Rick Cruse Soil and Water Resources Vision
Iowa
Soil and Water Resources Vision Rick Cruse Department of Agronomy Iowa Water Center
Reminder #1 All living organisms require water
Reminder #2 Soil and water issues are global Global events, activities, and climate directly and indirectly affect Iowa soil and water resources
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report During the next 50 years, demand for food crops is
projected to grow by 70–85% under the MA scenarios, and demand for water by between 30% and 85%.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report –Main Findings1 The supply of fresh water continues to be reduced
by severe pollution from anthropogenic sources in many parts of the world.
1http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.276.aspx.pdf
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report –Main Findings1 Water scarcity is a globally significant and
accelerating condition for 1–2 billion people worldwide, leading to problems with food production, human health, and economic development.
1http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.276.aspx.pdf
Terrain Suitability Index Soil and Terrain Suitability Index (SI) for a Range of Rain-Fed Crops and Pasture Types for the Current Climate
Fischer, et al., 2002: Global agro-ecological assessment for agriculture in the 21st century: methodology and results. Research Report RR-02-02. ISBN 3-7045-0141-7., International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, 119 pp. [Online at http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/Papers/gaea.pdf] Cited in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group II, Ch. 5, p. 280.
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Summary for Policy Makers
World Population Distribution 1998
www.countrywatch.com
Oki, Taikan and Shinjiro Kanae. 2006. Global hydrological cycles and world water resources. Science. 313:1068-1072 Published by AAAS
Irrigation ~ 40% of world food comes from 18% of world’s
cropland1
India 3/5 of grain harvest China 4/5 of grain harvest
1W
Danielle Nierenberg, Linda Starke and Erik Assadourian. 2007 State of the World – 2006. World Watch Institute.
Percent of Land Under Irrigation
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue • Livermore, CA 94550
Wheat Production Records from Countries Across the Globe - 2005
FAOSTAT, 2005. Crops Primary data last updated July 14, 2005, Food Supply Data last updated Aug 27, 2004.
China Population
China Wheat Production Tend
CBOT
India Wheat Production
Chicago Board of Trade
Factors of Iowa’s Vision Continued global population growth Reduced expansion of irrigated lands Or possible loss of irrigated lands Human consumption needs preempting irrigation Increased frequency of climate stress on existing
productive lands
Possible loss of rain fed lands
Increased demands on land for food, feed, and fuel
Iowa Reminder #1 Soil quality has decreased over the past
50 years1
1Jessica Veenstra
– personal communication
Iowa Reminder #2 NO3-N Concentration (mg/L)
NO3-N Concentration in the Raccoon River at Des Moines
20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 1972
Annual Max Annual Mean
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
Data provided by Chris Jones Des Moines Water Works
Iowa Reminder #3 Frequency of extreme rainfall events is increasing
Iowa Reminder #4 Corn yields are increasing
Workshop on Soil & Water Conservation and Iowa’s Future Agriculture June 26, 2008
Carol Williams, Rick Cruse, Matt Liebman, Kendall Lamkey
The Summit for Visioning Iowa’s Future Agriculture Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University
Tabitha Adkins (USEPA, Region 7) Harry Arentz (West Central Co-op) David Baker (Beginning Farmers Center) Dan Breedlove (USEPA, Region 7) Sarah Carlson (Practical Farmers of Iowa) Jerry Fitzgerald (Lobbyist, pork producers) Susan Heathcote (Iowa Environmental Council) Beth Larabee (Leopold Center) Sean McMahon (The Nature Conservancy) Tina Mowry (facilitator) James Newman (ISU, Ag Systems Engineering) Rick Robinson (Iowa Farm Bureau) Deb Ryun (Iowa Soil & Water Conservation Districts) Duane Sand (Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation) Jeff Schnell (Iowa Pork Producers) Max Schnepf (ret., USDA) Marvin Shirley (Iowa Farmers Union) Angie Tagtow (Food & Society Policy Fellow) Mark Tomer (USDA Tilth Lab) Carol Williams (ISU, Agronomy) Brian Wilsey (ISU, EEOB) Roger Wolf (Iowa Soybean Association)
Iowa Soil and Water Issues Re-establishment of resilience, system-wide and on-
farm
Extreme weather events Seasonal weather pattern shifts Increasing volatility of grain prices Increasing volatility of energy costs Rapidly increasing production costs
Iowa Soil and Water Issues Use of watershed-based and science-based approaches Increase use of targeted approaches Sophisticated science based decision tools Community involvement
Iowa Soil and Water Issues Greater farmer empowerment Land ownership Greater production choice Entrepreneurism
Iowa Soil and Water Issues Implementation of proactive policy
Iowa Vision Increased world need for food, feed, and biofuel Increased demand for Iowa grown products Increased pressure on Iowa’s soil and water resources Increasing frequency of intense precipitation events Increased soil and water degradation Increased flooding frequency Flood plain activity will increase Residence and construction issues Soil and water conservation issues
Iowa Vision Absentee land ownership will rise Continue to incentivize one-dimensional agriculture Require increase political creativity for soil and water conservation Require redirection of land management educational efforts Science based solutions Targeting Increases sophistication in seeking solutions
Lidar Wetlands
Rainfed and Irrigated Ag. Land Rainfed – 1.13 billion ha Irrigated – 0.4 billion ha Total – 1.53 billion ha Potential rainfed lands – 3.29 billion ha
Biradar C.M., Thenkabail P.S., Noojipady, P., Li, Y.J., Dheeravath, V., Velpuri, M., Turral H., Cai, X. L., and Ganguntla, O.R., 2007. A Global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) using time-series data from multiple satellite sensors. International Journal of Remote Sensing.
