Tax Increases Ahead: The Impact of the House Budget
No. 2031 May 7, 2007
Tax Increases Ahead: The Impact of the House Budget Resolution, By Congressional District Shanea Watkins, Ph.D. On March 29, the House passed its fiscal year 2008 budget resolution. The House’s budget, if implemented, could increase taxes significantly over the next five years, in turn decreasing job growth, reducing personal income, and weakening the economy. This paper presents state-by-state and district-by-district projections of the likely impact of the House’s budget resolution on the tax burden, jobs, and economic growth.
Taxing Results of the House Budget Resolution The House leadership has proposed to increase spending over the next five years. Given the leadership’s avowed commitment to paying for spending increases, tax revenues will have to rise. Which taxes will have to rise is unclear, as budget resolutions are notoriously short on details. However, the failure of House leaders to include any language addressing the expiring Bush tax cuts of 2001 through 2004 indicates that they could intend to end these tax cuts.1 This, in turn, means that the House leadership could be allowing American taxpayers to assume a large and expensive tax increase upon the expiration of these tax cuts. The House budget resolution has the potential to cost the average American taxpayer an additional $3,026 in taxes. In addition to the increased tax burden, Americans could also see their personal income decrease by an average of $502 dollars due to a weaker economy. Moreover, the budget resolution could damage employment growth, causing about one million
Talking Points • The House budget resolution passed on March 29 has the potential to cost the average American taxpayer $3,026 in additional taxes. In addition to the increased tax burden, Americans could also see their personal income decrease by about $500 due to a weaker economy. • The budget resolution could damage employment growth, causing about one million fewer jobs to be created, and has the potential to damage economic output by over $100 billion nationally. • Some taxpayers, like those in Connecticut District 4 or New York District 18, could see a tax increase of well over $5,000.
This paper, in its entirety, can be found at: www.heritage.org/research/taxes/bg2031.cfm Produced by the Center for Data Analysis Published by The Heritage Foundation 214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE Washington, DC 20002–4999 (202) 546-4400 • heritage.org Nothing written here is to be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of The Heritage Foundation or as an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill before Congress.
No. 2031 fewer jobs to be created, and has the potential to damage economic output by over $100 billion nationally. The average cost of the House budget resolution to each congressional district amounts to the potential loss of 2,284 jobs that would have otherwise been created and a loss in economic output by an average $240 million.1 The culprit for these negative impacts is higher taxes. Many economists believe that higher taxes, particularly on capital, cause the level of private investment to fall, thereby slowing productivity improvements and weakening the earning capacity of households. Wages and business earnings, which are closely tied to productivity, would fall as well. Again, the budget resolution does not contain a detailed tax plan. However, the resolution also is silent on the most important tax policy change since 2001: the expiration of the tax law changes from 2001 through 2004 over the next four years. This paper presents estimates of the potential impact that allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire would have on Americans.2
May 7, 2007
Estimating Economic Effects of Tax Increases This paper uses an earlier dynamic analysis of the 2001 and 2003 tax acts as a basis for estimating how allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire is likely to affect the U.S. economy. In that dynamic analysis, analysts in the Center for Data Analysis (CDA) at The Heritage Foundation used two models to estimate the economic and budget effects of permanently extending provisions of the Bush tax cuts. They used the CDA microsimulation model of the federal individual income tax and Global Insight’s shortterm U.S. macroeconomic model.3 CDA analysts simulated the economic and budget effects of allowing a number of the provisions of the 2001 and 2003 tax acts to expire in 2010.4 They did not include alternative minimum tax (AMT) relief, which the House leadership also proposes, in their analysis. They measured the economic and revenue effects presented against the Congressional Budget Office’s baseline economic and budgetary projections.5 Those projections assume normal levels of economic, population, and employment growth over the next five years. Those also assume the expi-
1. It is the policy of the resolution to extend the child tax credit, the 10-percent marginal income tax bracket, and marriage penalty relief, and to reform the estate tax. These reforms would be conditional upon the availability of reserve funds. Form more information in the policy of the House budget resolution, see http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname= 110_cong_bills&docid=f:hc99rh.txt.pdf. 2. The state-level average tax liability estimates are based on provision-by-provision national-level estimates of tax collection changes following expiration, as prepared by the Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation. These estimates were summed for the years 2001 through 2017, and taxpayer averages were taken for each year. State-level averages were calculated based on a sharing of these national averages by state income levels. For the state-level estimates, see http://atr.org/content/pdf/2007/march/032307ot-housebudget.pdf. 3. The Global Insight model is used by private-sector and government economists to estimate how changes in the economy and public policy are likely to affect major economic indicators. The methodologies, assumptions, conclusions, and opinions presented here are entirely the work of analysts at The Heritage Foundation’s Center for Data Analysis. They have not been endorsed by, and do not necessarily reflect the views of, the owners of the Global Insight model. 4. For additional analysis of the positive effects of extending the Bush tax cuts, see Tracy L. Foertsch and Ralph A. Rector, “The 2001 and 2003 Bush Tax Cuts: Economic Effects of Permanent Extension,” Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 1361, February 15, 2007, at www.heritage.org/Research/Taxes/wm1361.cfm, and Tracy L. Foertsch and Ralph A. Rector, “A Dynamic Analysis of the 2001 and 2003 Bush Tax Cuts: Applying Alternative Techniques for Calibrating Macroeconomic and Microsimulation Models,” Heritage Foundation Center for Data Analysis Report No. CDA06-10, November 22, 2006, at www.heritage.org/Research/Taxes/cda06-10.cfm. 5. The projections are measured against the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO) January 2006 baseline economic and budgetary projections. CBO produces what is called a current-law baseline. A current-law baseline embodies the rules and conventions governing a current services federal budget. This means that over the 10-year budget period CBO assumes no changes in tax provisions or tax rates other than those already specified in current law. It also means that CBO assumes the continuation of current levels of federal spending. For more information, see Congressional Budget Office, “The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2007 to 2016,” at www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/70xx/doc7027/01-26-BudgetOutlook.pdf).
page 2
No. 2031 ration of all provisions of the 2001 and 2003 tax acts at the end of calendar year 2010. National estimates from this CDA analysis became the basis for the state and congressional district data in the attached tables.6 CDA analysts aggregated additional data used for this subnational analysis. State population estimate data were obtained from the Census Bureau,7 and personal income data were obtained from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.8 Data on economic output by state were also obtained from the Bureau of Economic Analysis,9 and employment data were collected from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.10 CDA analysts allocated these state estimates across congressional districts using data from the American Community Survey.11 Specifically, data were collected on total population, total non-farm employment, median household income, and aggregate income12 for each congressional district.13 Each of these figures was used to calculate the district’s shares of the state tax increase, personal income loss, job loss, and loss in gross domestic product (GDP). Congressional district shares were calculated as follows:
May 7, 2007 1. The estimated tax increase for each congressional district was calculated using median household income. First, the average median household income was calculated for each state. This number was then used to create an adjuster for each congressional district based on how its median household income compares to this calculated average. For example, if the median household income in a congressional district was $36,000 and the state average was $30,000, the district had a median income that was 20 percent higher than the state average ($36,000/$30,000 = .20). Because tax burden is based on income, the state tax increase figure was allocated to each congressional district using this income adjuster. Using the example above, and assuming that a state’s taxpayers can expect an estimated tax increase (based on average income) of $1,500, a taxpayer residing in this congressional district would have an actual tax increase that is 20 percent greater, or $1,800 (($1,500 x .20) + $1,500 = $1,800). 2. Loss of personal income, at the state level, was calculated at the aggregate level, representing the total amount of personal income that could be
6. Estimates presented in Table 1 of this paper are for 2012. 7. U.S. Census Bureau, “Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, and States and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006,” NST-EST2006-01, at www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2006-01.xls. 8. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System, Table SQ1, at www.bea.gov/regional/sqpi/default.cfm?sqtable=SQ1. 9. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Gross Domestic Product by State,” Table 3, at www.bea.gov/ newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2006/xls/gsp1006.xls. 10. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Regional and State Employment and Unemployment: February 2007,” Table 3, at www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/laus_03302007.pdf. 11. U.S. Census Bureau, “American FactFinder: 2005 American Community Survey,” at http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ DatasetMainPageServlet?_program=ACS&_submenuId=datasets_2&_lang=en&_ts=. 12. Aggregate income, as reported by the American Community Survey and used in this paper, is the sum of monies received, by all persons who are 15 years old and older, from the following sources: wage or salary income; self-employment income; interest, dividends or net rental income; Social Security income; Supplemental Security Income (SSI); public assistance or welfare payments; retirement, survivor or disability income; and all other income sources. For more information on the measurement of income in the American Community Survey see “American Community Survey (Puerto Rico Community Survey): 2005 Subject Definitions,” at www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/2005/usedata/Subject_Definitions.pdf. 13. The data used to distribute these estimates across congressional districts are from 2005, which covered the 109th Congress. Two states, Georgia and Texas, redrew their districts for the 110th Congress. Congressional district estimates for these two states should be interpreted with caution because redistricting may have altered the demographic attributes of these states’ districts, including employment and income characteristics.
page 3
No. 2031 lost across the entire population of the state.14 Each congressional district’s share is calculated as the proportion of people residing in that congressional district. For example, if the total personal income loss in a state was $1,000 and a congressional district comprised 10 percent of the state’s population, people in that congressional district could expect to lose $100 in personal income ($1,000 x .10 = $100). 3. Non-farm employment for each congressional district was calculated by subtracting the number of people working in farming, fishing, and forestry from the total civilian employed population aged 16 or older. The percentage of non-farm employees in each congressional district was then calculated by dividing this number by the state’s non-farm employment. Each congressional district’s share of job losses was assumed to be equal to the proportion of non-farm jobs held in each district. For example, if a state could expect to lose 2,000 jobs as a result of the House budget resolution and a specific congressional district employed 15 percent of the state population, that congressional district could expect to lose 300 jobs (2,000 x .15 = 300).
May 7, 2007 4. Loss in gross domestic product was estimated as a state total, representing the total amount of estimated growth in GDP that a state could lose as a result of the House budget resolution. Because GDP and income are highly correlated, each congressional district’s share of GDP was assumed to be equal to the proportion of aggregate income found in that congressional district. For example, if a state could expect to lose $100 million in GDP, or economic growth, and a congressional district accounted for 20 percent of that state’s aggregate income, the congressional district could expect to lose $20 million in economic output ($100 million x .20 = $20 million).
