğĂ 44 ҃ᑕྍΩγͽաႬপګ՞᎕ै 40
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ᔵЧ઼Ҭͼ՟ѣԩᛉ҃ΞਕତצĶࣧůּγķᙯܼ۞ྋᛖĂҭڱଂѩ˘Ϗԩᛉ ۞ҖࠎĂ઼ۢछࠎ̦ᆃᙸຍତ צCLCS Ξਕົࢨ઼טछᕖૺგᔑᝋ۞ޠڱྋᛖĄѣ ᙯ઼छΞਕତࣧ۞צЯĂώ͛д˭Ķౙăˬķѣซ˘Վ۞ଯኢĄ ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Ghana (CLCS, 2014a). ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.2.3: The shelf and the continental slope have characteristics typical of continental crust, often including thick layers of sediments. The foot and the base of the continental slope are inseparable, and commonly lie close to the outer edge of the continent, that is, near the place where the crust changes from continental to oceanic (CLCS, 1999)ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.2.2: From a geomorphological perspective, the shelf in ideal cases is the part of the seabed adjacent to the continent, which forms a large submerged terrace that dips gently seaward. The breadth of the shelf depends on the geological evolution of the adjacent continent. The continental shelf extends seaward to the continental slope, which is characterized by a marked increase in gradient. The base of the slope is a zone where the lower part of the slope merges into the top of the continental rise or into the top of the deep ocean floor, in the case where no rise exists (CLCS, 1999)ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋ ҖΐˢğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.2.1: Some continental margins consist of three elements the shelf, the slope and the rise - whereas others show no rise. The continental slope forms a portion of the continental margin and extends from the shelf edge to the top of the rise, or to
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ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
Шঔ˘ྵᅈ۞Ķгኳķ˯̂ౙᄃঔ߶ڕϹົĂүࠎ FOS ۞ҜཉĄ̙ ࿅ĂϤ ٺCLCS ؕڱజ࢘ৼٙ೩۞ĶгኳķᙋፂૺᄲڇĂٙͽ ٸৼ࢘ޢୢૺĂ҃ԼͽΩγ˘࣎ CLCS ̏གྷତ ۞צFOSĶгᄻķᙋፂĂ ထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞̳ёቢĞCLCS, 2014ağĄ ТᇹгĂ͐֓кдࣧώ 2008 ѐ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९̚Ăѣ˘ొ̶ଳϡ гᄻᙋፂᙋ ځFOS ҜཉĂҭѣ˘ొ̶ߏͽĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ۞Ķгኳᙋ ፂķᙋ ځFOS ҜཉĞCLCS, 2010bğĄ45 ͍ĂCLCS дޙᛉ९̚ځቁ ĂдΞͽᖣϤޘغតજ̝̂ᕇ۞ଐ˭ڶቁᄮ FOS ॡĂಶ̙ਕֹϡ Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ۞ĶгኳķᙋፂĄЯѩĂۡזѐ֓͐ޢк࣒ϒ೩९Ă Լͽгᄻᙋፂ೩າ۞ FOS ҜཉޢĂؕᒔ CLCS ᄮΞ۞ޙᛉ९ĞCLCS, 2012bğĄ
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Ёăѣᙯҋؼҩ̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸγቡ Ķࢨטቢķထޠڱ۞ؠྋᛖયᗟ т݈ٙĂ୬ቁؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡĂੵ˞υืͽ FOS ࠎ͕̚ထؠ γቡγĂإᅮЪௐ 5 ഠᄃௐ 6 ഠ۞ĶஎޘķᄃĶᗓķࢨטቢఢؠĄ ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨߏͽĶ̳ёቢķᄃĶࢨטቢķ۰۞ϹะĂٙԛјШ ౙ˘۞ቢүࠎ઼ֳثڻѣ̝ҋؼҩγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࠧࢨĄ 47 ଂ CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९ᄃ࠹ᙯጯᄲΞ൴னĂѣᙯĶࢨטቢķ۞ۋᛉࢋߏĶஎޘ ࢨטቢķ۞ထ͞ؠёĂͽ̈́ௐ 6 ഠѣᙯঔਖ۞ྋᛖ̈́Ķࢨטቢķ۞ዋϡć ͽ˭ӈ̶Ҿᄲ̝ځĄ
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the top of the deep ocean floor where no rise exists. The rise is normally a wedge-shaped sedimentary body having a smaller gradient than the continental slope (CLCS, 1999). ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Barbados (CLCS, 2010b). ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈRecommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Revised Submission Made by Barbados (CLCS, 2012b). ኛણ֍݈Ķ෮ă˟ᄃˬķొ̶Ą
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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˘ăஎטࢨޘቢ۞ထؠયᗟ ᔵ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 5 ഠఢؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨĂ̙ᑕ࿅ 2,500 ̳͎ඈஎቢΐ˯ 100 ঔ֧ĂҭϤٺঔغгԛٙԛј۞ͪஎѣ̙Т۞ត̼Ă ˵ົౄјዋϡ˯۞યᗟĄྵۋᛉ۰Ăߏ 2,500 ̳͎ඈஎቢΞਕдγ̂ౙ ᒨᆸ˯ࢦኑனкѨĂѩॡĂֶፂ CLCS Guidelines ۞ఢؠĂޙᛉଳϡௐ ˘୧ 2,500 ̳͎ඈஎቢĄ
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дĶஎטࢨޘቢķ̚ྵѣۋᛉ۰Ăߏ CLCS ΩγఢؠĶஎטࢨޘቢķ ٙထ۞ؠγࠧࢨĂυืĶЪ̂ౙᙝ۞ૄώгԛķĞconforms to the general configuration of the continental marginğĄ҃ĂUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 5 ഠ۞ ĶஎטࢨޘቢķఢؠĂ่̙՟ѣΐ˯υืЪ̂ౙᙝૄώгԛ۞ࢨטγĂ ˵՟ѣؠཌྷңᏜĶ̂ౙᙝ۞ૄώгԛķĄ̙࿅ĂCLCS അдॗޙރᛉ९̚Ă ᄮࠎؼĞJan Mayenğफ۞ĶஎטࢨޘቢķĂ̏གྷᄃྍफγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ FOS ͞Ш̙ЪĂͷҬͼߏࢬШДफ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĂЯ҃ӎՙ˞ॗރٙ೩ ۞ĶஎטࢨޘቢķĂ֭дྍ९̚ޙᛉԼଳĶᗓࢨטቢķĞKunoy, 2011: 328-329ćKunoy et al., 2010: 364-366ćCLCS, 2009ağĄϤѩΞۢĂCLCS ҬͼĶ̂ౙᙝૄώгԛķĂྋᛖࠎߏӎᄃ FOS ࠹ШࠎࢋᇾĄ ଂ CLCS ޙᛉ۞ޢඕ࠻ֽڍĂॗ̏ރགྷତ צCLCS ۞ޙᛉ҃Ϗഅܑϯ ԩᛉٕ̙႕ĄࢋࣧЯΞਕߏྍޙᛉ९۞ඕڍĂ่ឰॗރຫεܧ૱̈ొ̶ ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĄ̙࿅ĂДफдྍ೩९۞ᆶᛉ࿅̚Ă˵՟ѣ၆ॗ۞ރ೩९ ܑϯԩᛉĂҬͼຍקДफ̙֭ᄮࠎॗ۞ރĶஎטࢨޘቢķົᇆᜩזДफ۞
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ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 4.4.2: The selection of the most salient points along the 2,500 m isobath for the purpose of delineating the 100 M limit may be straightforward when isobaths are simple. However, when isobaths are complex or repeated in multiples, the selection of points along the 2,500 m isobath becomes difficult. Such situations arise as a result of geological and tectonic processes shaping the present continental margins. They can create multiple repetitions of the 2,500 m isobath, for example, by faulting, folding and thrusting along continental margins. Unless there is evidence to the contrary, the Commission may recommend the use of the first 2,500 m isobath from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured that conforms to the general configuration of the continental margin (CLCS, 1999).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĄ 49 ѣֱጯ۰ᄮࠎĂĶஎטࢨޘቢķߏ˘Ķࢨטķఢ ؠĂҭ FOS ߏ˘ቁᄮĶᝋӀķቑಛ۞ૄᖂĂវր̙ᑕྍࠎ˘ኘĂ ҃Բෞ CLCS дώޙᛉ९̚ܬच۞઼ثڻזᝋӀĞSerdy, 2011: 372ğĄ ώ͛ᄮࠎĂĶ̂ౙᙝૄώгԛķ۞ྋᛖٕధΞᙷͧࠎᅳঔۡቢૄቢ ထ̝ؠఢؠĄֶፂ UNCLOS ௐ 7 ୧ఢؠĂۡቢૄቢ۞ထ̙ؠਕઐᗓঔ۞ث ˘ਠ͞ШĂͽҺܬचܧ઼ٕثڻזᛳ઼छგᔑ۞ડાĄ҃Ķஎטࢨޘ ቢķٕధΞᙷͧјᙷҬঔ̂̚ౙᒨᆸ۞ĶࢨטቢૄቢķĂҋ̙ᑕઐᗓ̂ౙ ᒨᆸ۞˘ਠ֕ШĄҭ̙გߏᅳঔۡቢૄቢٕஎטࢨޘቢ۞ထؠĂࡶ՟ѣځ ቁ۞˘ਠ֕Ш̝ણᕇĂѣΞਕឰ઼ثڻĶЫଫķՀк UNCLOS ۞Ķડ ાķޘטĄ҃Ϥ̂ٺౙᒨᆸ۞гԛᄃ֕ШপّĂ̙ΞਕтТᅳঔૄቢਠͽ ঔثቢࠎ˘ਠ͞Ш۞ણᕇĂЯ҃ CLCS ࡶԼͽ FOS ࠎ̂ౙᒨᆸ֕Ш̈́ எטࢨޘቢ۞ણᕇĂᑕᛳЪந۞ྋᛖ͞ёĄՀࢦࢋ۰Ăώֽдௐ 76 ୧ҋ ؼҩࣧޠڱ۞វր̚Ăಶߏͽ FOS ࠎ͕̚۞ఢቑវրĂ҃ ͽ่ܧFOS үࠎቁᄮֳѣᝋӀቑಛ۞ૄᖂ҃̏ĄЯѩĂCLCS ۞ྋᛖĂᑕௐ 76 ୧ĶᝋӀķᄃĶࢨטķវր۞ႷᇋĄ
˟ăঔਖ̈́טࢨቢထؠયᗟ ᔵ UNCLOS ኬ઼̟ثڻҋҖᏴፄĶஎޘķٕĶᗓķࢨטቢĂҭௐ 6 ีఢؠঔ߶غਖĞsubmarine ridgeğ่ਕዋϡĶᗓķࢨטቢĂଘঔغ гĞsubmarine elevationğ˫ΞͽዋϡĶஎޘķٕĶᗓķࢨטቢĄUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧̚۞ঔਖ˘ВΞ̶ࠎˬᙷĈஎ߶߶ਖĞoceanic ridgeğ ă50 ঔ߶غਖă ᄃঔغгĄЯѩĂ઼ثڻҜٺঔਖ˯۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸజ CLCS ᕩᙷ۞ඕڍĂ ˵ಶ̂ޝޘгᇆᜩ઼ثڻזγ̂ౙᒨᆸҋؼҩ̝ᝋӀቑಛĄϤؠטٺ UNCLOS ॡ၆ٺঔਖ۞ࡊጯࡁտྤੈ̙إԆ౯Ăѣֱࡊጯछᄮࠎ CLCS ᑕ
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༊ĂٕధДफᄮࠎྍࢨטቢΞਕົܬचזᝋӀĂҭϏܑϯຍ֍۞ࣧЯĂΞਕᄮࠎ ઼ม۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀቑಛĂֶᖞࢋ࠻઼ঔાထࠧቢ҃ؠĄலౣĂֶፂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧۞ఢؠĂCLCS ۞ޙᛉ९Ϊߏүࠎ઼ထࠧ۞ૄᖂĂ҃ۡܧତՙؠ ઼มγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀቑಛ۞ѣٲՁ˧ՙĄ ѣઠЩᆶߤˠޙᛉ oceanic ridge ᖙᛌࠎĶ߶̚߶ਖķĄ̙࿅Ăώ͛ٙଳ۞פᖙᛌֶܼፂԧ ઼̰߆ొ̳ٙο۞ঔ߶ࡗ̳ڱᛌώĂЯѩдѩ̪ଳϡྍᛌώ̚۞Ķஎ߶߶ਖķĄ
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ྍᄃࡗ઼ม࿅Հк۞̢જޢĂГ၆ঔਖซҖޠڱྋᛖĄࠤҌĂѣ۞ࡊ ጯछᄮࠎ࿃זঔਖ۞̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ॡĂCLCS ᑕྍଯᏵ࠹ᙯޙᛉ९Ą༊Ă ଂ۞ޢ၁ኹֽ࠻ĂCLCS ૄٺᖚᝋ֭՟ѣٸୢ၆̙Тᙷ۞ݭঔਖซҖ ྋᛖĂҭ˵Яѩдߙֱޙᛉ९͔̚࠹༊̂۞ۋᛉćͽ˭ӈ̶Ҿᄲ̝ځĄ
ᨧ!எ߶߶ਖ ࢵАĂѣᙯĶஎ߶߶ਖķᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸᙯܼ۞ྋᛖĂдጯ۰มѣ̙Т ۞ྋᛖĄొ̶ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ܼͽĶгᄻķాᜈّүࠎ̂ౙ ᙝᄃஎ߶߶۞غડҾᇾĞGao, 2012: 125-126ğĄ51 ፂѩĂϤٺҜд FOS ̝γ۞ঔાౌߏஎ߶ડાĂٙͽΪࢋߏҜд FOS ̝γ۞ঔਖĂߊౌҜд எ߶ડાĂҋಶᑕజᕩᙷࠎஎ߶߶ਖĞBrekke & Symonds, 2004: 183ğĄ ̙࿅ĂΩѣొ̶ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂၹјஎ߶߶ਖ۞୧ІĂੵ˞дгᄻ˯ᄃ̂ౙᙝ ՟ѣాᜈّ̝γĂืإдгኳ˯ᛳٺঔ߶ڕĄֶѩ֍ྋĂࡶঔਖҜ ٺFOS Шঔ̝˘Ăҭдгኳ˯̪ѣ̂ౙڕّኳĂྍঔਖ̪ѣΞਕజᕩᙷࠎ ̂˯ޠڱౙᒨᆸ۞˘ొ̶ĞBrekke & Symonds, 2004: 184ğĄϤѩΞ֍Ă̙ ่ FOS ߏՙؠঔਖّኳ۞ࢦࢋᇾĂͷд࣎९̚ࢋֶፂĶгᄻķٕĶгኳķ ᙋፂՙ ؠFOS ۞ҜཉĂՀߏᇆᜩߏ઼ثڻӎѣᄃঔਖมѣҋؼҩᙯܼ ۞ᙯᔣĄ
ᨨ!ঔ߶غਖ ݈ 2010 ѐࡻ઼ֲڗफޙᛉ९Ăӈ੫၆˯ۋᛉѣ˘ؠ۞ޘа ᑕĄтௐણొ̶ٙĂྍफߏҜ̂ٺҘ߶̚߶ਖĞmid-oceanic ridgeğ̝फ ᑎĄCLCS ੵ˞ଂĶгᄻķ֎ޘᄮࠎֲڗफᄃ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖมĂ̙ਕၹ јځቁҋؼҩ۞ౙγĂ˵ͅᅺ˞ࡻ઼ૺྍ̚߶ਖΞдĶгኳķ˯
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நኢ˯Ķгᄻķ˯ᄃౙ՟ѣ࠹ాăĶгኳķ˯ᛳ̂ٺౙᙝĂҭЯࠎгኳ࿅ᕝ ෘ҃Ҝд FOS ͽγШঔ˘۞ঔਖĂΞͽᄲߏ UNCLOS ̚՟ѣఢቑ۞זௐαᙷݭ ঔਖĄҭߏĂѩࠁጯ۰ᄮࠎϤ ٺUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ߏͽ FOS үࠎࢨ઼̂ثڻטౙᒨᆸ ᝋӀ۞˘ีࢋ˯ޠڱІĂЯѩΪࢋ࿅ FOS ˘۞ؠቑಛಶߏ۞˯ޠڱஎ߶߶غĂ̙҃ ኢгኳ˯୧Іߏӎѣ̂ౙᙝّኳĄፂѩĂѩࠁጯ۰ᄮࠎௐ 76 ୧ͦГ౹ౄௐα ᙷ۞ݭঔਖĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ၹјֲڗफ۞Ķঔ߶غਖķĄវ҃֏Ăࡻ઼ૺϤٺௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ֭ ՟ѣځቁఢؠĶঔ߶غਖķĶঔغгķտᑕͽĶгᄻķٕĶгኳķࠎ ᄮؠᇾĂЯѩ CLCS ̙ᑕ่ଂĶгᄻķ֎ޘĂᄮ̂ؠҘ߶̚߶ਖߏӎၹ јֲڗफ۞Ķঔ߶غਖķĞCLCS, 2010ağĄೱ֏̝Ăࡻ઼ᄮࠎߊֲڗ फᄃྍঔਖมѣĶгኳķాᜈᄃ࠹ТّĂܑϯྍঔਖ่̙Ξၹј݈ ֲڗफ۞ҋؼҩ̂ౙĂТॡ˵ߏௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠٙঘ̝Ķঔ߶غਖķ Ą ҭ CLCS ᄮࠎ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖдĶгᄻķ˯̏གྷҜдٙᄮڗֲؠफ ۞ FOS ̝γĂᄃֲڗफώ֗̏གྷ՟ѣځቁాඕĂ̙֭ߏঔ߶غਖĄ ѨĂCLCS ˫Հซ˘ՎĂགྷ࿅ܜѐࡊጯࡁտޢ൴னĂ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖд Ķгኳķ˯ߏϤঔ߶ڕ߿જٙԛјĄЯѩĂCLCS ᄮࠎ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖд Ķгኳķ˯ᛳٺஎ߶߶ਖĂࣧ̏˯జௐ 76 ୧ௐ 3 ഠٙଵੵĞCLCS, 2010ağĄޢĂࡶफᑎҜٺĶгኳķ˯ᛳٺஎ߶߶ਖ۞ঔਖ˯ॡĂCLCS ܑϯֶፂ CLCS Guidelines ۞ఢؠĂྍঔਖޝᙱజᄮࠎؠĶஎ߶߶غķĄҭ ݈೩ߏྍफᑎυืдĶгᄻķ˯ᄃঔਖ࠹ాĂͷޘᑕځពྍٺঔਖĂ ྍঔਖѣΞਕд˯ޠڱΩజෛࠎĶঔ߶غਖķĄ
ᨩ!ঔغг ᔵдֲڗफޙᛉ९̚ĂCLCS ͽĶгᄻķࠎᇾĂҿᕝࡻ઼ߏӎ ѣҋؼҩౙٕঔਖ۞ᙷݭĂ֭ጱࡻ઼۞ԩᛉćҭଂ CLCS ۞ ޙᛉ९ֽ࠻Ă̂˯ᒔ࠹ᙯ೩९઼छ۞ᄮТĄ 52 ּтĂ̜౪дѣᙯγ ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९̚ኢ̈́ऄРႬĞÆgirğঔਖ۞ّኳॡܑϯâ࣎ঔ̚гࢋ జᕩᙷࠎĶঔغгķĂ่̙ྍĶঔ̚гķдĶгᄻķ˯ᄃҋؼҩ۞ ౙгᅳ˿࠹ాĂͷĶгኳķ˯ᄃྍ̂ౙᙝᑕѣځቁ࠹Т۞ᙋፂĄ࠹ͅгĂ ˘࣎Ķঔ̚гķࢋజᕩᙷࠎĶঔ߶غਖķĂ่ᅮĶгᄻķ˯ᄃҋؼҩ ۞ౙгᅳ˿࠹ాĂҭдгኳ˯ᄃྍ̂ౙᙝ̙ᅮЪ݈ځព࠹Т̝ࢋІ
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ࡶଂ઼छ୬ႽณᕖૺგᔑᝋӀৈ۞֎ֽޘᄲĂநኢ˯ᑕྍѣՀкγ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि೩९ ઼ᑕྍΐˢࡻ઼۞ԩᛉĂҭ่ޢតјࡻ઼߆عಏ۞ԩᛉҖࠎĄᙯ઼ٺӮϏԩᛉ ۞ΞਕྋᛖĂώ͛ͽࠎᑕྍᄃĶгኳķᙋፂ̝פјώѣᙯĂኛણ֍˭Ķౙă˟ķ ۞ᄲځĄ
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ĞCLCS, 2014bğĄ 53 CLCS дώޙᛉ९̚˵Тຍѩྋᛖᄃᕩᙷ͞ёĂ֭ᄮ ࠎ̜౪೩९̚۞ऄРႬঔਖĂځޝពгдгᄻᄃгኳ˯ᄃڱᘲफ࠹ాͷ࠹ ТĂ҃Ξዋϡௐ 6 ഠѣᙯ߶غਖ۞ᗓࢨטቢఢؠĄ 54 ̙࿅ĂCLCS ĶгᄻాᜈƟঔ߶غਖ v. гᄻాᜈͷгኳ࠹ТƟঔ غгķ۞˟̮ྋᛖ͞ёĂдĶгኳķྤੈ՟ѣځቁӎؠᄃౙгᅳ˿࠹ТĂ ҭ˫ځڱቁᙋ࠹ځТ۞̙ቁېؠၗॡĂCLCS Ҭ้Ш่ٺྍঔਖᄮؠ ࠎĶঔ߶غਖķĄּтĂ઼ڱдႬᄏ६ĞKerguelenğफ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ ೩९̚Ăӈዎ࿃ѩڶېĄវ҃֏ĂႬᄏ६फߏͫ̋ᆡ൴ٙԛј۞Ķሤ ᕇķĞhotspotğफᑎĂͷᄃΐӀऄκĞGallieniğঔਖมдĶгᄻķ˯Ӕன ҋؼҩ۞ᙯܼĞCLCS, 2012cğĄ 55 ѩγĂ઼ڱૺΐӀऄκঔਖдĶг ኳķ˯˵ߏĶሤᕇķঔਖĂЯ҃ၹјႬᄏ६फ̂ౙᙝ۞ҋၹјొ̶Ă ᑕΞዋϡௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠĶঔغгķ۞ࢨטቢఢؠĞCLCS, 2012cğĄᔵ CLCS ᄮࠎ೩९̚۞ΐӀऄκঔਖႬᄏ६फมѣĶгᄻķ˯۞ాᜈĂ ҭᄮࠎϤྍٺঔਖдĶгኳķ˯ҬͼТॡѣĶሤᕇķঔਖᄃ็Ķஎ߶ ߶ਖķّኳĂͷ઼ڱڱ೩ྍঔਖԆፋгኳྤੈĂЯ҃ĶᓁវᄮؠķĞon balanceğ่ዋϡĶঔ߶غਖķ۞ࢨטቢఢؠĞCLCS, 2012cğĄ д઼छ۞೩९̚ĂCLCS ϺΞځព࠻זᏲೈĶгᄻాᜈ/ঔغ
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ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈRecommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Submission Made by the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark Together with the Government of the Faroes in Respect of the Continental Shelf North of the Faroe Islands (CLCS, 2014b). ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 7.3.1: The term “submarine elevations” in paragraph 6 includes a selection of highs: “such as plateaux, rises, caps, banks and spurs”. The phrase “such as” implies that the list is not complete. Common to all of these elevations is that they are natural components of the continental margin. This makes it relevant to consider the processes that form the continental margins and how continents grow. The growth of the present continents is and/or was primarily caused by geological processes along the continental margins……. Consequently, the Commission will base its views on “submarine elevations” mainly on the following considerations….. (CLCS, 1999). ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Submission Made by the Republic of France in Respect of the Areas of the French Antilles and the Kerguelen Islands (CLCS, 2012c).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
߶ਖ v. гᄻాᜈͷгኳ࠹ТƟঔغгķ۞˟̮ྋᛖ͞ёĄּтĂ͟ώд γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९̚ૺ்̈ࣧĞOgasawarağડ۞்̈ࣧঔਖߏ˘࣎ঔغ гĄҭ CLCS ૄ ٺCLCS Guideline ѣᙯĶঔغгķ۞ؠཌྷυืߏĶЇ ңᆧϠд̂ౙᙝ˯۞гഥ༤ٕՕ᎕ແķĂؕЪௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠٙ̚ᏜĶ̂ ౙᙝҋၹјొ̶ķĞnatural component of continental marginğ۞ࢋІĄЯ ѩĂCLCS ᄮࠎૄࢬͅٺྋᛖĂӈܮдгᄻ˯ѣాඕĂҭࡶྍඈ༤ٕՕ ᎕إۏϏᆧϠд̂ౙᙝॡĂಶ̙ਕᄮࠎྍঔਖ̏གྷјࠎ̂ౙᙝ۞ҋၹј ొ̶ĞCLCS, 2012ağĄፂѩĂCLCS дώޙᛉ९̚ӈᄮࠎ்̈ࣧঔਖ֭՟ ѣځពгഥ༤ٕՕ᎕ۏᆧϠ̂ٺౙᙝĂ่҃ਕᄮࠎؠĶঔ߶غਖķĄ ტ˯ٙĂ࿅၆ CLCS ޙᛉ९̙̚Тᙷ۞ݭঔਖᄃҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨ ᆸᙯܼ۞៍၅ĂᇶॡΞᕩৼ˭ЕᇴᕇĈ 56 1. CLCS ֶೈͽĶгᄻķࠎค۞ᇾĂ FOS ͽγ۞ЧঔਖӮ ଵੵٺҋؼҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛĂ҃ؠҜࠎĶஎ߶߶ਖķĄೱ ֏̝Ăૄ݈ٺ೩۞זĶڕّ̚ķࣧĂ۞˯ޠڱĶஎ߶߶ਖķᄃ гኳ˯ߏӎѣঔ߶ڕ۞ّኳᙯĂ҃ߏᄃĶгᄻాᜈّķѣᙯć 2. ࠹ͅгĂ༊ঔਖдĶгᄻķ˯ၹјౙгᅳ˿۞ҋؼҩĂΪࢋߏҜ ٺFOS ͽ̰۞ቑಛĂྍঔਖӈѣΞਕజ CLCS ᄮࠎؠĶঔ߶غਖķ ٕĶঔغгķć 3. ҌٺડҾ˯Ķঔ߶غਖķᄃĶঔغгķ۞ᇾĂCLCS ࢋซ ˘ՎෛྍঔਖߏӎдĶгኳķ˯ځቁ႕֖ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ̚Ķ̂ౙᙝ ҋၹјొ̶ķ۞ࢋІ҃ؠĄࡶځቁ႕֖ྍࢋІĂΞజ̶ᙷࠎĶঔ غгķĂΞᏴፄዋϡĶᗓķٕĶஎޘķࢨטቢćࡶϏځቁ႕֖ ྍࢋІĂజ̶ᙷࠎĶঔ߶غਖķĂ่ਕዋϡĶᗓķࢨטቢĄ
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ְ၁˯ĂCLCS Guidelines ૻአঔਖߏপҾᅮࢋ࣎९҂ณ۞ڶېĂ˵Яѩ CLCS ᄮࠎҋ ̎дঔਖ۞યᗟ˯ĂͧྵઐШᑕѣͧྵᇃ۞ھྋᛖᝋࢨĄЯѩĂߏώࡁտĶᇶॡķ ۞ྋᛖᕩৼ҃̏Ă֭ഇ͟ ޢCLCS ΞਕົѣՀࠎځቁ۞ྋᛖΞਕĄࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈ CLCS Guidelines 7.2.11: As it is difficult to define the details concerning various conditions, the Commission feels it appropriate that the issue of ridges be examined on a case-by-case basis (CLCS, 1999).
