Supporting Information Antibacterial Activity of Ti3C2Tx MXene
Supporting Information
Antibacterial Activity of Ti3C2Tx MXene Kashif Rasool1, Mohamed Helal1, Adnan Ali1, Chang E. Ren2, Yury Gogotsi2*, and Khaled A. Mahmoud1* 1
Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University
(HBKU), P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar. Fax: +974 44541528 2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute,
Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
1
Figure S1: (A) Photographs of agar plates onto which E. coli (top panel) and B. subtilis (bottom panel) bacterial cells were re-cultivated after treatment for 4 h with a control (a), and 100 µg/mL of Ti3AlC2 (b), ML-Ti3C2Tx (c), and delaminated Ti3C2Tx (d). (B) Percentage growth inhibition of bacterial cells treated with 100 µg/mL of Ti3AlC2, ML-Ti3C2Tx, and delaminated Ti3C2Tx. Error bars represent the standard deviation of triplicate experiments.
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Figure S2: Log reduction of (A) E. coli and (B) B. subtilis treated with Ti3C2Tx and graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous suspension. Bacterial suspensions (107 CFU/mL) were incubated with different Ti3C2Tx and GO concentrations (0-200 µg/mL) at 35 °C for 4 h at 150 rpm shaking speed. Survival rates were obtained by the colony forming count method. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
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Figure S3: A) Log of E. coli and B. subtilis growth in LB media at 35 °C. Initial bacterial suspensions at 105 CFU/mL (black), after 4h incubation (red), and after 4h incubation in presence of 200 µg/mL Ti3C2Tx (green). Survival rates were obtained by the colony forming count method; (B) Bacterial cells viability in LB media in absence (black) and presence (red) of 200 µg/mL Ti3C2Tx. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
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Figure S4: (A) Cell viability measurements and (B) reduction of log (CFU/mL) of E. coli and B. subtilis at different time intervals treated with Ti3C2Tx in aqueous suspension. Bacterial suspensions (107 CFU/mL) were incubated with 200 µg/mL of Ti3C2Tx at 35 °C for 4 h. Survival rates were obtained by the colony forming count method. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
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Figure S5: EDS analysis on the surface of (A) E. coli and (B) B. subtilis after exposure to Ti3C2Tx solutions. Ti peaks are confirming the presence of Ti3C2Tx at the surface of the treated bacteria.
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Figure S6: (A) TEM images of E. Coli whole cells after exposure to 200 µg/mL Ti3C2Tx; (B) the micrograph presents the highly crystalline MXene layers observed from the HRTEM, the arrow refers to the lattice fringe of MXene on the surface of a bacteria, (C) is the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, and (D) is the spot EDS analysis showing Ti and staining U signals from the treated bacteria.
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Figure S7: (A) TEM of B. subtilis whole cells after exposure to 200 µg/mL of Ti3C2Tx; (B) the micrograph presents the highly crystalline MXene layers observed by TEM, the arrow points to lattice fringes of MXene on the surface of the bacteria, (C) is a SAED pattern, and (D) is the spot EDS analysis showing Ti and staining U signals on the surface of the treated bacteria.
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Figure S8: Production of superoxide radical anion (O2.-) during the incubation of XTT (0.4 mM) with Ti3C2Tx colloidal solutions at different concentrations at pH 7.5 in the dark. Incubation with TiO2 (80 µg/mL) was used as a positive control.
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Figure S9: Cell viability of E. coli and B. subtilis in DW and PBS during 4 h of incubation time
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Antibacterial Activity of Ti3C2Tx MXene Kashif Rasool1, Mohamed Helal1, Adnan Ali1, Chang E. Ren2, Yury Gogotsi2*, and Khaled A. Mahmoud1* 1
Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University
(HBKU), P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar. Fax: +974 44541528 2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute,
Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
1
Figure S1: (A) Photographs of agar plates onto which E. coli (top panel) and B. subtilis (bottom panel) bacterial cells were re-cultivated after treatment for 4 h with a control (a), and 100 µg/mL of Ti3AlC2 (b), ML-Ti3C2Tx (c), and delaminated Ti3C2Tx (d). (B) Percentage growth inhibition of bacterial cells treated with 100 µg/mL of Ti3AlC2, ML-Ti3C2Tx, and delaminated Ti3C2Tx. Error bars represent the standard deviation of triplicate experiments.
2
Figure S2: Log reduction of (A) E. coli and (B) B. subtilis treated with Ti3C2Tx and graphene oxide (GO) in aqueous suspension. Bacterial suspensions (107 CFU/mL) were incubated with different Ti3C2Tx and GO concentrations (0-200 µg/mL) at 35 °C for 4 h at 150 rpm shaking speed. Survival rates were obtained by the colony forming count method. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
3
Figure S3: A) Log of E. coli and B. subtilis growth in LB media at 35 °C. Initial bacterial suspensions at 105 CFU/mL (black), after 4h incubation (red), and after 4h incubation in presence of 200 µg/mL Ti3C2Tx (green). Survival rates were obtained by the colony forming count method; (B) Bacterial cells viability in LB media in absence (black) and presence (red) of 200 µg/mL Ti3C2Tx. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
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Figure S4: (A) Cell viability measurements and (B) reduction of log (CFU/mL) of E. coli and B. subtilis at different time intervals treated with Ti3C2Tx in aqueous suspension. Bacterial suspensions (107 CFU/mL) were incubated with 200 µg/mL of Ti3C2Tx at 35 °C for 4 h. Survival rates were obtained by the colony forming count method. Error bars represent the standard deviation.
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Figure S5: EDS analysis on the surface of (A) E. coli and (B) B. subtilis after exposure to Ti3C2Tx solutions. Ti peaks are confirming the presence of Ti3C2Tx at the surface of the treated bacteria.
6
Figure S6: (A) TEM images of E. Coli whole cells after exposure to 200 µg/mL Ti3C2Tx; (B) the micrograph presents the highly crystalline MXene layers observed from the HRTEM, the arrow refers to the lattice fringe of MXene on the surface of a bacteria, (C) is the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern, and (D) is the spot EDS analysis showing Ti and staining U signals from the treated bacteria.
7
Figure S7: (A) TEM of B. subtilis whole cells after exposure to 200 µg/mL of Ti3C2Tx; (B) the micrograph presents the highly crystalline MXene layers observed by TEM, the arrow points to lattice fringes of MXene on the surface of the bacteria, (C) is a SAED pattern, and (D) is the spot EDS analysis showing Ti and staining U signals on the surface of the treated bacteria.
8
Figure S8: Production of superoxide radical anion (O2.-) during the incubation of XTT (0.4 mM) with Ti3C2Tx colloidal solutions at different concentrations at pH 7.5 in the dark. Incubation with TiO2 (80 µg/mL) was used as a positive control.
9
Figure S9: Cell viability of E. coli and B. subtilis in DW and PBS during 4 h of incubation time
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