Conclusion As it currently stands, the House budget resolution proposes to allow the Bush tax cuts to expire, which could potentially cause the average taxpayer to face an additional $3,026 in taxes. Further, allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire could cause great damage to the economy, reducing both job creation and economic growth. —Shanea Watkins, Ph.D., is Policy Analyst in Empirical Studies in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation.
14. The calculation for loss of personal income in 2012 is from Tracy L. Foertsch and Ralph A. Rector, “A Dynamic Analysis of the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts: Applying an Alternative Technique for Calibrating Macroeconomic and Microsimulation Models,” Table 3, Heritage Foundation Center for Data Analysis Report No. CDA06–10, November 22, 2006, at www.heritage.org/ Research/Taxes/cda06-10.cfm. The estimate in this paper was further adjusted to account for state tax rates, the final calculations are available upon request.
page 4
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Alabama 1: Jo Bonner (R) 2: Terry Everett (R) 3: Mike Rogers (R) 4: Robert Aderholt (R) 5: Robert E. Cramer (D) 6: Spencer Bachus (R) 7: Artur Davis (D) Statewide
643,536 629,035 616,491 634,109 649,666 679,525 590,196 4,442,558
283,515 277,186 264,462 270,858 297,442 340,531 236,324 1,970,318
$2,516 $2,476 $2,272 $2,324 $2,843 $3,584 $1,878 $2,556
$421 $412 $403 $415 $425 $445 $386 $415
2,095 2,048 1,954 2,002 2,198 2,517 1,746 14,561
$180 $178 $163 $159 $210 $265 $128 $1,283
Alaska At Large: Don Young (R)
641,724
298,983
$2,896
$504
2,254
$333
Arizona 1: Rick Renzi (R) 2: Trent Franks (R) 3: John Shadegg (R) 4: Ed Pastor (D) 5: Harry E. Mitchell (D) 6: Jeff Flake (R) 7: Raul Grijalva (D) 8: Gabrielle Giffords (D) Statewide
674,569 848,603 654,168 676,666 676,482 869,666 730,215 699,470 5,829,839
263,879 353,848 349,459 288,703 356,422 398,633 295,427 309,393 2,615,764
$2,230 $2,928 $3,078 $1,995 $3,168 $3,311 $2,229 $2,676 $2,702
$455 $572 $441 $456 $456 $586 $492 $471 $491
1,991 2,670 2,637 2,179 2,690 3,008 2,229 2,335 19,740
$164 $265 $274 $133 $289 $300 $163 $244 $1,832
Arkansas 1: Marion Berry (D) 2: Vic Snyder (D) 3: John Boozman (R) 4: Mike Ross (D) Statewide California 1: Mike Thompson (D) 2: Wally Herger (R) 3: Daniel E. Lungren (R) 4: John Doolittle (R) 5: Doris O. Matsui (D) 6: Lynn Woolsey (D)
658,744 678,284 722,962 641,441 2,701,431
280,405 323,953 339,771 270,665 1,214,794
$2,184 $2,838 $2,655 $2,171 $2,462
$387 $398 $424 $377 $396
2,073 2,395 2,512 2,001 8,982
$157 $216 $202 $159 $734
653,052 687,982 733,436 711,823 664,084 616,098
301,898 275,196 342,832 332,730 291,175 300,671
$2,916 $2,402 $3,604 $3,425 $2,582 $3,785
$531 $559 $596 $578 $540 $501
2,248 2,049 2,552 2,477 2,168 2,238
$253 $213 $295 $307 $207 $338
continued on next page 1
Total population and employment are 2005 data. 2 The estimations presented here are based on anticipated levels of economic growth by 2012. Therefore, tax increases and personal income loss calculations are based on the anticipated growth in income by 2012. The number of lost jobs is calculated based on the number of additional jobs that are anticipated to be created by 2012. Loss to the local economy is based on forecasted levels of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) by 2012. Gross State Product figures for each state can be found in Table 2. 3
This per capita number represents the additional out of pocket income, in addition to the increased tax burden, that a person can expect to lose if the House Budget Resolution is passed. The calculation of this number is based on anticipated levels of income growth by 2012.
page 5
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Congressional District and Representative California (continued) 7: George Miller (D) 8: Nancy Pelosi (D) 9: Barbara Lee (D) 10: Ellen Tauscher (D) 11: Jerry McNerney (D) 12: Tom Lantos (D) 13: Fortney Stark (D) 14: Anna G. Eshoo (D) 15: Mike Honda (D) 16: Zoe Lofgren (D) 17: Sam Farr (D) 18: Dennis Cardoza (D) 19: G. Radanovich (R) 20: Jim Costa (D) 21: Devin Nunes (R) 22: Kevin McCarthy (R) 23: Lois Capps (D) 24: Elton Gallegly (R) 25: H. “Buck” McKeon (R) 26: David Dreier (R) 27: Brad Sherman (D) 28: Howard Berman (D) 29: Adam Schiff (D) 30: Henry Waxman (D) 31: Xavier Becerra (D) 32: Hilda Solis (D) 33: Diane E. Watson (D) 34: L. Roybal-Allard (D) 35: Maxine Waters (D) 36: Jane Harman (D) 37: J. Millender-McDonald (D) 38: Grace Napolitano (D) 39: Linda Sanchez (D) 40: Ed Royce (R) 41: Jerry Lewis (R) 42: Gary Miller (R) 43: Joe Baca (D) 44: Ken Calvert (R) 45: Mary Bono (R) 46: D. Rohrabacher (R) 47: Loretta Sanchez (D) 48: John Campbell (R) 49: Darrell Issa (R)
page 6
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
632,578 590,357 600,061 688,345 748,682 618,033 636,098 633,985 640,335 624,586 614,457 690,722 710,736 635,440 715,887 697,345 637,713 654,325 737,052 674,267 660,583 660,746 625,959 625,978 627,026 656,869 631,055 642,980 694,954 645,474 672,447 634,108 676,378 666,966 738,921 660,277 711,338 775,789 761,228 652,218 634,302 673,241 706,786
292,812 324,208 285,285 319,961 340,381 304,312 295,666 310,835 311,628 288,845 266,658 246,174 305,930 186,541 258,932 293,443 282,234 311,358 297,529 327,910 319,746 302,895 297,853 332,625 272,293 264,871 293,680 258,315 279,256 335,691 278,051 266,986 286,415 320,192 295,422 322,027 283,064 370,626 312,031 320,395 270,884 344,984 294,362
$3,664 $3,343 $2,902 $4,329 $4,310 $4,431 $4,113 $5,149 $4,598 $4,276 $3,407 $2,355 $3,044 $1,805 $2,553 $2,869 $3,057 $4,399 $3,337 $4,240 $3,247 $2,780 $3,050 $4,341 $1,840 $2,724 $2,192 $1,897 $2,165 $3,695 $2,490 $2,866 $3,030 $3,770 $2,681 $4,956 $2,581 $3,756 $2,920 $4,189 $2,751 $4,743 $3,406
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs $514 $480 $488 $559 $608 $502 $517 $515 $520 $508 $499 $561 $578 $516 $582 $567 $518 $532 $599 $548 $537 $537 $509 $509 $509 $534 $513 $522 $565 $524 $546 $515 $550 $542 $600 $537 $578 $630 $619 $530 $515 $547 $574
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
2,180 $236 2,414 $337 2,124 $253 2,382 $347 2,534 $356 2,266 $340 2,201 $274 2,314 $438 2,320 $334 2,150 $268 1,985 $226 1,833 $162 2,278 $243 1,389 $114 1,928 $194 2,185 $232 2,101 $225 2,318 $317 2,215 $241 2,441 $322 2,380 $245 2,255 $236 2,217 $261 2,476 $510 2,027 $134 1,972 $156 2,186 $218 1,923 $124 2,079 $160 2,499 $341 2,070 $168 1,988 $153 2,132 $179 2,384 $258 2,199 $230 2,397 $326 2,107 $156 2,759 $296 2,323 $274 2,385 $348 2,017 $133 2,568 $445 2,191 $248 continued on next page
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
California (continued) 50: Brian P. Bilbray (R) 51: Bob Filner (D) 52: Duncan Hunter (R) 53: Susan Davis (D) Statewide
688,418 664,793 675,557 566,898 35,278,768
340,571 255,764 309,667 280,866 15,804,676
$4,296 $2,795 $3,792 $2,700 $3,331
$559 $540 $549 $461 $541
2,535 1,904 2,305 2,091 117,661
$360 $178 $280 $235 $13,725
Colorado 1: Diana DeGette (D) 2: Mark Udall (D) 3: John T. Salazar (D) 4: Marilyn Musgrave (R) 5: Doug Lamborn (R) 6: Tom Tancredo (R) 7: Ed Perlmutter (D) Statewide
602,608 658,330 643,636 658,599 641,475 721,347 636,249 4,562,244
305,998 363,449 311,382 333,459 302,921 384,614 319,293 2,321,116
$2,539 $3,477 $2,415 $2,704 $2,973 $4,641 $2,902 $3,093
$496 $542 $530 $542 $528 $594 $524 $536
2,306 2,739 2,347 2,513 2,283 2,899 2,406 17,493
$250 $287 $214 $233 $236 $383 $229 $1,832
Connecticut 1: John B. Larson (D) 2: Joe Courtney (D) 3: Rosa L. DeLauro (D) 4: Christopher Shays (R) 5: C. Murphy (D) Statewide
677,295 674,703 668,110 676,963 697,680 3,394,751
337,892 355,956 336,727 322,989 346,904 1,700,468
$4,056 $4,413 $3,842 $5,211 $4,034 $4,311
$700 $698 $691 $700 $722 $702
2,400 2,528 2,391 2,294 2,464 12,077
$287 $302 $277 $461 $312 $1,639
Delaware At Large: Michael Castle (R)
818,587
401,709
$3,015
$673
2,898
$478
Florida 1: Jeff Miller (R) 2: Allen Boyd (D) 3: Corrine Brown (D) 4: Ander Crenshaw (R) 5: V. Brown-Waite (R) 6: Cliff Stearns (R) 7: John Mica (R) 8: Ric Keller (R) 9: Gus M. Bilirakis (R) 10: C.W. Bill Young (R) 11: Kathy Castor (D) 12: Adam Putnam (R) 13: Vern Buchanan (R) 14: Connie Mack (R) 15: Dave Weldon (R)