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ౙăГኢҋؼҩࣧĈ࠹ᙯҿՙ ᄃ CLCS ޙᛉ९̝ෞژ ଂ݈ѣᙯထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ۞࠹ᙯ९ּΞۢĂҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋ ᛖᄃዋϡߏ˘࣎Тॡ̬ޠڱٺᄃҋࡊጯ̢જ۞࿅Ą୮Ⴗય۰Ă༊ܐ ؠטௐ 76 ୧ॡĂࡗ઼ܑӮᄮࠎ UNCLOS ˯۞̂ౙᒨᆸఢؠᄃ৷ოҋ ࡊጯ˯۞̂ౙᒨᆸ̰ट̙ТĄ57 ࢋ۞ࣧЯӈт ITLOS ٙᄲĂࠎ˞ឰڻ ͽ઼ثጐณᕖૺგᔑᝋĄૄٺᕖૺ઼छგᔑᝋវ۞ఢቑ͞ёĂ ੵ˞ܲ UNCLOS ݈ؠטӈ̏хд۞ҋؼҩࣧγĂТॡͽ͞ޠڱёؠ ཌྷ̙Тٺҋࡊጯໄ̂۞˯هౙᒨᆸĄҭ UNCLOS ϏځቁؠཌྷĶҋؼҩķ ࣧࣧ۞Яâ͞ࢬੵ˞ٺࢨצ༊ॡࡊጯྤੈ̙֖γĂΩ͞ࢬ˵ߏࠎ˞ឰ ࡗ઼ă ٕੰڱCLCS Ξͽ࿅̙Т۞ྋᛖ͞ёĂԱזЪᕖૺგᔑᝋ۞ ૄᖂĞITLOS, 2012ğĄЯѩĂҋؼҩࣧૄٺᕖૺ۞߆ڼᅮՐĂ˵ ಶឰ˘Ҝጯ۰ૺ၁ҋؼҩࣧд UNCLOS ̚࠻Ҭည˘ĶΗৠཐķ ۞ࣧĂҭ၁ᅫ˯ҋؼҩࣧд઼ᅫ۞ੰڱҿՙٕ CLCS ޙᛉ९̙̏̚ ѣ۞˯ޠڱᙯᔣຍஉĂ҃Ϊߏ˘߆۞˯ڼਜ਼ޥĞKim, 2014: 383-384ğĄ ҭώ͛ᄮࠎĂ̙გߏ ITLOS ٕѣᙯҋؼҩࣧ၁ኳ˯̙̏ࢋࢦ˯ޠڱ ຍཌྷ۞ૺĂ၁نர˞ҋؼҩࣧٙԷႊ۞ࢦࢋᆊࣃٕࢨّטΑਕĄ ͽ˭ӈ࿅၆઼݈ٺᅫ ٕੰڱCLCS ඈ९ּ̝ෞژĂͽࢦາᄮᙊҋؼ ҩࣧᄃထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ۞࠹ᙯԔٙѣ۞ޠڱΑਕٕຍஉĄ
˘ăҋؼҩࣧᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾ т݈ٙĂ2012 ѐ ITLOS дΐٛƟո۞ҿՙ̚ͅᅺΐٛ۞
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༊ܐࡗ઼дኘҿ UNCLOS ॡĂӈߏЯࠎវᄮזγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࠧࢨĂঘ̈́זኜк̙ቁ ޠڱ۞ؠᄃҋࡊጯྋᛖયᗟĂ྾д UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧̚ఢؠనϲ CLCSĂͽࢫҲҋ ࡊጯྋᛖ˯ዋϡ۞̙ቁّؠĄ̙࿅Ăొ̶ጯ۰Բෞᔵ CLCS ۞ᖚయߏͽྋՙҋ ࡊጯ˯۞̙ቁࠎّؠคĂҭலౣγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᄮ̪ؠᖞߏѣ߆ّڼĂ҃ૺ CLCS ̙ᑕྍ่৷ოϤҋࡊጯछٙјĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ472-475ğĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ૺĂܑϯֳѣؼҩ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĂ̙ᅮࢋᙋځΐٛ៉ ۞ঔԖᄃౙгᅳ˿มѣгᄻᄃгኳ۞ాᜈّĄЯѩĂҋؼҩࣧܧ֭ ઼ثڻυืдЪֳѣ݈ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរ̝γĂΩγ˘࣎υื႕֖۞ϲ ّᇾĞITLOS, 2012ğĄ҃ĂITLOS ତдྍҿՙ̚˫ܑϯĂϤٺдט ؠUNCLOS ॡӈ̏ۢΐٛ៉ঔغѣځពஎ۞ݓՕ᎕جᆸĂЯѩΐٛ៉ ื઼ͦثڻᙋځΐٛ៉̚۞Օ᎕جᄃౙгᅳ˿มѣгᄻᄃгኳ˯۞ా ᜈّĞITLOS, 2012ğĄͺ࠻̝˭ĂѩҿՙҬͼӎͽ˞ؠгᄻٕгኳాᜈّ үࠎଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾ۞ࢋІĂࠤҌ CLCS ޙᛉ९̚ͽгᄻాᜈّࠎࣧ ̝ҋؼҩࢋІྋᛖ࠹࠙ᛈĂЯ͔҃൴˞̙Тຍ֍۞ኢĄ 58 ҭૄ˭ͽٺநϤĂώ͛ᄮࠎĶгᄻٕгኳాᜈّķдĶҋؼҩķࣧ ̪̚ᖞߏ࠹༊ࢦࢋ۞ࢋІĂ҃ܧΪߏ˘ਜ਼ޥĄࢵАĂѣᙯ ITLOS д ΐٛƟո९۞ҋؼҩྋᛖĂࡶТॡଂ UNCLOS ۞םથ࿅ăࢦࢋܢІ ͽ̈́ྍҿՙώ֗۞݈͛ޢĂҬΞ൴னྍҿՙѣᙯҋؼҩ۞ొ̶ྋᛖĂᑕ ༊ઇ่ਕዋϡٺΐٛ៉ᙝ઼छ۞পঅଐڶĄវ҃֏Ăдםથ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧۞̰टॡĂ֧ᜋΙᄃОܑޘഅᓑЪ೩ٙᏜĶ֧ᜋΙޙᛉķ ९ĞThe Sri Lanka SuggestionğĞPinto, 2013: 224ğĄྍޙᛉ̚Ăࡶᚑॾ ዋϡͽĶгᄻķࠎ͕̚۞ҋؼҩࣧᇾĂ֤ᆃ၆ٺΐٛ៉Ķгᄻķᄃ ĶгኳķӔன̙Тλ̂मள۞ঔغгԛĂயϠ࠹༊̙Ꮚπ۞ඕڍĄߏ Яࠎдਨᑢௐ 76 ୧ॡĂͽߏܐΔ̂Ҙ߶̂ౙᒨᆸࠎࣧݭĂᄮࠎͽĶгᄻķ ˯۞ FOS ࠎ͕̚Шγထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨĂӈ֖ͽឰ઼ثڻஉ߁֖ૉ۞ঔ غՕ᎕جᆸĄҭߏĂࡶ่ଂĶгᄻķ֎ޘᄮؠ֧ᜋΙٕΐٛ៉ ᙝ઼छ۞ FOS ॡĂົϤ ٺFOS Ӯܧ૱ያثڻܕౙгĂͽڱд ΐٛ៉ 200 ঔ֧̝γֳѣĶгኳķ˯எݓՕ᎕̝جଣછٕฟ൴ᝋӀĞણ֍ ဦ 2ğĄ59 ЯѩĂЧࡗ઼ΩγͽܢІԛёᘪࢎ˘ЊĶኗྋᓏځķ Ğstatement
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ѣ۞ጯ۰ͽώҿՙࠎૄᖂĂ҃ૺҋؼҩࣧ၁ኳ˯̙̏хдĂ҃ԆБͽᗓࣧ үࠎֳѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞ૄᖂĞKim, 2014: 379-381ğĄҭѣ۞ጯ۰ᄮࠎ ITLOS дώ ҿՙ̚Ϻഅ೩̈́Ϥٺΐٛ៉ᇃ̂۞Օ᎕جᆸᄃΐٛ៉۞ᙝ઼छ࠹ాĂٙͽྍҿ ՙ၁ᅫ˯ߏଂгኳ۞֎ޘᜈ˞ؠۺҋؼҩࣧࢋ۞ІĞJia, 2013: 98ğĄ ঔ߶ܢࡗ̳ڱІ˟̚ĂӈপҾϤٺΐٛ៉ಛ઼छπӮͪஎ̙ ז200 ̳͎۞ቑ ಛ̙࿅ 20 ঔ֧Ăͷ̂ొ̶۞Օ᎕جᆸߏҜдౙૄ˭Ąೱ֏̝ĂĶΐٛ៉ሀ
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of understandingğ Ă60 ࢋՐϏֽ CLCS дᆶநΐٛ៉۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨޙ ᛉ९ॡĂᑕͽВТ۞ĶгኳķপҒࠎૄᖂĂͽᔖҺயϠዋϡௐ 76 ୧̙ޢ Ꮚπ۞ඕڍĄCLCS д ؠטCLCS Guidelines ॡϺॲፂѩኗྋᓏځĂд 8.1.12 ୧ᄃ 9.1.2 ୧̚পҾఢؠᑕග̟ΐٛ៉পঅଐ۞ڶ҂ᇋĄ 61 ϤѩΞۢĂ ITLOS дҿՙ̚೩זҋؼҩߏ˘࣎ޠڱໄܧ҃هҋࡊጯໄهĂ۞ቁᄃ UNCLOS םથॡЧࡗ઼ࠎ˞Ⴝณᕖ઼̂ثڻგᔑᝋ̝ࡗຍဦ࠹Ą ҃Ăүࠎ˘࣎ޠڱໄ̂۞هౙᒨᆸఢቑĂ̙֭ඈٺଵੵҋࡊጯໄ هд̂ౙᒨᆸޠڱྋᛖٙ̚Էႊ۞֎ҒĞSubedi, 2011: 429-430ğĄវ҃ ֏Ăӈ ܮUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ѣᙯ̂ౙᙝăFOS ٕঔਖඈࢋІܼ࿅ UNCLOS ٙࢦາؠཌྷĂҭࢦາؠཌྷ۞͞ё̪ߏͽгᄻٕгኳጯ۞͞ёᄃۢᙊૄᖂ ࠎఢቑĄ62 ӎĂௐ 76 ୧ͦืᖣϤ CLCS ̚гᄻٕгኳࡊጯछ۞ҋࡊጯ ຽĂҿᕝ઼ثڻٙ೩۞гᄻٕгኳᙋፂߏӎྍ༊ٺௐ 76 ୧Чഠ۞ఢ ؠĄՀࢦࢋ۰ĂಶߏЯࠎௐ 76 ୧̏གྷܧ૱ྎг࿅ޠڱఢቑ࠹༊ޘг Լតߊѣҋࡊጯؠཌྷ۞̂ౙᒨᆸĂ֭टٽጱ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞࠹ᙯྋᛖεΝ
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ёķ۞̂ౙᒨᆸᄃঔ߶ࡗ̳ڱௐ 76 ୧۞ĶΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёķ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࢦ̂मளĂӈд ٺĶՕ᎕جᆸķ۞ҜཉĂߏҜдĶౙķ ĞΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёğٕĶౙૄķ Ğΐٛ៉ሀёğ ̝˭ĄЯѩĂࡶܢІ˟่҃ਕዋϡௐ 76 ୧ఢؠĂΐٛ៉ᙝ઼छӮֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĄ ၆ٺЊᓏځ३ዋϡ۞઼छĂտౣߏٙѣΐٛ៉ঔા۞ᙝ઼छĂ่ٕ֧ᜋΙ ᄃОޘĂдྋᛖ˯˵ѣۋᛉĞPinto, 2013: 224-225ćNordquist et al., 1993: 1020-1025ğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 8.1.12: The Commission acknowledges that, for the coastal States located in the southern part of the Bay of Bengal, an exception to the provisions of paragraph 4 is provided for by the Statement of Understanding in Annex II of the Final Act of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. A State that is entitled to implement this provision, and opts to do so, is expected by the Commission to submit data at fixed points not more than 60 M apart along the submitted boundary line of the continental shelf to document that the thickness of sedimentary rock is not less than 1 kilometre at each of these fixed points. CLCS Guidelines 9.1.2: The Commission recognizes that one of its two functions prescribed in Annex II is to consider the data and material submitted by coastal States and to make recommendations in accordance with article 76 and the Statement of Understanding of 1980. Annex II, article 3 (1) (a), describes this function as follows… (CLCS, 1999). ּтĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 3 ഠ̂ౙᙝࢋІ̚۞̂ౙᒨᆸăౙౙૄĂٕௐ 4 ഠͽ̂ౙ Ą ޘغតજ̝̂ᕇүࠎ FOS ۞ࢋІĂౌߏଂгᄻጯ۞֎ؠࠎޘཌྷĞSerdy, 2011: 358ğ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ҋࡊጯ۞ځቁຍཌྷćЯѩĂ࿅࠹၆ͧྵ۞៍މҋࡊጯྋᛖٕధྵਕ ࢫҲௐ 76 ୧ఢቑዋϡॡٙΞਕटٽ൴Ϡ۞̙˘ّĄ͍Ăϫ݈ CLCS ޙᛉ९̚Ҍ͌ၡࢋ̰ट̏Ξ࿅შྮ̳ฟĂֹЧࡗ઼ਕႾ༛ CLCS дዋ ϡٕྋᛖ࠹ᙯ୧ഠ۞̰टĂՀਕֹܳ CLCS ۞ྋᛖჯّ˘Ąᖎ֏̝Ă ௐ 76 ୧ͽ͞ޠڱёࢦၹҋࡊጯ˯̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ؠཌྷޢĂ˵Тॡ࿅ҋࡊ ጯ۞ྋᛖჯγ̂ౙᒨᆸ୧ഠ۞ޠڱዋϡЪщّؠᄃ઼ᅫۤཏፋវӀ ৈĂ҃ͽޠ˘ܧᕖૺ۞઼ثڻგᔑᝋүࠎྋᛖĂซ҃ᗼ˞ UNCLOS Ķડા」制度中的人類共同繼承財產範圍。 63 ޢĂГа זITLOS ΐٛƟո९۞ҿՙѣᙯĶҋؼҩķࣧ۞ ྋᛖયᗟĞKałduński & Wasilewski, 2014: 148-149ğĄְ၁˯ĂࡶͿ៍၅ ΐٛ۞ૺޢΞ൴னĂᄃոٕ ITLOS ౌТຍΐٛ៉எ۞ݓՕ᎕ج ᆸĂТॡᄃոΐٛౌѣ࠹ాତĄೱ֏̝ĂΐٛᄮࠎдĶгኳķ˯ ΐٛ៉۞Օ᎕جᆸᄃոቁ၁࠹ాඕćӎĂITLOS ̙ົ೩઼זӮ Ъ CLCS ۞ĶଂᛳᝋӀķᑭរᇾĞITLOS, 2012ğĄҭߏĂώ९̚۞ۋᛉ ᕇдٺΐٛᄮࠎࡶࢋૺ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸॡĂٙᏜ۞ҋؼ ҩᑕТॡ႕֖˭Еࢋ࣎ІĈ(1) ౙгᅳ˿՟ˢͪ̚۞ౙᑕĶТॡķ႕֖ ĶгᄻķᄃĶгኳķ۞ాᜈّć(2) ੵ˞႕֖ĶгኳķాᜈّĂإᑕ႕֖Օ ᎕۞ۏгநֽĶТ˘ّķĞITLOS, 2012ğĄΐٛᄮࠎϤٺոڕд̙ ז50 ঔ֧ӈОڕޘ࠹ᇠயϠ՟ˢĂ҃யϠгኳ˯۞ॲώ̙ాᜈّ ĞITLOS, 2012ğĄ˫Ăӈܮΐٛ៉۞Օ᎕جᆸᄃոౙгѣాඕĂҭॲፂ гኳႊ̼ᙋፂពϯĂྍՕ᎕جᆸ̚۞ј̶ࢋֽҋΐٛĂ҃ᄃո՟ѣ Їңֽ˯۞Т˘ّĞITLOS, 2012ğĄҭߏĂITLOS дҿՙܑ̚ϯĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ഠٙᏜ۞Ķҋؼҩķ۞ౙгᅳ˿Ăᄃௐ 4 ഠĶ̂ౙᙝķঘ۞ߏ Т˘࣎ડાĞsame areağ ĞITLOS, 2012ğĄЯѩĂߊѝдםથ UNCLOS ॡ ಶ̏གྷۢΐٛ៉ዎ઼छஎ۞ݓՕ᎕جᆸѣٙాତĂ˵ಶܑϯĶ̂ ౙᙝķಶߏոдĶгኳķ˯ҋؼҩ۞ౙгᅳ˿˞ĞITLOS, 2012ğĄ 64 63
64
݈ CLCS ৪३ܜӈഅགྷᄲ࿅ĂCLCS ۞ώኳ̙֭ߏࠎ˞ࢨٕטᕖૺ۞઼ثڻӀৈĄ ˘۞ᖚᝋΪߏࠎ˞ᑒӄ઼ثڻᄃ઼ᅫۤົ࿅ҋࡊጯ۞ۢᙊਕ˧Ăቁᄮ̳ࡗЧ ഠ̚۞ࠧࢨҜཉĞSerdy, 2011: 378ğĄ ࡶ৷ოଂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ώ֗۞͛ཌྷྋᛖֽ࠻Ă˵֭Ϗఢ઼ثڻؠдထؠ࿅ 200 ঔ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
135
ώ͛ͽࠎ ITLOS ۞ҿՙᄃ CLCS ࠹ᙯޙᛉ९۞၁ኹߏ˘۞Ąд݈ ٙ೩̈́۞ޙᛉ९̚ӮΞۢĂCLCS ౌߏͽĶгᄻķࠎ͕̚ᄮߏ઼ثڻؠӎ ѣҋؼҩ۞ౙᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ྋᛖ៍ᕇć࠹ͅгĂĶгኳķᙋፂ่ ٺاᅃӄّ۞ᄮؠĶгᄻķᙋፂߏӎϒቁ۞֎ҒĄຍᏜ่ื႕֖Ķгᄻķ ࢋІӈ֖̏ૉĄЯѩĂITLOS ̙ଳৼΐٛ۞ૺᄃ CLCS ۞၁ኹ࠹Ą Հࢦࢋ۰ĂITLOS дՙҿ̚পҾૻአΐٛ៉ߏ˘࣎ĶপķĞuniqueğ۞ ଐڶĞITLOS, 2012ğĂឰ ITLOS Ξͽܧ૱ቁؠոдĶгኳķ˯ѣҋؼ ҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĄᔵ ITLOS ϏѩĶপķଐޠڱ۞ڶຍஉ̟ͽځቁᄲ ځĂҭώ͛ͽࠎΞͽซ˘ՎᕩৼࠎˬᕇĈ(1) ITLOS ߏͽ UNCLOS ࡗ઼ มѣ୧ࡗّኳ۞ĶኗྋᓏځķࠎֶፂĂቁᄮΐٛ៉઼छѣĶгኳķ ˯۞ҋؼҩγ̂ౙᒨᆸĂ̙҃ᅮࢋГ҂ณĶгᄻķ˯۞ాᜈّć(2) ֶፂ ݈ᄲ۞ځĶڕّ̚ķͽ̈́Ķౙг͚੨ঔ߶ķࣧĂĶгኳķ˯۞ γ̂ౙᒨᆸΪࢋౙгᅳ˿ѣాඕĂ༊̙ᅮࢋኢߏӎѣΐٛૺ ۞гநֽТ˘ّć(3) дΐٛ៉ٙ̚ᏜĶгኳķ۞ĶҋؼҩķĂតј ߏĶгኳķ˯ᅮЪĶኗྋᓏځķ̚۞ࡗؠćϺӈĂΪࢋଂ઼ثڻౙгҋ ؼҩΝ۞Օ᎕جᆸ۞ ٺ̈ࢋ̙ޘݓ1 ̳֧ĂӈЪҋؼҩ۞ࢋІ˞ ĞJia, 2013: 98ğ ĄፂѩĂITLOS ۞ྋᛖ่̙˯ޠڱѣ֖ૉ۞ֶፂăЪ CLCS ࠹ᙯޙᛉ९۞၁ኹĂͷܧ૱ځቁ࠻ؠۺޞҋؼҩࣧдγ̂ౙᒨᆸྋᛖ ѣࢦࢋ۞гҜĄ
˟ăҋؼҩࣧᄃĶгᄻķƟĶгኳķҋؼҩࣧ ࿅ܕѐֽ CLCS ٙઇ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸޙᛉ९Ξ൴னĂCLCS ܧ૱ځ ពг၆ߏٺӎѣҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᙝĂଳϡ۞ߏͽĶгᄻķࠎค۞ᄮؠ ᇾĄӈ ܮUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧՟ѣځቁఢؠᑕͽĶгᄻķࠎࢋֶፂĂͷ CLCS Guidelines ˵ఢ઼ثڻؠΞ೩гᄻͽγ۞ᙋፂĄҭҬͼ CLCS ᄮࠎ ᙋፂౌߏᅃӄᙋፂĂ˵Я҃ዎ˞ࡻ઼дֲڗޙᛉૻ۞ޢধͅᇅĄ ̙࿅Ăޙᛉ९జӎ઼۞ؠछĂ֭ϏтТࡻ઼ܑ྿ε୕̝ຍĂҬͼତצ
֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸॡĂΩᅮΩγᙋځĶгᄻķ˯۞ాᜈĶгኳķֽ۞гநТ˘ّĄ ЯѩĂΐٛٙૺ۞ĶТ˘ّķᇾĂቁ၁ົ࿅઼ثڻטࢨޘૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
˞ CLCS ͽĶгᄻķࠎ͕̚۞ҋؼҩ̝ࣧྋᛖĄ ҃Ăߏӎܑϯ CLCS ͽгᄻࠎ͕̚۞ҋؼҩࣧྋᛖĂ̏གྷၹ ј௫ၚ઼ᅫڱĉ 65 ώ͛ᄮࠎૄ˭ٺЕˬ࣎நϤĂĶгᄻķҋؼҩࣧ՟ ѣၹј௫ၚ઼ᅫڱĂҭѣүࠎᄲ۞ّڇᙋፂّኳĄࢵАĂϤ̶ొ̂ٺጯ ۰ౌତ צCLCS ώ֗՟ѣϲّڱᝋ˧Ăҭѣྋᛖّᝋ˧ćЯѩĂநኢ˯ CLCS ۞ྋᛖ̙ਕజෛࠎѣтТ௫ၚ઼ᅫٲ۞ڱՁड़˧Ą͍Ăಏ৷ଂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ώ֗۞͛ཌྷֽᄲĂ Ķҋؼҩķ˘ෟۡڱତଯኢᑕͽ Ķгᄻķࠎ˘ᄮؠᇾĄ ѨĂд CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९̚ĂӮͽĶгᄻķᙋፂࠎĂ҃Ķгኳķᙋ ፂࠎᅃ۞ࢋநϤĂᑕߏ CLCS Guidelines ώ֗ٙ೩۞זĶгኳķᙋፂ۞ פјώटٽጱ࠹ᙯᇴࣃྤੈ̙֖Ą66 ̝ͅĂCLCS Guidelines ֭Ϗ೩ זĶгᄻķᙋፂ۞פјώົົᚑࢦᇆᜩ࠹זᙯᇴࣃྤੈ̰टĄፂѩĂͽ Ķгᄻķࠎ۞ҋؼҩᄮؠᇾĂߏࠎ˞ቁְܲޠڱ၁۞ϒቁّĄ ޢĂITLOS ΐٛƟո९ҿՙ۞ώ֗Ăӈ̏ٚᄮૄٺĶгኳķҋ ؼҩ۞टధّć҃జटధ۞ࢋࣧЯĂӈдٺࡗ઼ѝಶቁᄮ˞ΐٛ ៉ώ֗۞পঅгኳྤੈĄೱ֏̝Ăΐٛ៉ᙝ઼छ۞Ķгኳķҋؼҩ ᙋፂĂ̏གྷ՟ѣྤੈ˯̙Ξያ۞ႷᇋĄҭࡶࢋዋϡזΐٛ៉ͽγ۞઼छĂ ӈົঘܢ݈זІ˟Ķኗྋᓏځķ۞ዋϡវቑಛĄϦ֏̝ĂܢІ˟۞ Ķኗྋᓏځķ่೩ זCLCS ᑕֶፂྍᓏ̰۞ځटᆶநΐٛ៉Ķొݑķ઼ छ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ĄҭߏĂྍĶኗྋᓏځķ֭Ϗវځΐٛ៉Ķݑ ొķߏӎ่Βӣ֧ᜋΙО઼ޘĄ˘ᄲᄮࠎΪѣ֧ᜋΙОޘĂΩ ˘ᄲᄮࠎΪࢋЪĶኗྋᓏځķ̚гኳ୧І۞઼छӮΞዋϡĞPinto, 2013: 224-225ğĄଂ ITLOS ΐٛƟո۞ҿՙֽ࠻Ăᔵ՟ѣۡତྋᛖྍᓏځ 65
66
௫ၚ઼ᅫࢋ۞ڱІ̚ࢋߏѣ઼៍މछ၁ኹĂᄃ៍هܫޠڱĄ҃дᙝࢋଣտ۞ ӈߏ༊̂ొ̶઼छӮֶೈĶгᄻķᙋፂүࠎࢋ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि೩९̰टĂͷϏт Тࡻ઼೩ԩᛉॡĂߏӎܑϯ̂кᇴࡗ઼Ӯ၆ٺҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖĂ̏ѣྵࠎ ˘۞هܫޠڱĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 8.1.9: The thickness of sediments can be determined by means of direct sampling and indirect methods. Direct sampling is conducted by means of drilling. This is a very costly process, particularly in deep water, and only gives spot values. (CLCS, 1999)ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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ዋϡ۞វĂҭҬΞᄲҌ͌Ķᙷଯዋϡķ˞ྍᓏځٙᔳӣ۞Ķгኳķҋ ؼҩڱநĄ ტ˯ٙĂώ͛ͽࠎĶгᄻķҋؼҩ֭ࣧ՟ѣజ ITLOS ᄮࠎߏ ˘۞ҋؼҩᇾĄҭૄٺᙋፂ۞ٽ៍މ८၁ĞverifyğّኳĂĶгᄻķᙋ ፂͧĶгኳķᙋፂѣՀ۞ᄲّڇΑਕĄ˫Ă̙ߏ઼̙ثڻਕଂĶгኳķ ֎ޘᙋځѣҋؼҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĂΪߏυื܅ޝᗝ۞ᄲڇјώć ЯѩĂ̂кᇴ۞೩९઼Ӯਕତ צCLCS ۞ĶгᄻķҋؼҩࣧᇾĄ67
ˬăҋؼҩࣧᄃ FOS ۞ᄮؠ дௐདྷొ̶ᄲ ځFOS ۞ᄮؠᇾॡ೩זĂCLCS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ีĶ࠹ ͅᙋځķ୧ഠĂ༊үͽߏ˯ޠڱĶгᄻķƟĶ̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇķࠎ ࣧĂ ĶгኳķƟ Ķ̂ͽܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣ࠎּγ۞ྋᛖĂߏጯᄲٕ ၁ચ˯ѣᙯ FOS ᄮ̚ؠѣۋᛉ۞ޠڱયᗟĄԲҿኢ۞ޠڱጯ۰ࢋᄮ ࠎĂĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ֭ϏӔன˘ਠּ۞̚ޠڱγఢቑԛёĂ҃ᑕଳפᏴ ፄᙯܼ۞ྋᛖ͞ڱĂͽӀ઼ثڻᕖૺგᔑቑಛĄ̙࿅Ăώ͛ૄีˬٺந ϤĂᄮࠎĶּγᄲķ۞ྋᛖͧྵЪநĄࢵАĂ̂ౙᒨᆸώ֭֗՟ѣĶ̰γ ̂ౙᒨᆸķ̶̝Ă҃Ϊߏ˘࣎ጯந˯۞ໄهĄೱ֏̝Ăүࠎ۞˯ޠڱĶγķ ̂ౙᒨᆸĂ˵˘ߏؠଂĶ̰ķ̂ౙᒨᆸؼҩֽ҃ć۰ώኳ˯ᑕྍߏĶಏ ˘̂ౙᒨᆸķໄهĞITLOS, 2012ğĄЯѩĂĶ̰γķ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᄮؠĂࣧ ˯ᑕૄٺТ˘ᇾĂؕЪĶಏ˘̂ౙᒨᆸķ۞ໄهĞMcDorman, 2012: 745-746ğĄ˫Ăϫ݈Яࠎࡊٺࢨצጯᙋፂ۞פјώયᗟĂ઼ثڻᄃ CLCS ӮͽĶгᄻķүࠎࢋᄮؠҋؼҩ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾĄ֤ᆃĂдᄮؠ ૄٺĶгᄻķ҃ؼҩΝ۞ FOSĂ֭՟ѣநϤдᄮ ؠFOS ॡ̙ͽĶгᄻķ ᙋፂࠎࣧĄ ѨĂᔵௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ีּγዋϡĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ۞ఢቑԛёĂ 67
ૄפٺᙋፂјώ۞҂ณĂ҃ᇆᜩ઼ثڻѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि೩९۰ĂٙயϠ ۞ᇆᜩдࡊԫྵ൴྿ᄃྵར઼ޢछมĂѣ࠹༊ځព۞मளĄд͟ώ۞೩९̚Ăӈܢ ѣ࠹༊кᙋፂ۞ٽ̙ྵפĶгኳķᙋፂྤੈĄ࠹ͅгĂд݈ٙ೩̈́࢘ৼ۞೩९Ă ࢘ৼޢӈٸୢГҖ೩ՀкĶгኳķᙋፂͽᄲ ڇCLCSĂ҃Լֶ CLCS ۞Ķгᄻķ ᙋፂࢋՐĂЯ҃ࢨᒺ˞ΞਕሕдՀк۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀቑಛĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ᄃ็ּ˯ޠڱγఢ۞ؠԛё̙Ⴝ࠹ТĂҭߏٺࢨצ༊ॡ UNCLOS ؠט ॡ۞ࡊጯྤੈ̙֖ٙౄјĄϦ֏̝Ă఼૱ּ۞ޠڱγఢځົؠቁؠዋ ϡ۞୧ІĂҭĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ֭՟ѣЇңּγ۞ڶېዋϡ୧ІĂΞਕट ٽጱּޠڱγ୧ഠྋᛖ۞̙˘ّĄҭߏĂд 1999 ѐ CLCS ο CLCS Guidelines ॡĂ̏གྷ၆ٺĶгኳķƟĶ̂ͽܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣ѣՀྎ ۞ࡊጯࡁտྤੈ֭೩ዋϡ۞୧ІĄЯѩĂּγ୧ഠ۞ྋᛖᑕࢦ̂ ̙˘ّ۞ႷᇋĄ ޢĂࡶтТĶᏴፄᙯܼķ۞ᄲڱĂ৷ოͽᕖૺ઼छঔાგᔑᝋ༊ү ˘ϲڱϫ۞Ăົنர UNCLOS ࣧώࣘᜪ൴ण઼̚छ۞ૺᄃჯ᜕ˠᙷВ Тᚶٚੑய۞ࢦࢋჟৠĞYu & Wu, 2011: 324ğĄ͍Ă༊ॡኜк൴ण઼̚ छ۞೩९Ăӈߏࢋࢨטঔᝋٕࡊԫ൴྿઼छ۞ঔ߶гĂЯ҃дᑢ̂ౙᒨ ᆸఢؠॡĂ̖ົೳୢĶฟ൴ΞਕّķᇾĄ68 ѩγĂᓑЪ઼̂ົд UNCLOS ኘҿ݈Ăഅ఼ѣ࿅ѣᙯঔغăঔԖ̈́ڼ˿غநࣧ۞ՙᛉ͛Ą 69 ܑϯ UNCLOS ۞ĶડાķޘטĂ̙ᑕజ৷ო઼छგᔑᝋᕖૺࠎϫ۞̝γ̂ౙᒨ ᆸޘטٙᗼĞFranckx, 2010: 546-547ğĄЯѩĂд CLCS ͽгኳᙋፂՀਕ Ξያг FOS Ҝཉ۞ଐڶćٕ۰Ăܑϯ˵઼ثڻՀਕΞያᙋځĶгᄻķ ˯̂ౙཙតજ̝̂ᕇ̙ߏ FOSĂ҃Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ̚۞Ķгኳķ ƟĶ̂ͽܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣༊үּγّኳĂ၁ᅫ˯ѣӄٺჯĶડ ાķ۞ޘטᘦؠĄ 70 ᖎ֏̝Ăૄٺಏ˘̂ౙᒨᆸڱநăּޠڱγ୧ഠྋᛖ۞˘ّăͽ̈́ Ķડાķ۞ޘטԆፋّඈˬ࣎ࢬШĂώ͛ᄮࠎ CLCS ۞ĶгᄻķƟĶ̂ౙ
68
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дன̫ UNCLOS ᔘ՟ѣ߉Җ݈Ă͟ώᚱ۞઼ᅫ̈ءڱੰڱϣൄഅགྷܧ૱ೌ៍гĂ ࡶᜈଳϡĶฟ൴Ξਕّᇾķүࠎγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࠧࢨĂঔغٙѣડાజБ ొ઼छ̟ͽϝ̶ĞOda, 1989: 167ğĄ ࣧՙᛉ͛ЩჍࠎĈDeclaration of Principles Governing the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (UN General Assembly, 1970). ְ၁˯ĂࡶА̙ኢᏴፄּٕγᙯܼĂഅѣጯ۰д၁ᅫࢍზՕ᎕ޘݓ۞جॡĂᄱ मѣΞਕ྿ 10% νΠĄЯѩĂଂጐณࢫҲ̙ቁّٕؠᆧΐྤੈֽޘ֎۞ޘځᄲĂ CLCS ٙଳּ۞פγᙯܼྋᛖĂ၆ჯĶડાķޘטቁ၁ѣܧ૱ࢦࢋ۞ຍཌྷĞMcNab, 2004: 5ğĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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غតજ̝̂ᕇķࠎࣧĂĶгኳķƟĶ̂ͽܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣ ࠎּγ̙҃ߏᏴፄᙯܼ۞ྋᛖĂᑕЪநЪώีϲڱϫ۞Ą
αăҋؼҩࣧᄃঔਖ д઼ᅫڱጯࠧ̚Ҭͼᄮࠎ̂ౙᒨᆸ̚ޘטӧᙱ۞ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ̝ ˘ĂӈߏѣᙯЧঔਖд۞˯ޠڱྋᛖዋϡયᗟĄᔵдௐЁొ̶̏ᇶॡ ᕩৼ CLCS ѣᙯ̙Тঔਖ۞ࢋІĂдѩܐՎଣտྍඈࢋІᄃ̂ౙᒨᆸ ޘטม۞ЪநّĄְ၁˯ĂЧঔਖ۞̶ᙷ८͕યᗟĂֶҋؼҩࣧ ̚տౣᑕଳĶгᄻķٕĶгኳķࠎࢋᄮؠᇾѣᙯĄࢵАĂੵ˞݈ ࡻ઼ֲڗफޙᛉ९̚Ăࡻ઼ؕૺྍफдĶгኳķ˯Ăᄃ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ ਖ࠹ాତ҃Ъ CLCS ҋؼҩ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾγĂ˵ΞͽТᇹૄٺ Ķгኳķాᜈّᄮ߶̚ྍؠਖ˯۞ᗓࢨטቢĄӈܮన CLCS ତ઼ࡻצ Ķгኳķҋؼҩ۞ૺֳ҃ѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĂҭГซ˘Վֶፂ݈ ѣᙯ CLCS ၆ЧĶঔ̚гķࢨטቢ۞ᇾᕩৼĂĶঔ߶غਖķ۞ࢨט ቢᅮаᕩͽĶгᄻķాᜈّ̟ͽᄮؠĂͷĶঔغгķ۞ࢨטቢՀࢋТॡ ЪĶгᄻķᄃĶгኳķాᜈّᇾĄѩॡĂֲڗफ۞̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖտ ᑕዋϡĶঔ߶غਖķٕĶঔ̚гķ۞ࢨטቢĂ˵ಶົயϠ۞˯ޠڱ႒߽Ą ҭߏâ࣎۞˯ޠڱ႒߽տౣߏ CLCS ၆ЧĶঔ̚гķ۞ྋᛖ̙Ъ நٙĂԺٕߏࡻ઼۞ૺ̙Ъ ٺUNCLOS ٙĉͽ˭ӈซ˘ՎᄲځĄ ְ၁˯Ăঘ̈́ זUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ݈߱ᄃ͛߱ޢф˯۞मளĄ тௐЁొ̶ٙĂЪௐ 6 ഠ߱ޢĶঔغгķ۞ؠཌྷߏᛳٺĶ̂ౙᙝ ҋၹјొ̶ķĂ˵ಶߏ CLCS Guidelines ٙ̚ᏜĶЇңᆧϠд̂ౙᙝ˯۞ гഥ༤ٕՕ᎕ແķćೱ֏̝Ăߏ˘࣎ĶгኳķࢋІĞGao, 2012: 130ğĄ ࠹ͅгĂௐ 6 ഠ݈߱ѣᙯĶঔ߶غਖķ۞ࢨטቢఢ̚ؠĂ֭Ϗΐ˯࠹ᙷҬ ۞гኳࢋІćЯѩĂĶঔ߶غਖķ่ᅮЪĶгᄻķᇾӈ֖̏ૉĄՀࢦ ࢋ۰Ăॲፂ CLCS ؎ࣶ Harald Brekke Philip Symonds ۞ᄲڱĂΪࢋЪ Ķгᄻķҋؼҩᇾ̂ౙᙝ˯۞ঔ̚гĂCLCS ಶυืซ˘Վቁᄮѣ Ķгኳķ˯۞ాᜈّĄࡶѣĂ೩९઼ᔘυืซ˘Վಶૺؼҩ۞ᗓĂ ̈́࠹ᑕ̝ĶгኳķᙋፂӮ೩Ϲ CLCS ቁᄮĞBrekke & Symonds, 2011: 302ć Egede, 2004: 159ğĄ࣐೩९઼ૺྍĶঔغгķ۞ࢨטቢ࿅ 350 ঔ֧
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ॡĂ೩९઼ӈυื೩ 350 ঔ֧ͽ˯۞ĶгኳķᙋፂĊೱ֏̝Ă೩९઼୬ ዋϡĶঔ߶غਖķĶঔغгķٙᅮ܅۞јώѣ࠹༊λ̂۞मளćٕ ۰ᄲዋϡĶঔغгķ۞ᇾᑕͧĶঔ߶غਖķĄ ࡶ˯ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ۞ఢؠѣגຍឰዋϡĶঔ߶غਖķᄃĶঔغ гķࢨטቢѣ̙Тܝᕣ̝ϫ۞Ă۞઼ࡻૺΞਕᄃώഠ۞ϲڱϫ۞࠻Ҭ ̙ԆБ˘ĄϺӈĂĶঔ߶غਖķגຍଳפᙋځјώྵҲ۞Ķгᄻķాᜈ ّᇾĂҭĶঔغгķଳϡјώྵ۞ĶгᄻķᄃĶгኳķాᜈّᇾć ֤ᆃĂӈڗֲܮफଳפĶгኳķҋؼҩ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾĂ˵ޢ Ξਕົརˢ՟ѣវࢨטቢዋϡ۞ૄޠڱᖂĄҭߏĂтڍĶгᄻķߏͧྵ Ҳ۞ܝᕣᇾĂࠎ̦ᆃ઼̙ثڻਕдௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ՟ѣͽ͛ځĶгኳķᙋ ፂᄮؠĶঔ߶غਖķ۞ࢨ˭טĂᏴፄͽܝᕣྵ۞ྋᛖᇾĉೱ֏̝Ă ࡶώഠ۞ዋϡᇾӈܮԼࠎĶгᄻٕгኳాᜈّƟঔ߶غਖ v. гᄻᄃгኳ ాᜈّƟঔغгķĂᑕΞТᇹࣘᜪ̙ТܝᕣҲ۞ϲڱϫ۞Ą˫Ăࡶ৷ ოଂ͛ཌྷ۞֎࠻ֽޘĂొ̶ጯ۰ࠤҌᄮࠎΪѣঔਖٕᙷҬঔਖඕၹ۞ঔ̚ гؕᅮዋϡώഠٙᏜĶ̂ౙᙝҋၹјొ̶ķ۞гኳࢋІĄϺӈĂΪѣ ྍഠ߱ޢĶঔέăঔษăঔपăຳᝎыķᑕዋϡĶгኳķࢋІĂ аᕩዋϡĶгᄻķࢋІӈΞĞBrekke & Symonds, 2011: 302-303ğĄ ώ͛ͽࠎĂଂҋؼҩࣧ۞ϲڱϫ۞Ăᄃ݈Ķгᄻķᙋፂ۞ᄲڇ ّΑਕ࠹ТĄϺӈĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ̙ᑕଵੵͽĶгኳķࢋІᄮؠĶঔ߶غ ਖķ۞ΞਕّĂҭ઼ثڻυืՀ۞ᓝᙋయЇĄϤٺҋؼҩࣧТॡ ۷˞ឰࡗ઼ᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋĂͽ̈́ቁܲѣˠᙷВТᚶٚੑய۞Ķડ ાķצ̙ޘטᗼ۞ӀৈćЯѩĂ၆఼ٺ૱дঔؼغҩᗓົྵ۞ܜঔ̚ гۏĂՀᑕڦຍߏӎᜪ̈́זӀৈπᏊ۞ޠڱྋᛖĄт݈ٙĂϤٺĶгᄻķ ᙋፂѣ CLCS टٽ८၁۞ޘᄲّڇΑਕćЯѩĂੵܧѣځពࢦ̂۞ந ϤγĂ̙ᑕࢋՐ઼ثڻυืԆБͽјώྵ۞ĶгኳķᙋፂࠎૄᖂĂᙋځ Ъγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾķᄃ FOSĄ࠹ͅгĂࡶࢋ઼ثڻ ԆБͽĶгኳķҋؼҩүࠎቁᄮγ̂ౙᒨᆸĶࢨטቢķ۞ቑಛĂ˵ᑕ ྍАᙋځңͽĶгᄻķᙋፂ̙֖ͽүࠎቁᄮγ̂ౙᒨᆸĶࢨטቢķ۞ந ϤĄፂѩĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠĶࢨטቢķఢؠᄃௐ 4 ഠĶ̳ёቢķఢؠĂТᇹ ѣТॡπᏊ઼ثڻᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋᄃቁܲĶડાķ۞ޘטᏊπϫ۞Ă҃