Soil and Water Resources Vision Rick Cruse Department of Agronomy Iowa Water Center
Reminder #1 All living organisms require water
Reminder #2 Soil and water issues are global Global events, activities, and climate directly and indirectly affect Iowa soil and water resources
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report During the next 50 years, demand for food crops is
projected to grow by 70–85% under the MA scenarios, and demand for water by between 30% and 85%.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report –Main Findings1 The supply of fresh water continues to be reduced
by severe pollution from anthropogenic sources in many parts of the world.
1http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.276.aspx.pdf
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report –Main Findings1 Water scarcity is a globally significant and
accelerating condition for 1–2 billion people worldwide, leading to problems with food production, human health, and economic development.
1http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.276.aspx.pdf
Terrain Suitability Index Soil and Terrain Suitability Index (SI) for a Range of Rain-Fed Crops and Pasture Types for the Current Climate
Fischer, et al., 2002: Global agro-ecological assessment for agriculture in the 21st century: methodology and results. Research Report RR-02-02. ISBN 3-7045-0141-7., International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, 119 pp. [Online at http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/Papers/gaea.pdf] Cited in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group II, Ch. 5, p. 280.
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Summary for Policy Makers
World Population Distribution 1998
www.countrywatch.com
Oki, Taikan and Shinjiro Kanae. 2006. Global hydrological cycles and world water resources. Science. 313:1068-1072 Published by AAAS
Irrigation ~ 40% of world food comes from 18% of world’s
cropland1
India 3/5 of grain harvest China 4/5 of grain harvest
1W
Danielle Nierenberg, Linda Starke and Erik Assadourian. 2007 State of the World – 2006. World Watch Institute.
Percent of Land Under Irrigation
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue • Livermore, CA 94550
Wheat Production Records from Countries Across the Globe - 2005
FAOSTAT, 2005. Crops Primary data last updated July 14, 2005, Food Supply Data last updated Aug 27, 2004.
China Population
China Wheat Production Tend
CBOT
India Wheat Production
Chicago Board of Trade
Factors of Iowa’s Vision Continued global population growth Reduced expansion of irrigated lands Or possible loss of irrigated lands Human consumption needs preempting irrigation Increased frequency of climate stress on existing
productive lands
Possible loss of rain fed lands
Increased demands on land for food, feed, and fuel
Iowa Reminder #1 Soil quality has decreased over the past
50 years1
1Jessica Veenstra
– personal communication
Iowa Reminder #2 NO3-N Concentration (mg/L)
NO3-N Concentration in the Raccoon River at Des Moines
20.00 18.00 16.00 14.00 12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 0.00 1972
Annual Max Annual Mean
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
Data provided by Chris Jones Des Moines Water Works
Iowa Reminder #3 Frequency of extreme rainfall events is increasing
Iowa Reminder #4 Corn yields are increasing
Workshop on Soil & Water Conservation and Iowa’s Future Agriculture June 26, 2008
Carol Williams, Rick Cruse, Matt Liebman, Kendall Lamkey
The Summit for Visioning Iowa’s Future Agriculture Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University
Tabitha Adkins (USEPA, Region 7) Harry Arentz (West Central Co-op) David Baker (Beginning Farmers Center) Dan Breedlove (USEPA, Region 7) Sarah Carlson (Practical Farmers of Iowa) Jerry Fitzgerald (Lobbyist, pork producers) Susan Heathcote (Iowa Environmental Council) Beth Larabee (Leopold Center) Sean McMahon (The Nature Conservancy) Tina Mowry (facilitator) James Newman (ISU, Ag Systems Engineering) Rick Robinson (Iowa Farm Bureau) Deb Ryun (Iowa Soil & Water Conservation Districts) Duane Sand (Iowa Natural Heritage Foundation) Jeff Schnell (Iowa Pork Producers) Max Schnepf (ret., USDA) Marvin Shirley (Iowa Farmers Union) Angie Tagtow (Food & Society Policy Fellow) Mark Tomer (USDA Tilth Lab) Carol Williams (ISU, Agronomy) Brian Wilsey (ISU, EEOB) Roger Wolf (Iowa Soybean Association)
Iowa Soil and Water Issues Re-establishment of resilience, system-wide and on-
farm
Extreme weather events Seasonal weather pattern shifts Increasing volatility of grain prices Increasing volatility of energy costs Rapidly increasing production costs
Iowa Soil and Water Issues Use of watershed-based and science-based approaches Increase use of targeted approaches Sophisticated science based decision tools Community involvement
Iowa Soil and Water Issues Greater farmer empowerment Land ownership Greater production choice Entrepreneurism
Iowa Soil and Water Issues Implementation of proactive policy
Iowa Vision Increased world need for food, feed, and biofuel Increased demand for Iowa grown products Increased pressure on Iowa’s soil and water resources Increasing frequency of intense precipitation events Increased soil and water degradation Increased flooding frequency Flood plain activity will increase Residence and construction issues Soil and water conservation issues
Iowa Vision Absentee land ownership will rise Continue to incentivize one-dimensional agriculture Require increase political creativity for soil and water conservation Require redirection of land management educational efforts Science based solutions Targeting Increases sophistication in seeking solutions
Lidar Wetlands
Rainfed and Irrigated Ag. Land Rainfed – 1.13 billion ha Irrigated – 0.4 billion ha Total – 1.53 billion ha Potential rainfed lands – 3.29 billion ha
Biradar C.M., Thenkabail P.S., Noojipady, P., Li, Y.J., Dheeravath, V., Velpuri, M., Turral H., Cai, X. L., and Ganguntla, O.R., 2007. A Global map of rainfed cropland areas (GMRCA) using time-series data from multiple satellite sensors. International Journal of Remote Sensing.