641,007 648,945 615,663 665,615 795,671 717,375 746,836 724,820 716,257 630,633 645,231 722,870 713,669 769,458 733,821
281,285 302,056 267,670 326,102 323,045 322,841 341,869 354,859 329,883 292,045 307,084 315,238 297,326 333,664 325,851
$3,009 $2,888 $2,186 $3,455 $2,824 $2,964 $3,132 $3,236 $3,444 $2,918 $2,540 $2,917 $3,145 $3,398 $3,034
$484 $490 $465 $502 $600 $541 $563 $547 $540 $476 $487 $545 $538 $581 $554
2,136 $190 2,294 $195 2,033 $132 2,477 $232 2,453 $231 2,452 $216 2,596 $267 2,695 $244 2,505 $266 2,218 $230 2,332 $188 2,394 $201 2,258 $262 2,534 $324 2,475 $235 continued on next page
page 7
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Florida (continued) 16: Tim Mahoney (D) 17: Kendrick Meek (D) 18: I. Ros-Lehtinen (R) 19: Robert Wexler (D) 20: D. Schultz (D) 21: L. Diaz-Balart (R) 22: Ron Klein (D) 23: Alcee L. Hastings (D) 24: Tom Feeney (R) 25: M. Diaz-Balart (R) Statewide
728,130 657,770 621,856 709,119 687,558 673,259 661,636 668,936 727,351 759,025 17,382,511
295,212 274,723 289,545 304,130 340,323 313,248 320,713 289,755 354,500 340,970 7,843,937
$3,108 $2,226 $2,459 $3,178 $3,625 $3,051 $3,959 $2,511 $3,368 $3,417 $3,040
$549 $496 $469 $535 $519 $508 $499 $505 $549 $573 $525
2,242 2,086 2,199 2,310 2,585 2,379 2,436 2,201 2,692 2,589 59,570
$259 $129 $230 $262 $283 $188 $340 $148 $244 $201 $5,697
Georgia 1: Jack Kingston (R) 2: S. Bishop Jr. (D) 3: L. Westmoreland (R) 4: H. Johnson Jr. (D) 5: John Lewis (D) 6: Tom Price (R) 7: John Linder (R) 8: Jim Marshall (D) 9: Nathan Deal (R) 10: Vacancy 11: Phil Gingrey (R) 12: John Barrow (D) 13: David Scott (D) Statewide
640,914 603,237 604,348 626,517 616,802 743,367 794,699 742,669 702,359 748,180 644,653 609,303 744,094 8,821,142
272,059 244,513 249,799 321,643 321,347 388,036 401,247 360,454 321,092 353,482 297,285 271,056 356,807 4,158,820
$2,363 $1,900 $1,931 $2,821 $2,531 $4,678 $3,969 $3,276 $2,537 $2,716 $2,353 $2,041 $2,545 $2,743
$438 $412 $413 $428 $421 $508 $543 $507 $480 $511 $440 $416 $508 $463
2,053 1,845 1,885 2,427 2,425 2,928 3,028 2,720 2,423 2,667 2,243 2,045 2,693 31,383
$194 $158 $155 $240 $295 $423 $325 $274 $221 $235 $185 $159 $215 $3,079
Hawaii 1: Neil Abercrombie (D) 2: Mazie K. Hirono (D) Statewide
608,588 629,570 1,238,158
288,253 290,388 578,641
$2,680 $2,753 $2,716
$465 $481 $473
2,105 2,121 4,226
$236 $221 $457
Idaho 1: Bill Sali (R) 2: Mike Simpson (R) Statewide
735,075 660,559 1,395,634
345,243 308,251 653,494
$2,688 $2,508 $2,598
$468 $421 $445
2,594 2,316 4,910
$213 $187 $399
633,296 671,118 646,509 647,949
243,909 270,037 283,055 286,379
$2,401 $2,740 $3,170 $2,476
$503 $533 $513 $515
1,788 1,979 2,075 2,099
$179 $187 $222 $150
Illinois 1: Bobby L. Rush (D) 2: Jesse L. Jackson Jr. (D) 3: Daniel Lipinski (D) 4: Luis Gutierrez (D)
continued on next page
page 8
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Illinois (continued) 5: Rahm Emanuel (D) 6: Peter J. Roskam (R) 7: Danny K. Davis (D) 8: Melissa L. Bean (D) 9: Jan Schakowsky (D) 10: Mark Kirk (R) 11: Jerry Weller (R) 12: Jerry Costello (D) 13: Judy Biggert (R) 14: Dennis Hastert (R) 15: T. Johnson (R) 16: Donald Manzullo (R) 17: Phil Hare (D) 18: Ray LaHood (R) 19: John Shimkus (R) Statewide
611,050 650,482 599,066 716,099 579,451 646,395 696,088 629,650 748,189 752,346 634,699 702,138 606,797 635,587 633,442 12,440,351
328,568 336,861 263,809 366,315 297,501 307,655 341,306 281,989 382,908 385,557 313,007 346,576 284,812 303,532 308,231 5,932,007
$3,405 $4,316 $2,845 $4,256 $3,377 $4,804 $3,424 $2,401 $4,708 $3,914 $2,649 $3,376 $2,317 $2,999 $2,798 $3,283
$485 $517 $476 $569 $460 $513 $553 $500 $594 $597 $504 $558 $482 $505 $503 $520
2,408 2,469 1,934 2,685 2,181 2,255 2,502 2,067 2,807 2,826 2,294 2,540 2,088 2,225 2,259 43,481
$274 $289 $264 $316 $270 $412 $246 $183 $380 $290 $207 $259 $180 $221 $207 $4,739
Indiana 1: Peter Visclosky (D) 2: Joe Donnelly (D) 3: Mark E. Souder (R) 4: Steve Buyer (R) 5: Dan Burton (R) 6: Mike Pence (R) 7: Julia Carson (D) 8: Brad Ellsworth (D) 9: Baron Hill (D) Statewide
684,232 660,967 690,345 703,149 756,005 651,278 624,585 650,429 672,382 6,093,372
312,993 310,366 335,780 351,463 374,453 298,495 290,304 309,760 320,128 2,903,742
$2,806 $2,571 $2,875 $3,097 $3,563 $2,508 $2,198 $2,476 $2,474 $2,730
$464 $448 $468 $476 $512 $441 $423 $441 $456 $459
2,305 2,286 2,473 2,588 2,757 2,198 2,138 2,281 2,357 21,383
$226 $208 $229 $254 $312 $199 $183 $205 $204 $2,019
Iowa 1: Bruce L. Braley (D) 2: David Loebsack (D) 3: Leonard Boswell (D) 4: Tom Latham (R) 5: Steve King (R) Statewide
564,773 575,799 596,535 563,115 562,319 2,862,541
289,688 302,069 319,818 296,582 283,006 1,491,163
$2,744 $2,690 $3,142 $2,698 $2,614 $2,778
$394 $402 $417 $393 $393 $400
2,099 2,188 2,317 2,149 2,050 10,803
$183 $196 $222 $189 $170 $961
Kansas 1: Jerry Moran (R) 2: Nancy E. Boyda (D) 3: Dennis Moore (D) 4: Todd Tiahrt (R) Statewide
630,963 647,206 712,144 672,303 2,662,616
311,561 326,396 379,005 325,818 1,342,780
$2,475 $2,686 $3,547 $2,744 $2,863
$458 $470 $517 $488 $484
2,234 $178 2,341 $201 2,718 $302 2,337 $213 9,630 $893 continued on next page
page 9
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Kentucky 1: Ed Whitfield (R) 2: Ron Lewis (R) 3: John A. Yarmuth (D) 4: Geoff Davis (R) 5: Harold Rogers (R) 6: Ben Chandler (D) Statewide
651,474 695,283 668,451 698,326 668,444 676,655 4,058,633
276,644 316,919 317,884 328,506 232,091 329,641 1,801,685
$2,255 $2,754 $2,779 $3,048 $1,794 $2,750 $2,563
$399 $425 $409 $427 $409 $414 $414
2,069 2,370 2,378 2,457 1,736 2,465 13,475
$171 $198 $235 $225 $140 $220 $1,189
Louisiana 1: Bobby Jindal (R) 2: William J. Jefferson (D) 3: Charlie Melancon (D) 4: Jim McCrery (R) 5: Rodney Alexander (R) 6: Richard Baker (R) 7: C. Boustany Jr. (R) Statewide
656,817 598,453 641,737 624,942 599,698 635,075 633,025 4,389,747
304,685 251,564 271,965 255,751 246,210 298,053 273,637 1,901,865
$3,267 $2,207 $2,732 $2,494 $2,272 $3,063 $2,460 $2,642
$402 $367 $393 $383 $367 $389 $388 $384
2,085 1,722 1,861 1,750 1,685 2,040 1,873 13,017
$266 $182 $196 $190 $171 $226 $192 $1,423
Maine 1: Tom Allen (D) 2: Michael Michaud (D) Statewide
651,227 632,446 1,283,673
341,151 304,263 645,414
$3,003 $2,399 $2,701
$436 $424 $430
2,456 2,190 4,646
$215 $165 $381
Maryland 1: Wayne Gilchrest (R) 2: C.A. Ruppersberger (D) 3: John P. Sarbanes (D) 4: Albert Wynn (D) 5: Steny H. Hoyer (D) 6: Roscoe Bartlett (R) 7: Elijah Cummings (D) 8: Chris Van Hollen (D) Statewide
699,018 677,610 664,785 684,109 719,639 700,023 624,405 691,729 5,461,318
350,017 338,559 345,413 348,258 371,345 360,312 280,181 358,869 2,752,954
$3,143 $2,578 $3,248 $3,433 $3,919 $3,182 $2,320 $4,084 $3,238
$639 $619 $608 $625 $658 $640 $571 $632 $624
2,496 2,415 2,463 2,484 2,648 2,570 1,998 2,559 19,634
$261 $211 $270 $249 $279 $257 $196 $359 $2,083
611,889 639,125 640,062 613,443 641,884 626,120 595,119 555,569
305,559 314,341 314,663 303,482 318,917 312,948 311,238 295,442
$3,089 $3,146 $3,686 $3,854 $4,011 $3,998 $3,873 $2,863
$587 $614 $614 $589 $616 $601 $571 $533
2,184 2,247 2,249 2,169 2,280 2,237 2,225 2,112
$224 $232 $268 $318 $295 $302 $292 $241
Massachusetts 1: John Olver (D) 2: Richard E. Neal (D) 3: James McGovern (D) 4: Barney Frank (D) 5: Marty Meehan (D) 6: John Tierney (D) 7: Ed Markey (D) 8: M. Capuano (D)
continued on next page
page 10
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Employment
Massachusetts (continued) 9: Stephen Lynch (D) 10: William Delahunt (D) Statewide
610,988 648,661 6,182,860
305,761 330,908 3,113,259
Michigan 1: Bart Stupak (D) 2: Pete Hoekstra (R) 3: Vernon J. Ehlers (R) 4: Dave Camp (R) 5: Dale Kildee (D) 6: Fred Upton (R) 7: Timothy Walberg (R) 8: Mike Rogers (R) 9: J. Knollenberg (R) 10: Candice Miller (R) 11: T. McCotter (R) 12: Sander Levin (D) 13: Carolyn Kilpatrick (D) 14: John Conyers Jr. (D) 15: John D. Dingell (D) Statewide
646,075 671,485 672,650 660,152 643,726 653,621 664,267 683,207 659,970 710,286 700,201 639,254 593,816 610,728 656,145 9,865,583
282,614 312,440 328,928 296,366 275,787 305,521 310,805 343,882 333,027 332,759 345,089 305,601 208,987 221,249 314,567 4,517,622
$2,313 $2,900 $2,995 $2,614 $2,644 $2,671 $3,019 $3,633 $4,392 $3,556 $3,956 $2,936 $1,954 $2,274 $3,260 $3,008