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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Ξௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ഠ (b) ۞ၹјࢋІĂᙷଯዋϡٺௐ 6 ഠѣᙯĶঔ߶غਖķ˯Ą
߭ăඕኢ ΐٛ៉д 2012 ѐ ITLOS ۞ҿՙͽ̈́ 2014 ѐΐٛᄃО۞ޘঔાထ ࠧЅޢĂ̂˯ˬ઼̝ม۞ঔાგᔑᝋ̏ӘቁؠĄ઼҃ีᅫՙĂ Тॡֽ˞ځޝពг઼ᅫᙯܼᄃ઼ᅫ۞˯ڱᇆᜩĄд઼ᅫᙯܼ۞ᆸѨ˯Ă О่̙ޘΞ๕˧ᛈ֎ĂՀ͕ٸгؼҩז౫̱ϥঔदćТॡĂځޝពгĂ ѐОޘдݑঔ۞གྷᑻᄃְ֟ਝ߿જ˵͟ᔌᐛᓄĞRoche, 2015ğĄ˫Ă ΐٛд࣎ՙቁޢؠĂΐٛ߆̏عጱΡฟĶᖡҒགྷᑻົᛉķĂࢎ ઼ྍؠдΐٛ៉۞ঔ߶གྷᑻ൴णᛉĞBrewster, 2014ğĄޢĂոᄃ ͟ώ˵ߏдҿՙቁޢؠĂд͟ώщࢺॢˬࢵ࠹ ٺ2014 ѐٙ೩̝Ķΐٛ ៉̍ຽјώķĞBay of Bengal Industrial Growth Beltğ࣍ᛉߛၹ˭ĞJapan International Cooperation Agency, 2014ğĂฟؕૻ̼ྍ઼дΐٛ៉ঔث ᙝ̝ૄᖂన߉Ă֭ᄃ͟ώ̳ΦЪүĞBrewster, 2014ğĄϤѩ९І۞ޢᜈ൴ णֽ࠻Ăΐٛ៉ᙝ઼छ࿅઼ᅫۋ۞ڱბྋՙԔĂٙԆј۞ঔાგ ᔑᝋထࠧĂ၆ྍડા઼ᅫᙯܼ۞ᇆᜩ̙ट̈㌿Ą҃ѩѨΐٛ៉઼छјΑ ᖣϤҿՙྋՙۋბྋՙ۞ሀёĂд઼ᅫม˵ฟؕனኢͽ̼טڱሀ ёĂԓ୕઼̚ᄃݑঔᙝ઼छĂ̼ྋϫ݈ు႙̿۞ݑঔঔાۋბΞਕّ ĞBateman, 2014ğĄ ̙ኢϏֽݑঔٕࠤҌֲڌѣۋბ۞ঔાĂߏӎົтТΐٛ៉઼ छĂՙ઼ͽؠᅫՙ͞ёྋՙۋბĂώ͛ٙଣ۞ ITLOS ҿՙٕ CLCS ޙ ᛉ९̚۞ĶҋؼҩࣧķĂౌߏ၆ѩѨΐٛ៉߆˯ޠڱٕڼ၆઼ثڻ ᝋٕგᔑᝋҖֹ̝ቑಛĂѣࢦ̂ᇆᜩ۞ޠڱયᗟĂͷ˵ົᜈᇆᜩϏ ֽѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛ۞ྋᛖĄҭߏĂଂ 1969 ѐ ICJ Δঔ̂ౙᒨᆸ९ͽޢĂ ၆̂ٺౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧྋᛖĂੵ˞д UNCLOS ࢦזצྵ݈ͧؠטෛ γĂUNCLOS ֭ޢؠט՟ѣ͉זצк۞ᙯڦĄଂޠڱྋᛖ۞֎ֽޘᄲĂ ࢋߏЯࠎᛳགྷᑻঔા۞ޘטனĂͽ̈́ௐ 76 ୧ૄώ˯̏གྷଳϡૄ઼ثڻ ޠڱٺĞipso jureğĂ҃ܧгந୧І פ200 ঔ֧̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĄҭߏĂ ಶтТ ICJ д݈ 1985 ѐӀֲͧ v. Ⴌ̂ౙᒨᆸ९ٙ۰Ă200 ঔ֧
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
̰۞̂ౙᒨᆸפՙ˯ޠڱٺٙఢ۞ؠᗓᇾĄ 71 ೱ֏̝Ăࡶࢋֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĂᔘߏົѣޠڱᄃҋЯ৵۞ტЪ҂ณĄ ̙გߏଂ 2010 ѐ CLCS ۞ࡻ઼ֲڗޙᛉ९ޢĂٕ 2012 ѐΐٛƟ ո९͔ٙ۞ኢΞ൴னĂ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸҋؼҩࣧ۞ ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ̙ᑕГజنෛĄࡻ઼дШᓑЪ઼৪३ܜٙᅍϹ۞ԩᛉγϹ ົ̚ӈഅĂྍ઼ົᜈᙯޢڦᜈޙᛉ९၆ٺĶҋؼҩķăĶஎ߶߶ غķͽ̈́ĶгᄻᐹАّķඈˬีྋᛖĄࡻ઼˵ซ˘ՎܑϯĂࡶ CLCS Լត ֍ྋĂࡻ઼ѣΞਕଳ࠹פᑕ۞ҖજĄᔵࡻ઼՟ѣᄲځҖજ۞ ຍஉĂҭߏӎܑϯࡻ઼Ξਕࢋࢦ೩ֲڗफ۞೩९ĉт ڍCLCS ᙷҬڱ ੰĶଯᖙķࣧА۞Їң֍ޠڱྋĂͷѣΞਕͽᕖૺࣧ̏ତޙצᛉ९۞ ೩९઼ᝋӀĂࣧ೩९઼ߏӎΞͽࢋՐ CLCS ࢦາᆶநĉٕ۰ĂCLCS ˵ ᑕྍᙷזצҬĶҿՙАּٲՁࣧķ۞ٲՁĉֱౌߏ CLCS ฟؕϒё ᆶந۞઼ثڻγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ੈिޢĂឰҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖд˫˯ޠڱ ฟؕࢦזצෛ۞યᗟĄ 72 Ξͽቁؠ۰Ă̙გ CLCS ͟ߏޢӎົԼត˯ˬ࣎ᙯᔣયᗟ۞ޠڱ ྋᛖĂ࿅ώࡁտΞ൴ன CLCS ၆ٺҋؼҩࣧଳ࠹ߏ۞פ༊ࢦෛĶг ᄻķ۞͕̚៍ᕇĄҭώࡁտᄮࠎĂܑ̙֭ĶҋؼҩࣧķΪߏĶҋ гᄻؼҩࣧķĂ҃ߏૄٺĶгᄻķᙋፂ۞ᄲّڇᆊࣃĂֹࡗ઼ᄃ CLCS ้Шͽٺгᄻᙋፂүࠎૺᄃᆶߤγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९۞͕̚ĄՀࢦࢋ۰ĂĶҋ 71
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ѣᙯ 200 ঔ֧̰۞̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀଳĶᗓķᇾĂ҃ 200 ঔ֧γ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋ ӀଳפĶҋؼҩķᇾ۞ീĂд 1985 ѐ۞ӀֲͧƟႬ̂ౙᒨᆸထࠧ९̝ޢĂ ӈѣጯ۰ྍ၁ᅫ˯ྍҿՙ˞ؠۺҋؼҩࣧĂдѣᙯ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨ ᆸᚶᜈԷႊࢦࢋ۞ᝋӀૄᖂĄ̝ͅĂ200 ঔ֧̰۞̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĂٕ 400 ঔ֧̰۞ ̂ౙᒨᆸထࠧĂಶ৷ოפՙٺĶᗓᇾķĂͽҺТॡᇆᜩזᛳགྷᑻঔા۞ޘטщ ّؠĞTanaka, 2013: 135ćAnderson, 1998: 96ğĄ ༊Ăϫ݈ޝᙱຐညࡻ઼ޢᜈົଳפҖજĄҭᑕڦຍ۰ĂUNCLOS ௐỊ̏ొ̶۞ ۋბྋՙ፟טĂ֭՟ѣଵੵγ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि೩९઼ͽγ۞ௐˬ઼ͽ઼̈́ᅫঔغგந ԊĂΞਕົ࿅෦ٕЅԔĂ߄ጼ೩९઼ֶፂ CLCS ޙᛉ९ٙထ۞ؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ ࠧࢨĞSuarez, 2008: 232-235ğĄᔵ CLCS ̙జᄮࠎѣ෦ٕЅԔ۞༊ְˠਕ ˧Ăҭࡶৌ۞ѣ࠹ᙯ९ІĂܑϯ CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९ۡତдੰڱѣ˯ޠڱזצᆶߤ۞Ξ ਕّĄፂѩĂϏֽ CLCS д࣎९̚ѣᙯҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖᄃዋϡ൴णĂӈܮ၆ٺϫ ݈̏གྷቁؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ۞઼छֽᄲĂ̪ѣሕд۞ᇆᜩΞਕĄ
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ؼҩķ̙ᑕ่జྋᛖࠎͽᕖૺ઼छᝋࠎ˘ϲڱϫ۞Ă˵ѣቁܲѣ ˠᙷВТᚶٚੑயّኳ۞Ķડાķזצ̙ޘטᗼ̝ϫ۞Ą
ણ҂३ϫ ˘ă͛̚ొ̶ ࠱ݹѰĂ2004ĂĮ઼ᅫঔ߶ڱįĂέΔξĈጯ̼͛ڒĄ γϹొĂ2009Ă IJ̚රϔ઼̂ౙᒨᆸγొࠧࢨᓏځij ĂγϹొშࢱĂhttp://www. mofa.gov.tw/News_Content_M_2.aspx?n=5028B03CED127255&sms=5ED 24855AD8E6C58&s=E250B02D16CDA92EĂ2015/9/23Ą
˟ăҘ͛ొ̶ Anderson, D.H. 1988. “Some Recent Developments in the Law Relating to the Continental Shelf.” Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law 6(2): 95-102. Bateman, Sam. 2014. “Resolution of Bangladesh-India Maritime Boundary: Model for South China Sea Disputes?” in https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/ 2014/08/CO14158.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. Brekke, Harold & Philip A. Symonds. 2004. “The Ridge Provisions of Articles 76 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.” In Legal and Scientific Aspects of Continental Shelf Limits, eds. Myron H. Nordquist, John Norton Moore, and Tomas H. Heidar. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 169-199. Brekke, Harald & Philip Symonds. 2011. “Submarine Ridges and Elevations of Article 76 in Light of Published Summaries of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf.” Ocean Development & International Law 42(4): 289-306. Brewster, David. 2014. “The Bay of Bengal: the Scramble for Connectivity.” in http://www.aspistrategist.org.au/the-bay-of-bengal-the-scramble-for-connect ivity/. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 1999. “Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf.” in http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/documents/Guidelines/CLCS_ 11.htm. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2009a. “Summary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Norway in Respect of Areas in the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea.” in http://www.un.
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org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/nor06/nor_rec_summ.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2009b. “Summary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Joint Submission Made by France, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Respect of the Area of the Celtic Sea and the Bay of Biscay.” in http://www.un.org/Depts/ los/ clcs_new/submissions_files/frgbires06/fisu_clcs_recommendations_summary 2009.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2010a. “Summary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Respect of Ascension Island on 9 May 2008.” in http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/gbr08/gbr_asc_isl_ rec_summ.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2010b. “Summary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Barbados.” in http://www.un.org/Depts/ los/clcs_new/submissions_files/brb08/brb08_summary_recommendations.pd f. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2011. “Summary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Brazil on 17 May 2004 of Information on the Proposed Outer Limits of Its Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles.” http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/ bra04/Summary_Recommendations_Brazil.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2012a. “Summary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Japan on 12 November 2008.” in http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/jpn08/com_sumrec_ jpn_fin.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2012b. “Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Revised Submission Made by Barbados.” in http:// www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/brb_10rev2011/brb_10re v2011_summary_recommendations.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2012c. “Summary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Submission Made by the Republic of France
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in Respect of the Areas of the French Antilles and the Kerguelen Islands.” in http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/fra09/SUMREC_ FRA1_19_04_2012.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2012d. “The Definitionof the Continental Shelf and Criteria for the Establishment of Its Outer Limits.” in http://www.un.org/depts/los/clcs_new/continental_shelf_ description.htm. Latest update 26 May 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2014a. “Summary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Ghana.” in http://www.un.org/ Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/gha26_09/2014_09_05_COM_sum REC_GHA.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. CLCS (Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf). 2014b.“Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Submission Made by the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark Together with the Government of the Faroes in Respect of the Continental Shelf North of the Faroe Islands.” in http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/ submissions_files/dnk28_09/2014_03_14_SCDNK_REC_COM_20140521. pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. Egede, Edwin. 2004. “The Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf: African States and the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention.” Ocean Development & International Law 35(2): 157-178. Elferink, Alex G. Oude. 2006. “Article 76 of the LOSC on the Definition of the Continental Shelf: Questions concerning its Interpretation from a Legal Perspective.” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 21(3): 269-285. Franckx, Erik. 2010. “The International Seabed Authority and the Common Heritageof Mankind: The Need for States to Establish the Outer Limits of theirContinental Shelf.” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 25(4): 543-567. Gao, Jian Jun. 2012. “The Seafloor High Issue in Article 76 of the LOS Convention: Some Views from the Perspective of Legal Interpretation.” Ocean Development and International Law 43(2): 119-145. Huang, Yao & Xuexia Liao. 2014. “Natural Prolongation and Delimitation of the Continental Shelf beyond 200nm: Implications of the Bangladesh/ Myanmar Case.” Asian Journal of International Law 4(2): 281-307. ICJ (International Court of Justice). 1951. “Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v. Norway).” in http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/5/1809.pdf. Latest update 23 September 2015. ICJ (International Court of Justice). 1969. “North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal
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On the Natural Prolongation Principle of Outer Continental Shelf * Chi-ting Tsai**
Abstract In 2012, International Tribunal of Law of the Sea (“ITLOS”) issued its first maritime delimitation judgment on Bangladesh v. Myanmar. The said judgment raised a very important debate among both the academics and the judges about how to interpret the natural prolongation principle of continental shelf extended over 200 nautical miles provided in Article 76 of United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”). Some scholars argue that the natural prolongation principle has become only a political myth in UNCLOS after the said judgment, whereas some scholars argue that the importance of the principle is actually reconfirmed. Moreover, whether the natural prolongation principle is a natural “geomorphological” or “geological” principle also raised different opinions in the said judgment. This article aims to respond to this debate by analyzing various International Court of Justice’s judgments and outer continental shelf recommendations issued by the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in the recent years. There are three key research findings. Firstly, the concept of natural “geological” prolongation principle adopted in Bangladesh v. Myanmar case should be regarded as an exceptional situation, a result of the special circumstance of the Bay of Bengal provided by UNCLOS. Secondly, the natural prolongation principle is still an indispensable legal element provided in UNCLOS and not just a political myth. Third, geomorphological evidence plays an important
* DOI:10.6166/TJPS.65 (103-150) ** Assistant Professor, Department of Dolitical Science, National Taiwan University. E-mail: [email protected]
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probative function in the regime of outer continental shelf, which does not exclude geological evidence to be used in the natural prolongation principle and also preserves the stability of the common heritage of mankind in the area. Keywords: Continental Shelf, Natural Prolongation Principle, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, Area
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ၡ
ࢋ
઼ᅫঔ߶ڱल ٺ2012 ѐΐٛƟո९̚Ăಶঔ߶ࡗ̳ڱௐ 76 ୧γ̂ౙᒨᆸҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖĂд઼ᅫڱጯ͔ࠧ˞ኢĄొ̶ ጯ۰ᄮࠎҋؼҩࣧдώҿՙޢĂдঔ߶ڼ߆ߏ่̚ࡗ̳ڱਜ਼ޥĂ ొ̶ᄮࠎّࢋࢦజۺᄮĄ˫Ăҋؼҩࣧտᑕࠎҋгᄻٕгኳ ؼҩࣧĂ˵дώ९͔̚൴̙Тຍ֍Ąώ͛ᑭෛ઼ᅫੰڱҿՙᄃ̂ౙ ᒨᆸࠧࢨ؎ࣶົ۞ޙᛉ९ޢĂࢋѣˬ࣎ࡁտ൴னĄࢵАĂΐٛƟ ո९ᑕజෛࠎ࿅୧ࡗࡗ۞ؠপঅଐڶĂ҃ͽгኳᙋፂүࠎҋ ؼҩࣧ۞ᇾĄ˫Ăҋؼҩ̪ࣧߏᄮؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࢋޠڱ І҃ڼ߆ܧਜ਼ޥĄޢĂࠎჯҋؼҩࣧᄃડા۞ޘטᘦؠĂҋ гᄻڻҩࣧѣࢦࢋ۞ᙋፂᄲڇΑਕĂҭϏଵੵҋ۞гኳؼҩ ࣧĄ ᙯᔣෟĈ̂ౙᒨᆸăҋؼҩࣧă̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ؎ࣶົăડાޘט
* DOI:10.6166/TJPS.65 (103-150)Ą ** ઼ϲᄂ៉̂ጯ߆ڼጯրӄநିĂE-mail: [email protected]Ą ќቇ͟ഇĈ104 ѐ 6 ͡ 5 ͟ć఼࿅͟ഇĈ104 ѐ 9 ͡ 16 ͟
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ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ಥă݈֏ĈĶΐٛ v. ոထࠧҿՙķ ۞઼ᅫᙯܼᄃ઼ᅫࡦڱഀ 2012 ѐ઼ᅫঔ߶ڱलĞͽ˭ᖎჍ ITLOSğдΐٛƟո९ܑ̚ϯĂ ઼ثڻĞѩ९̚ࠎոğӎֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝ᝋӀĂ 1 ่ ᅮֶፂঔ߶ࡗ̳ڱĞUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea ͽ˭ᖎ Ⴭ UNCLOSğௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ഠఢؠĂᄮ̂ؠౙཙĞfoot of the continental slopeĂͽ˭ᖎჍ FOSğ۞ҜཉޢĂГֶፂྍഠఢ۞ؠĶ̳ёķထ̂ؠౙᙝ ۞γቡӈΞĂͦื҂ᇋྍγ̂ౙᒨᆸᄃ઼ثڻมШঔ̝˘ࢬٙؼҩ̝ౙ Ăᄃྍ̂ౙཙ̝มߏӎѣгᄻ۞ాᜈّĞITLOS, 2012ğĄೱ֏ ̝Ă઼ᅫঔ߶ڱलдྍ९̚ᄮࠎĶҋؼҩķд UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧̚Ăͦ үࠎ˘࣎ϲّ۞ҿᕝᇾĂ่ᅮಏ৷ͽߏӎѣĶ̂ౙཙķүࠎĶҋ ؼҩķ۞ᄮؠᇾĞITLOS, 2012ćMcDorman, 2013: 101-102ğĄ˫Ă઼ ᅫঔ߶ڱलдྍ९̚˵അྋᛖĂ̙Ķҋؼҩķ༊үϲᇾ۞ ྋᛖ͞ёĂؕЪ UNCLOS ࡗ઼ࠎ˞ᕖૺ̂ౙᒨᆸგᔑᝋ۞ϲڱϫ۞ ĞITLOS, 2012ğĄ̙࿅Ă၆઼ٺᅫঔ߶ڱलѩ˘ྋᛖ͞ёĂੵ˞дྍҿՙ ͔̚൴˞̙Тຍ֍۞ԲҿγĞITLOS, 2012ğĂ 2 дጯఙኢ͛̚˵͔൴ ̙Т۞ኢĞHuang & Liao, 2014ćKim, 2014: 383-384ćJia, 2013ćMcDorman, 2013ğĄ ְ၁˯ĂITLOS ۞ҿՙົ઼͔ᅫࢦ˯ڱෛ۞ࣧЯĂᄃΐٛ៉ώ֗ ጼரгҜ͟ৈࢦࢋѣᙯĄϦ֏̝ĂОޘдĶ߆୕ڌඉķ۞ጼரϫᇾ˭Ăᅮ 1
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ѣᙯঔ߶ ̚ࡗ̳ڱcontinental shelf ˘ෟ۞͛̚ᛌЩĂֶፂᓑЪ઼۞͛̚͞ءᖙᛌࠎ Ķ̂ౙߛķĂҭֶፂԧ઼Ķᛳགྷᑻঔા̈́̂ౙᒨᆸڱķᛌࠎĶ̂ౙᒨᆸķćώ͛д ѩଳԧ઼۞˯ޠڱᖙᛌࠎፂĄ˫Ăѣᙯҋؼҩ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞̂ౙᒨᆸϡᄬĂጯ ந˯ѣ۞ჍࠎĶγ̂ౙᒨᆸķĂѣ۞ჍࠎĶؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸķ֭ؠኢćώ͛ଳϡ ͧྵᖎ̼۞Ķγ̂ౙᒨᆸķ˘ෟĄ ּтĂ઼̝ءڱഅдϲຍ֍३ܑ̚ϯĂUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ഠߏͽгኳٕгᄻ ۞ాᜈّĂֽՙߏ઼ثڻؠӎֳѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞˘ีϲࢋ৵Ą
