Physics 1307 Practice Quiz 6 Chapter 9 Problem I : Helium balloon What volume V of helium is needed if a balloon is to lift a load of 800 kg (including the weight of the empty balloon)? Problem II: Pumping water Water at pressure of 3.8 atm at street level flows into an office building at speed of 0.60 m/s through a pipe 5.0 cm in diameter. The pipes taper down to 2.6 cm in diameter by the top floor, 20 m above. Calculate the flow velocity and the pressure in such pipe on the top floor. Ignore viscosity. Pressures are gauge pressures. SOLUTIONS Problem I First, a graph of the situation and then the application of Newton's second law :
FB
The buoyant force on the helium, F B which is equal to the weight of displaced air, must be at least equal to the weight of the helium plus the load:
F B = mHe 800 kg g
wHe
using the density of the air and helium we can write
air gV =He V 800 kg g
solving for V we find
V=
wload
800 kg air −He
1/2
=
800 kg 3
1.29 kg/ m −0.18 kg /m
3
=720 m 3
Problem II We start with a picture of the system with the information given:
0.013 m
The flow velocity is given by the equation of continuity:
Faucet 2
A 1 v 1= A 2 v 2 r 12 v 1= r 22 v 2 20 m
solving for v 2 we find:
v1=0.6 m/s
1
PC=3.8 atm
0.025 m
h=0
v 2=v 1
r 12 r 22
=0.60 m / s
0.025 m
2
0.013 m2
=2.22 m /s
To obtain the pressure in the faucet at the top floor we need to use Bernoulli's equation. We will apply the equation to points 1 and 2 defined in the diagram.
1
2
1
5
Point 1: P1 v 1 g h1=3.8×10 Pa 1×10
2
1
2
1
3
kg
m
m
s
0.6 3
2
m 2 m 3 kg Point 2: P 2 v 2 g h 2=P 2 10 3 2.22 10 3 ×9.8 2 20 m 2 2 s m m s 2
3
kg
5
equating these two equations and solving for the (gauge) pressure we get P2 =1.8×10 Pa .