Minnesota 1: Timothy J. Walz (D) 2: John Kline (R) 3: Jim Ramstad (R) 4: Betty McCollum (D) 5: Keith Ellison (D) 6: Michele Bachmann (R) 7: Collin C. Peterson (D) 8: James L. Oberstar (D) Statewide
604,740 689,400 634,853 576,259 567,479 691,691 600,193 625,233 4,989,848
322,945 384,053 340,432 293,642 313,938 382,754 303,208 304,815 2,645,787
Mississippi 1: Roger Wicker (R) 2: B. Thompson (D) 3: C. Pickering (R) 4: Gene Taylor (D) Statewide
732,298 663,479 709,704 718,675 2,824,156
Missouri 1: William Clay Jr. (D) 2: Todd Akin (R) 3: Russ Carnahan (D)
583,541 673,242 621,291
$3,980 $4,021 $3,652
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
$587 $623 $594
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
2,186 2,366 22,256
$277 $309 $2,758
$450 $468 $468 $460 $448 $455 $462 $476 $459 $495 $487 $445 $413 $425 $457 $458
2,066 2,284 2,404 2,166 2,016 2,233 2,272 2,514 2,434 2,432 2,522 2,234 1,528 1,617 2,299 33,021
$176 $194 $207 $188 $183 $194 $207 $249 $338 $239 $285 $206 $139 $151 $227 $3,183
$2,697 $3,989 $3,872 $2,964 $2,657 $3,630 $2,413 $2,478 $3,088
$488 $556 $512 $465 $458 $558 $484 $505 $503
2,358 2,804 2,486 2,144 2,292 2,795 2,214 2,226 19,319
$210 $307 $337 $230 $229 $284 $186 $201 $1,985
330,245 255,706 314,252 301,550 1,201,753
$2,273 $1,903 $2,389 $2,479 $2,261
$403 $365 $390 $395 $388
2,360 1,828 2,246 2,155 8,589
$177 $139 $192 $180 $688
266,550 361,086 312,743
$2,559 $4,530 $3,001
$398 $460 $424
1,950 $184 2,642 $323 2,288 $223 continued on next page
page 11
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
Missouri (continued) 4: Ike Skelton (D) 5: Emanuel Cleaver (D) 6: Sam Graves (R) 7: Roy Blunt (R) 8: Jo Ann Emerson (R) 9: Kenny Hulshof (R) Statewide
626,263 620,470 629,878 643,983 620,501 612,741 5,631,910
285,196 299,133 320,231 314,974 263,058 304,888 2,727,859
$2,538 $2,771 $2,965 $2,397 $2,007 $2,657 $2,825
$428 $424 $430 $440 $424 $418 $427
2,087 2,189 2,343 2,305 1,925 2,231 19,959
$169 $204 $212 $181 $149 $184 $1,828
910,651
459,400
$2,625
$590
3,245
$253
Nebraska 1: Jeff Fortenberry (R) 2: Lee Terry (R) 3: Adrian Smith (R) Statewide
572,745 587,927 546,304 1,706,976
308,550 299,152 276,050 883,752
$2,945 $3,071 $2,391 $2,802
$411 $421 $392 $408
2,221 2,153 1,987 6,361
$202 $229 $167 $598
Nevada 1: Shelley Berkley (D) 2: Dean Heller (R) 3: Jon Porter (R) Statewide
752,152 754,420 874,709 2,381,281
360,834 359,943 438,080 1,158,857
$2,633 $2,902 $3,238 $2,924
$592 $594 $688 $625
2,706 2,699 3,285 8,690
$265 $299 $378 $942
New Hampshire 1: Carol Shea-Porter (D) 2: Paul W. Hodes (D) Statewide
646,143 626,343 1,272,486
348,581 332,259 680,840
$3,297 $3,106 $3,202
$527 $510 $519
2,480 2,364 4,844
$242 $224 $466
New Jersey 1: Robert E. Andrews (D) 2: Frank LoBiondo (R) 3: Jim Saxton (R) 4: Chris Smith (R) 5: Scott Garrett (R) 6: Frank Pallone Jr. (D) 7: Michael Ferguson (R) 8: Bill Pascrell Jr. (D) 9: Steven Rothman (D) 10: Donald M. Payne (D) 11: R. Frelinghuysen (R) 12: Rush Holt (D) 13: Albio Sires (D) Statewide
650,916 656,659 684,357 675,532 661,926 636,680 660,932 641,671 653,934 641,021 662,801 668,015 626,983 8,521,427
319,825 311,552 325,827 314,007 324,558 321,412 327,848 298,827 323,399 275,835 333,286 325,951 304,110 4,106,437
$3,231 $3,064 $3,767 $3,684 $4,904 $3,594 $5,074 $3,327 $3,368 $2,455 $5,165 $5,010 $2,497 $3,780
$621 $627 $653 $645 $632 $608 $631 $612 $624 $612 $632 $637 $598 $625
Montana At Large: D. Rehberg (R)
page 12
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
2,293 $224 2,233 $230 2,336 $291 2,251 $273 2,327 $354 2,304 $256 2,350 $372 2,142 $245 2,318 $268 1,977 $182 2,389 $396 2,337 $352 2,180 $204 29,439 $3,647 continued on next page
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
New Mexico 1: Heather Wilson (R) 2: Steve Pearce (R) 3: Tom Udall (D) Statewide
640,640 610,044 636,516 1,887,200
307,468 247,297 286,527 841,292
$2,632 $2,002 $2,400 $2,345
$399 $380 $397 $392
2,233 1,796 2,081 6,111
$230 $156 $197 $583
671,433 663,555 632,873 653,818 639,410 649,516 656,162 683,778 634,440 660,270 648,527 619,184 669,362 646,804 633,679 655,639 654,942 639,537 662,574 654,640 634,066 632,325 619,357 612,464 645,491 635,883 623,156 587,960 634,430 18,655,275
327,426 324,567 303,022 314,872 300,156 289,805 296,224 344,422 275,235 255,924 295,461 266,915 299,550 368,005 270,124 215,023 289,038 312,339 330,046 331,828 313,635 311,173 274,651 293,272 312,147 307,557 289,104 257,728 300,007 8,669,256
$5,376 $5,681 $5,740 $5,177 $3,982 $3,621 $2,960 $3,987 $3,561 $2,439 $2,915 $2,341 $4,053 $4,813 $2,229 $1,350 $3,494 $5,627 $5,435 $3,687 $3,248 $3,157 $2,898 $2,887 $3,399 $3,522 $2,872 $2,384 $3,238 $3,658
$591 $584 $557 $576 $563 $572 $578 $602 $559 $581 $571 $545 $589 $570 $558 $577 $577 $563 $583 $577 $558 $557 $545 $539 $568 $560 $549 $518 $559 $567
2,334 2,314 2,160 2,245 2,140 2,066 2,112 2,455 1,962 1,824 2,106 1,903 2,135 2,624 1,926 1,533 2,061 2,227 2,353 2,366 2,236 2,218 1,958 2,091 2,225 2,193 2,061 1,837 2,139 61,803
$347 $348 $358 $322 $305 $204 $208 $545 $255 $181 $232 $180 $281 $618 $249 $109 $244 $478 $366 $270 $251 $229 $194 $202 $251 $248 $213 $178 $236 $8,105
596,939 630,166 610,367 693,159
243,829 289,952 272,750 360,740
$1,865 $2,583 $2,745 $3,648
$409 $431 $418 $475
1,811 2,154 2,026 2,679
$146 $191 $210 $342
New York 1: Timothy Bishop (D) 2: Steve Israel (D) 3: Pete King (R) 4: Carolyn McCarthy (D) 5: Gary Ackerman (D) 6: Gregory W. Meeks (D) 7: Joseph Crowley (D) 8: Jerrold Nadler (D) 9: Anthony D. Weiner (D) 10: Edolphus Towns (D) 11: Yvette D. Clarke (D) 12: N. Velázquez (D) 13: Vito Fossella (R) 14: Carolyn Maloney (D) 15: Charles B. Rangel (D) 16: José E. Serrano (D) 17: Eliot Engel (D) 18: Nita Lowey (D) 19: John J. Hall (D) 20: K. Gillibrand (D) 21: M. McNulty (D) 22: Maurice Hinchey (D) 23: John M. McHugh (R) 24: Michael A. Arcuri (D) 25: Jim Walsh (R) 26: T. Reynolds (R) 27: Brian Higgins (D) 28: Louise Slaughter (D) 29: J. Kuhl Jr. (R) Statewide North Carolina 1: G.K. Butterfield (D) 2: Bob Etheridge (D) 3: Walter B. Jones (R) 4: David Price (D)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
continued on next page
page 13
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
637,364 658,250 656,703 638,700 733,818 639,117 633,115 630,020 653,323 8,411,041
313,956 319,632 289,987 288,298 369,970 296,226 295,156 296,055 328,881 3,965,432
$2,695 $2,827 $2,340 $2,501 $3,627 $2,474 $2,395 $2,343 $2,692 $2,672
$436 $451 $450 $437 $502 $438 $433 $431 $447 $443
2,332 2,374 2,154 2,141 2,748 2,200 2,192 2,199 2,443 29,452
$221 $238 $201 $195 $354 $196 $213 $184 $240 $2,933
North Dakota At Large: E. Pomeroy (D)
609,645
327,264
$2,614
$419
2,374
$206
Ohio 1: Steve Chabot (R) 2: Jean Schmidt (R) 3: Michael Turner (R) 4: Jim Jordan (R) 5: Paul Gillmor (R) 6: Charles A. Wilson (D) 7: David Hobson (R) 8: John A. Boehner (R) 9: Marcy Kaptur (D) 10: Dennis Kucinich (D) 11: S. Tubbs Jones (D) 12: Pat Tiberi (R) 13: Betty Sutton (D) 14: S. LaTourette (R) 15: Deborah Pryce (R) 16: Ralph Regula (R) 17: Tim Ryan (D) 18: Zachary T. Space (D) Statewide
586,819 644,431 629,544 610,254 614,878 593,432 628,345 629,795 606,199 611,778 554,155 672,635 640,996 651,598 626,845 627,815 595,187 630,900 11,155,606
281,864 307,530 295,492 292,225 308,799 258,302 297,934 304,400 282,363 289,219 232,473 340,747 310,249 321,456 315,391 303,379 280,540 283,108 5,305,471
$2,549 $3,065 $2,783 $2,639 $2,829 $2,201 $2,869 $2,776 $2,614 $2,636 $1,968 $3,258 $2,950 $3,329 $2,894 $2,786 $2,397 $2,345 $2,716
$405 $445 $435 $421 $424 $410 $434 $435 $418 $422 $383 $464 $443 $450 $433 $433 $411 $436 $428
2,060 2,248 2,160 2,136 2,257 1,888 2,178 2,225 2,064 2,114 1,699 2,490 2,268 2,349 2,305 2,217 2,050 2,069 38,777
$188 $254 $218 $184 $190 $164 $208 $205 $197 $200 $175 $275 $231 $262 $232 $203 $175 $171 $3,731
699,783 681,402 660,052 697,604 694,655 3,433,496
340,177 285,298 305,469 332,626 319,270 1,582,840
$2,848 $2,169 $2,510 $2,783 $2,494 $2,561
$474 $461 $447 $472 $470 $465
2,431 2,039 2,183 2,377 2,281 11,310
$234 $172 $186 $210 $226 $1,028
Congressional District and Representative North Carolina (continued) 5: Virginia Foxx (R) 6: Howard Coble (R) 7: Mike McIntyre (D) 8: Robin Hayes (R) 9: Sue Myrick (R) 10: Patrick McHenry (R) 11: Heath Shuler (D) 12: Mel Watt (D) 13: Brad Miller (D) Statewide