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
105
ࢋ఼࿅О߶ޘĂ֭ซˢ౫̱ϥঔदͽ఼ֲڌـঔાĄࠎቁܲྍঔ˯Ϲ఼ቢ ۞ึၰĂӈѣቁϲΐٛ៉ঔાထࠧ۞ࢦࢋᅮՐĞKhan, 2013ğĄ͍Ăܕ ѐ઼ֽ̙̚გߏঔ˯۞Ըडਕ˧Ăٕགྷᑻ๕˧۞ᚮుĂѝ̏ݑঔડા ֭ซˢО߶ޘĂ͔҃Оࢦޘ۞ع߆ޘෛĞSakhuja, 2010ğĄ၆ΐٛ ո઼ֽᄲĂܨᅮӀϡΐٛ៉ᖳಱ۞ϮྤڵĂͽ઼઼͚̰གྷ ᑻ൴ण۞ᅮࢋĄ͍Ă͟ώ˵д઼̚Я৵˭ĂᅮࢋᖣϤΐٛո઼Ă ᆧૻдΐٛ៉۞ᇆᜩ˧ĞSong, 2013ğĄЯѩĂΐٛ៉ዎ۞Оޘă ΐٛᄃոˬ઼ĂдЧҋ̙Т۞ጼரϫᇾ˭ĂᅮࢋቁϲЯ࠹ዐঔثቢٙ ౄј۞̙ቁؠঔાგᔑቑಛĄ͍Ăࡶΐٛ៉۞ᛳགྷᑻঔાٕ̂ౙᒨ ᆸ۞ؼҩቑಛ̙ځቁॡĂ˯ˬ઼۞ጼரϫᇾϺ၁ன۞ΞਕĄд˯г ቡ߆ڼᄃጼரϫᇾ۞݈೩˭Ăΐٛ៉ฉᙝˬ઼࣎छĂӮԓ୕࿅઼ᅫڱ ˯۞ՙ፟טĂጐԣቁϲΐٛ៉۞ঔાგᔑᝋĄ 3 ϫ݈Ăˬ઼࣎छ̏ གྷ̶ҾགྷϤҿՙٕЅĂቁϲˬ઼дΐٛ៉۞ᛳགྷᑻঔાᄃ̂ౙᒨᆸ ထࠧĂјࠎ઼ᅫᙯܼ˯Ω˘࣎јΑӀϡ઼ᅫ۞˯ڱՙ፟טĂྋՙထࠧۋ ბ֭Ξܳซঔા൴ण۞ࢦࢋ९ּĄ ώ͛˵ಶߏдѩҿՙ͔ٙ൴۞઼ᅫᙯܼᄃጯఙኢਔඛ˭Ă୬̶ژᄃ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩ̝ࣧጯᄲᄃҿՙĂ̙҃Г ݀ࢨ ྍٺ2012 ѐ઼ᅫঔ߶ڱल۞ҿՙĄՀࢦࢋ۰ĂၟҌ 2014 ѐࠎͤĂᓑ Ъ઼̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ؎ࣶົĞͽ˭ᖎჍ CLCSğ̏གྷ̳ο˞ 20 ࣎γ̂ౙᒨᆸ ޙᛉ९Ă༊̚˵ঘ̈́זధкᄃҋؼҩࣧ࠹ᙯ۞ޠڱྋᛖۋᛉયᗟĄᔵ CLCS ώ֗ߏϤҋࡊጯछٙј۞؎ࣶົĂҭࠎ˞ેҖ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ٙኬ̟۞ᖚᝋâਠᄮࠎдᖚᝋቑಛ̰Ϻֳѣ˘۞ؠ୧ࡗྋᛖᝋ˧ ĞHuang & Liao, 2014: 290ćMcDorman, 1995: 177-179ğĄ 4 ЯѩĂCLCS 3
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ΐ̶ٛҾᄃոОޘĂ࿅઼ᅫঔ߶ڱलᄃ૱నЅलĂд 2012 ᄃ 2014 ѐ࿅ ҿՙᄃЅĂԆјঔાထࠧĄҌٺώ͛ٙଣ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩયᗟĂࢋߏ 2012 ѐΐٛᄃո̝ม۞ۋޠڱᕇĄ҃дΐٛО̝ޘมĂѩۋᛉᕇ̏གྷ࿅೯ ͔ 2012 ѐ۞ҿՙྋՙĂ֭Ϗԛјྍ९̚۞ۋޠڱᛉĄ ଂϫ݈̂ొ̶ጯᄲ۞ૺֽ࠻ĂӮᄮࠎ CLCS ՟ѣϲ۞ڱᝋ˧Ăҭ၆ ٺCLCS ۞୧ࡗ ྋᛖड़˧ѣ̙Т࠻ڱĄѣ۞ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂߊ CLCS ӮϤޠڱܧጯछٙјĂٙࠎ ۞ޠڱྋᛖҋٲՁࡗ઼۞ड़˧Ąҭѣ۞ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂCLCS ߏ UNCLOS ࡗ઼ٙג ຍ౹ౄ۞͌ᇴ୧ࡗ፟ၹ̝˘Ăܑϯࡗ઼ѣຍឰ CLCS үࠎ˘࣎ѣࢨ۞វĂ֭၆̂
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
д̙Тޙᛉ९̚၆ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧۞ྋᛖĂ่̙ߏ઼ᅫڱ၁ኹ۞˘ొ̶Ă ˵எஎгᇆᜩ઼ثڻѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞ቑಛĄЯѩĂੵ˞ࡁտᄃҋ ؼҩࣧ࠹ᙯ۞ጯᄲᄃҿՙγĂώ͛˵ซ˘Վࡁտ CLCS ޙᛉ९͔ٙ̚ ൴۞ޠڱયᗟĄ ጐგԧ઼̙ߏ UNCLOS ۞ࡗ઼Ăॲڱፂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧೩Ϲγ ̂ౙᒨᆸੈिĂҭܑ̙֭ԧ઼ڱૺዎঔા۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛĄ͍ Ăࡶዐ۞઼ثڻܕγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ૺቑಛᄃԧ઼ሕд۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸૺ ቑಛࢦᝑĂ઼ٕ࿁ͅγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧॡĂԧ઼дγϹ˯̪ົ ଳפপ۞ؠᓏٕځԩᛉҖજĄ 5 ϤѩΞ֍Ă̙გߏѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸҋؼ ҩࣧ۞ጯᄲăҿՙٕ CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९Ăౌ၆ٺԧ઼ዎঔાሕд۞γ̂ ౙᒨᆸგᔑቑಛĂயϠ࠹༊எᅈ۞ᇆᜩĄ ώ͛۞ࢋߛၹщଵт˭Ĉௐ෮ొ̶ᖎ࿅ 200 ঔ֧ҋؼҩ۞γ ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞γቡࠧࢨထૄ۞ؠώߛޠڱၹĄௐણొ̶੫၆ҋؼҩࣧ̚ ٙᏜĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរķᇾ۞ޠڱྋᛖĂᄃ CLCS ۞ࢦࢋޙᛉ९ΐͽᄲځĄ ௐདྷొ̶ซ˘Վ̶ژᄮؠҋؼҩࣧγቡࠧࢨĶ̳ёቢķ̚Ăѣᙯ FOS ۞ޠڱዋϡࣧۋᛉĄௐЁొ̶ژ̶ҋؼҩࣧγቡࠧࢨĶࢨטቢķ ̚ĂѣᙯĶஎטࢨޘቢķᄃЧঔਖ۞ྋᛖ̶ᙷۋᛉĄௐౙొ̶ߏώ͛ ၆ٺٙѣ࠹ᙯޠڱྋᛖۋᛉ۞ෞژĂޢௐ߭ొ̶ߏώ͛۞ඕኢĄ
෮ăUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ ࠧࢨထૄ̝ؠώߛޠڱၹ ᔵ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧۞ૄώࢋІ࠻ҬԆፋĂҭЧีఢ۞ؠϲڱϫ۞
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ౙᒨᆸޘטயϠ˘ޠڱ۞ؠྋᛖ̝ྃ·ΑਕĄώ͛ͽࠎĂࡶ CLCS ాѣࢨ۞୧ࡗྋᛖ ᝋ˧ౌ՟ѣ۞ྖĂ઼ثڻӈ ͽڱCLCS ޙᛉ९үࠎѣड़ૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ۞ॲ ፂĄࠤͷĂUNCLOS ࡗ઼Հืдௐ 76 ୧ఢؠĂڻঔ઼д CLCS ޙᛉૄᖂ˯ٙထ ̂۞ؠౙᒨᆸࠧࢨĂѣቁٲّؠՁ˧Ą ּтĂγϹొഅд 2009 ѐ੫၆ֽҘֲᄃ۞ݑᓑЪᄃ۞ݑЧҾ೩९̚Ă൴ܑԧ઼ ၆ྍ೩९۞ᓏځӈߏ˘ּĞγϹొĂ2009ğĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
107
ٕϏځቁఢቑ̝Ă၆ҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖᄃ CLCS дᆶந઼ثڻ೩९ॡĂ ౌົౄј࠹༊ۋ۞ޘኢĄ˫Ăֶ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ᄃ CLCS ۞Ķࡊጯ ԫఙķĞCLCS Scientific and Technical Guidelines, CLCS Guidelinesğ ᄃޙᛉ९̰टӮΞ൴னĂώ୧۞ఢቑߛၹΞໄ̶ࠎ˭Еˬ࣎ՎូĈثڻ ઼ߏӎֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĞentitlementğĂٕ۰ߏӎ႕֖ ٙᏜĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾķ Ğtest of appurtenanceğĉтңᄮ̂ؠౙཙĉֶ ፂĶ̳ёቢķᄃĶࢨטቢķထ۞઼ثڻؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝ࠧࢨĉЯѩĂώ͛ ϺАֶፂѩߛၹĂᖎᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸѣᙯ̝Чีఢؠăϲڱϫ۞ᄃયᗟĂ ͽܮүࠎซ˘Վኢ۞ૄᖂĄ
˘ăߏ઼ثڻӎֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĉ ࢋቁᄮ˘࣎۞઼ثڻγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛ۞݈೩Ă༊ߏྍ઼υืͽ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ؕܐᝋӀࠎ݈೩ĄҌٺтңᄮؕܐྍؠᝋӀхдᄃ ӎĂUNCLOS ߏఢؠдௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ีĈ ڻঔ઼۞̂ౙᒨᆸΒ߁ᅳঔͽγֶౙгᅳ˿۞БొҋؼҩĂ ᕖण̂זౙᙝγቡ۞ঔغડા۞ঔԖ˿غĂтڍଂീზᅳঔᆵޘ ۞ૄቢณ̂זౙᙝ۞γቡ۞ᗓ̙ ז200 ঔ֧Ăᕖण ז200 ঔ ֧۞ᗓĄ ώีఢ۞ؠࢋϲڱϫ۞Ăߏ۞˯ޠڱγ̂ౙᒨᆸĂᄃгநٕгԛ ጯ˯۞̂ౙᙝ̟ͽડ̶Ą 6 ྕт઼ᅫঔ߶ڱलдΐٛƟո९ٙ̚ᄲĂ UNCLOS ࡗ઼۞ϲڱϫ۞ߏࠎ˞ᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋĂ̖ົѣௐ 76 ୧ᓄኑ ۞ఢؠĞITLOS, 2012ğĄώ୧ሀቘ҃Ϗ࿅ځޠڱቁΐͽؠཌྷ۞Ķҋؼ ҩķ˘ෟĂߏࠎ˞ឰ઼ثڻ࿅ᇅّ۞ྋᛖᄃᄮ͞ؠёĂֹౙгᅳ˿ᄃ ՟ˢঔ߶̚۞гۏயϠЪநాඕĂ҃ͽᕖૺ၆̂ౙᒨᆸ۞გᔑᝋӀĄ7 6
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ٙᏜгநጯ˯۞̂ౙᙝĂܼ̂ౙᒨᆸĞcontinental shelfğă̂ౙĞcontinental slopeğ ̂ౙૄĞcontinental riseğĂͷࢋߏͽঔͪஎޘᄃঔޘغүࠎࢋ۞̶ࠧቢĂᄃ ˯ޠڱ࿅ˠࠎ͞ёࠧ̂۞ؠౙᒨᆸᇾ̙ԆБ˘Ğ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ436ğĄ UNCLOS ̚ѣኜкሀቘ̙ځቁ۞୧ഠĂኜтफᑎޘטă̂ౙᒨᆸٕޘטঔાထࠧࣧ ඈĂӮߏ UNCLOS ኘҿॡڱ྿ځזቁВᙊĂ҃גຍ˭ሀቘ֭Ξឰࡗ઼࿅઼छ ၁ኹٕΦڱՙుՎԛјВᙊ۞୧ഠĄҌٺĶҋؼҩķ˘ෟĂ༊ܐд UNCLOS ̚˵
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ᑕڦຍ۰ĂĶҋؼҩķ˵Ξͽᄲߏ˘ࢨૄטᖂćϺӈĂтڍ՟ѣ Ъҋؼҩ۞ᇾĂ༊ಶ̙ਕֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĄЯѩĂ ߏ઼ثڻӎֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀٕྤॾĂᑕߏͽĶҋ ؼҩķ۞хдᄃӎࠎᇾĄ ˫ĂϤٺௐ 1 ี۞ϲڱϫ۞̝˘Ăߏࠎ˞ડҾгநጯᄃ̂˯ޠڱౙᒨ ᆸ۞ໄهĂЯѩĂUNCLOS дௐ 3 ีซ˘ՎଂĶгᄻķ۞֎ޘĂؠཌྷௐ 1 ี̂ౙᙝٙΒӣ۞̰टĈ ̂ౙᙝΒ߁ڻঔ઼ౙ՟ˢͪ̚۞ؼҩొ̶ĂϤ̂ౙᒨᆸăౙ ౙૄ۞ঔԖ˿غၹјĂι̙Β߁எ߶߶߶̈́غਖĂ˵̙Β߁ ˿غĄ ็гநጯ˯۞̂ౙᙝؠཌྷѣ˘۞ؠঔ߶எטࢨޘĂҭώี݈߱ߏଂĶг ᄻķ۞֎ޘĂ̂ౙᙝؠཌྷࠎ̂ౙᒨᆸăౙౙૄĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ 436-439ğĄ༊ܐଳפĶгᄻķ۞ೡّؠཌྷĂࢋߏͽΔ̂Ҙ߶۞ౙ ؼҩĂүࠎώีĶ̂ౙᙝķ۞ĶࣧݭķໄهĞPinto, 2013: 231ğĂ˵Я ѩౄј͟ޢᄮؠঔ߶ડા۞̂ౙᒨᆸߏӎѣҋؼҩ۞ౙॡĂய Ϡޠڱྋᛖ˯ᄃࡊጯᄮ۞ؠᙱᗟć࠹ᙯᙱᗟኛटޢГĄ ѩγĂώี۞߱ޢϲڱϫ۞Ăࢋߏఢቑ̂ౙᒨᆸᄃĶડાķม۞Ķந ຐķ̶ࠧቢĄUNCLOS ۞ਨ۰ૄڕٺၹౄநኢĂ̂˯ડાᄮࠎؠ ঔ߶ڕĂ̂ౙᙝ̂ࠎౙڕĄ 8 ЯѩĂࡶ઼ֳثڻѣҋؼҩ۞γ̂ ౙᒨᆸĂд༥זᛳٺঔ߶ڕ۞Чᙷঔ߶гۏॡĂࣧ˯ᑕజଵੵٺγ̂ ౙᒨᆸ۞ቑಛ̝γĄ 9 ώี߱ޢЯ҃ఢؠஎ߶߶غăஎ߶߶ਖᄃ˿غĂౌ
8
9
՟ѣځቁఢؠᄮؠᇾĂੵ˞ࠎ˞ឰ઼࣎ثڻΞͽᕖૺሕд۞ঔાგᔑᝋγĂ˵ ߏԓጔ࿅ CLCS ޙᛉ९۞၁ኹĂుՎ᎕̙ૉځቁ۞ĶҋؼҩķໄهĞTanaka, 2013: 133-135ğĄ ڕၹౄநኢ˭ѣᙯঔ߶ᄃ̂ౙгഥߏᛳٺгநጯ˯۞ໄهĂ֭̂˯ޠڱܧౙᒨᆸ۞ ࢋ̶ࠧᇾĄҭߏĂ࿅ঔ߶ᄃ̂ౙгഥໄ۞˯هડ̶ĂᑕΞᄲߏѣᙯౙгᅳ ˿ΞĶҋؼҩķቑಛ۞ࣧݭĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ436ğĄ ᔵᛳٺঔ߶ڕ۞гۏᑕྍజଵੵд઼छֳٙѣ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ቑಛ̰ĂҭтТ ώ݈͛ૻአ۰ĂϤ ٺUNCLOS ۞̂ౙᒨᆸᛳ˯ޠڱٺໄهĂЯѩొ̶ᛳٺঔ߶ڕ ۞гۏĂдົ̪˯ޠڱజৼˢ઼छγ̂ౙᒨᆸგᔑᝋĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
109
జଵੵдγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ቑಛ̝γĄҭߏĂUNCLOS ֭՟ѣซ˘Վ၆எ߶߶ ߶ٕغਖؠཌྷĂౄј͟ ޢCLCS дᆶந۞઼ثڻγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९Ğ͍ߏ ߶ਖ˯۞फᑎγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ğॡĂዎ࿃̙זТ۞߄ጼٕԲҿćТᇹгĂ ࠹ᙯ߄ጼٕԲҿኛटޢГĄ
˟ăтңထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡࠧࢨĉ ࡶ઼ثڻ႕֖݈ͽҋؼҩౙࠎ͕̚۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾֳ҃ѣ γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀྤॾޢĂӈᑕซ˘Վቁᄮֳٙѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ̝ γቡቑಛĄUNCLOS ၆ٺထؠ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡࠧࢨ͞ёĂ ߏͽ࿅ FOS ࠎ͕̚Ăֶፂ˘̳۞ؠёထؠγቡĄೱ֏̝Ăтңྋᛖٕ ᄮؠௐ 76 ୧۞ FOSĂߏထؠγቡࠧࢨ۞݈೩ĄЯѩĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ี (b) ఢؠĈд՟ѣ࠹ͅᙋ۞ځଐԛ˭Ă̂ౙཙᑕ̂ࠎؠౙޘغតજ ̝̂ᕇĄࡶॲፂௐ 4 ี (b) ቁ ؠFOS ޢĂซ˘Վֶፂ˭ (a) ̝ఢؠĂ ထؠγቡቢĈ ࠎώ̳ࡗ۞ϫ۞Ăд̂ౙᙝଂീზᅳঔᆵૄ۞ޘቢณ࿅˟Ѻঔ ֧۞Їңଐԛ˭Ăڻঔ઼ᑕͽ˭Е͞ё̝˘Ăထ̂ؠౙᙝ۞γ ቡĈ(1) ௐ 7 ഠĂͽγЧؠᕇࠎထࠧؠቢĂՏ˘ؠᕇ˯Օ᎕ ޘݓجҌ͌ࠎଂྍᕇҌ̂ౙཙൺᗓ۞Ѻ̶̝˘ćٕ (2) ௐ 7 ഠĂͽᗓ̂ౙཙ۞ᗓ̙࿅ 60 ঔ֧۞ЧؠᕇࠎထࠧؠቢĄ ˯ఢؠд CLCS Guidelines ̚˫జჍࠎĶ̳ёቢķć10 ϺӈĂͽ FOS ࠎᙯ ᔣᕇĂΐ˯˘۞ؠᗓٕՕ᎕ޘݓجᄃ FOS ᗓ۞ּͧĂᄮ̂ؠౙᙝ۞γ ቡࠧࢨĄೱ֏̝ĂUNCLOS ͽ FOS ࠎᙯᔣᕇ۞Ķ̳ёቢķΞᄲߏࠎ˞ቁ ᄮྍྤॾ۞ሕдቑಛૄᖂĄ ώีѣีࢋϲڱϫ۞Ąௐ˘Ăͽ FOS ࠎᙯᔣᕇĂࢋߏ༊ॡ۞ࡊ ጯࡁտᄮࠎĂ̂ౙᒨᆸ˭۞Օ᎕جĂ̂ొЊౌਕૉͽ FOS ࠎૄᕇĂቁᄮ 10
ࣧ͛ఢ ࠎؠCLCS Guidelines 2.1.4: The second provision, contained in paragraph 4 (a) (i) and (ii), subject to paragraphs 5 and 6, determines the position of the outer limit of the continental margin by means of a complex formula based on four rules. Two of these rules are affirmative and the remaining two are negative. The two positive rules, herein referred to as formulae, are connected through an inclusive disjunction…. (CLCS, 1999).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ࢋ۞Օ᎕جቑಛĞPersand, 2005: 16-17ğ Ą˫Ăώีٙఢቑ۞̳ёቢĂ ߏࠎ˞ឰ̙ٺૄ઼ثڻТ۞ঔغгԛٕгኳଐڶĂҋҖᏴፄѣӀٺ ᕖૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ቑಛٙࢎؠĄ 11 ௐ˟Ăт݈ٙĂϤ ٺUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ࢋߏͽΔ̂Ҙ߶̂ౙᒨᆸࠎࣧݭĞણ֍ဦ 1ğĂٙͽώีߏଂĶгᄻķ ֎ؠޘཌྷ FOSĂߏ̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇĄҭߏĂдঔા۞̂ౙᒨ ᆸѣॡ࣏՟ѣځព۞ౙᄃౙૄᖼԶĂӈۡତซˢஎ߶߶غćٕ۰Ăࢋ Օ᎕ߏ̙֭جхдٺĶгᄻķ˯ FOS ۞̳ёቢቑಛ̰Ąֱ̙ቁ۞ؠঔ߶ гԛЯ৵ĂౌѣΞਕౄјͽΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёࠎࣧ ۞ݭFOS ؠཌྷĂڱЪ UNCLOS ࡗ઼ࠎ˞ᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋ۞ϫ۞Ą12 ЯѩĂώี (b) ΩγఢؠĂ ઼ثڻΞͽଳϡĶ̂ܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇķĂүࠎ̳ёቢ۞ᙯᔣ FOSĄ ဦ1
Δ̂Ҙ߶ሀё̂ౙᒨᆸဦ
ྤफ़ֽĈPinto (2013: 231)
11
12
ଂࢎؠ̳ёឰࡗ઼Ᏼፄ۞֎ֽޘᄲĂᄃ ITLOS ٙᏜ઼छᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋ۞ϫ۞ ࠹Ą̙࿅Ă၆ٺѩᏴፄᙯܼ۞ޠڱྋᛖࢨטĂώ͛д˭Ķౙăˬķѣซ˘Վ۞ԲҿĄ ΐٛ៉̂ౙᒨᆸ۞পঅгኳᄃгᄻଐڶĂӈߏᄃΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀё̂ౙᒨᆸमкĂ ҭ၁ᅫ˯ྍঔાቁ၁ѣՕ᎕جᆸ۞ᙋፂĄ༊ĂϤٺΐٛ៉̙֭ߏ˘̙ЪΔ ̂Ҙ߶ሀё̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ঔાĂЯѩࠎ˞Ъ઼छΞͽᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋ۞ϫ۞ĂUNCLOS υืѣ̙ТٺΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀё̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ఢؠćҭ˵Яѩटٽౄјޠڱዋϡ˯۞ۋᛉĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
111
̙࿅ĂдዋϡώีఢؠॡĂटٽயϠҌ͌ޠڱ࣎ྋᛖ˯۞ۋኢĄࢵ АĂFOS ᄃౙมᑕྍѣࣹ˘ݭٕޘၗ۞ాඕĂΞజᄮࠎѣҋ ؼҩĉѨĂт઼ثڻڍΞͽЇຍᏴፄ̳ёቢͽᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋĂ֤ ઼ثڻΞӎд̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ۞Ķ૱ၗ FOSķ Ăᄃѣ࠹ͅᙋ۞ځ Ķܧ૱ၗ FOSķ̝มЇຍᏴፄĉᖎ֏̝Ăώี (a) ᄃ (b) ߏĶࣧᄃּγ ᙯܼķٕĶᏴፄᙯܼķ Ăଂώีڱځቁ۞ඕኢĞSuarez, 2008: 154-155ğ Ą ࣎дώี̚՟ѣځቁఢቑ۞યᗟĂ˵јࠎ͟ ޢCLCS дᆶந઼ثڻ೩ ९ॡ۞ۋᛉćТᇹгĂ࠹ᙯۋᛉኛटޢᄲځĄ
ˬăγ̂ౙᒨᆸγቡࠧቢ̝ࢨט ᔵ઼ֶثڻፂௐ 4 ีĶ̳ёቢķထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡቢĂҭ ܑ̙ϯ઼ثڻӈΞॲፂĶ̳ёቢķ୮ࢨטгᕖૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸĂͽҺ ᗼĶડાķޘטٙ୬᜕ܲ۞ˠᙷВТᚶٚੑயĂٕౄјՀк۞઼छม̙π ඈன෪Ą 13 ЯѩĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 5 ᄃௐ 6 ีఢؠĈ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 5 ีᄃௐ 6 ีĈјௐ 4 ഠ (a) ี (1) ( 2) ϫထ̂۞ؠౙᒨᆸдঔԖ˯۞γొࠧቢ۞ЧؠᕇĂ̙ᑕ࿅ଂീზ ᅳঔᆵૄ۞ޘቢณ 350 ঔ֧Ăٕ̙ᑕ࿅ాତ 2,500 ̳͎எޘЧ ᕇ۞ 2,500 ̳͎ඈஎቢ 100 ঔ֧Ą ᔵѣௐ 5 ഠ۞ఢؠĂдঔ߶غਖ˯۞̂ౙᒨᆸγొࠧࢨ̙ᑕ࿅ଂ ീზᅳঔᆵૄ۞ޘቢณ 350 ঔ֧Ąώഠఢ̙ؠዋϡٺүࠎ̂ౙᙝ ҋၹјొ̶۞ঔέăঔษăঔपăຳᝎыඈঔغгĄ ѩีఢؠд CLCS Guidelines ̚˫జჍࠎĶࢨטቢķć14 ϺӈĂ၆݈ٺ 13
14
༊ ܐUNCLOS ࡗ઼ົᛉኘҿॡĂధкΞਕ̙ѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞઼ثڻ ͽ̈́ঔ߶ฟ൴ਕ˧ྵར઼۞ޢछĂӈፉ͕ࡶځቁ۞ࢨטఢؠĂΞਕౄјᖞঔ߶ڱ ̳ࡗ̚Ăѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛܼͽĶฟ൴ΞਕّķᇾүࠎγొࢨטĂౄј઼छมՀ ̙πඈ۞ֶڶېົனĄЯѩĂੵ˞ࢎ۞˯ؠĶ̳ёቢķ̝γĂ˵Ωγֶؠځ ፂ̳ёቢ۞γొĶࢨטቢķĞTanaka, 2013: 136-137ğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 2.1.7: The extent of the outer envelope formed by the lines derived from the two formulae is restricted by a line derived from the two negative rules, herein referred to as constraints, which are connected by another inclusive disjunction (CLCS, 1999).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
Ķ̳ёቢķٙԛј۞ሕдγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛĂͽĶᗓķٕĶஎޘķ۞͞ё ΐͽࢨטĂͽᔖҺγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ؼҩቑಛ࿅ܜĂᗼ UNCLOS ܲхˠᙷВ Тᚶٚੑய۞Ꮚπϫ۞Ą ՀវгᄲĂĶࢨטቢķࢋѣีϲڱϫ۞Ąௐ˘ĂᔵЩࠎĶࢨ טቢķĂҭдਨᑢѩีఢؠॡĂΞ࠻ֱࢨטቢ̂ͅᑕ˞ˠᙷ༊ॡ дࡊጯԫఙ˯ĂΞฟ൴۞̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ462ă467ğĄЯ ѩĂѩีఢ˞ੵؠௐ 6 ี݈߱۞ఢؠγĂӮኬ઼̟ثڻΞҋϤᏴፄٕ ЪͽĶᗓķٕĶஎޘķࠎᇾ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝ࢨטቢĄೱ֏̝ĂҬͼ ̪ѣᕖૺ઼ثڻঔાგᔑᝋ۞ϲڱϫ۞Ąௐ˟Ăҭߏௐ 6 ี၆߶ٺਖ ѣͧྵځព۞ࢨטຍᏜĄྍี݈߱ఢؠঔ߶غਖ่ਕᏴፄĶᗓࢨט ቢķĂͧྵЪࢨ઼ثڻט࿅ޘᕖૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ϲڱϫ۞ĄϤٺঔ̙̚ Тᙷ߶۞ݭਖٙΞਕҋؼҩ۞ቑಛܜޝĂٙͽ၆̙ٺᛳٺஎ߶߶ਖ Ğoceanic ridgeğ۞ঔ߶غਖĞsubmarine ridgeğĂ̙ឰ઼ثڻᏴፄĶஎޘķ ࢨטቢᇾĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ455ğĄҭ၆఼ٺ૱̙ົؼҩቑಛ࿅ܜĂᛳٺ ߶ਖѨᙷ۞ݭĶঔغгķ Ğsubmarine elevationğ Ă˫ኬ઼̟ثڻΞᏴፄĶஎ ޘķٕĶᗓķࢨ۞טᝋӀĞSuarez, 2008: 162-164ğĄ
15
ְ၁˯ĂѣᙯีĶࢨטቢķఢޠڱ۞ؠྋᛖд CLCS ᆶந઼ثڻ ೩९ॡĂܧ૱टٽዎ࿃זௐ 6 ีĶঔغгķᄃĶঔ߶غਖķٕ۰Ķঔغ ߶ਖķᄃĶஎ߶߶ਖķ۞̶ᙷયᗟĄᔵώีᖣϤּϯ͞ёఢؠĶঔغ гķΒӣঔέăঔษăঔपăຳᝎыĶඈķĂҭৌϒᏰҾߏӎᛳٺঔ غгĶඈķᄃĶঔ߶غਖķ۞၁ኳᇾĂտౣߏгኳٕгᄻᙋፂĂдώ ีఢ̝;̚ؠᗒтĄ˫ĂϤٺௐ 3 ี՟ѣؠཌྷĶஎ߶߶ਖᄃ߶غķĂͽҌ ٺડҾᄃĶঔ߶غਖķ۞၁ኳᇾ˵՟ѣఢؠĄϤѩΞ֍ĂĶஎޘķᄃ Ķᗓķࢨטቢ۞ఢؠĂд༥߶זਖॡĂटٽ൴Ϡኜкޠڱྋᛖ۞߄ ጼćТᇹгĂ࠹ᙯયᗟटޢГࠎᄲځĄ
15
Ϥٺώ߱ٙ೩̙۞זТঔਖᙷݭĂঘ̈́ྵࠎኑᗔͷጯᄲ˯Ϗѣؠኢ۞ޠڱྋᛖ̶ٕ ᙷĂώ͛д˭Ķౙăαķѣซ˘Վ۞ᄲځĂٺѩᇶॡ̙ᄲ̙ځТঔਖΞਕ۞̶ᙷ͞ёĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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ણăҋؼҩࣧᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ ထؠՎូ̝ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ ˘ăѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾ۞ޠڱྋᛖ тௐ෮ొ̶ٙĂ઼ثڻ୬ֳѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĂυืЪ CLCS Guidelines ٙ̚ᏜĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរķࢋІĄೱ֏̝Ă઼ثڻᑕᙋځѣ ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ഠఢؠҋؼҩ֭՟ˢͪ̚۞ౙгᅳ˿ĄГซ˘ՎϤௐ 76 ୧ ௐ 1 ഠᄃௐ 3 ഠ۞ఢؠΞۢĂྍౙгᅳ˿ҋؼҩ۞ቑಛĂΞؼҩҌ̂ ౙᙝγቡࠎͤĄ˫Ăߊௐ 3 ี̂ؠځౙᙝߏڻঔ઼ౙ՟ˢͪ̚۞Ķؼ ҩķొ̶Ă֤ಶܑϯௐ 1 ีٙᏜ۞ҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸĂυืߏଂڻঔ઼ౙ ՟ˢͪ҃̚ĶؼҩķΝ۞гۏĄώ͛ͽࠎĂтѩྋᛖௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ഠᄃ ௐ 3 ഠ۞ᙯܼĂ่̙ၓព ICJ дΔঔ̂ౙᒨᆸ९̚ૻአĶዐّܕķ̙֭ߏ ֳѣ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞ૄᖂγĞICJ, 1969ğĂ˵̖Ъ UNCLOS ۞ౙг͚੨ ঔ߶ࣧĞKunoy, 2012: 71-72ćElferink, 2006: 275-277ğ ĄЯѩĂᔵ UNCLOS ՟ѣĶҋؼҩķ۞ؠཌྷĂҭҌ͌υืᄃౙгѣĶߙޘķ۞ాඕĂ ӎॲώ࿁ͅĶౙг͚੨ঔ߶ķ۞ૄώ྆ڱĄ
16
ࡶ̂ౙᒨᆸυืᄃౙгѣߙ۞ޘĶాඕķĂߏ႕֖ҋؼҩ̚۞ ĶؼҩķࢋІĂ֤ᆃĂтңྋᛖĶߙޘķ۞ాඕĂᑕྍߏҋؼҩ̚ ѣᙯĶҋķ۞ࢋІĄଂಏ৷۞͛ཌྷྋᛖֽ࠻ĂUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ี ٙᏜ۞Ķౙгᅳ˿ķĂ֭Ϗؠཌྷߏӎᑕྍ႕֖˘۞ؠҋгநٕгኳ˯୧ ІĄּтĂྍౙгᅳ˿υืдĶҋķ୧І˯ߏӎᑕᛳٺгኳ˯۞Ķ̂ౙ ڕķĂ̖ਕૉజჍࠎĶౙгķᅳ˿ؕ႕֖ĶҋķؼҩĉUNCLOS إϏ ϒёϠड़݈ĂICJ ѝд 1976 ѐ۞ԓᘷƟ˿҅ຑൣঔ̂ౙᒨᆸ९̚Ăܑϯ
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ְ၁˯Ăѣᙯҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ڱந൴ण።Ϋ̚ĂĶౙг͚੨ঔ߶ࣧķΞᄲߏ ८͕۞൴णؕᕇĄੵ˞ώ͛ٙ̚೩۞זԓᘷຑൣঔᄃΔঔ̂ౙᒨᆸ९̝γĂ̙გߏ ăٕ۰۞ܕΙ྿͐ڒঔાထࠧ९ĞICJ, 2002ğඈĂ Հѝ۞ࡻ઼ॗރႢຽ९ĞICJ, 1951ğ ઼ᅫੰڱӮѣᛚᛖĶౙг͚੨ঔ߶ࣧķᄃҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᙯᓑĄ
114
ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ֳѣ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞ࢦᕇĂߏ۞઼ثڻঔثᅳ˿ᄃ՟ˢͪ̚۞ౙ̝มѣ Ķۡତķ۞ాඕӈΞĞICJ, 1978ğĄ˫ĂТᇹ۞ۋᛉĂ˵അགྷд UNCLOS ࡗົᛉ̚జ೩ֽĞSuarez, 2008: 144-145ğĄдਨᑢௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ีॡĂ ࡗ઼ܑഅགྷۋኢٙᏜĶౙгᅳ˿ķĂߏӎᑕࢨᒺдᛳٺгኳ˯Ķ̂ౙ ڕķ۞ౙĞcontinental land massğĄҭ̂ొ̶ࡗ઼ܑᄮࠎĂΪࢋᄃ ౙгᅳ˿มѣۡତాତ۞ౙĞland massğӈΞĂ̙҃યߏӎᛳ̂ٺౙ ڕّኳĄ 17 ޢĂд ICJ ొ̶̂ౙᒨᆸ९ּ̚˵Ăࡶ୬ᙋځѣ ࿅ 200 ঔ֧ҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᒨᆸĂ઼ثڻΞᏴፄૄٺгᄻٕгኳᙋፂĂᙋ ߏځౙгౙ۞ҋؼҩӈΞĄ 18 ЯѩĂٙᏜҋؼҩ۞ĶҋķĂᑕ ྋᛖࠎѣĶۡତķాඕ̝ຍĄೱ֏̝Ă઼ثڻΞ࿅̙Т۞гᄻٕгኳ ᙋፂĂᙋͪ̚ྍځౙᄃౙгᅳ˿ѣĶۡତķ۞ĶాඕķĂಶܑϯѣĶҋ ķ۞Ķؼҩķ̂ౙᒨᆸĄ
˟ăCLCS ޙᛉ९̝၁ኹ ଂ˯ᄲځΞۢĂĶҋؼҩķߏឰٺૄ઼ثڻгᄻٕгኳᙋፂĂᙋ ځѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞ҋؼҩౙĄҭ̙ኢߏ UNCLOS ઼ٕᅫੰڱĂ ӮϏซ˘ՎఢؠгᄻٕгኳᙋፂĂң۰ᑕᐹАዋϡĄᔵ CLCS Guidelines 2.2.7 ୧̚ఢؠĂ઼ثڻ୬ᙋځѣҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᒨᆸĂ่ਕͽгᄻг ኳᙋፂΐͽᙋځĂҭྍ୧˵՟ѣఢؠгᄻᄃгኳᙋፂม۞ዋϡᙯܼĄ̙࿅Ă 17