Oklahoma 1: John Sullivan (R) 2: Dan Boren (D) 3: Frank Lucas (R) 4: Tom Cole (R) 5: Mary Fallin (R) Statewide
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
continued on next page
page 14
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Oregon 1: David Wu (D) 2: Greg Walden (R) 3: Earl Blumenauer (D) 4: Peter DeFazio (D) 5: Darlene Hooley (D) Statewide
739,013 721,136 696,643 694,495 708,822 3,560,109
373,618 322,992 343,979 310,668 330,370 1,681,627
$3,193 $2,553 $2,742 $2,327 $2,944 $2,752
$522 $509 $492 $491 $501 $503
2,792 2,414 2,571 2,322 2,469 12,568
$295 $218 $240 $208 $260 $1,221
Pennsylvania 1: Robert Brady (D) 2: Chaka Fattah (D) 3: Phil English (R) 4: Jason Altmire (D) 5: John E. Peterson (R) 6: Jim Gerlach (R) 7: Joe Sestak (D) 8: Patrick J. Murphy (D) 9: Bill Shuster (R) 10: C. Carney (D) 11: Paul E. Kanjorski (D) 12: John Murtha (D) 13: A. Schwartz (D) 14: Mike Doyle (D) 15: Charles W. Dent (R) 16: Joseph R. Pitts (R) 17: Tim Holden (D) 18: Tim Murphy (R) 19: Todd Platts (R) Statewide
616,755 568,754 613,076 638,384 604,746 682,399 637,800 659,034 628,995 621,263 644,518 607,549 632,940 571,380 665,540 655,025 627,657 637,083 666,249 11,979,147
230,835 232,788 285,407 303,485 275,537 348,490 326,031 337,322 292,050 286,025 295,513 262,024 300,630 263,079 331,729 320,380 310,845 314,887 344,427 5,661,484
$1,996 $2,156 $2,686 $3,329 $2,365 $4,136 $4,197 $4,240 $2,579 $2,698 $2,587 $2,324 $3,610 $2,096 $3,459 $3,337 $3,101 $3,355 $3,317 $3,030
$473 $436 $470 $490 $464 $523 $489 $505 $482 $476 $494 $466 $485 $438 $510 $502 $481 $489 $511 $483
1,675 1,689 2,071 2,202 1,999 2,528 2,366 2,447 2,119 2,075 2,144 1,901 2,181 1,909 2,407 2,325 2,255 2,285 2,499 41,077
$144 $173 $177 $249 $167 $318 $307 $289 $177 $189 $187 $168 $258 $168 $249 $237 $208 $240 $232 $4,138
Rhode Island 1: Patrick Kennedy (D) 2: Jim Langevin (D) Statewide
511,049 521,613 1,032,662
249,889 266,936 516,825
$2,864 $3,146 $3,005
$396 $405 $401
1,825 1,949 3,774
$181 $189 $370
South Carolina 1: Henry Brown (R) 2: Joe Wilson (R) 3: J.Gresham Barrett (R) 4: Bob Inglis (R) 5: John Spratt (D) 6: James E. Clyburn (D) Statewide
744,104 709,275 675,255 687,302 690,283 607,742 4,113,961
363,150 339,825 303,851 326,224 298,084 255,326 1,886,460
$2,815 $2,953 $2,448 $2,576 $2,282 $1,821 $2,483
$464 $442 $421 $429 $431 $379 $428
2,704 2,530 2,262 2,429 2,219 1,901 14,046
$241 $238 $182 $207 $179 $137 $1,185
continued on next page
page 15
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
South Dakota At Large: S. Sandlin (D)
746,033
382,449
$2,596
$539
2,840
$262
Tennessee 1: David Davis (R) 2: John J. Duncan Jr. (R) 3: Zach Wamp (R) 4: Lincoln Davis (D) 5: Jim Cooper (D) 6: Bart Gordon (D) 7: Marsha Blackburn (R) 8: John Tanner (D) 9: Steve Cohen (D) Statewide
639,305 663,265 633,554 647,356 615,735 693,261 692,098 630,457 595,559 5,810,590
297,787 316,891 293,228 276,583 309,008 341,403 332,210 274,705 267,964 2,709,779
$2,292 $2,725 $2,511 $2,246 $2,725 $2,766 $3,666 $2,337 $2,230 $2,611
$432 $448 $428 $437 $416 $469 $468 $426 $402 $436
2,172 2,311 2,139 2,017 2,254 2,490 2,423 2,004 1,954 19,764
$184 $232 $213 $175 $235 $227 $309 $171 $192 $1,939
Texas 1: Louie Gohmert (R) 2: Ted Poe (R) 3: Sam Johnson (R) 4: Ralph M. Hall (R) 5: Jeb Hensarling (R) 6: Joe Barton (R) 7: John Culberson (R) 8: Kevin Brady (R) 9: Al Green (D) 10: Michael McCaul (R) 11: Michael Conaway (R) 12: Kay Granger (R) 13: Mac Thornberry (R) 14: Ron Paul (R) 15: Ruben Hinojosa (D) 16: Silvestre Reyes (D) 17: Chet Edwards (D) 18: S. Jackson Lee (D) 19: R. Neugebauer (R) 20: C. Gonzalez (D) 21: Lamar Smith (R) 22: Nick Lampson (D) 23: Ciro Rodriguez (D) 24: Kenny Marchant (R) 25: Lloyd Doggett (D) 26: Michael Burgess (R)
664,756 685,115 793,790 709,717 669,399 725,580 712,888 714,823 670,003 792,644 646,112 730,087 623,544 700,548 722,494 682,915 671,846 625,271 620,796 624,254 742,497 790,889 724,795 741,456 688,908 750,608
286,723 310,663 408,779 327,707 305,178 347,993 387,149 313,808 313,103 402,591 289,376 351,932 283,437 314,191 258,492 252,595 310,354 272,810 271,234 268,666 379,791 397,138 319,737 390,409 276,517 372,153
$2,347 $3,138 $3,793 $2,902 $2,734 $3,175 $3,886 $2,918 $2,161 $3,634 $2,391 $3,049 $2,366 $2,789 $1,765 $1,987 $2,362 $2,115 $2,236 $2,180 $3,994 $4,000 $2,860 $3,652 $1,897 $3,409
$487 $502 $582 $520 $491 $532 $523 $524 $491 $581 $474 $535 $457 $514 $530 $501 $493 $458 $455 $458 $544 $580 $531 $544 $505 $550
page 16
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
2,133 $228 2,311 $282 3,041 $414 2,438 $276 2,270 $246 2,589 $277 2,880 $488 2,334 $284 2,329 $186 2,995 $374 2,153 $214 2,618 $286 2,108 $213 2,337 $270 1,923 $162 1,879 $166 2,309 $221 2,029 $176 2,018 $199 1,998 $171 2,825 $430 2,954 $373 2,378 $290 2,904 $371 2,057 $159 2,768 $326 continued on next page
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
Texas (continued) 27: Solomon P. Ortiz (D) 28: Henry Cuellar (D) 29: Gene Green (D) 30: E. Johnson (D) 31: John Carter (R) 32: Pete Sessions (R) Statewide
676,728 717,206 652,649 625,819 725,076 646,952 22,270,165
260,135 291,798 255,994 276,324 313,773 321,181 10,131,731
$2,161 $2,205 $1,962 $2,069 $3,103 $2,920 $2,755
$496 $526 $479 $459 $532 $474 $510
1,935 2,171 1,904 2,055 2,334 2,389 75,365
$181 $177 $140 $189 $280 $328 $8,372
802,523 787,289 837,538 2,427,350
390,939 382,401 398,678 1,172,018
$2,711 $2,608 $2,633 $2,651
$499 $490 $521 $504
2,894 2,830 2,951 8,675
$253 $286 $229 $768
602,290
322,215
$2,863
$429
2,357
$195
Virginia 1: Jo Ann S. Davis (R) 2: Thelma D. Drake (R) 3: Robert Scott (D) 4: J. Randy Forbes (R) 5: Virgil H. Goode Jr. (R) 6: Bob Goodlatte (R) 7: Eric Cantor (R) 8: Jim Moran (D) 9: Rick Boucher (D) 10: Frank Wolf (R) 11: Tom Davis (R) Statewide
718,099 616,889 606,959 678,575 637,275 630,257 701,239 638,999 615,812 773,667 714,837 7,332,608
350,324 288,603 274,058 323,613 290,834 304,599 367,905 363,840 271,381 406,933 373,478 3,615,568
$3,264 $2,887 $2,009 $2,915 $2,049 $2,279 $3,231 $4,170 $1,734 $4,632 $5,150 $3,120
$590 $507 $499 $557 $523 $518 $576 $525 $506 $636 $587 $548
2,554 2,104 1,998 2,359 2,120 2,221 2,682 2,653 1,979 2,967 2,723 26,361
$280 $227 $171 $231 $190 $200 $300 $397 $153 $424 $405 $2,978
Washington 1: Jay Inslee (D) 2: Rick Larsen (D) 3: Brian Baird (D) 4: Doc Hastings (R) 5: C. McMorris Rodgers (R) 6: Norman D. Dicks (D) 7: Jim McDermott (D) 8: David G. Reichert (R) 9: Adam Smith (D) Statewide
698,305 692,515 728,014 699,682 655,142 665,425 621,207 715,538 670,510 6,146,338
357,326 331,490 334,071 283,483 298,898 286,667 350,808 360,293 317,630 2,920,666
$3,858 $2,918 $2,923 $2,468 $2,341 $2,600 $3,033 $4,372 $3,071 $3,065
$549 $544 $572 $550 $515 $523 $488 $563 $527 $537
2,677 2,484 2,503 2,124 2,240 2,148 2,629 2,700 2,380 21,884
$314 $236 $242 $191 $188 $212 $298 $344 $237 $2,262
Utah 1: Rob Bishop (R) 2: Jim Matheson (D) 3: Chris Cannon (R) Statewide Vermont At Large: Peter Welch (D)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
continued on next page
page 17
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
West Virginia 1: Alan B. Mollohan (D) 2: S. Moore Capito (R) 3: Nick Rahall (D) Statewide
580,068 613,729 577,953 1,771,750
253,386 268,477 217,360 739,223
$2,400 $2,776 $2,110 $2,429
$335 $354 $334 $341
1,816 1,924 1,558 5,297
$148 $169 $132 $449
Wisconsin 1: Paul Ryan (R) 2: Tammy Baldwin (D) 3: Ron Kind (D) 4: Gwen Moore (D) 5: F. Sensenbrenner (R) 6: Thomas Petri (R) 7: David R. Obey (D) 8: Steve Kagen (D) Statewide
688,714 688,666 673,250 629,773 687,865 658,110 668,862 680,511 5,375,751
351,274 383,039 358,109 262,844 365,826 339,943 339,587 350,884 2,751,506
$3,256 $3,171 $2,782 $2,062 $3,926 $2,924 $2,677 $2,917 $2,965
$497 $497 $486 $454 $496 $475 $482 $491 $485
2,573 2,805 2,623 1,925 2,679 2,490 2,487 2,570 20,151
$242 $264 $212 $157 $319 $212 $202 $222 $1,830
Wyoming At Large: B. Cubin (R)
495,226
260,873
$3,189
$427
1,871
$231
661,754
310,974
$3,026
$502
2,284
$240
National Averages*
* These figures are the overall national averages of the congressional district calculations in the table.
page 18
No. 2031
May 7, 2007 Table 2
B 2031
Gross State Product, 2005 State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri
Gross State Product (in millions) $151,610 $39,314 $216,528 $86,752 $1,622,116 $216,537 $193,745 $56,483 $673,274 $363,839 $54,019 $47,189 $560,032 $238,568 $113,552 $105,574 $140,501 $168,204 $44,971 $246,234 $325,917 $376,243 $234,552 $81,290 $216,065
State Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Gross State Product (in millions) $29,885 $70,676 $111,342 $55,061 $431,079 $68,870 $957,873 $346,640 $24,397 $440,923 $121,490 $144,278 $489,025 $43,787 $140,019 $30,919 $229,215 $989,443 $90,778 $23,065 $351,903 $267,308 $53,050 $216,322 $27,269
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce.
page 19
Tax Increases Ahead: The Impact of the House Budget Resolution, By Congressional District Shanea Watkins, Ph.D. On March 29, the House passed its fiscal year 2008 budget resolution. The House’s budget, if implemented, could increase taxes significantly over the next five years, in turn decreasing job growth, reducing personal income, and weakening the economy. This paper presents state-by-state and district-by-district projections of the likely impact of the House’s budget resolution on the tax burden, jobs, and economic growth.
Taxing Results of the House Budget Resolution The House leadership has proposed to increase spending over the next five years. Given the leadership’s avowed commitment to paying for spending increases, tax revenues will have to rise. Which taxes will have to rise is unclear, as budget resolutions are notoriously short on details. However, the failure of House leaders to include any language addressing the expiring Bush tax cuts of 2001 through 2004 indicates that they could intend to end these tax cuts.1 This, in turn, means that the House leadership could be allowing American taxpayers to assume a large and expensive tax increase upon the expiration of these tax cuts. The House budget resolution has the potential to cost the average American taxpayer an additional $3,026 in taxes. In addition to the increased tax burden, Americans could also see their personal income decrease by an average of $502 dollars due to a weaker economy. Moreover, the budget resolution could damage employment growth, causing about one million
Talking Points • The House budget resolution passed on March 29 has the potential to cost the average American taxpayer $3,026 in additional taxes. In addition to the increased tax burden, Americans could also see their personal income decrease by about $500 due to a weaker economy. • The budget resolution could damage employment growth, causing about one million fewer jobs to be created, and has the potential to damage economic output by over $100 billion nationally. • Some taxpayers, like those in Connecticut District 4 or New York District 18, could see a tax increase of well over $5,000.
This paper, in its entirety, can be found at: www.heritage.org/research/taxes/bg2031.cfm Produced by the Center for Data Analysis Published by The Heritage Foundation 214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE Washington, DC 20002–4999 (202) 546-4400 • heritage.org Nothing written here is to be construed as necessarily reflecting the views of The Heritage Foundation or as an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill before Congress.
No. 2031 fewer jobs to be created, and has the potential to damage economic output by over $100 billion nationally. The average cost of the House budget resolution to each congressional district amounts to the potential loss of 2,284 jobs that would have otherwise been created and a loss in economic output by an average $240 million.1 The culprit for these negative impacts is higher taxes. Many economists believe that higher taxes, particularly on capital, cause the level of private investment to fall, thereby slowing productivity improvements and weakening the earning capacity of households. Wages and business earnings, which are closely tied to productivity, would fall as well. Again, the budget resolution does not contain a detailed tax plan. However, the resolution also is silent on the most important tax policy change since 2001: the expiration of the tax law changes from 2001 through 2004 over the next four years. This paper presents estimates of the potential impact that allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire would have on Americans.2
May 7, 2007
Estimating Economic Effects of Tax Increases This paper uses an earlier dynamic analysis of the 2001 and 2003 tax acts as a basis for estimating how allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire is likely to affect the U.S. economy. In that dynamic analysis, analysts in the Center for Data Analysis (CDA) at The Heritage Foundation used two models to estimate the economic and budget effects of permanently extending provisions of the Bush tax cuts. They used the CDA microsimulation model of the federal individual income tax and Global Insight’s shortterm U.S. macroeconomic model.3 CDA analysts simulated the economic and budget effects of allowing a number of the provisions of the 2001 and 2003 tax acts to expire in 2010.4 They did not include alternative minimum tax (AMT) relief, which the House leadership also proposes, in their analysis. They measured the economic and revenue effects presented against the Congressional Budget Office’s baseline economic and budgetary projections.5 Those projections assume normal levels of economic, population, and employment growth over the next five years. Those also assume the expi-
1. It is the policy of the resolution to extend the child tax credit, the 10-percent marginal income tax bracket, and marriage penalty relief, and to reform the estate tax. These reforms would be conditional upon the availability of reserve funds. Form more information in the policy of the House budget resolution, see http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname= 110_cong_bills&docid=f:hc99rh.txt.pdf. 2. The state-level average tax liability estimates are based on provision-by-provision national-level estimates of tax collection changes following expiration, as prepared by the Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation. These estimates were summed for the years 2001 through 2017, and taxpayer averages were taken for each year. State-level averages were calculated based on a sharing of these national averages by state income levels. For the state-level estimates, see http://atr.org/content/pdf/2007/march/032307ot-housebudget.pdf. 3. The Global Insight model is used by private-sector and government economists to estimate how changes in the economy and public policy are likely to affect major economic indicators. The methodologies, assumptions, conclusions, and opinions presented here are entirely the work of analysts at The Heritage Foundation’s Center for Data Analysis. They have not been endorsed by, and do not necessarily reflect the views of, the owners of the Global Insight model. 4. For additional analysis of the positive effects of extending the Bush tax cuts, see Tracy L. Foertsch and Ralph A. Rector, “The 2001 and 2003 Bush Tax Cuts: Economic Effects of Permanent Extension,” Heritage Foundation WebMemo No. 1361, February 15, 2007, at www.heritage.org/Research/Taxes/wm1361.cfm, and Tracy L. Foertsch and Ralph A. Rector, “A Dynamic Analysis of the 2001 and 2003 Bush Tax Cuts: Applying Alternative Techniques for Calibrating Macroeconomic and Microsimulation Models,” Heritage Foundation Center for Data Analysis Report No. CDA06-10, November 22, 2006, at www.heritage.org/Research/Taxes/cda06-10.cfm. 5. The projections are measured against the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO) January 2006 baseline economic and budgetary projections. CBO produces what is called a current-law baseline. A current-law baseline embodies the rules and conventions governing a current services federal budget. This means that over the 10-year budget period CBO assumes no changes in tax provisions or tax rates other than those already specified in current law. It also means that CBO assumes the continuation of current levels of federal spending. For more information, see Congressional Budget Office, “The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2007 to 2016,” at www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/70xx/doc7027/01-26-BudgetOutlook.pdf).