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ѣᙯ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧̙યĶౙгᅳ˿ķٕĶౙķّኳ۞ྋᛖĂд CLCS Guidelines 7.2.9 ୧ఢ̚ؠĂ˫జჍࠎĶڕّ̚ķࣧĄࡶ UNCLOS Ϗତৼڕّࣧ̚ྖ۞Ă ௐ 48 ୧۞ཏफ઼ٕޘטௐ 121 ୧۞फᑎޘטĂಶΞਕεΝ༊ॡ۞ؠטϲڱϫ۞Ą͍ ଂгኳ୧ІֽᄲĂధкঔ߶̚फᑎ۞ҋؼҩౙĂߏᛳٺঔ߶҃̂ܧౙڕّኳĄ ࡶ UNCLOS ซ˘Վౙّኳࢨ̂ٺౙڕĂ̙Ӏٺధкૄٺफᑎٙૺ̝γ̂ ౙᒨᆸ઼छĄЯѩĂUNCLOS ࿅ޠڱᑢ͞טёĂٚᄮΪࢋᄃ۞઼ثڻᅳ˿ۡତ࠹ా ̙҃યгኳ୧ІĂૄޠڱٺĞipso jureğӈΞֳѣ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝გᔑᝋӀĂ˵̖Ъ ࡗ઼༊ॡᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋϫ۞Ą ּтĂICJ дࡎκҘֲᄃӀֲͧ۞̂ౙᒨᆸထࠧ९̚Ă೩̙זგߏгኳăгᄻٕ гۏநᙋፂĂᙋځᄃౙѣۡତాඕĂӮΞүࠎᙋځҋؼҩхд۞ૄᖂĞICJ, 1982ğĄ˫ĂдӀֲͧᄃႬ۞̂ౙᒨᆸထࠧ९̚ĂдϏ֖ 200 ঔ֧۞̂ౙ ᒨᆸଐ˭ڶĂᑕዋϡᗓᇾćҭࡶ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĂ̪ᑕͽҋࡊጯ͞ ёᙋځҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞хдĞICJ, 1985ğĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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д 2010 ѐ͔ࡻ઼߆عԩᛉ۞ࡻ઼ֲڗफ۞ޙᛉ९ޢĂCLCS ͽгᄻᙋ ፂүࠎᄮؠѣҋؼҩ۞ࢋᇾĄд CLCS ٙѣ۞ޙᛉ९̚Ăϫ݈В ѣˬ࣎೩९ӈߏૄͻٺгᄻ˯۞ҋؼҩౙࠎϤĂ҃జ CLCS ӎՙ ೩९ćͽ˭ӈซ˘Վᄲ̝ځĄ
ᨧ 2010 ѐࡻ઼ֲڗफޙᛉ९19 ֲڗफܼҜ̂ٺҘ߶̚߶ਖ˯۞˘࣎फᑎĂࡻ઼ૺᔵྍफᑎ ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖม՟ѣځពгᄻ˯۞ాᜈĂҭݒѣгኳ˯۞ాᜈّĂ҃ᑕ ѣҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᒨᆸĞCLCS, 2010ağĄҭߏ CLCS дޙᛉ९̚ᄮࠎĂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 3 ഠఢ̂۞ؠౙᙝࢋІĂΒ߁Ķ̂ౙᒨᆸăౙౙ ૄ۞ঔԖ˿غķĂͷĶ̙Β߁எ߶߶߶̈́غਖČČ˿غķඈĂߏ˘ ঔغгᄻ̝ఢؠĞCLCS, 2010ağĄЯѩĂдᏰᄮѣ՟ѣҋؼҩ۞γ̂ ౙᒨᆸॡĂᑕྍͽгᄻᙋፂࠎᐹАࣧĄҭଂ CLCS ޙᛉ९ĞCLCS, 2010ağ ͽ̈́ࡻ઼۞ޢԩᛉΞۢĞCLCS, 2010ağ Ăࡻ઼ૻአ UNCLOS ੵ˞ͽгᄻ ᙋፂᄮؠѣҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᒨᆸγĂ˵ͽгኳᙋፂᙋځĶݭܧķ۞ ҋؼҩĄ20 ଂޠڱఢ֏҃ޘ֎۞ؠĂࡻ઼߆ ݈ܼعCLCS Guidelines 2.2.7 ٕࠤҌ 6.2 ୧ఢؠĂӮ̯ధ೩९઼дгᄻᙋፂͽγĂͽгኳᙋፂᙋ ځҋؼҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸٕᝋӀቑಛĄ21 ЯѩĂࡻ઼Ҭͼߏдయ CLCS дֲڗफޙᛉ९̚Ăͽгᄻүࠎᄮؠҋؼҩ۞ࢋᇾĂ̏࿁ͅ 19
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ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Respect of Ascension Island (CLCS, 2010a). ٙᏜĶݭܧķ۞ҋؼҩĂ༊̙֭ߏ UNCLOS ٕ CLCS ۞ϡᄬĄώ͛ჍࠎĶܧ ݭķĂੵ˞ܑϯࡻ઼۞ૺᄃ CLCS ͽĶгᄻķࠎ͕̚۞ྋᛖ̙ТγĂ˵݈ٙ Ꮬ۞ݭΔ̂Ҙ߶̂ౙᒨᆸѣ̙ٙТĄೱ֏̝Ăࡻ઼ѣᙯֲڗफ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸૺĂ ၁ኳ˯ΐٛ៉ঔાᙝ઼छ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸૺநϤ࠹ҬĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.2.5. It is difficult to generalize the geological and geomorphological parameters that a coastal State may consider to establish the foot of the continental slope at its base by means of evidence to the contrary to the general rule. However, some examples and definitions are presented here based on evidence provided by plate tectonics. The Commission is well aware that these considerations may not exhaust all possible geological and geomorphologic types of continental margins as examples (CLCS, 1999).
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ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ٕ CLCS Guidelines ឰ઼ֳثڻѣᇅّᏴፄͽгᄻٕгኳ ᙋፂᙋځҋؼҩ̝ࣧϫ۞Ą
ᨨ 2011 ѐ͐Ҙޙᛉ९22 дࡻ઼ֲڗफޙᛉ९ޢĂCLCS дѐГѨͽϏ႕֖гᄻాᜈّந ϤĂӎՙ͐Ҙٙ೩۞ొ̶ડા̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९Ąវ҃֏Ă͐ҘТॡ ͽгᄻᄃՕ᎕ۏгኳᙋፂĂ୬ᙋ઼ྍځд Northern Brazilian (NB) ડા۞ NB ঔਖĂߏྍ઼ҋؼҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĞCLCS, 2011ğĄҭߏĂCLCS ᄮ ࠎ͐Ҙٙ೩۞̂ౙغҜཉĂ̏གྷߏд 3000 ̳͎எ̝எ߶ડાĞCLCS, 2011ğĄೱ֏̝ĂCLCS ᄮࠎྍҜཉдгᄻ˯̏གྷயϠځព۞ᕝෘĂᄃ NB ঔਖ̝ม֭гᄻ˯۞ాᜈّĞCLCS, 2011ğĄΩ˘͞ࢬĂCLCS ᄮࠎ͐Ҙ ٙ೩۞Օ᎕ۏᙋፂĂϤٺᄃ͐Ҙ۞ౙ̝ม̙ѣాᜈّĂ˵ӎՙ ˞ NB ડા۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ĞCLCS, 2011ğĄଂώ९ҬΞ࠻ᄃ݈ࡻ઼ ֲڗफޙᛉ९࠹ТĂᔵ CLCS Guidelines ఢؠٙᏜĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរķ ᇾϺΞ҂ᇋгኳ୧ІĂҭ CLCS Ҭᄮࠎгᄻ̖ߏᐹАᙋځ୧ІĂ ᙷᙋፂ۞ଯኢ่ٺاᅃӄّ۞֎ҒĄ 23
ᨩ 2012 ѐ͟ώޙᛉ९24 CLCS ღତд͐Ҙޙᛉ९۞ޢѐĂ˵ͽͻгᄻ˯۞ҋؼҩᙋፂ ࠎநϤĂӎՙ˞͟ώк۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९Ą 25 វ҃֏Ă͟ώд೩९ 22
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ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Brazil on 17 May 2004 of Information on the Proposed Outer Limits of Its Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles (CLCS, 2011). Ωࣃڦຍ۰ĂCLCS дώޙᛉ९̚ᔘ೩זĂᔵ͐Ҙૺ NB ડા۞гኳᙋፂҬͼ ͧгᄻᙋፂĂՀਕᙋ ځNB ঔਖߏ͐Ҙౙ۞ҋؼҩĂҭ CLCS ᄮࠎгኳᙋፂᄃг ᄻ̙֭˘ĂЯ҃ӎՙ˞͐Ҙѩ˘ૺĞCLCS, 2011ğĄ ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Japan on 12 November 2008 (CLCS, 2012a). ͟ώ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९̚۞гЩĂঘ̈́ᑕֹϡᖙᛌࠎࡻٕ͛͛̚гЩ۞યᗟĄώ͛д ѩֶፂઠЩᆶߤˠ۞ޙᛉĂѣᙯ͟ώ۞ᛌЩଳϡ͛̚ᖙᛌĂٺѩЪАୃځĄ
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̚Вѣ˛γ̂ౙᒨᆸҜཉĂ҃ݑ̚౧फડĞMinami-Tori Shima Island Regionğᄃࡷ͢ঔ̋ડĞMogi Seamount Regionğ۞೩९Ăӈߏૄٺ ͻгᄻ˯۞ҋؼҩᙋፂࠎϤ҃జ CLCS ӎՙĄϦ֏̝Ă͟ώૺݑ౧फ ડ۞ঔ̋غཏĞseamount groupğᄃݑ౧फ̝มѣాᜈّĂֳ҃ѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸĄҭ CLCS дޙᛉ९̚ĂϤݑٺ౧फડ۞ঔغ ̋ཏᄃݑ౧फมĂౌߏஎ ٺ̬ޘ5,700Ƃ6,200 ̳͎எ̝ͪા҃՟ѣځពษ ۞гాۏତĂЯѩଂгᄻ˯ֽᄲ̙֭ߏݑ౧फ̝ҋؼҩౙĞCLCS, 2012ağĄ ˫Ăд˯ࡷ͢ঔ̋ડ೩९̚Ă͟ώૺˣˮफĞHachijo Shima Islandğ ᄃࡷ͢ঔ̋ડ̝มĂЯࠎхд˛फůᒥफĞShichito-Io ToğঔਖĂֹˣˮ फᄃࡷ͢ঔ̋ડѣгᄻ˯۞ۡତాତĞCLCS, 2012ağĄ 26 ੵѩ̝γĂ͟ ώ˵ͽгኳᙋፂྃ·ѣۡତాତ۞ૺĄҭ CLCS дޙᛉ९̚ Ă͟ώٙ۞˛फůᒥफঔਖޘĂଂгᄻ˯ֽᄲ֭Ϗځពٺ ྍঔغડા۞ޘĂΪߏஎ߶߶غώ֗˘ਠّ۞Єត̼ĞCLCS, 2012ağ Ą ЯѩĂࡷ͢ঔ̋ડ۞ঔ̋غཏĂ̙֭ߏ͟ώౙгᅳ˿ҋؼҩ۞ౙĄ
ˬă̈ඕ ଂͽ˯၆઼ᅫੰڱҿՙᄃ CLCS ޙᛉ९̶̝ژҬΞ࠻ĂࢋЪҋ ؼҩ۞ௐ˘࣎ĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរķ۞ࢋІĂ̂ౙᒨᆸᄃ઼ثڻౙгᅳ˿۞ౙ ᑕѣۡତ۞ాඕĄᔵ UNCLOS ઼ٕᅫੰڱ၆ٺౙ۞ۡତాඕ՟ѣ វ۞ᇾĂҭ࿅ CLCS ࠹ᙯޙᛉ९̚۞ྋᛖᄃ࠹ᙯϦኛ઼۞၁ኹΞۢĂ CLCS ϫ้݈ШͽĶгᄻķᙋፂᇾĂүࠎྋᛖౙгᅳ˿ѣۡତాඕ՟ ˢͪ̚۞ౙĄͽĶгᄻķᙋፂүࠎᄮؠҋؼҩγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࢋ ࢋІĂϺᇆᜩ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 זௐ 6 ഠĂѣᙯထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝ γቡቢ̝ޠڱྋᛖćͽ˭ӈซ˘Վᄲ̝ځĄ
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ՀᎵгᄲĂ͟ώٙ೩˛۞זफůᒥफঔਖĂܼҜٺϿ்֑̈ࣧĞIzu-Ogadawarağ ঔ̚Ăүࠎాඕˣˮफᄃࡷ͢ঔ̋ડ̝ҋؼҩౙĞCLCS, 2012ağĄଘૄٺ۰ ዦ۞ܮӀّĂд˯ώ͛̚࠷ரѩ˘ᄲځĂͷᘣٺ۰۞நྋĂ่ٺѩྃ·̝Ą
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ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
དྷăѣᙯҋؼҩ̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸγቡ۞ Ķ̳ёቢķထޠڱ۞ؠྋᛖۋᛉયᗟ ࡶ઼ثڻ႕֖˞݈ҋؼҩ۞ଂᛳᝋӀ̝ᑭរࢋІĂֶፂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ഠזௐ 6 ഠఢؠĂᑕซ˘ՎֶፂĶ̳ёቢķᄃĶࢨטቢķቁؠ ֳѣ̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀቑಛĄтௐ෮ొ̶ٙĂ̙ኢߏ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ٕ CLCS Guideline ۞ఢؠĂĶ̳ёቢķ۞ထ͞ؠёӮͽ FOS ࠎᙯᔣᕇĄ ҃Ăௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ഠ၆ ٺFOS ᖎಏ۞Ķ̂ౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇķؠ ཌྷĂͽ̈́՟ѣఢቑЇңּγዋϡ۞ࢋІĂֹĶ̳ёቢķ۞ྋᛖд CLCS ᆶந ۞઼ثڻϦኛ९ॡĂјࠎΩ˘࣎ഌ͘۞ޠڱྋᛖۋᛉćͽ˭ӈྎᄲ̝ځĄ
˘ăтңထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡቢĉ д CLCS Guidelines ̚Ă˫̳ёቢჍࠎĶϒࢬఢķ Ğpositive ruleğĂ 27
ͽ࠹၆ٺௐ 5 ีᄃௐ 6 ีࢨטቢ̝Ķͅࢬఢķ Ğnegative ruleğĄ28 Ҍٺ
༊ͽܐౙޘغតજ̝̂ࠎ FOS ̝ࣧఢؠĂߏૄٺѩ఼૱ ܑ۞ߏ̂ౙڕᄃঔ߶ڕ۞ϹࠧĄҭϤͽߏٺٙᏜĶΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёķ ̝̂ౙᒨᆸࠎࣧݭٙயϠ۞ఢؠĂдߏ̙ĶΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёķĞтဦ 2ğ ۞̂ౙᒨᆸ̚Ă̂ౙᄃঔ߶ڕ۞Ϲ̙ࠧ˘ؠಶߏౙغតજ̝̂ ᕇĂЯѩ̖ົѣௐ 4 ഠ (b) ۞Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķఢؠĄ˫Ăтү۰ٺௐ෮ొ̶ٙ
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ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 2.2.4: The second provision, contained in paragraph 4 (a) (i) and (ii), subject to paragraphs 5 and 6, determines the position of the outer limit of the continental margin by means of a complex formula based on four rules. Two of these rules are affirmative and the remaining two are negative. The two positive rules, herein referred to as formulae…(CLCS, 1999). ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 2.1.7ĈThe extent of the outer envelope formed by the lines derived from the two formulae is restricted by a line derived from the two negative rules, herein referred to as constraints, which are connected by another inclusive disjunction. According to paragraph 5, the simultaneous application of these two constraints defines the outer limit beyond which an extended claim cannot be made…(CLCS, 1999).
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Ăдѩᇶॡώഠ̚ͽĶ̂ౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇ۞ FOSķჍࠎĶ૱ ၗ FOSķć̝ͅĂĶ̂ͽܧౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇ۞ FOSķჍࠎĶܧ ૱ၗ FOSķĄ ဦ2
֧ᜋΙĞΐٛ៉ొݑğ̂ౙᒨᆸဦ
ྤफ़ֽĈPinto (2013: 232)
ᨧ!૱ၗ FOS ۞ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ ॲፂ CLCS Guidelines ఢ࠻ֽؠĂ૱ၗ FOS ߏ݈ٚͽĶгᄻķࠎ ͕̚۞ҋؼҩ̝ࣧγ̂ౙᒨᆸໄهĄ 29 ༊ܐௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ีͽ FOS ࠎ ͕̚۞ϲڱϫ۞ĂߏЯࠎ FOS ఼૱ߏ̂ౙᄃঔ߶ڕ۞Ϲࠧ̏т݈Ą ҭॲፂᓑЪ઼ঔ߶ְચᄃঔ߶ܝొڱĞUN Division for Ocean Affairs and
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ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 5.4.6: As a general rule, whenever the base of the continental slope can be clearly determined on the basis of morphological and bathymetric evidence, the Commission recommends the application of that evidence (CLCS, 1999)Ğͽវᄃغቢᇾ ϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ
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ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
the Law of the Seağ۞ᄲځΞۢĞCLCS, 2012dğĂӈܮдநຐ۞ĶΔ̂Ҙ ߶ሀёķ̂ౙᒨᆸĂ˵̙˘ؠѣځቁΞᏰᄮ۞̂ౙޘតજ̝̂ᕇĞּ тĈ͉ޘ࿅πቤğ Ą30 ࡶ࿃זڶېĂጯᄲ˯ѣ۞ૺᑕྍͽቑಛྵ̈ ۞гّ͞Ğlocal)ޘត̼ޘᇴࠎᇾՙ ؠFOS ۞Ҝཉćѣ۞ૺᑕྍ ͽՀ̂ቑಛ۞ડાّĞregionalğޘត̼ޘᇴࠎᇾՙ ؠFOS ۞Ҝཉ ĞSuarez, 2008: 157ğĄώ͛д҂၅˞࠹ᙯ CLCS ޙᛉ९ޢ൴னĂCLCS ϫ ݈Ҭͼଳϡྵ̂ቑಛ۞Ķડાّķ۞ޘغត̼ࠎᇾĄּтĂCLCS дॗޙރᛉ९̚Ăӈ೩ זCLCS ߏଂડાّ֎ޘᄮ ؠFOSĈ 31 ૄٺॗރӔϹ۞ԫఙᄃࡊጯ͛ІČČͽ̈́Ķડાķ۞҂ณĂ؎ࣶົ ᓁඕᄮࠎ̂ౙӮϏдঔ߽غгડĞLoop Holeğ̝γĄЯѩĂώ ؎ࣶົТຍॗ۞ރϲಞĂ֭ޙᛉืГѣԫఙٕࡊጯ͛Іֽ͚ Ķડાķ̂ౙཙ۞ҜཉĄ32 ˫Ăּт CLCS д઼ڱăຑႬᜋăҘͰᄃࡻ઼۞α઼ᓑЪޙᛉ९ܑ̚ϯĂ 33
ࡶࢋዋϡௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ี (b) ۞Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠॡĂυืАᙋ ځFOS ֭
̙ߏྍĶડાķ۞̂ౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇĞCLCS, 2009bğĄ 34 30
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ּтĂ̂Ҙ߶߷ܧ۞ثᄃΔă̂۞߷࡚ݑౙᒨᆸĂӈ૱னᙷѩޘ࿅ٺπቤĂ̙҃ ٽᏰᄮ FOS ۞ڶېĞMacNab, 2000: 258ğĄ ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Norway in Respect of Areas in the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea and the Norwegian Sea (CLCS, 2009a). ώ߱ࣧ͛ࠎĈBased on its consideration of the technical and scientific documentation contained in Norway’s Submission…. and regional considerations, the Commission concludes that the foot of the continental slope lies everywhere beyond the Loop Hole. The Commission agrees with Norway and recommends that there is no need for further scientific or technical documentation to support the regional foot of the continental slope location (CLCS, 2009a)ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ ᔵ̙дώ͛ࡁտቑಛ̰Ăҭѩα઼೩९ԛёд߆˯ڼѣࢦࢋ۞ຍஉĂϺӈĂ̂ౙᒨ ᆸထࠧયᗟĄѩα઼ВТ೩γ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि९Ăӈߏࠎ˞ᔖҺᇆᜩזϏֽ۞ထࠧĂ Я҃ВТ೩γ̂ౙᒨᆸੈिĄՀࢦࢋ۰ĂᓑЪ೩९่̙ѣӄٺഴ͌ CLCS ۞̍ ү ᆶ ᛉ ณ Ă Հ Ξ ͽ ഴ ͌ Ϗ ֽ γ ̂ ౙ ᒨ ᆸ ତ ᚓ ઼ छ ม ۞ ሕ д ࡎ Ğ Takata, 2013: 138-139ğĄҌٺдֲڌঔાĂϫ݈Ξ࠻ֽזҘֲᄃݑдݑঔĂӈѣᓑЪ۞γ̂ౙ ᒨᆸ೩९Ăҭ CLCS إϏซҖЇңᆶᛉĄ ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the
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ϤٺĶгّ͞ķٕĶડાّķ̂ౙޘغតજ̝̂ᕇĂд UNCLOS ֭̚ځቁఢؠĂЯѩ CLCS ૄٺᆶᛉ઼ثڻ೩९̝ᝋ˧Ăࣧ˯ᑕΞ ૄྍٺᝋ˧၆ ٺFOS ؠཌྷྵ̙ځቁ۞г͞ซ˘ՎྋᛖĄ35 ҭߏĂϤٺ༊ܐ UNCLOS ົᛉдਨᑢώഠĶ̳ёቢķఢؠॡĂ̪ѣኜкࡗ઼ܑᄮࠎх дధкڱᒔ႕ຍ۞ྋᛖĂЯ҃ᜈͅ၆઼ثڻጾѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ ̂ౙᒨᆸޘטĄ 36 ЯѩĂCLCS ૄٺᖰຕࣧĂдࢬ၆ѣͽ˯ځڱቁ ؠҜ FOS ۞೩९̚Ă˵ົࢋՐ೩९઼ૄ̂ͽܧ˭ٺౙغតજ̝̂ ᕇ۞ܧ૱ၗ FOS ᙋፂĂͽቁܲ CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९̙ົЯࠎώഠٙ۞̙ቁ ّؠĂ҃ܬच༊ͅܐ၆઼ٙᙯ۞ڦĶડાķޘטĄ
ᨨ!ܧ૱ၗ FOS ۞ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ ࠹ྵ̂ͽٺౙغតજ̝̂ᕇࠎ FOSĂՀटٽౄјޠڱྋᛖٕዋ ϡӧᙱ۰Ăߏௐ 4 ഠ (b) ٙᏜ۞Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķĞevidence to the contraryğ୧ ഠٕώ͛ٙჍ̝ܧ૱ၗ FOSĄֶፂ CLCS Guidelines ۞ఢؠĂዋϡĶ࠹ͅ ᙋځķ୧ഠ۞ॡ፟ĂᑕߏĶгᄻķᙋፂڱቁځؠቁ۞ FOS ॡĂ҃υืԼ ͽгኳгۏநᙋፂҿᕝ FOS ҜཉĄ 37 ˫Ăֶፂ CLCS Guidelines
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Continental Shelf in Regard to the Joint Submission Made by France, Ireland, Spain, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Respect of the Area of the Celtic Sea and the Bay of Biscay (CLCS, 2009b). ༊Ăଂ୧ࡗྋᛖ۞֎ֽޘᄲĂώഠఢྵͧؠሀቘߏӎಶܑ CLCS జᝋΞͽҋࠎ Հк۞ྋᛖĂٕᑕྍՀ͕̈гឰࡗ઼࿅၁ኹՙ̰ؠटĂ۰Ӯѣјϲ۞ΞਕĄ ͍Ăঘ̈́ሀቘ۞ޠڱྋᛖયᗟॡĂΞਕՀዋЪϤ ܧ҃ੰڱCLCS ҋࠎྋᛖĄҭώ͛ ͽࠎĂҌ͌дᄮؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛ۞ְચቑಛ̰Ăᑕኬ̟ CLCS ྵᇃ۞ᖚᝋྋᛖ۩มĂ ͽഴ઼͌छ࿅઼छ၁ኹԛјሀቘ୧ഠ۞ሕдࡎٕϹٽјώĄ ֱͅ၆઼ࢋߏ̙ѣҋؼҩ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨ۞઼ثڻĂٕ UNCLOS ኘҿॡྵ̙ѣฟ൴ਕ˧۞֏઼҃ثڻĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.1.10: The Convention does not prescribe the application of a specific scientific methodology to define the location of the foot of the continental slope when evidence to the contrary to the general rule is invoked. The Commission interprets this provision as an opportunity for coastal States to use the best geological and geophysical evidence available to them to locate the foot of the continental slope at its base when the geomorphological evidence given by the maximum change in the gradient as a general rule does not or cannot locate reliably the foot of the continental slope (CLCS, 1999)
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۞ఢؠĂĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠߏ˘ּγఢّ۞ኳĄ 38 ೱ֏̝Ăࡶ೩९઼ ࢋֶፂĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ҃೩гᄻͽγ۞ᙋፂॡĂυืАᙋځĶгᄻķ ˯۞ޘغតજ̝̂ᕇĂ̙ߏгኳ˯̂ౙᄃঔ߶ڕ۞ϹࠧޢĂ̖ ਕͽгኳᙋፂᙋځঔ߶ᄃ̂ౙڕϹࠧቢүࠎ FOSĄ 39 ҃ĂCLCS ͽĶгᄻķƟĶ̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇķࠎࣧĂĶгኳķƟĶ̂ͽܧ ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣ࠎּγྋᛖĂдጯᄲٕ၁ચ˯ӮѣۋᛉĄ ѣᙯ઼ثڻυืͽĶ̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇķࠎࣧ ۞FOSĂొ̶ ጯ۰ᄮࠎ࿁ࡦ˞༊ܐឰ઼ثڻΞͽᏴፄ̙Т FOS ᄮ̳ؠёĂͽᕖૺ઼छঔ ાგᔑᝋ۞ϲڱϫ۞Ąдޠڱྋᛖ˯Ăѩࠁጯ۰ᄮࠎௐ 4 ഠ (a) ᄃ (b) ̝มĂ ̙ᑕྍߏ CLCS ఢ۞ؠĶࣧůּγķᙯܼĂ҃ᑕྍߏĶᏴፄᙯܼķ ĞSuarez, 2008: 155ğ ĄּтĂд UNCLOS ኘҿົᛉ̚۞ĶܐՎࡁտķ Ğ Preliminary Studyğ ӈĂĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠߏࠎ˞ග઼ثڻՀк۞ᇅّณᝋĂ҃טࢨܧ ᏴፄѣӀ۞ FOS ᙋፂĞSuarez, 2008: 155ğĄ̙࿅Ăώ͛д҂၅ CLCS ޙᛉ९ޢ൴னĂ̂ొ̶ૄٺĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ۞೩९઼ĂҬͼౌᐵᄮ CLCS
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ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.1.2: The Commission interprets the determination of the foot of the continental slope when evidence to the contrary to the general rule is invoked, as a provision with the character of an exception to the rule. This provision not only does not oppose, but in fact complements, the general rule established by the determination of the foot of the continental slope as the point of maximum change in the gradient at its base. Both approaches aim to find the foot of the continental slope at its base (CLCS, 1999)Ğͽ វᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.1.3: The complementary character of this provision is emphasized by the fact that in addition to bathymetric and geomorphological evidence, all other necessary and sufficient geological and geophysical evidence must also be included as part of a submission by a coastal State; CLCS Guidelines: 6.4.1: If a State has given evidence to the contrary to the general rule against using the foot of the continental slope (article 76 (4) (b)) in its submission, the Commission will deal with, inter alia, the following questions…. (iii) Does that evidence include subsurface information aimed at establishing that the limit obtained by the rule of maximum change in gradient would not, for example, equate to the limit of the geological continental margin? (iv) If such evidence to the contrary is presented as part of a submission, the Commission will request that it be also accompanied by the results of applying the rule of maximum change in gradient (CLCS, 1999).