page 2
No. 2031 ration of all provisions of the 2001 and 2003 tax acts at the end of calendar year 2010. National estimates from this CDA analysis became the basis for the state and congressional district data in the attached tables.6 CDA analysts aggregated additional data used for this subnational analysis. State population estimate data were obtained from the Census Bureau,7 and personal income data were obtained from the Bureau of Economic Analysis.8 Data on economic output by state were also obtained from the Bureau of Economic Analysis,9 and employment data were collected from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.10 CDA analysts allocated these state estimates across congressional districts using data from the American Community Survey.11 Specifically, data were collected on total population, total non-farm employment, median household income, and aggregate income12 for each congressional district.13 Each of these figures was used to calculate the district’s shares of the state tax increase, personal income loss, job loss, and loss in gross domestic product (GDP). Congressional district shares were calculated as follows:
May 7, 2007 1. The estimated tax increase for each congressional district was calculated using median household income. First, the average median household income was calculated for each state. This number was then used to create an adjuster for each congressional district based on how its median household income compares to this calculated average. For example, if the median household income in a congressional district was $36,000 and the state average was $30,000, the district had a median income that was 20 percent higher than the state average ($36,000/$30,000 = .20). Because tax burden is based on income, the state tax increase figure was allocated to each congressional district using this income adjuster. Using the example above, and assuming that a state’s taxpayers can expect an estimated tax increase (based on average income) of $1,500, a taxpayer residing in this congressional district would have an actual tax increase that is 20 percent greater, or $1,800 (($1,500 x .20) + $1,500 = $1,800). 2. Loss of personal income, at the state level, was calculated at the aggregate level, representing the total amount of personal income that could be
6. Estimates presented in Table 1 of this paper are for 2012. 7. U.S. Census Bureau, “Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, and States and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006,” NST-EST2006-01, at www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2006-01.xls. 8. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System, Table SQ1, at www.bea.gov/regional/sqpi/default.cfm?sqtable=SQ1. 9. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, “Gross Domestic Product by State,” Table 3, at www.bea.gov/ newsreleases/regional/gdp_state/2006/xls/gsp1006.xls. 10. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Regional and State Employment and Unemployment: February 2007,” Table 3, at www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/laus_03302007.pdf. 11. U.S. Census Bureau, “American FactFinder: 2005 American Community Survey,” at http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ DatasetMainPageServlet?_program=ACS&_submenuId=datasets_2&_lang=en&_ts=. 12. Aggregate income, as reported by the American Community Survey and used in this paper, is the sum of monies received, by all persons who are 15 years old and older, from the following sources: wage or salary income; self-employment income; interest, dividends or net rental income; Social Security income; Supplemental Security Income (SSI); public assistance or welfare payments; retirement, survivor or disability income; and all other income sources. For more information on the measurement of income in the American Community Survey see “American Community Survey (Puerto Rico Community Survey): 2005 Subject Definitions,” at www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/2005/usedata/Subject_Definitions.pdf. 13. The data used to distribute these estimates across congressional districts are from 2005, which covered the 109th Congress. Two states, Georgia and Texas, redrew their districts for the 110th Congress. Congressional district estimates for these two states should be interpreted with caution because redistricting may have altered the demographic attributes of these states’ districts, including employment and income characteristics.
page 3
No. 2031 lost across the entire population of the state.14 Each congressional district’s share is calculated as the proportion of people residing in that congressional district. For example, if the total personal income loss in a state was $1,000 and a congressional district comprised 10 percent of the state’s population, people in that congressional district could expect to lose $100 in personal income ($1,000 x .10 = $100). 3. Non-farm employment for each congressional district was calculated by subtracting the number of people working in farming, fishing, and forestry from the total civilian employed population aged 16 or older. The percentage of non-farm employees in each congressional district was then calculated by dividing this number by the state’s non-farm employment. Each congressional district’s share of job losses was assumed to be equal to the proportion of non-farm jobs held in each district. For example, if a state could expect to lose 2,000 jobs as a result of the House budget resolution and a specific congressional district employed 15 percent of the state population, that congressional district could expect to lose 300 jobs (2,000 x .15 = 300).
May 7, 2007 4. Loss in gross domestic product was estimated as a state total, representing the total amount of estimated growth in GDP that a state could lose as a result of the House budget resolution. Because GDP and income are highly correlated, each congressional district’s share of GDP was assumed to be equal to the proportion of aggregate income found in that congressional district. For example, if a state could expect to lose $100 million in GDP, or economic growth, and a congressional district accounted for 20 percent of that state’s aggregate income, the congressional district could expect to lose $20 million in economic output ($100 million x .20 = $20 million).
Conclusion As it currently stands, the House budget resolution proposes to allow the Bush tax cuts to expire, which could potentially cause the average taxpayer to face an additional $3,026 in taxes. Further, allowing the Bush tax cuts to expire could cause great damage to the economy, reducing both job creation and economic growth. —Shanea Watkins, Ph.D., is Policy Analyst in Empirical Studies in the Center for Data Analysis at The Heritage Foundation.
14. The calculation for loss of personal income in 2012 is from Tracy L. Foertsch and Ralph A. Rector, “A Dynamic Analysis of the 2001 and 2003 Tax Cuts: Applying an Alternative Technique for Calibrating Macroeconomic and Microsimulation Models,” Table 3, Heritage Foundation Center for Data Analysis Report No. CDA06–10, November 22, 2006, at www.heritage.org/ Research/Taxes/cda06-10.cfm. The estimate in this paper was further adjusted to account for state tax rates, the final calculations are available upon request.
page 4
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Alabama 1: Jo Bonner (R) 2: Terry Everett (R) 3: Mike Rogers (R) 4: Robert Aderholt (R) 5: Robert E. Cramer (D) 6: Spencer Bachus (R) 7: Artur Davis (D) Statewide
643,536 629,035 616,491 634,109 649,666 679,525 590,196 4,442,558
283,515 277,186 264,462 270,858 297,442 340,531 236,324 1,970,318
$2,516 $2,476 $2,272 $2,324 $2,843 $3,584 $1,878 $2,556
$421 $412 $403 $415 $425 $445 $386 $415
2,095 2,048 1,954 2,002 2,198 2,517 1,746 14,561
$180 $178 $163 $159 $210 $265 $128 $1,283
Alaska At Large: Don Young (R)
641,724
298,983
$2,896
$504
2,254
$333
Arizona 1: Rick Renzi (R) 2: Trent Franks (R) 3: John Shadegg (R) 4: Ed Pastor (D) 5: Harry E. Mitchell (D) 6: Jeff Flake (R) 7: Raul Grijalva (D) 8: Gabrielle Giffords (D) Statewide
674,569 848,603 654,168 676,666 676,482 869,666 730,215 699,470 5,829,839
263,879 353,848 349,459 288,703 356,422 398,633 295,427 309,393 2,615,764
$2,230 $2,928 $3,078 $1,995 $3,168 $3,311 $2,229 $2,676 $2,702
$455 $572 $441 $456 $456 $586 $492 $471 $491
1,991 2,670 2,637 2,179 2,690 3,008 2,229 2,335 19,740
$164 $265 $274 $133 $289 $300 $163 $244 $1,832
Arkansas 1: Marion Berry (D) 2: Vic Snyder (D) 3: John Boozman (R) 4: Mike Ross (D) Statewide California 1: Mike Thompson (D) 2: Wally Herger (R) 3: Daniel E. Lungren (R) 4: John Doolittle (R) 5: Doris O. Matsui (D) 6: Lynn Woolsey (D)
658,744 678,284 722,962 641,441 2,701,431
280,405 323,953 339,771 270,665 1,214,794
$2,184 $2,838 $2,655 $2,171 $2,462
$387 $398 $424 $377 $396
2,073 2,395 2,512 2,001 8,982
$157 $216 $202 $159 $734
653,052 687,982 733,436 711,823 664,084 616,098
301,898 275,196 342,832 332,730 291,175 300,671
$2,916 $2,402 $3,604 $3,425 $2,582 $3,785
$531 $559 $596 $578 $540 $501
2,248 2,049 2,552 2,477 2,168 2,238
$253 $213 $295 $307 $207 $338
continued on next page 1
Total population and employment are 2005 data. 2 The estimations presented here are based on anticipated levels of economic growth by 2012. Therefore, tax increases and personal income loss calculations are based on the anticipated growth in income by 2012. The number of lost jobs is calculated based on the number of additional jobs that are anticipated to be created by 2012. Loss to the local economy is based on forecasted levels of growth in gross domestic product (GDP) by 2012. Gross State Product figures for each state can be found in Table 2. 3
This per capita number represents the additional out of pocket income, in addition to the increased tax burden, that a person can expect to lose if the House Budget Resolution is passed. The calculation of this number is based on anticipated levels of income growth by 2012.