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ٙఢࣧ۞ؠᄃּγᙯܼ҃՟ѣপҾ۞ͅ၆Ą 40 д CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९̚ĂϤٺĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠෛࠎּγఢّؠኳĂ ҃ᆧΐ઼ثڻγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९јώ۞९ּĂం࿅ৼ࢘ٺᄃ͐֓кޙ࣎ᛉ ९Ąд࢘ৼ۞ޙᛉ९̚ĂCLCS ᄮࠎաႬপګĞVolta Riverğ۞ঔغ՞᎕ैĂ ଂĶгᄻķ˯ֽᄲߏ࢘ৼ̂ౙᙝ۞˘ొ̶Ă֭ѩ՞᎕ै۞γቡĂෛүߏ ࢘ৼ̂ౙᒨᆸ̚۞ĶౙૄķĞCLCS, 2014ağĄ 41 ˫ĂCLCS ᄮࠎдгᄻ˯ FOS ᄃĶౙķώ̙֗Ξ̶ĂЯࠎଂгኳ˯ֽᄲĂĶౙķ఼૱̖ߏѣ Օ᎕جᆸ۞г͞Ą42 ፂѩĂٙᏜ૱ၗ۞ FOSĂCLCS ᄮࠎυืҜдĶгᄻķ ˯۞ĶౙķĶౙૄķ̝มĄ43 дѩਔඛ˭ĂCLCS дώޙᛉ९̚ᄮࠎĂ ࢘ৼ۞ FOS ᑕྍࢋҜд˯үࠎ̂ౙᒨᆸĶౙૄķ۞աႬপګঔغ՞᎕ै Ķ̰ķ۞ޘតજ̝̂ĞCLCS, 2014ağĄҭߏĂ࢘ৼΩγ೩Ķгኳķ ᙋፂĂૺྍ՞᎕ै̙ѣ CLCS Guidelines ̚ఢؠĶౙૄķٙᑕѣ۞ ແԛՕ᎕វĞsedimentary wedge bodyğĂ 44 ҃ᑕྍΩγͽաႬপګ՞᎕ै 40
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ᔵЧ઼Ҭͼ՟ѣԩᛉ҃ΞਕତצĶࣧůּγķᙯܼ۞ྋᛖĂҭڱଂѩ˘Ϗԩᛉ ۞ҖࠎĂ઼ۢछࠎ̦ᆃᙸຍତ צCLCS Ξਕົࢨ઼טछᕖૺგᔑᝋ۞ޠڱྋᛖĄѣ ᙯ઼छΞਕତࣧ۞צЯĂώ͛д˭Ķౙăˬķѣซ˘Վ۞ଯኢĄ ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Ghana (CLCS, 2014a). ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.2.3: The shelf and the continental slope have characteristics typical of continental crust, often including thick layers of sediments. The foot and the base of the continental slope are inseparable, and commonly lie close to the outer edge of the continent, that is, near the place where the crust changes from continental to oceanic (CLCS, 1999)ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.2.2: From a geomorphological perspective, the shelf in ideal cases is the part of the seabed adjacent to the continent, which forms a large submerged terrace that dips gently seaward. The breadth of the shelf depends on the geological evolution of the adjacent continent. The continental shelf extends seaward to the continental slope, which is characterized by a marked increase in gradient. The base of the slope is a zone where the lower part of the slope merges into the top of the continental rise or into the top of the deep ocean floor, in the case where no rise exists (CLCS, 1999)ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋ ҖΐˢğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 6.2.1: Some continental margins consist of three elements the shelf, the slope and the rise - whereas others show no rise. The continental slope forms a portion of the continental margin and extends from the shelf edge to the top of the rise, or to
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Шঔ˘ྵᅈ۞Ķгኳķ˯̂ౙᄃঔ߶ڕϹົĂүࠎ FOS ۞ҜཉĄ̙ ࿅ĂϤ ٺCLCS ؕڱజ࢘ৼٙ೩۞ĶгኳķᙋፂૺᄲڇĂٙͽ ٸৼ࢘ޢୢૺĂ҃ԼͽΩγ˘࣎ CLCS ̏གྷତ ۞צFOSĶгᄻķᙋፂĂ ထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞̳ёቢĞCLCS, 2014ağĄ ТᇹгĂ͐֓кдࣧώ 2008 ѐ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९̚Ăѣ˘ొ̶ଳϡ гᄻᙋፂᙋ ځFOS ҜཉĂҭѣ˘ొ̶ߏͽĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ۞Ķгኳᙋ ፂķᙋ ځFOS ҜཉĞCLCS, 2010bğĄ45 ͍ĂCLCS дޙᛉ९̚ځቁ ĂдΞͽᖣϤޘغតજ̝̂ᕇ۞ଐ˭ڶቁᄮ FOS ॡĂಶ̙ਕֹϡ Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ۞ĶгኳķᙋፂĄЯѩĂۡזѐ֓͐ޢк࣒ϒ೩९Ă Լͽгᄻᙋፂ೩າ۞ FOS ҜཉޢĂؕᒔ CLCS ᄮΞ۞ޙᛉ९ĞCLCS, 2012bğĄ
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Ёăѣᙯҋؼҩ̝γ̂ౙᒨᆸγቡ Ķࢨטቢķထޠڱ۞ؠྋᛖયᗟ т݈ٙĂ୬ቁؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ̝γቡĂੵ˞υืͽ FOS ࠎ͕̚ထؠ γቡγĂإᅮЪௐ 5 ഠᄃௐ 6 ഠ۞ĶஎޘķᄃĶᗓķࢨטቢఢؠĄ ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨߏͽĶ̳ёቢķᄃĶࢨטቢķ۰۞ϹะĂٙԛјШ ౙ˘۞ቢүࠎ઼ֳثڻѣ̝ҋؼҩγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࠧࢨĄ 47 ଂ CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९ᄃ࠹ᙯጯᄲΞ൴னĂѣᙯĶࢨטቢķ۞ۋᛉࢋߏĶஎޘ ࢨטቢķ۞ထ͞ؠёĂͽ̈́ௐ 6 ഠѣᙯঔਖ۞ྋᛖ̈́Ķࢨטቢķ۞ዋϡć ͽ˭ӈ̶Ҿᄲ̝ځĄ
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the top of the deep ocean floor where no rise exists. The rise is normally a wedge-shaped sedimentary body having a smaller gradient than the continental slope (CLCS, 1999). ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Submission Made by Barbados (CLCS, 2010b). ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈRecommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Revised Submission Made by Barbados (CLCS, 2012b). ኛણ֍݈Ķ෮ă˟ᄃˬķొ̶Ą
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˘ăஎטࢨޘቢ۞ထؠયᗟ ᔵ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 5 ഠఢؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨĂ̙ᑕ࿅ 2,500 ̳͎ඈஎቢΐ˯ 100 ঔ֧ĂҭϤٺঔغгԛٙԛј۞ͪஎѣ̙Т۞ត̼Ă ˵ົౄјዋϡ˯۞યᗟĄྵۋᛉ۰Ăߏ 2,500 ̳͎ඈஎቢΞਕдγ̂ౙ ᒨᆸ˯ࢦኑனкѨĂѩॡĂֶፂ CLCS Guidelines ۞ఢؠĂޙᛉଳϡௐ ˘୧ 2,500 ̳͎ඈஎቢĄ
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дĶஎטࢨޘቢķ̚ྵѣۋᛉ۰Ăߏ CLCS ΩγఢؠĶஎטࢨޘቢķ ٙထ۞ؠγࠧࢨĂυืĶЪ̂ౙᙝ۞ૄώгԛķĞconforms to the general configuration of the continental marginğĄ҃ĂUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 5 ഠ۞ ĶஎטࢨޘቢķఢؠĂ่̙՟ѣΐ˯υืЪ̂ౙᙝૄώгԛ۞ࢨטγĂ ˵՟ѣؠཌྷңᏜĶ̂ౙᙝ۞ૄώгԛķĄ̙࿅ĂCLCS അдॗޙރᛉ९̚Ă ᄮࠎؼĞJan Mayenğफ۞ĶஎטࢨޘቢķĂ̏གྷᄃྍफγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ FOS ͞Ш̙ЪĂͷҬͼߏࢬШДफ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĂЯ҃ӎՙ˞ॗރٙ೩ ۞ĶஎטࢨޘቢķĂ֭дྍ९̚ޙᛉԼଳĶᗓࢨטቢķĞKunoy, 2011: 328-329ćKunoy et al., 2010: 364-366ćCLCS, 2009ağĄϤѩΞۢĂCLCS ҬͼĶ̂ౙᙝૄώгԛķĂྋᛖࠎߏӎᄃ FOS ࠹ШࠎࢋᇾĄ ଂ CLCS ޙᛉ۞ޢඕ࠻ֽڍĂॗ̏ރགྷତ צCLCS ۞ޙᛉ҃Ϗഅܑϯ ԩᛉٕ̙႕ĄࢋࣧЯΞਕߏྍޙᛉ९۞ඕڍĂ่ឰॗރຫεܧ૱̈ొ̶ ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĄ̙࿅ĂДफдྍ೩९۞ᆶᛉ࿅̚Ă˵՟ѣ၆ॗ۞ރ೩९ ܑϯԩᛉĂҬͼຍקДफ̙֭ᄮࠎॗ۞ރĶஎטࢨޘቢķົᇆᜩזДफ۞
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ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 4.4.2: The selection of the most salient points along the 2,500 m isobath for the purpose of delineating the 100 M limit may be straightforward when isobaths are simple. However, when isobaths are complex or repeated in multiples, the selection of points along the 2,500 m isobath becomes difficult. Such situations arise as a result of geological and tectonic processes shaping the present continental margins. They can create multiple repetitions of the 2,500 m isobath, for example, by faulting, folding and thrusting along continental margins. Unless there is evidence to the contrary, the Commission may recommend the use of the first 2,500 m isobath from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured that conforms to the general configuration of the continental margin (CLCS, 1999).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĄ 49 ѣֱጯ۰ᄮࠎĂĶஎטࢨޘቢķߏ˘Ķࢨטķఢ ؠĂҭ FOS ߏ˘ቁᄮĶᝋӀķቑಛ۞ૄᖂĂវր̙ᑕྍࠎ˘ኘĂ ҃Բෞ CLCS дώޙᛉ९̚ܬच۞઼ثڻזᝋӀĞSerdy, 2011: 372ğĄ ώ͛ᄮࠎĂĶ̂ౙᙝૄώгԛķ۞ྋᛖٕధΞᙷͧࠎᅳঔۡቢૄቢ ထ̝ؠఢؠĄֶፂ UNCLOS ௐ 7 ୧ఢؠĂۡቢૄቢ۞ထ̙ؠਕઐᗓঔ۞ث ˘ਠ͞ШĂͽҺܬचܧ઼ٕثڻזᛳ઼छგᔑ۞ડાĄ҃Ķஎטࢨޘ ቢķٕధΞᙷͧјᙷҬঔ̂̚ౙᒨᆸ۞ĶࢨטቢૄቢķĂҋ̙ᑕઐᗓ̂ౙ ᒨᆸ۞˘ਠ֕ШĄҭ̙გߏᅳঔۡቢૄቢٕஎטࢨޘቢ۞ထؠĂࡶ՟ѣځ ቁ۞˘ਠ֕Ш̝ણᕇĂѣΞਕឰ઼ثڻĶЫଫķՀк UNCLOS ۞Ķડ ાķޘטĄ҃Ϥ̂ٺౙᒨᆸ۞гԛᄃ֕ШপّĂ̙ΞਕтТᅳঔૄቢਠͽ ঔثቢࠎ˘ਠ͞Ш۞ણᕇĂЯ҃ CLCS ࡶԼͽ FOS ࠎ̂ౙᒨᆸ֕Ш̈́ எטࢨޘቢ۞ણᕇĂᑕᛳЪந۞ྋᛖ͞ёĄՀࢦࢋ۰Ăώֽдௐ 76 ୧ҋ ؼҩࣧޠڱ۞វր̚Ăಶߏͽ FOS ࠎ͕̚۞ఢቑវրĂ҃ ͽ่ܧFOS үࠎቁᄮֳѣᝋӀቑಛ۞ૄᖂ҃̏ĄЯѩĂCLCS ۞ྋᛖĂᑕௐ 76 ୧ĶᝋӀķᄃĶࢨטķវր۞ႷᇋĄ
˟ăঔਖ̈́טࢨቢထؠયᗟ ᔵ UNCLOS ኬ઼̟ثڻҋҖᏴፄĶஎޘķٕĶᗓķࢨטቢĂҭௐ 6 ีఢؠঔ߶غਖĞsubmarine ridgeğ่ਕዋϡĶᗓķࢨטቢĂଘঔغ гĞsubmarine elevationğ˫ΞͽዋϡĶஎޘķٕĶᗓķࢨטቢĄUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧̚۞ঔਖ˘ВΞ̶ࠎˬᙷĈஎ߶߶ਖĞoceanic ridgeğ ă50 ঔ߶غਖă ᄃঔغгĄЯѩĂ઼ثڻҜٺঔਖ˯۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸజ CLCS ᕩᙷ۞ඕڍĂ ˵ಶ̂ޝޘгᇆᜩ઼ثڻזγ̂ౙᒨᆸҋؼҩ̝ᝋӀቑಛĄϤؠטٺ UNCLOS ॡ၆ٺঔਖ۞ࡊጯࡁտྤੈ̙إԆ౯Ăѣֱࡊጯछᄮࠎ CLCS ᑕ
49
50
༊ĂٕధДफᄮࠎྍࢨטቢΞਕົܬचזᝋӀĂҭϏܑϯຍ֍۞ࣧЯĂΞਕᄮࠎ ઼ม۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀቑಛĂֶᖞࢋ࠻઼ঔાထࠧቢ҃ؠĄலౣĂֶፂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧۞ఢؠĂCLCS ۞ޙᛉ९Ϊߏүࠎ઼ထࠧ۞ૄᖂĂ҃ۡܧତՙؠ ઼มγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀቑಛ۞ѣٲՁ˧ՙĄ ѣઠЩᆶߤˠޙᛉ oceanic ridge ᖙᛌࠎĶ߶̚߶ਖķĄ̙࿅Ăώ͛ٙଳ۞פᖙᛌֶܼፂԧ ઼̰߆ొ̳ٙο۞ঔ߶ࡗ̳ڱᛌώĂЯѩдѩ̪ଳϡྍᛌώ̚۞Ķஎ߶߶ਖķĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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ྍᄃࡗ઼ม࿅Հк۞̢જޢĂГ၆ঔਖซҖޠڱྋᛖĄࠤҌĂѣ۞ࡊ ጯछᄮࠎ࿃זঔਖ۞̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ॡĂCLCS ᑕྍଯᏵ࠹ᙯޙᛉ९Ą༊Ă ଂ۞ޢ၁ኹֽ࠻ĂCLCS ૄٺᖚᝋ֭՟ѣٸୢ၆̙Тᙷ۞ݭঔਖซҖ ྋᛖĂҭ˵Яѩдߙֱޙᛉ९͔̚࠹༊̂۞ۋᛉćͽ˭ӈ̶Ҿᄲ̝ځĄ
ᨧ!எ߶߶ਖ ࢵАĂѣᙯĶஎ߶߶ਖķᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸᙯܼ۞ྋᛖĂдጯ۰มѣ̙Т ۞ྋᛖĄొ̶ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ܼͽĶгᄻķాᜈّүࠎ̂ౙ ᙝᄃஎ߶߶۞غડҾᇾĞGao, 2012: 125-126ğĄ51 ፂѩĂϤٺҜд FOS ̝γ۞ঔાౌߏஎ߶ડાĂٙͽΪࢋߏҜд FOS ̝γ۞ঔਖĂߊౌҜд எ߶ડાĂҋಶᑕజᕩᙷࠎஎ߶߶ਖĞBrekke & Symonds, 2004: 183ğĄ ̙࿅ĂΩѣొ̶ጯ۰ᄮࠎĂၹјஎ߶߶ਖ۞୧ІĂੵ˞дгᄻ˯ᄃ̂ౙᙝ ՟ѣాᜈّ̝γĂืإдгኳ˯ᛳٺঔ߶ڕĄֶѩ֍ྋĂࡶঔਖҜ ٺFOS Шঔ̝˘Ăҭдгኳ˯̪ѣ̂ౙڕّኳĂྍঔਖ̪ѣΞਕజᕩᙷࠎ ̂˯ޠڱౙᒨᆸ۞˘ొ̶ĞBrekke & Symonds, 2004: 184ğĄϤѩΞ֍Ă̙ ่ FOS ߏՙؠঔਖّኳ۞ࢦࢋᇾĂͷд࣎९̚ࢋֶፂĶгᄻķٕĶгኳķ ᙋፂՙ ؠFOS ۞ҜཉĂՀߏᇆᜩߏ઼ثڻӎѣᄃঔਖมѣҋؼҩᙯܼ ۞ᙯᔣĄ
ᨨ!ঔ߶غਖ ݈ 2010 ѐࡻ઼ֲڗफޙᛉ९Ăӈ੫၆˯ۋᛉѣ˘ؠ۞ޘа ᑕĄтௐણొ̶ٙĂྍफߏҜ̂ٺҘ߶̚߶ਖĞmid-oceanic ridgeğ̝फ ᑎĄCLCS ੵ˞ଂĶгᄻķ֎ޘᄮࠎֲڗफᄃ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖมĂ̙ਕၹ јځቁҋؼҩ۞ౙγĂ˵ͅᅺ˞ࡻ઼ૺྍ̚߶ਖΞдĶгኳķ˯
51
நኢ˯Ķгᄻķ˯ᄃౙ՟ѣ࠹ాăĶгኳķ˯ᛳ̂ٺౙᙝĂҭЯࠎгኳ࿅ᕝ ෘ҃Ҝд FOS ͽγШঔ˘۞ঔਖĂΞͽᄲߏ UNCLOS ̚՟ѣఢቑ۞זௐαᙷݭ ঔਖĄҭߏĂѩࠁጯ۰ᄮࠎϤ ٺUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ߏͽ FOS үࠎࢨ઼̂ثڻטౙᒨᆸ ᝋӀ۞˘ีࢋ˯ޠڱІĂЯѩΪࢋ࿅ FOS ˘۞ؠቑಛಶߏ۞˯ޠڱஎ߶߶غĂ̙҃ ኢгኳ˯୧Іߏӎѣ̂ౙᙝّኳĄፂѩĂѩࠁጯ۰ᄮࠎௐ 76 ୧ͦГ౹ౄௐα ᙷ۞ݭঔਖĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ၹјֲڗफ۞Ķঔ߶غਖķĄវ҃֏Ăࡻ઼ૺϤٺௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ֭ ՟ѣځቁఢؠĶঔ߶غਖķĶঔغгķտᑕͽĶгᄻķٕĶгኳķࠎ ᄮؠᇾĂЯѩ CLCS ̙ᑕ่ଂĶгᄻķ֎ޘĂᄮ̂ؠҘ߶̚߶ਖߏӎၹ јֲڗफ۞Ķঔ߶غਖķĞCLCS, 2010ağĄೱ֏̝Ăࡻ઼ᄮࠎߊֲڗ फᄃྍঔਖมѣĶгኳķాᜈᄃ࠹ТّĂܑϯྍঔਖ่̙Ξၹј݈ ֲڗफ۞ҋؼҩ̂ౙĂТॡ˵ߏௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠٙঘ̝Ķঔ߶غਖķ Ą ҭ CLCS ᄮࠎ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖдĶгᄻķ˯̏གྷҜдٙᄮڗֲؠफ ۞ FOS ̝γĂᄃֲڗफώ֗̏གྷ՟ѣځቁాඕĂ̙֭ߏঔ߶غਖĄ ѨĂCLCS ˫Հซ˘ՎĂགྷ࿅ܜѐࡊጯࡁտޢ൴னĂ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖд Ķгኳķ˯ߏϤঔ߶ڕ߿જٙԛјĄЯѩĂCLCS ᄮࠎ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖд Ķгኳķ˯ᛳٺஎ߶߶ਖĂࣧ̏˯జௐ 76 ୧ௐ 3 ഠٙଵੵĞCLCS, 2010ağĄޢĂࡶफᑎҜٺĶгኳķ˯ᛳٺஎ߶߶ਖ۞ঔਖ˯ॡĂCLCS ܑϯֶፂ CLCS Guidelines ۞ఢؠĂྍঔਖޝᙱజᄮࠎؠĶஎ߶߶غķĄҭ ݈೩ߏྍफᑎυืдĶгᄻķ˯ᄃঔਖ࠹ాĂͷޘᑕځពྍٺঔਖĂ ྍঔਖѣΞਕд˯ޠڱΩజෛࠎĶঔ߶غਖķĄ
ᨩ!ঔغг ᔵдֲڗफޙᛉ९̚ĂCLCS ͽĶгᄻķࠎᇾĂҿᕝࡻ઼ߏӎ ѣҋؼҩౙٕঔਖ۞ᙷݭĂ֭ጱࡻ઼۞ԩᛉćҭଂ CLCS ۞ ޙᛉ९ֽ࠻Ă̂˯ᒔ࠹ᙯ೩९઼छ۞ᄮТĄ 52 ּтĂ̜౪дѣᙯγ ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९̚ኢ̈́ऄРႬĞÆgirğঔਖ۞ّኳॡܑϯâ࣎ঔ̚гࢋ జᕩᙷࠎĶঔغгķĂ่̙ྍĶঔ̚гķдĶгᄻķ˯ᄃҋؼҩ۞ ౙгᅳ˿࠹ాĂͷĶгኳķ˯ᄃྍ̂ౙᙝᑕѣځቁ࠹Т۞ᙋፂĄ࠹ͅгĂ ˘࣎Ķঔ̚гķࢋజᕩᙷࠎĶঔ߶غਖķĂ่ᅮĶгᄻķ˯ᄃҋؼҩ ۞ౙгᅳ˿࠹ాĂҭдгኳ˯ᄃྍ̂ౙᙝ̙ᅮЪ݈ځព࠹Т̝ࢋІ
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ࡶଂ઼छ୬ႽณᕖૺგᔑᝋӀৈ۞֎ֽޘᄲĂநኢ˯ᑕྍѣՀкγ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि೩९ ઼ᑕྍΐˢࡻ઼۞ԩᛉĂҭ่ޢតјࡻ઼߆عಏ۞ԩᛉҖࠎĄᙯ઼ٺӮϏԩᛉ ۞ΞਕྋᛖĂώ͛ͽࠎᑕྍᄃĶгኳķᙋፂ̝פјώѣᙯĂኛણ֍˭Ķౙă˟ķ ۞ᄲځĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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ĞCLCS, 2014bğĄ 53 CLCS дώޙᛉ९̚˵Тຍѩྋᛖᄃᕩᙷ͞ёĂ֭ᄮ ࠎ̜౪೩९̚۞ऄРႬঔਖĂځޝពгдгᄻᄃгኳ˯ᄃڱᘲफ࠹ాͷ࠹ ТĂ҃Ξዋϡௐ 6 ഠѣᙯ߶غਖ۞ᗓࢨטቢఢؠĄ 54 ̙࿅ĂCLCS ĶгᄻాᜈƟঔ߶غਖ v. гᄻాᜈͷгኳ࠹ТƟঔ غгķ۞˟̮ྋᛖ͞ёĂдĶгኳķྤੈ՟ѣځቁӎؠᄃౙгᅳ˿࠹ТĂ ҭ˫ځڱቁᙋ࠹ځТ۞̙ቁېؠၗॡĂCLCS Ҭ้Ш่ٺྍঔਖᄮؠ ࠎĶঔ߶غਖķĄּтĂ઼ڱдႬᄏ६ĞKerguelenğफ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ ೩९̚Ăӈዎ࿃ѩڶېĄវ҃֏ĂႬᄏ६फߏͫ̋ᆡ൴ٙԛј۞Ķሤ ᕇķĞhotspotğफᑎĂͷᄃΐӀऄκĞGallieniğঔਖมдĶгᄻķ˯Ӕன ҋؼҩ۞ᙯܼĞCLCS, 2012cğĄ 55 ѩγĂ઼ڱૺΐӀऄκঔਖдĶг ኳķ˯˵ߏĶሤᕇķঔਖĂЯ҃ၹјႬᄏ६फ̂ౙᙝ۞ҋၹјొ̶Ă ᑕΞዋϡௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠĶঔغгķ۞ࢨטቢఢؠĞCLCS, 2012cğĄᔵ CLCS ᄮࠎ೩९̚۞ΐӀऄκঔਖႬᄏ६फมѣĶгᄻķ˯۞ాᜈĂ ҭᄮࠎϤྍٺঔਖдĶгኳķ˯ҬͼТॡѣĶሤᕇķঔਖᄃ็Ķஎ߶ ߶ਖķّኳĂͷ઼ڱڱ೩ྍঔਖԆፋгኳྤੈĂЯ҃ĶᓁវᄮؠķĞon balanceğ่ዋϡĶঔ߶غਖķ۞ࢨטቢఢؠĞCLCS, 2012cğĄ д઼छ۞೩९̚ĂCLCS ϺΞځព࠻זᏲೈĶгᄻాᜈ/ঔغ
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ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈRecommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Submission Made by the Government of the Kingdom of Denmark Together with the Government of the Faroes in Respect of the Continental Shelf North of the Faroe Islands (CLCS, 2014b). ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 7.3.1: The term “submarine elevations” in paragraph 6 includes a selection of highs: “such as plateaux, rises, caps, banks and spurs”. The phrase “such as” implies that the list is not complete. Common to all of these elevations is that they are natural components of the continental margin. This makes it relevant to consider the processes that form the continental margins and how continents grow. The growth of the present continents is and/or was primarily caused by geological processes along the continental margins……. Consequently, the Commission will base its views on “submarine elevations” mainly on the following considerations….. (CLCS, 1999). ࡻ͛ࣧЩࠎĈSummary of the Recommendations of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in Regard to the Partial Submission Made by the Republic of France in Respect of the Areas of the French Antilles and the Kerguelen Islands (CLCS, 2012c).
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
߶ਖ v. гᄻాᜈͷгኳ࠹ТƟঔغгķ۞˟̮ྋᛖ͞ёĄּтĂ͟ώд γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९̚ૺ்̈ࣧĞOgasawarağડ۞்̈ࣧঔਖߏ˘࣎ঔغ гĄҭ CLCS ૄ ٺCLCS Guideline ѣᙯĶঔغгķ۞ؠཌྷυืߏĶЇ ңᆧϠд̂ౙᙝ˯۞гഥ༤ٕՕ᎕ແķĂؕЪௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠٙ̚ᏜĶ̂ ౙᙝҋၹјొ̶ķĞnatural component of continental marginğ۞ࢋІĄЯ ѩĂCLCS ᄮࠎૄࢬͅٺྋᛖĂӈܮдгᄻ˯ѣాඕĂҭࡶྍඈ༤ٕՕ ᎕إۏϏᆧϠд̂ౙᙝॡĂಶ̙ਕᄮࠎྍঔਖ̏གྷјࠎ̂ౙᙝ۞ҋၹј ొ̶ĞCLCS, 2012ağĄፂѩĂCLCS дώޙᛉ९̚ӈᄮࠎ்̈ࣧঔਖ֭՟ ѣځពгഥ༤ٕՕ᎕ۏᆧϠ̂ٺౙᙝĂ่҃ਕᄮࠎؠĶঔ߶غਖķĄ ტ˯ٙĂ࿅၆ CLCS ޙᛉ९̙̚Тᙷ۞ݭঔਖᄃҋؼҩ̂ౙᒨ ᆸᙯܼ۞៍၅ĂᇶॡΞᕩৼ˭ЕᇴᕇĈ 56 1. CLCS ֶೈͽĶгᄻķࠎค۞ᇾĂ FOS ͽγ۞ЧঔਖӮ ଵੵٺҋؼҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛĂ҃ؠҜࠎĶஎ߶߶ਖķĄೱ ֏̝Ăૄ݈ٺ೩۞זĶڕّ̚ķࣧĂ۞˯ޠڱĶஎ߶߶ਖķᄃ гኳ˯ߏӎѣঔ߶ڕ۞ّኳᙯĂ҃ߏᄃĶгᄻాᜈّķѣᙯć 2. ࠹ͅгĂ༊ঔਖдĶгᄻķ˯ၹјౙгᅳ˿۞ҋؼҩĂΪࢋߏҜ ٺFOS ͽ̰۞ቑಛĂྍঔਖӈѣΞਕజ CLCS ᄮࠎؠĶঔ߶غਖķ ٕĶঔغгķć 3. ҌٺડҾ˯Ķঔ߶غਖķᄃĶঔغгķ۞ᇾĂCLCS ࢋซ ˘ՎෛྍঔਖߏӎдĶгኳķ˯ځቁ႕֖ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ̚Ķ̂ౙᙝ ҋၹјొ̶ķ۞ࢋІ҃ؠĄࡶځቁ႕֖ྍࢋІĂΞజ̶ᙷࠎĶঔ غгķĂΞᏴፄዋϡĶᗓķٕĶஎޘķࢨטቢćࡶϏځቁ႕֖ ྍࢋІĂజ̶ᙷࠎĶঔ߶غਖķĂ่ਕዋϡĶᗓķࢨטቢĄ
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ְ၁˯ĂCLCS Guidelines ૻአঔਖߏপҾᅮࢋ࣎९҂ณ۞ڶېĂ˵Яѩ CLCS ᄮࠎҋ ̎дঔਖ۞યᗟ˯ĂͧྵઐШᑕѣͧྵᇃ۞ھྋᛖᝋࢨĄЯѩĂߏώࡁտĶᇶॡķ ۞ྋᛖᕩৼ҃̏Ă֭ഇ͟ ޢCLCS ΞਕົѣՀࠎځቁ۞ྋᛖΞਕĄࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈ CLCS Guidelines 7.2.11: As it is difficult to define the details concerning various conditions, the Commission feels it appropriate that the issue of ridges be examined on a case-by-case basis (CLCS, 1999).
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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ౙăГኢҋؼҩࣧĈ࠹ᙯҿՙ ᄃ CLCS ޙᛉ९̝ෞژ ଂ݈ѣᙯထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ۞࠹ᙯ९ּΞۢĂҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋ ᛖᄃዋϡߏ˘࣎Тॡ̬ޠڱٺᄃҋࡊጯ̢જ۞࿅Ą୮Ⴗય۰Ă༊ܐ ؠטௐ 76 ୧ॡĂࡗ઼ܑӮᄮࠎ UNCLOS ˯۞̂ౙᒨᆸఢؠᄃ৷ოҋ ࡊጯ˯۞̂ౙᒨᆸ̰ट̙ТĄ57 ࢋ۞ࣧЯӈт ITLOS ٙᄲĂࠎ˞ឰڻ ͽ઼ثጐณᕖૺგᔑᝋĄૄٺᕖૺ઼छგᔑᝋវ۞ఢቑ͞ёĂ ੵ˞ܲ UNCLOS ݈ؠטӈ̏хд۞ҋؼҩࣧγĂТॡͽ͞ޠڱёؠ ཌྷ̙Тٺҋࡊጯໄ̂۞˯هౙᒨᆸĄҭ UNCLOS ϏځቁؠཌྷĶҋؼҩķ ࣧࣧ۞Яâ͞ࢬੵ˞ٺࢨצ༊ॡࡊጯྤੈ̙֖γĂΩ͞ࢬ˵ߏࠎ˞ឰ ࡗ઼ă ٕੰڱCLCS Ξͽ࿅̙Т۞ྋᛖ͞ёĂԱזЪᕖૺგᔑᝋ۞ ૄᖂĞITLOS, 2012ğĄЯѩĂҋؼҩࣧૄٺᕖૺ۞߆ڼᅮՐĂ˵ ಶឰ˘Ҝጯ۰ૺ၁ҋؼҩࣧд UNCLOS ̚࠻Ҭည˘ĶΗৠཐķ ۞ࣧĂҭ၁ᅫ˯ҋؼҩࣧд઼ᅫ۞ੰڱҿՙٕ CLCS ޙᛉ९̙̏̚ ѣ۞˯ޠڱᙯᔣຍஉĂ҃Ϊߏ˘߆۞˯ڼਜ਼ޥĞKim, 2014: 383-384ğĄ ҭώ͛ᄮࠎĂ̙გߏ ITLOS ٕѣᙯҋؼҩࣧ၁ኳ˯̙̏ࢋࢦ˯ޠڱ ຍཌྷ۞ૺĂ၁نர˞ҋؼҩࣧٙԷႊ۞ࢦࢋᆊࣃٕࢨّטΑਕĄ ͽ˭ӈ࿅၆઼݈ٺᅫ ٕੰڱCLCS ඈ९ּ̝ෞژĂͽࢦາᄮᙊҋؼ ҩࣧᄃထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ۞࠹ᙯԔٙѣ۞ޠڱΑਕٕຍஉĄ
˘ăҋؼҩࣧᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾ т݈ٙĂ2012 ѐ ITLOS дΐٛƟո۞ҿՙ̚ͅᅺΐٛ۞
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༊ܐࡗ઼дኘҿ UNCLOS ॡĂӈߏЯࠎវᄮזγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࠧࢨĂঘ̈́זኜк̙ቁ ޠڱ۞ؠᄃҋࡊጯྋᛖયᗟĂ྾д UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧̚ఢؠనϲ CLCSĂͽࢫҲҋ ࡊጯྋᛖ˯ዋϡ۞̙ቁّؠĄ̙࿅Ăొ̶ጯ۰Բෞᔵ CLCS ۞ᖚయߏͽྋՙҋ ࡊጯ˯۞̙ቁࠎّؠคĂҭலౣγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᄮ̪ؠᖞߏѣ߆ّڼĂ҃ૺ CLCS ̙ᑕྍ่৷ოϤҋࡊጯछٙјĞ࠱ݹѰĂ2004Ĉ472-475ğĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ૺĂܑϯֳѣؼҩ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĂ̙ᅮࢋᙋځΐٛ៉ ۞ঔԖᄃౙгᅳ˿มѣгᄻᄃгኳ۞ాᜈّĄЯѩĂҋؼҩࣧܧ֭ ઼ثڻυืдЪֳѣ݈ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរ̝γĂΩγ˘࣎υื႕֖۞ϲ ّᇾĞITLOS, 2012ğĄ҃ĂITLOS ତдྍҿՙ̚˫ܑϯĂϤٺдט ؠUNCLOS ॡӈ̏ۢΐٛ៉ঔغѣځពஎ۞ݓՕ᎕جᆸĂЯѩΐٛ៉ ื઼ͦثڻᙋځΐٛ៉̚۞Օ᎕جᄃౙгᅳ˿มѣгᄻᄃгኳ˯۞ా ᜈّĞITLOS, 2012ğĄͺ࠻̝˭ĂѩҿՙҬͼӎͽ˞ؠгᄻٕгኳాᜈّ үࠎଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾ۞ࢋІĂࠤҌ CLCS ޙᛉ९̚ͽгᄻాᜈّࠎࣧ ̝ҋؼҩࢋІྋᛖ࠹࠙ᛈĂЯ͔҃൴˞̙Тຍ֍۞ኢĄ 58 ҭૄ˭ͽٺநϤĂώ͛ᄮࠎĶгᄻٕгኳాᜈّķдĶҋؼҩķࣧ ̪̚ᖞߏ࠹༊ࢦࢋ۞ࢋІĂ҃ܧΪߏ˘ਜ਼ޥĄࢵАĂѣᙯ ITLOS д ΐٛƟո९۞ҋؼҩྋᛖĂࡶТॡଂ UNCLOS ۞םથ࿅ăࢦࢋܢІ ͽ̈́ྍҿՙώ֗۞݈͛ޢĂҬΞ൴னྍҿՙѣᙯҋؼҩ۞ొ̶ྋᛖĂᑕ ༊ઇ่ਕዋϡٺΐٛ៉ᙝ઼छ۞পঅଐڶĄវ҃֏Ăдםથ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧۞̰टॡĂ֧ᜋΙᄃОܑޘഅᓑЪ೩ٙᏜĶ֧ᜋΙޙᛉķ ९ĞThe Sri Lanka SuggestionğĞPinto, 2013: 224ğĄྍޙᛉ̚Ăࡶᚑॾ ዋϡͽĶгᄻķࠎ͕̚۞ҋؼҩࣧᇾĂ֤ᆃ၆ٺΐٛ៉Ķгᄻķᄃ ĶгኳķӔன̙Тλ̂मள۞ঔغгԛĂயϠ࠹༊̙Ꮚπ۞ඕڍĄߏ Яࠎдਨᑢௐ 76 ୧ॡĂͽߏܐΔ̂Ҙ߶̂ౙᒨᆸࠎࣧݭĂᄮࠎͽĶгᄻķ ˯۞ FOS ࠎ͕̚Шγထؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨĂӈ֖ͽឰ઼ثڻஉ߁֖ૉ۞ঔ غՕ᎕جᆸĄҭߏĂࡶ่ଂĶгᄻķ֎ޘᄮؠ֧ᜋΙٕΐٛ៉ ᙝ઼छ۞ FOS ॡĂົϤ ٺFOS Ӯܧ૱ያثڻܕౙгĂͽڱд ΐٛ៉ 200 ঔ֧̝γֳѣĶгኳķ˯எݓՕ᎕̝جଣછٕฟ൴ᝋӀĞણ֍ ဦ 2ğĄ59 ЯѩĂЧࡗ઼ΩγͽܢІԛёᘪࢎ˘ЊĶኗྋᓏځķ Ğstatement
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ѣ۞ጯ۰ͽώҿՙࠎૄᖂĂ҃ૺҋؼҩࣧ၁ኳ˯̙̏хдĂ҃ԆБͽᗓࣧ үࠎֳѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀ۞ૄᖂĞKim, 2014: 379-381ğĄҭѣ۞ጯ۰ᄮࠎ ITLOS дώ ҿՙ̚Ϻഅ೩̈́Ϥٺΐٛ៉ᇃ̂۞Օ᎕جᆸᄃΐٛ៉۞ᙝ઼छ࠹ాĂٙͽྍҿ ՙ၁ᅫ˯ߏଂгኳ۞֎ޘᜈ˞ؠۺҋؼҩࣧࢋ۞ІĞJia, 2013: 98ğĄ ঔ߶ܢࡗ̳ڱІ˟̚ĂӈপҾϤٺΐٛ៉ಛ઼छπӮͪஎ̙ ז200 ̳͎۞ቑ ಛ̙࿅ 20 ঔ֧Ăͷ̂ొ̶۞Օ᎕جᆸߏҜдౙૄ˭Ąೱ֏̝ĂĶΐٛ៉ሀ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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of understandingğ Ă60 ࢋՐϏֽ CLCS дᆶநΐٛ៉۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨޙ ᛉ९ॡĂᑕͽВТ۞ĶгኳķপҒࠎૄᖂĂͽᔖҺயϠዋϡௐ 76 ୧̙ޢ Ꮚπ۞ඕڍĄCLCS д ؠטCLCS Guidelines ॡϺॲፂѩኗྋᓏځĂд 8.1.12 ୧ᄃ 9.1.2 ୧̚পҾఢؠᑕග̟ΐٛ៉পঅଐ۞ڶ҂ᇋĄ 61 ϤѩΞۢĂ ITLOS дҿՙ̚೩זҋؼҩߏ˘࣎ޠڱໄܧ҃هҋࡊጯໄهĂ۞ቁᄃ UNCLOS םથॡЧࡗ઼ࠎ˞Ⴝณᕖ઼̂ثڻგᔑᝋ̝ࡗຍဦ࠹Ą ҃Ăүࠎ˘࣎ޠڱໄ̂۞هౙᒨᆸఢቑĂ̙֭ඈٺଵੵҋࡊጯໄ هд̂ౙᒨᆸޠڱྋᛖٙ̚Էႊ۞֎ҒĞSubedi, 2011: 429-430ğĄវ҃ ֏Ăӈ ܮUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ѣᙯ̂ౙᙝăFOS ٕঔਖඈࢋІܼ࿅ UNCLOS ٙࢦາؠཌྷĂҭࢦາؠཌྷ۞͞ё̪ߏͽгᄻٕгኳጯ۞͞ёᄃۢᙊૄᖂ ࠎఢቑĄ62 ӎĂௐ 76 ୧ͦืᖣϤ CLCS ̚гᄻٕгኳࡊጯछ۞ҋࡊጯ ຽĂҿᕝ઼ثڻٙ೩۞гᄻٕгኳᙋፂߏӎྍ༊ٺௐ 76 ୧Чഠ۞ఢ ؠĄՀࢦࢋ۰ĂಶߏЯࠎௐ 76 ୧̏གྷܧ૱ྎг࿅ޠڱఢቑ࠹༊ޘг Լតߊѣҋࡊጯؠཌྷ۞̂ౙᒨᆸĂ֭टٽጱ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞࠹ᙯྋᛖεΝ
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ёķ۞̂ౙᒨᆸᄃঔ߶ࡗ̳ڱௐ 76 ୧۞ĶΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёķ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࢦ̂मளĂӈд ٺĶՕ᎕جᆸķ۞ҜཉĂߏҜдĶౙķ ĞΔ̂Ҙ߶ሀёğٕĶౙૄķ Ğΐٛ៉ሀёğ ̝˭ĄЯѩĂࡶܢІ˟่҃ਕዋϡௐ 76 ୧ఢؠĂΐٛ៉ᙝ઼छӮֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĄ ၆ٺЊᓏځ३ዋϡ۞઼छĂտౣߏٙѣΐٛ៉ঔા۞ᙝ઼छĂ่ٕ֧ᜋΙ ᄃОޘĂдྋᛖ˯˵ѣۋᛉĞPinto, 2013: 224-225ćNordquist et al., 1993: 1020-1025ğĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 8.1.12: The Commission acknowledges that, for the coastal States located in the southern part of the Bay of Bengal, an exception to the provisions of paragraph 4 is provided for by the Statement of Understanding in Annex II of the Final Act of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. A State that is entitled to implement this provision, and opts to do so, is expected by the Commission to submit data at fixed points not more than 60 M apart along the submitted boundary line of the continental shelf to document that the thickness of sedimentary rock is not less than 1 kilometre at each of these fixed points. CLCS Guidelines 9.1.2: The Commission recognizes that one of its two functions prescribed in Annex II is to consider the data and material submitted by coastal States and to make recommendations in accordance with article 76 and the Statement of Understanding of 1980. Annex II, article 3 (1) (a), describes this function as follows… (CLCS, 1999). ּтĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 3 ഠ̂ౙᙝࢋІ̚۞̂ౙᒨᆸăౙౙૄĂٕௐ 4 ഠͽ̂ౙ Ą ޘغតજ̝̂ᕇүࠎ FOS ۞ࢋІĂౌߏଂгᄻጯ۞֎ؠࠎޘཌྷĞSerdy, 2011: 358ğ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ҋࡊጯ۞ځቁຍཌྷćЯѩĂ࿅࠹၆ͧྵ۞៍މҋࡊጯྋᛖٕధྵਕ ࢫҲௐ 76 ୧ఢቑዋϡॡٙΞਕटٽ൴Ϡ۞̙˘ّĄ͍Ăϫ݈ CLCS ޙᛉ९̚Ҍ͌ၡࢋ̰ट̏Ξ࿅შྮ̳ฟĂֹЧࡗ઼ਕႾ༛ CLCS дዋ ϡٕྋᛖ࠹ᙯ୧ഠ۞̰टĂՀਕֹܳ CLCS ۞ྋᛖჯّ˘Ąᖎ֏̝Ă ௐ 76 ୧ͽ͞ޠڱёࢦၹҋࡊጯ˯̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ؠཌྷޢĂ˵Тॡ࿅ҋࡊ ጯ۞ྋᛖჯγ̂ౙᒨᆸ୧ഠ۞ޠڱዋϡЪщّؠᄃ઼ᅫۤཏፋវӀ ৈĂ҃ͽޠ˘ܧᕖૺ۞઼ثڻგᔑᝋүࠎྋᛖĂซ҃ᗼ˞ UNCLOS Ķડા」制度中的人類共同繼承財產範圍。 63 ޢĂГа זITLOS ΐٛƟո९۞ҿՙѣᙯĶҋؼҩķࣧ۞ ྋᛖયᗟĞKałduński & Wasilewski, 2014: 148-149ğĄְ၁˯ĂࡶͿ៍၅ ΐٛ۞ૺޢΞ൴னĂᄃոٕ ITLOS ౌТຍΐٛ៉எ۞ݓՕ᎕ج ᆸĂТॡᄃոΐٛౌѣ࠹ాତĄೱ֏̝ĂΐٛᄮࠎдĶгኳķ˯ ΐٛ៉۞Օ᎕جᆸᄃոቁ၁࠹ాඕćӎĂITLOS ̙ົ೩઼זӮ Ъ CLCS ۞ĶଂᛳᝋӀķᑭរᇾĞITLOS, 2012ğĄҭߏĂώ९̚۞ۋᛉ ᕇдٺΐٛᄮࠎࡶࢋૺ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸॡĂٙᏜ۞ҋؼ ҩᑕТॡ႕֖˭Еࢋ࣎ІĈ(1) ౙгᅳ˿՟ˢͪ̚۞ౙᑕĶТॡķ႕֖ ĶгᄻķᄃĶгኳķ۞ాᜈّć(2) ੵ˞႕֖ĶгኳķాᜈّĂإᑕ႕֖Օ ᎕۞ۏгநֽĶТ˘ّķĞITLOS, 2012ğĄΐٛᄮࠎϤٺոڕд̙ ז50 ঔ֧ӈОڕޘ࠹ᇠயϠ՟ˢĂ҃யϠгኳ˯۞ॲώ̙ాᜈّ ĞITLOS, 2012ğĄ˫Ăӈܮΐٛ៉۞Օ᎕جᆸᄃոౙгѣాඕĂҭॲፂ гኳႊ̼ᙋፂពϯĂྍՕ᎕جᆸ̚۞ј̶ࢋֽҋΐٛĂ҃ᄃո՟ѣ Їңֽ˯۞Т˘ّĞITLOS, 2012ğĄҭߏĂITLOS дҿՙܑ̚ϯĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 1 ഠٙᏜ۞Ķҋؼҩķ۞ౙгᅳ˿Ăᄃௐ 4 ഠĶ̂ౙᙝķঘ۞ߏ Т˘࣎ડાĞsame areağ ĞITLOS, 2012ğĄЯѩĂߊѝдםથ UNCLOS ॡ ಶ̏གྷۢΐٛ៉ዎ઼छஎ۞ݓՕ᎕جᆸѣٙాତĂ˵ಶܑϯĶ̂ ౙᙝķಶߏոдĶгኳķ˯ҋؼҩ۞ౙгᅳ˿˞ĞITLOS, 2012ğĄ 64 63
64
݈ CLCS ৪३ܜӈഅགྷᄲ࿅ĂCLCS ۞ώኳ̙֭ߏࠎ˞ࢨٕטᕖૺ۞઼ثڻӀৈĄ ˘۞ᖚᝋΪߏࠎ˞ᑒӄ઼ثڻᄃ઼ᅫۤົ࿅ҋࡊጯ۞ۢᙊਕ˧Ăቁᄮ̳ࡗЧ ഠ̚۞ࠧࢨҜཉĞSerdy, 2011: 378ğĄ ࡶ৷ოଂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ώ֗۞͛ཌྷྋᛖֽ࠻Ă˵֭Ϗఢ઼ثڻؠдထؠ࿅ 200 ঔ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
135
ώ͛ͽࠎ ITLOS ۞ҿՙᄃ CLCS ࠹ᙯޙᛉ९۞၁ኹߏ˘۞Ąд݈ ٙ೩̈́۞ޙᛉ९̚ӮΞۢĂCLCS ౌߏͽĶгᄻķࠎ͕̚ᄮߏ઼ثڻؠӎ ѣҋؼҩ۞ౙᄃγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ྋᛖ៍ᕇć࠹ͅгĂĶгኳķᙋፂ่ ٺاᅃӄّ۞ᄮؠĶгᄻķᙋፂߏӎϒቁ۞֎ҒĄຍᏜ่ื႕֖Ķгᄻķ ࢋІӈ֖̏ૉĄЯѩĂITLOS ̙ଳৼΐٛ۞ૺᄃ CLCS ۞၁ኹ࠹Ą Հࢦࢋ۰ĂITLOS дՙҿ̚পҾૻአΐٛ៉ߏ˘࣎ĶপķĞuniqueğ۞ ଐڶĞITLOS, 2012ğĂឰ ITLOS Ξͽܧ૱ቁؠոдĶгኳķ˯ѣҋؼ ҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĄᔵ ITLOS ϏѩĶপķଐޠڱ۞ڶຍஉ̟ͽځቁᄲ ځĂҭώ͛ͽࠎΞͽซ˘ՎᕩৼࠎˬᕇĈ(1) ITLOS ߏͽ UNCLOS ࡗ઼ มѣ୧ࡗّኳ۞ĶኗྋᓏځķࠎֶፂĂቁᄮΐٛ៉઼छѣĶгኳķ ˯۞ҋؼҩγ̂ౙᒨᆸĂ̙҃ᅮࢋГ҂ณĶгᄻķ˯۞ాᜈّć(2) ֶፂ ݈ᄲ۞ځĶڕّ̚ķͽ̈́Ķౙг͚੨ঔ߶ķࣧĂĶгኳķ˯۞ γ̂ౙᒨᆸΪࢋౙгᅳ˿ѣాඕĂ༊̙ᅮࢋኢߏӎѣΐٛૺ ۞гநֽТ˘ّć(3) дΐٛ៉ٙ̚ᏜĶгኳķ۞ĶҋؼҩķĂតј ߏĶгኳķ˯ᅮЪĶኗྋᓏځķ̚۞ࡗؠćϺӈĂΪࢋଂ઼ثڻౙгҋ ؼҩΝ۞Օ᎕جᆸ۞ ٺ̈ࢋ̙ޘݓ1 ̳֧ĂӈЪҋؼҩ۞ࢋІ˞ ĞJia, 2013: 98ğ ĄፂѩĂITLOS ۞ྋᛖ่̙˯ޠڱѣ֖ૉ۞ֶፂăЪ CLCS ࠹ᙯޙᛉ९۞၁ኹĂͷܧ૱ځቁ࠻ؠۺޞҋؼҩࣧдγ̂ౙᒨᆸྋᛖ ѣࢦࢋ۞гҜĄ
˟ăҋؼҩࣧᄃĶгᄻķƟĶгኳķҋؼҩࣧ ࿅ܕѐֽ CLCS ٙઇ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸޙᛉ९Ξ൴னĂCLCS ܧ૱ځ ពг၆ߏٺӎѣҋؼҩ۞̂ౙᙝĂଳϡ۞ߏͽĶгᄻķࠎค۞ᄮؠ ᇾĄӈ ܮUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧՟ѣځቁఢؠᑕͽĶгᄻķࠎࢋֶፂĂͷ CLCS Guidelines ˵ఢ઼ثڻؠΞ೩гᄻͽγ۞ᙋፂĄҭҬͼ CLCS ᄮࠎ ᙋፂౌߏᅃӄᙋፂĂ˵Я҃ዎ˞ࡻ઼дֲڗޙᛉૻ۞ޢধͅᇅĄ ̙࿅Ăޙᛉ९జӎ઼۞ؠछĂ֭ϏтТࡻ઼ܑ྿ε୕̝ຍĂҬͼତצ
֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸॡĂΩᅮΩγᙋځĶгᄻķ˯۞ాᜈĶгኳķֽ۞гநТ˘ّĄ ЯѩĂΐٛٙૺ۞ĶТ˘ّķᇾĂቁ၁ົ࿅઼ثڻטࢨޘૺγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĄ
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
˞ CLCS ͽĶгᄻķࠎ͕̚۞ҋؼҩ̝ࣧྋᛖĄ ҃Ăߏӎܑϯ CLCS ͽгᄻࠎ͕̚۞ҋؼҩࣧྋᛖĂ̏གྷၹ ј௫ၚ઼ᅫڱĉ 65 ώ͛ᄮࠎૄ˭ٺЕˬ࣎நϤĂĶгᄻķҋؼҩࣧ՟ ѣၹј௫ၚ઼ᅫڱĂҭѣүࠎᄲ۞ّڇᙋፂّኳĄࢵАĂϤ̶ొ̂ٺጯ ۰ౌତ צCLCS ώ֗՟ѣϲّڱᝋ˧Ăҭѣྋᛖّᝋ˧ćЯѩĂநኢ˯ CLCS ۞ྋᛖ̙ਕజෛࠎѣтТ௫ၚ઼ᅫٲ۞ڱՁड़˧Ą͍Ăಏ৷ଂ UNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ώ֗۞͛ཌྷֽᄲĂ Ķҋؼҩķ˘ෟۡڱତଯኢᑕͽ Ķгᄻķࠎ˘ᄮؠᇾĄ ѨĂд CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९̚ĂӮͽĶгᄻķᙋፂࠎĂ҃Ķгኳķᙋ ፂࠎᅃ۞ࢋநϤĂᑕߏ CLCS Guidelines ώ֗ٙ೩۞זĶгኳķᙋፂ۞ פјώटٽጱ࠹ᙯᇴࣃྤੈ̙֖Ą66 ̝ͅĂCLCS Guidelines ֭Ϗ೩ זĶгᄻķᙋፂ۞פјώົົᚑࢦᇆᜩ࠹זᙯᇴࣃྤੈ̰टĄፂѩĂͽ Ķгᄻķࠎ۞ҋؼҩᄮؠᇾĂߏࠎ˞ቁְܲޠڱ၁۞ϒቁّĄ ޢĂITLOS ΐٛƟո९ҿՙ۞ώ֗Ăӈ̏ٚᄮૄٺĶгኳķҋ ؼҩ۞टధّć҃జटధ۞ࢋࣧЯĂӈдٺࡗ઼ѝಶቁᄮ˞ΐٛ ៉ώ֗۞পঅгኳྤੈĄೱ֏̝Ăΐٛ៉ᙝ઼छ۞Ķгኳķҋؼҩ ᙋፂĂ̏གྷ՟ѣྤੈ˯̙Ξያ۞ႷᇋĄҭࡶࢋዋϡזΐٛ៉ͽγ۞઼छĂ ӈົঘܢ݈זІ˟Ķኗྋᓏځķ۞ዋϡវቑಛĄϦ֏̝ĂܢІ˟۞ Ķኗྋᓏځķ่೩ זCLCS ᑕֶፂྍᓏ̰۞ځटᆶநΐٛ៉Ķొݑķ઼ छ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ĄҭߏĂྍĶኗྋᓏځķ֭Ϗវځΐٛ៉Ķݑ ొķߏӎ่Βӣ֧ᜋΙО઼ޘĄ˘ᄲᄮࠎΪѣ֧ᜋΙОޘĂΩ ˘ᄲᄮࠎΪࢋЪĶኗྋᓏځķ̚гኳ୧І۞઼छӮΞዋϡĞPinto, 2013: 224-225ğĄଂ ITLOS ΐٛƟո۞ҿՙֽ࠻Ăᔵ՟ѣۡତྋᛖྍᓏځ 65
66
௫ၚ઼ᅫࢋ۞ڱІ̚ࢋߏѣ઼៍މछ၁ኹĂᄃ៍هܫޠڱĄ҃дᙝࢋଣտ۞ ӈߏ༊̂ొ̶઼छӮֶೈĶгᄻķᙋፂүࠎࢋ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि೩९̰टĂͷϏт Тࡻ઼೩ԩᛉॡĂߏӎܑϯ̂кᇴࡗ઼Ӯ၆ٺҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖĂ̏ѣྵࠎ ˘۞هܫޠڱĄ ࣧ͛ఢࠎؠĈCLCS Guidelines 8.1.9: The thickness of sediments can be determined by means of direct sampling and indirect methods. Direct sampling is conducted by means of drilling. This is a very costly process, particularly in deep water, and only gives spot values. (CLCS, 1999)ĞͽវᄃغቢᇾϯĂࠎү۰ҋҖΐˢğĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
137
ዋϡ۞វĂҭҬΞᄲҌ͌Ķᙷଯዋϡķ˞ྍᓏځٙᔳӣ۞Ķгኳķҋ ؼҩڱநĄ ტ˯ٙĂώ͛ͽࠎĶгᄻķҋؼҩ֭ࣧ՟ѣజ ITLOS ᄮࠎߏ ˘۞ҋؼҩᇾĄҭૄٺᙋፂ۞ٽ៍މ८၁ĞverifyğّኳĂĶгᄻķᙋ ፂͧĶгኳķᙋፂѣՀ۞ᄲّڇΑਕĄ˫Ă̙ߏ઼̙ثڻਕଂĶгኳķ ֎ޘᙋځѣҋؼҩ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸĂΪߏυื܅ޝᗝ۞ᄲڇјώć ЯѩĂ̂кᇴ۞೩९઼Ӯਕତ צCLCS ۞ĶгᄻķҋؼҩࣧᇾĄ67
ˬăҋؼҩࣧᄃ FOS ۞ᄮؠ дௐདྷొ̶ᄲ ځFOS ۞ᄮؠᇾॡ೩זĂCLCS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ีĶ࠹ ͅᙋځķ୧ഠĂ༊үͽߏ˯ޠڱĶгᄻķƟĶ̂ౙغតજ̝̂ᕇķࠎ ࣧĂ ĶгኳķƟ Ķ̂ͽܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣ࠎּγ۞ྋᛖĂߏጯᄲٕ ၁ચ˯ѣᙯ FOS ᄮ̚ؠѣۋᛉ۞ޠڱયᗟĄԲҿኢ۞ޠڱጯ۰ࢋᄮ ࠎĂĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ֭ϏӔன˘ਠּ۞̚ޠڱγఢቑԛёĂ҃ᑕଳפᏴ ፄᙯܼ۞ྋᛖ͞ڱĂͽӀ઼ثڻᕖૺგᔑቑಛĄ̙࿅Ăώ͛ૄีˬٺந ϤĂᄮࠎĶּγᄲķ۞ྋᛖͧྵЪநĄࢵАĂ̂ౙᒨᆸώ֭֗՟ѣĶ̰γ ̂ౙᒨᆸķ̶̝Ă҃Ϊߏ˘࣎ጯந˯۞ໄهĄೱ֏̝Ăүࠎ۞˯ޠڱĶγķ ̂ౙᒨᆸĂ˵˘ߏؠଂĶ̰ķ̂ౙᒨᆸؼҩֽ҃ć۰ώኳ˯ᑕྍߏĶಏ ˘̂ౙᒨᆸķໄهĞITLOS, 2012ğĄЯѩĂĶ̰γķ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᄮؠĂࣧ ˯ᑕૄٺТ˘ᇾĂؕЪĶಏ˘̂ౙᒨᆸķ۞ໄهĞMcDorman, 2012: 745-746ğĄ˫Ăϫ݈Яࠎࡊٺࢨצጯᙋፂ۞פјώયᗟĂ઼ثڻᄃ CLCS ӮͽĶгᄻķүࠎࢋᄮؠҋؼҩ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾĄ֤ᆃĂдᄮؠ ૄٺĶгᄻķ҃ؼҩΝ۞ FOSĂ֭՟ѣநϤдᄮ ؠFOS ॡ̙ͽĶгᄻķ ᙋፂࠎࣧĄ ѨĂᔵௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ีּγዋϡĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ۞ఢቑԛёĂ 67
ૄפٺᙋፂјώ۞҂ณĂ҃ᇆᜩ઼ثڻѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि೩९۰ĂٙயϠ ۞ᇆᜩдࡊԫྵ൴྿ᄃྵར઼ޢछมĂѣ࠹༊ځព۞मளĄд͟ώ۞೩९̚Ăӈܢ ѣ࠹༊кᙋፂ۞ٽ̙ྵפĶгኳķᙋፂྤੈĄ࠹ͅгĂд݈ٙ೩̈́࢘ৼ۞೩९Ă ࢘ৼޢӈٸୢГҖ೩ՀкĶгኳķᙋፂͽᄲ ڇCLCSĂ҃Լֶ CLCS ۞Ķгᄻķ ᙋፂࢋՐĂЯ҃ࢨᒺ˞ΞਕሕдՀк۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀቑಛĄ
138
ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ᄃ็ּ˯ޠڱγఢ۞ؠԛё̙Ⴝ࠹ТĂҭߏٺࢨצ༊ॡ UNCLOS ؠט ॡ۞ࡊጯྤੈ̙֖ٙౄјĄϦ֏̝Ă఼૱ּ۞ޠڱγఢځົؠቁؠዋ ϡ۞୧ІĂҭĶ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ֭՟ѣЇңּγ۞ڶېዋϡ୧ІĂΞਕट ٽጱּޠڱγ୧ഠྋᛖ۞̙˘ّĄҭߏĂд 1999 ѐ CLCS ο CLCS Guidelines ॡĂ̏གྷ၆ٺĶгኳķƟĶ̂ͽܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣ѣՀྎ ۞ࡊጯࡁտྤੈ֭೩ዋϡ۞୧ІĄЯѩĂּγ୧ഠ۞ྋᛖᑕࢦ̂ ̙˘ّ۞ႷᇋĄ ޢĂࡶтТĶᏴፄᙯܼķ۞ᄲڱĂ৷ოͽᕖૺ઼छঔાგᔑᝋ༊ү ˘ϲڱϫ۞Ăົنர UNCLOS ࣧώࣘᜪ൴ण઼̚छ۞ૺᄃჯ᜕ˠᙷВ Тᚶٚੑய۞ࢦࢋჟৠĞYu & Wu, 2011: 324ğĄ͍Ă༊ॡኜк൴ण઼̚ छ۞೩९Ăӈߏࢋࢨטঔᝋٕࡊԫ൴྿઼छ۞ঔ߶гĂЯ҃дᑢ̂ౙᒨ ᆸఢؠॡĂ̖ົೳୢĶฟ൴ΞਕّķᇾĄ68 ѩγĂᓑЪ઼̂ົд UNCLOS ኘҿ݈Ăഅ఼ѣ࿅ѣᙯঔغăঔԖ̈́ڼ˿غநࣧ۞ՙᛉ͛Ą 69 ܑϯ UNCLOS ۞ĶડાķޘטĂ̙ᑕజ৷ო઼छგᔑᝋᕖૺࠎϫ۞̝γ̂ౙᒨ ᆸޘטٙᗼĞFranckx, 2010: 546-547ğĄЯѩĂд CLCS ͽгኳᙋፂՀਕ Ξያг FOS Ҝཉ۞ଐڶćٕ۰Ăܑϯ˵઼ثڻՀਕΞያᙋځĶгᄻķ ˯̂ౙཙតજ̝̂ᕇ̙ߏ FOSĂ҃Ķ࠹ͅᙋځķ୧ഠ̚۞Ķгኳķ ƟĶ̂ͽܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣༊үּγّኳĂ၁ᅫ˯ѣӄٺჯĶડ ાķ۞ޘטᘦؠĄ 70 ᖎ֏̝Ăૄٺಏ˘̂ౙᒨᆸڱநăּޠڱγ୧ഠྋᛖ۞˘ّăͽ̈́ Ķડાķ۞ޘטԆፋّඈˬ࣎ࢬШĂώ͛ᄮࠎ CLCS ۞ĶгᄻķƟĶ̂ౙ
68
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дன̫ UNCLOS ᔘ՟ѣ߉Җ݈Ă͟ώᚱ۞઼ᅫ̈ءڱੰڱϣൄഅགྷܧ૱ೌ៍гĂ ࡶᜈଳϡĶฟ൴Ξਕّᇾķүࠎγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ࠧࢨĂঔغٙѣડાజБ ొ઼छ̟ͽϝ̶ĞOda, 1989: 167ğĄ ࣧՙᛉ͛ЩჍࠎĈDeclaration of Principles Governing the Sea-Bed and the Ocean Floor, and the Subsoil Thereof, beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction (UN General Assembly, 1970). ְ၁˯ĂࡶА̙ኢᏴፄּٕγᙯܼĂഅѣጯ۰д၁ᅫࢍზՕ᎕ޘݓ۞جॡĂᄱ मѣΞਕ྿ 10% νΠĄЯѩĂଂጐณࢫҲ̙ቁّٕؠᆧΐྤੈֽޘ֎۞ޘځᄲĂ CLCS ٙଳּ۞פγᙯܼྋᛖĂ၆ჯĶડાķޘטቁ၁ѣܧ૱ࢦࢋ۞ຍཌྷĞMcNab, 2004: 5ğĄ
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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غតજ̝̂ᕇķࠎࣧĂĶгኳķƟĶ̂ͽܧౙغតજ̝̂ᕇ｣ ࠎּγ̙҃ߏᏴፄᙯܼ۞ྋᛖĂᑕЪநЪώีϲڱϫ۞Ą
αăҋؼҩࣧᄃঔਖ д઼ᅫڱጯࠧ̚Ҭͼᄮࠎ̂ౙᒨᆸ̚ޘטӧᙱ۞ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ̝ ˘ĂӈߏѣᙯЧঔਖд۞˯ޠڱྋᛖዋϡયᗟĄᔵдௐЁొ̶̏ᇶॡ ᕩৼ CLCS ѣᙯ̙Тঔਖ۞ࢋІĂдѩܐՎଣտྍඈࢋІᄃ̂ౙᒨᆸ ޘטม۞ЪநّĄְ၁˯ĂЧঔਖ۞̶ᙷ८͕યᗟĂֶҋؼҩࣧ ̚տౣᑕଳĶгᄻķٕĶгኳķࠎࢋᄮؠᇾѣᙯĄࢵАĂੵ˞݈ ࡻ઼ֲڗफޙᛉ९̚Ăࡻ઼ؕૺྍफдĶгኳķ˯Ăᄃ̂Ҙ߶̚߶ ਖ࠹ాତ҃Ъ CLCS ҋؼҩ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾγĂ˵ΞͽТᇹૄٺ Ķгኳķాᜈّᄮ߶̚ྍؠਖ˯۞ᗓࢨטቢĄӈܮన CLCS ତ઼ࡻצ Ķгኳķҋؼҩ۞ૺֳ҃ѣγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĂҭГซ˘Վֶፂ݈ ѣᙯ CLCS ၆ЧĶঔ̚гķࢨטቢ۞ᇾᕩৼĂĶঔ߶غਖķ۞ࢨט ቢᅮаᕩͽĶгᄻķాᜈّ̟ͽᄮؠĂͷĶঔغгķ۞ࢨטቢՀࢋТॡ ЪĶгᄻķᄃĶгኳķాᜈّᇾĄѩॡĂֲڗफ۞̂Ҙ߶̚߶ਖտ ᑕዋϡĶঔ߶غਖķٕĶঔ̚гķ۞ࢨטቢĂ˵ಶົயϠ۞˯ޠڱ႒߽Ą ҭߏâ࣎۞˯ޠڱ႒߽տౣߏ CLCS ၆ЧĶঔ̚гķ۞ྋᛖ̙Ъ நٙĂԺٕߏࡻ઼۞ૺ̙Ъ ٺUNCLOS ٙĉͽ˭ӈซ˘ՎᄲځĄ ְ၁˯Ăঘ̈́ זUNCLOS ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ݈߱ᄃ͛߱ޢф˯۞मளĄ тௐЁొ̶ٙĂЪௐ 6 ഠ߱ޢĶঔغгķ۞ؠཌྷߏᛳٺĶ̂ౙᙝ ҋၹјొ̶ķĂ˵ಶߏ CLCS Guidelines ٙ̚ᏜĶЇңᆧϠд̂ౙᙝ˯۞ гഥ༤ٕՕ᎕ແķćೱ֏̝Ăߏ˘࣎ĶгኳķࢋІĞGao, 2012: 130ğĄ ࠹ͅгĂௐ 6 ഠ݈߱ѣᙯĶঔ߶غਖķ۞ࢨטቢఢ̚ؠĂ֭Ϗΐ˯࠹ᙷҬ ۞гኳࢋІćЯѩĂĶঔ߶غਖķ่ᅮЪĶгᄻķᇾӈ֖̏ૉĄՀࢦ ࢋ۰Ăॲፂ CLCS ؎ࣶ Harald Brekke Philip Symonds ۞ᄲڱĂΪࢋЪ Ķгᄻķҋؼҩᇾ̂ౙᙝ˯۞ঔ̚гĂCLCS ಶυืซ˘Վቁᄮѣ Ķгኳķ˯۞ాᜈّĄࡶѣĂ೩९઼ᔘυืซ˘Վಶૺؼҩ۞ᗓĂ ̈́࠹ᑕ̝ĶгኳķᙋፂӮ೩Ϲ CLCS ቁᄮĞBrekke & Symonds, 2011: 302ć Egede, 2004: 159ğĄ࣐೩९઼ૺྍĶঔغгķ۞ࢨטቢ࿅ 350 ঔ֧
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
ॡĂ೩९઼ӈυื೩ 350 ঔ֧ͽ˯۞ĶгኳķᙋፂĊೱ֏̝Ă೩९઼୬ ዋϡĶঔ߶غਖķĶঔغгķٙᅮ܅۞јώѣ࠹༊λ̂۞मளćٕ ۰ᄲዋϡĶঔغгķ۞ᇾᑕͧĶঔ߶غਖķĄ ࡶ˯ௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ۞ఢؠѣגຍឰዋϡĶঔ߶غਖķᄃĶঔغ гķࢨטቢѣ̙Тܝᕣ̝ϫ۞Ă۞઼ࡻૺΞਕᄃώഠ۞ϲڱϫ۞࠻Ҭ ̙ԆБ˘ĄϺӈĂĶঔ߶غਖķגຍଳפᙋځјώྵҲ۞Ķгᄻķాᜈ ّᇾĂҭĶঔغгķଳϡјώྵ۞ĶгᄻķᄃĶгኳķాᜈّᇾć ֤ᆃĂӈڗֲܮफଳפĶгኳķҋؼҩ۞ଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾĂ˵ޢ Ξਕົརˢ՟ѣវࢨטቢዋϡ۞ૄޠڱᖂĄҭߏĂтڍĶгᄻķߏͧྵ Ҳ۞ܝᕣᇾĂࠎ̦ᆃ઼̙ثڻਕдௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ՟ѣͽ͛ځĶгኳķᙋ ፂᄮؠĶঔ߶غਖķ۞ࢨ˭טĂᏴፄͽܝᕣྵ۞ྋᛖᇾĉೱ֏̝Ă ࡶώഠ۞ዋϡᇾӈܮԼࠎĶгᄻٕгኳాᜈّƟঔ߶غਖ v. гᄻᄃгኳ ాᜈّƟঔغгķĂᑕΞТᇹࣘᜪ̙ТܝᕣҲ۞ϲڱϫ۞Ą˫Ăࡶ৷ ოଂ͛ཌྷ۞֎࠻ֽޘĂొ̶ጯ۰ࠤҌᄮࠎΪѣঔਖٕᙷҬঔਖඕၹ۞ঔ̚ гؕᅮዋϡώഠٙᏜĶ̂ౙᙝҋၹјొ̶ķ۞гኳࢋІĄϺӈĂΪѣ ྍഠ߱ޢĶঔέăঔษăঔपăຳᝎыķᑕዋϡĶгኳķࢋІĂ аᕩዋϡĶгᄻķࢋІӈΞĞBrekke & Symonds, 2011: 302-303ğĄ ώ͛ͽࠎĂଂҋؼҩࣧ۞ϲڱϫ۞Ăᄃ݈Ķгᄻķᙋፂ۞ᄲڇ ّΑਕ࠹ТĄϺӈĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠ̙ᑕଵੵͽĶгኳķࢋІᄮؠĶঔ߶غ ਖķ۞ΞਕّĂҭ઼ثڻυืՀ۞ᓝᙋయЇĄϤٺҋؼҩࣧТॡ ۷˞ឰࡗ઼ᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋĂͽ̈́ቁܲѣˠᙷВТᚶٚੑய۞Ķડ ાķצ̙ޘטᗼ۞ӀৈćЯѩĂ၆఼ٺ૱дঔؼغҩᗓົྵ۞ܜঔ̚ гۏĂՀᑕڦຍߏӎᜪ̈́זӀৈπᏊ۞ޠڱྋᛖĄт݈ٙĂϤٺĶгᄻķ ᙋፂѣ CLCS टٽ८၁۞ޘᄲّڇΑਕćЯѩĂੵܧѣځពࢦ̂۞ந ϤγĂ̙ᑕࢋՐ઼ثڻυืԆБͽјώྵ۞ĶгኳķᙋፂࠎૄᖂĂᙋځ Ъγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ĶଂᛳᝋӀᑭរᇾķᄃ FOSĄ࠹ͅгĂࡶࢋ઼ثڻ ԆБͽĶгኳķҋؼҩүࠎቁᄮγ̂ౙᒨᆸĶࢨטቢķ۞ቑಛĂ˵ᑕ ྍАᙋځңͽĶгᄻķᙋፂ̙֖ͽүࠎቁᄮγ̂ౙᒨᆸĶࢨטቢķ۞ந ϤĄፂѩĂௐ 76 ୧ௐ 6 ഠĶࢨטቢķఢؠᄃௐ 4 ഠĶ̳ёቢķఢؠĂТᇹ ѣТॡπᏊ઼ثڻᕖૺঔાგᔑᝋᄃቁܲĶડાķ۞ޘטᏊπϫ۞Ă҃
߆ࡊڼጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡
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Ξௐ 76 ୧ௐ 4 ഠ (b) ۞ၹјࢋІĂᙷଯዋϡٺௐ 6 ഠѣᙯĶঔ߶غਖķ˯Ą
߭ăඕኢ ΐٛ៉д 2012 ѐ ITLOS ۞ҿՙͽ̈́ 2014 ѐΐٛᄃО۞ޘঔાထ ࠧЅޢĂ̂˯ˬ઼̝ม۞ঔાგᔑᝋ̏ӘቁؠĄ઼҃ีᅫՙĂ Тॡֽ˞ځޝពг઼ᅫᙯܼᄃ઼ᅫ۞˯ڱᇆᜩĄд઼ᅫᙯܼ۞ᆸѨ˯Ă О่̙ޘΞ๕˧ᛈ֎ĂՀ͕ٸгؼҩז౫̱ϥঔदćТॡĂځޝពгĂ ѐОޘдݑঔ۞གྷᑻᄃְ֟ਝ߿જ˵͟ᔌᐛᓄĞRoche, 2015ğĄ˫Ă ΐٛд࣎ՙቁޢؠĂΐٛ߆̏عጱΡฟĶᖡҒགྷᑻົᛉķĂࢎ ઼ྍؠдΐٛ៉۞ঔ߶གྷᑻ൴णᛉĞBrewster, 2014ğĄޢĂոᄃ ͟ώ˵ߏдҿՙቁޢؠĂд͟ώщࢺॢˬࢵ࠹ ٺ2014 ѐٙ೩̝Ķΐٛ ៉̍ຽјώķĞBay of Bengal Industrial Growth Beltğ࣍ᛉߛၹ˭ĞJapan International Cooperation Agency, 2014ğĂฟؕૻ̼ྍ઼дΐٛ៉ঔث ᙝ̝ૄᖂన߉Ă֭ᄃ͟ώ̳ΦЪүĞBrewster, 2014ğĄϤѩ९І۞ޢᜈ൴ णֽ࠻Ăΐٛ៉ᙝ઼छ࿅઼ᅫۋ۞ڱბྋՙԔĂٙԆј۞ঔાგ ᔑᝋထࠧĂ၆ྍડા઼ᅫᙯܼ۞ᇆᜩ̙ट̈㌿Ą҃ѩѨΐٛ៉઼छјΑ ᖣϤҿՙྋՙۋბྋՙ۞ሀёĂд઼ᅫม˵ฟؕனኢͽ̼טڱሀ ёĂԓ୕઼̚ᄃݑঔᙝ઼छĂ̼ྋϫ݈ు႙̿۞ݑঔঔાۋბΞਕّ ĞBateman, 2014ğĄ ̙ኢϏֽݑঔٕࠤҌֲڌѣۋბ۞ঔાĂߏӎົтТΐٛ៉઼ छĂՙ઼ͽؠᅫՙ͞ёྋՙۋბĂώ͛ٙଣ۞ ITLOS ҿՙٕ CLCS ޙ ᛉ९̚۞ĶҋؼҩࣧķĂౌߏ၆ѩѨΐٛ៉߆˯ޠڱٕڼ၆઼ثڻ ᝋٕგᔑᝋҖֹ̝ቑಛĂѣࢦ̂ᇆᜩ۞ޠڱયᗟĂͷ˵ົᜈᇆᜩϏ ֽѣᙯγ̂ౙᒨᆸቑಛ۞ྋᛖĄҭߏĂଂ 1969 ѐ ICJ Δঔ̂ౙᒨᆸ९ͽޢĂ ၆̂ٺౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧྋᛖĂੵ˞д UNCLOS ࢦזצྵ݈ͧؠטෛ γĂUNCLOS ֭ޢؠט՟ѣ͉זצк۞ᙯڦĄଂޠڱྋᛖ۞֎ֽޘᄲĂ ࢋߏЯࠎᛳགྷᑻঔા۞ޘטனĂͽ̈́ௐ 76 ୧ૄώ˯̏གྷଳϡૄ઼ثڻ ޠڱٺĞipso jureğĂ҃ܧгந୧І פ200 ঔ֧̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ᝋӀĄҭߏĂ ಶтТ ICJ д݈ 1985 ѐӀֲͧ v. Ⴌ̂ౙᒨᆸ९ٙ۰Ă200 ঔ֧
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ኢγ̂ౙᒨᆸ۞ҋؼҩࣧĈ
ች؞ԗ
ͽ 2012 ѐ ITLOS ΐٛ v. ոঔાထࠧ९ࠎ͕̚
̰۞̂ౙᒨᆸפՙ˯ޠڱٺٙఢ۞ؠᗓᇾĄ 71 ೱ֏̝Ăࡶࢋֳѣ࿅ 200 ঔ֧γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĂᔘߏົѣޠڱᄃҋЯ৵۞ტЪ҂ณĄ ̙გߏଂ 2010 ѐ CLCS ۞ࡻ઼ֲڗޙᛉ९ޢĂٕ 2012 ѐΐٛƟ ո९͔ٙ۞ኢΞ൴னĂ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸҋؼҩࣧ۞ ޠڱྋᛖયᗟ̙ᑕГజنෛĄࡻ઼дШᓑЪ઼৪३ܜٙᅍϹ۞ԩᛉγϹ ົ̚ӈഅĂྍ઼ົᜈᙯޢڦᜈޙᛉ९၆ٺĶҋؼҩķăĶஎ߶߶ غķͽ̈́ĶгᄻᐹАّķඈˬีྋᛖĄࡻ઼˵ซ˘ՎܑϯĂࡶ CLCS Լត ֍ྋĂࡻ઼ѣΞਕଳ࠹פᑕ۞ҖજĄᔵࡻ઼՟ѣᄲځҖજ۞ ຍஉĂҭߏӎܑϯࡻ઼Ξਕࢋࢦ೩ֲڗफ۞೩९ĉт ڍCLCS ᙷҬڱ ੰĶଯᖙķࣧА۞Їң֍ޠڱྋĂͷѣΞਕͽᕖૺࣧ̏ତޙצᛉ९۞ ೩९઼ᝋӀĂࣧ೩९઼ߏӎΞͽࢋՐ CLCS ࢦາᆶநĉٕ۰ĂCLCS ˵ ᑕྍᙷזצҬĶҿՙАּٲՁࣧķ۞ٲՁĉֱౌߏ CLCS ฟؕϒё ᆶந۞઼ثڻγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९ੈिޢĂឰҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖд˫˯ޠڱ ฟؕࢦזצෛ۞યᗟĄ 72 Ξͽቁؠ۰Ă̙გ CLCS ͟ߏޢӎົԼត˯ˬ࣎ᙯᔣયᗟ۞ޠڱ ྋᛖĂ࿅ώࡁտΞ൴ன CLCS ၆ٺҋؼҩࣧଳ࠹ߏ۞פ༊ࢦෛĶг ᄻķ۞͕̚៍ᕇĄҭώࡁտᄮࠎĂܑ̙֭ĶҋؼҩࣧķΪߏĶҋ гᄻؼҩࣧķĂ҃ߏૄٺĶгᄻķᙋፂ۞ᄲّڇᆊࣃĂֹࡗ઼ᄃ CLCS ้Шͽٺгᄻᙋፂүࠎૺᄃᆶߤγ̂ౙᒨᆸ೩९۞͕̚ĄՀࢦࢋ۰ĂĶҋ 71
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ѣᙯ 200 ঔ֧̰۞̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀଳĶᗓķᇾĂ҃ 200 ঔ֧γ۞γ̂ౙᒨᆸᝋ ӀଳפĶҋؼҩķᇾ۞ീĂд 1985 ѐ۞ӀֲͧƟႬ̂ౙᒨᆸထࠧ९̝ޢĂ ӈѣጯ۰ྍ၁ᅫ˯ྍҿՙ˞ؠۺҋؼҩࣧĂдѣᙯ࿅ 200 ঔ֧۞γ̂ౙᒨ ᆸᚶᜈԷႊࢦࢋ۞ᝋӀૄᖂĄ̝ͅĂ200 ঔ֧̰۞̂ౙᒨᆸᝋӀĂٕ 400 ঔ֧̰۞ ̂ౙᒨᆸထࠧĂಶ৷ოפՙٺĶᗓᇾķĂͽҺТॡᇆᜩזᛳགྷᑻঔા۞ޘטщ ّؠĞTanaka, 2013: 135ćAnderson, 1998: 96ğĄ ༊Ăϫ݈ޝᙱຐညࡻ઼ޢᜈົଳפҖજĄҭᑕڦຍ۰ĂUNCLOS ௐỊ̏ొ̶۞ ۋბྋՙ፟טĂ֭՟ѣଵੵγ̂ౙᒨᆸੈि೩९઼ͽγ۞ௐˬ઼ͽ઼̈́ᅫঔغგந ԊĂΞਕົ࿅෦ٕЅԔĂ߄ጼ೩९઼ֶፂ CLCS ޙᛉ९ٙထ۞ؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸ ࠧࢨĞSuarez, 2008: 232-235ğĄᔵ CLCS ̙జᄮࠎѣ෦ٕЅԔ۞༊ְˠਕ ˧Ăҭࡶৌ۞ѣ࠹ᙯ९ІĂܑϯ CLCS ۞ޙᛉ९ۡତдੰڱѣ˯ޠڱזצᆶߤ۞Ξ ਕّĄፂѩĂϏֽ CLCS д࣎९̚ѣᙯҋؼҩࣧ۞ྋᛖᄃዋϡ൴णĂӈܮ၆ٺϫ ݈̏གྷቁؠγ̂ౙᒨᆸࠧࢨ۞઼छֽᄲĂ̪ѣሕд۞ᇆᜩΞਕĄ
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ણ҂३ϫ ˘ă͛̚ొ̶ ࠱ݹѰĂ2004ĂĮ઼ᅫঔ߶ڱįĂέΔξĈጯ̼͛ڒĄ γϹొĂ2009Ă IJ̚රϔ઼̂ౙᒨᆸγొࠧࢨᓏځij ĂγϹొშࢱĂhttp://www. mofa.gov.tw/News_Content_M_2.aspx?n=5028B03CED127255&sms=5ED 24855AD8E6C58&s=E250B02D16CDA92EĂ2015/9/23Ą
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On the Natural Prolongation Principle of Outer Continental Shelf * Chi-ting Tsai**
Abstract In 2012, International Tribunal of Law of the Sea (“ITLOS”) issued its first maritime delimitation judgment on Bangladesh v. Myanmar. The said judgment raised a very important debate among both the academics and the judges about how to interpret the natural prolongation principle of continental shelf extended over 200 nautical miles provided in Article 76 of United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”). Some scholars argue that the natural prolongation principle has become only a political myth in UNCLOS after the said judgment, whereas some scholars argue that the importance of the principle is actually reconfirmed. Moreover, whether the natural prolongation principle is a natural “geomorphological” or “geological” principle also raised different opinions in the said judgment. This article aims to respond to this debate by analyzing various International Court of Justice’s judgments and outer continental shelf recommendations issued by the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf in the recent years. There are three key research findings. Firstly, the concept of natural “geological” prolongation principle adopted in Bangladesh v. Myanmar case should be regarded as an exceptional situation, a result of the special circumstance of the Bay of Bengal provided by UNCLOS. Secondly, the natural prolongation principle is still an indispensable legal element provided in UNCLOS and not just a political myth. Third, geomorphological evidence plays an important
* DOI:10.6166/TJPS.65 (103-150) ** Assistant Professor, Department of Dolitical Science, National Taiwan University. E-mail: [email protected]
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probative function in the regime of outer continental shelf, which does not exclude geological evidence to be used in the natural prolongation principle and also preserves the stability of the common heritage of mankind in the area. Keywords: Continental Shelf, Natural Prolongation Principle, Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, Area