page 5
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Congressional District and Representative California (continued) 7: George Miller (D) 8: Nancy Pelosi (D) 9: Barbara Lee (D) 10: Ellen Tauscher (D) 11: Jerry McNerney (D) 12: Tom Lantos (D) 13: Fortney Stark (D) 14: Anna G. Eshoo (D) 15: Mike Honda (D) 16: Zoe Lofgren (D) 17: Sam Farr (D) 18: Dennis Cardoza (D) 19: G. Radanovich (R) 20: Jim Costa (D) 21: Devin Nunes (R) 22: Kevin McCarthy (R) 23: Lois Capps (D) 24: Elton Gallegly (R) 25: H. “Buck” McKeon (R) 26: David Dreier (R) 27: Brad Sherman (D) 28: Howard Berman (D) 29: Adam Schiff (D) 30: Henry Waxman (D) 31: Xavier Becerra (D) 32: Hilda Solis (D) 33: Diane E. Watson (D) 34: L. Roybal-Allard (D) 35: Maxine Waters (D) 36: Jane Harman (D) 37: J. Millender-McDonald (D) 38: Grace Napolitano (D) 39: Linda Sanchez (D) 40: Ed Royce (R) 41: Jerry Lewis (R) 42: Gary Miller (R) 43: Joe Baca (D) 44: Ken Calvert (R) 45: Mary Bono (R) 46: D. Rohrabacher (R) 47: Loretta Sanchez (D) 48: John Campbell (R) 49: Darrell Issa (R)
page 6
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
632,578 590,357 600,061 688,345 748,682 618,033 636,098 633,985 640,335 624,586 614,457 690,722 710,736 635,440 715,887 697,345 637,713 654,325 737,052 674,267 660,583 660,746 625,959 625,978 627,026 656,869 631,055 642,980 694,954 645,474 672,447 634,108 676,378 666,966 738,921 660,277 711,338 775,789 761,228 652,218 634,302 673,241 706,786
292,812 324,208 285,285 319,961 340,381 304,312 295,666 310,835 311,628 288,845 266,658 246,174 305,930 186,541 258,932 293,443 282,234 311,358 297,529 327,910 319,746 302,895 297,853 332,625 272,293 264,871 293,680 258,315 279,256 335,691 278,051 266,986 286,415 320,192 295,422 322,027 283,064 370,626 312,031 320,395 270,884 344,984 294,362
$3,664 $3,343 $2,902 $4,329 $4,310 $4,431 $4,113 $5,149 $4,598 $4,276 $3,407 $2,355 $3,044 $1,805 $2,553 $2,869 $3,057 $4,399 $3,337 $4,240 $3,247 $2,780 $3,050 $4,341 $1,840 $2,724 $2,192 $1,897 $2,165 $3,695 $2,490 $2,866 $3,030 $3,770 $2,681 $4,956 $2,581 $3,756 $2,920 $4,189 $2,751 $4,743 $3,406
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs $514 $480 $488 $559 $608 $502 $517 $515 $520 $508 $499 $561 $578 $516 $582 $567 $518 $532 $599 $548 $537 $537 $509 $509 $509 $534 $513 $522 $565 $524 $546 $515 $550 $542 $600 $537 $578 $630 $619 $530 $515 $547 $574
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
2,180 $236 2,414 $337 2,124 $253 2,382 $347 2,534 $356 2,266 $340 2,201 $274 2,314 $438 2,320 $334 2,150 $268 1,985 $226 1,833 $162 2,278 $243 1,389 $114 1,928 $194 2,185 $232 2,101 $225 2,318 $317 2,215 $241 2,441 $322 2,380 $245 2,255 $236 2,217 $261 2,476 $510 2,027 $134 1,972 $156 2,186 $218 1,923 $124 2,079 $160 2,499 $341 2,070 $168 1,988 $153 2,132 $179 2,384 $258 2,199 $230 2,397 $326 2,107 $156 2,759 $296 2,323 $274 2,385 $348 2,017 $133 2,568 $445 2,191 $248 continued on next page
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
California (continued) 50: Brian P. Bilbray (R) 51: Bob Filner (D) 52: Duncan Hunter (R) 53: Susan Davis (D) Statewide
688,418 664,793 675,557 566,898 35,278,768
340,571 255,764 309,667 280,866 15,804,676
$4,296 $2,795 $3,792 $2,700 $3,331
$559 $540 $549 $461 $541
2,535 1,904 2,305 2,091 117,661
$360 $178 $280 $235 $13,725
Colorado 1: Diana DeGette (D) 2: Mark Udall (D) 3: John T. Salazar (D) 4: Marilyn Musgrave (R) 5: Doug Lamborn (R) 6: Tom Tancredo (R) 7: Ed Perlmutter (D) Statewide
602,608 658,330 643,636 658,599 641,475 721,347 636,249 4,562,244
305,998 363,449 311,382 333,459 302,921 384,614 319,293 2,321,116
$2,539 $3,477 $2,415 $2,704 $2,973 $4,641 $2,902 $3,093
$496 $542 $530 $542 $528 $594 $524 $536
2,306 2,739 2,347 2,513 2,283 2,899 2,406 17,493
$250 $287 $214 $233 $236 $383 $229 $1,832
Connecticut 1: John B. Larson (D) 2: Joe Courtney (D) 3: Rosa L. DeLauro (D) 4: Christopher Shays (R) 5: C. Murphy (D) Statewide
677,295 674,703 668,110 676,963 697,680 3,394,751
337,892 355,956 336,727 322,989 346,904 1,700,468
$4,056 $4,413 $3,842 $5,211 $4,034 $4,311
$700 $698 $691 $700 $722 $702
2,400 2,528 2,391 2,294 2,464 12,077
$287 $302 $277 $461 $312 $1,639
Delaware At Large: Michael Castle (R)
818,587
401,709
$3,015
$673
2,898
$478
Florida 1: Jeff Miller (R) 2: Allen Boyd (D) 3: Corrine Brown (D) 4: Ander Crenshaw (R) 5: V. Brown-Waite (R) 6: Cliff Stearns (R) 7: John Mica (R) 8: Ric Keller (R) 9: Gus M. Bilirakis (R) 10: C.W. Bill Young (R) 11: Kathy Castor (D) 12: Adam Putnam (R) 13: Vern Buchanan (R) 14: Connie Mack (R) 15: Dave Weldon (R)
641,007 648,945 615,663 665,615 795,671 717,375 746,836 724,820 716,257 630,633 645,231 722,870 713,669 769,458 733,821
281,285 302,056 267,670 326,102 323,045 322,841 341,869 354,859 329,883 292,045 307,084 315,238 297,326 333,664 325,851
$3,009 $2,888 $2,186 $3,455 $2,824 $2,964 $3,132 $3,236 $3,444 $2,918 $2,540 $2,917 $3,145 $3,398 $3,034
$484 $490 $465 $502 $600 $541 $563 $547 $540 $476 $487 $545 $538 $581 $554
2,136 $190 2,294 $195 2,033 $132 2,477 $232 2,453 $231 2,452 $216 2,596 $267 2,695 $244 2,505 $266 2,218 $230 2,332 $188 2,394 $201 2,258 $262 2,534 $324 2,475 $235 continued on next page
page 7
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Florida (continued) 16: Tim Mahoney (D) 17: Kendrick Meek (D) 18: I. Ros-Lehtinen (R) 19: Robert Wexler (D) 20: D. Schultz (D) 21: L. Diaz-Balart (R) 22: Ron Klein (D) 23: Alcee L. Hastings (D) 24: Tom Feeney (R) 25: M. Diaz-Balart (R) Statewide
728,130 657,770 621,856 709,119 687,558 673,259 661,636 668,936 727,351 759,025 17,382,511
295,212 274,723 289,545 304,130 340,323 313,248 320,713 289,755 354,500 340,970 7,843,937
$3,108 $2,226 $2,459 $3,178 $3,625 $3,051 $3,959 $2,511 $3,368 $3,417 $3,040
$549 $496 $469 $535 $519 $508 $499 $505 $549 $573 $525
2,242 2,086 2,199 2,310 2,585 2,379 2,436 2,201 2,692 2,589 59,570
$259 $129 $230 $262 $283 $188 $340 $148 $244 $201 $5,697
Georgia 1: Jack Kingston (R) 2: S. Bishop Jr. (D) 3: L. Westmoreland (R) 4: H. Johnson Jr. (D) 5: John Lewis (D) 6: Tom Price (R) 7: John Linder (R) 8: Jim Marshall (D) 9: Nathan Deal (R) 10: Vacancy 11: Phil Gingrey (R) 12: John Barrow (D) 13: David Scott (D) Statewide
640,914 603,237 604,348 626,517 616,802 743,367 794,699 742,669 702,359 748,180 644,653 609,303 744,094 8,821,142
272,059 244,513 249,799 321,643 321,347 388,036 401,247 360,454 321,092 353,482 297,285 271,056 356,807 4,158,820
$2,363 $1,900 $1,931 $2,821 $2,531 $4,678 $3,969 $3,276 $2,537 $2,716 $2,353 $2,041 $2,545 $2,743
$438 $412 $413 $428 $421 $508 $543 $507 $480 $511 $440 $416 $508 $463
2,053 1,845 1,885 2,427 2,425 2,928 3,028 2,720 2,423 2,667 2,243 2,045 2,693 31,383
$194 $158 $155 $240 $295 $423 $325 $274 $221 $235 $185 $159 $215 $3,079
Hawaii 1: Neil Abercrombie (D) 2: Mazie K. Hirono (D) Statewide
608,588 629,570 1,238,158
288,253 290,388 578,641
$2,680 $2,753 $2,716
$465 $481 $473
2,105 2,121 4,226
$236 $221 $457
Idaho 1: Bill Sali (R) 2: Mike Simpson (R) Statewide
735,075 660,559 1,395,634
345,243 308,251 653,494
$2,688 $2,508 $2,598
$468 $421 $445
2,594 2,316 4,910
$213 $187 $399
633,296 671,118 646,509 647,949
243,909 270,037 283,055 286,379
$2,401 $2,740 $3,170 $2,476
$503 $533 $513 $515
1,788 1,979 2,075 2,099
$179 $187 $222 $150
Illinois 1: Bobby L. Rush (D) 2: Jesse L. Jackson Jr. (D) 3: Daniel Lipinski (D) 4: Luis Gutierrez (D)
continued on next page
page 8
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Illinois (continued) 5: Rahm Emanuel (D) 6: Peter J. Roskam (R) 7: Danny K. Davis (D) 8: Melissa L. Bean (D) 9: Jan Schakowsky (D) 10: Mark Kirk (R) 11: Jerry Weller (R) 12: Jerry Costello (D) 13: Judy Biggert (R) 14: Dennis Hastert (R) 15: T. Johnson (R) 16: Donald Manzullo (R) 17: Phil Hare (D) 18: Ray LaHood (R) 19: John Shimkus (R) Statewide
611,050 650,482 599,066 716,099 579,451 646,395 696,088 629,650 748,189 752,346 634,699 702,138 606,797 635,587 633,442 12,440,351
328,568 336,861 263,809 366,315 297,501 307,655 341,306 281,989 382,908 385,557 313,007 346,576 284,812 303,532 308,231 5,932,007
$3,405 $4,316 $2,845 $4,256 $3,377 $4,804 $3,424 $2,401 $4,708 $3,914 $2,649 $3,376 $2,317 $2,999 $2,798 $3,283
$485 $517 $476 $569 $460 $513 $553 $500 $594 $597 $504 $558 $482 $505 $503 $520
2,408 2,469 1,934 2,685 2,181 2,255 2,502 2,067 2,807 2,826 2,294 2,540 2,088 2,225 2,259 43,481
$274 $289 $264 $316 $270 $412 $246 $183 $380 $290 $207 $259 $180 $221 $207 $4,739
Indiana 1: Peter Visclosky (D) 2: Joe Donnelly (D) 3: Mark E. Souder (R) 4: Steve Buyer (R) 5: Dan Burton (R) 6: Mike Pence (R) 7: Julia Carson (D) 8: Brad Ellsworth (D) 9: Baron Hill (D) Statewide
684,232 660,967 690,345 703,149 756,005 651,278 624,585 650,429 672,382 6,093,372
312,993 310,366 335,780 351,463 374,453 298,495 290,304 309,760 320,128 2,903,742
$2,806 $2,571 $2,875 $3,097 $3,563 $2,508 $2,198 $2,476 $2,474 $2,730
$464 $448 $468 $476 $512 $441 $423 $441 $456 $459
2,305 2,286 2,473 2,588 2,757 2,198 2,138 2,281 2,357 21,383
$226 $208 $229 $254 $312 $199 $183 $205 $204 $2,019
Iowa 1: Bruce L. Braley (D) 2: David Loebsack (D) 3: Leonard Boswell (D) 4: Tom Latham (R) 5: Steve King (R) Statewide
564,773 575,799 596,535 563,115 562,319 2,862,541
289,688 302,069 319,818 296,582 283,006 1,491,163
$2,744 $2,690 $3,142 $2,698 $2,614 $2,778
$394 $402 $417 $393 $393 $400
2,099 2,188 2,317 2,149 2,050 10,803
$183 $196 $222 $189 $170 $961
Kansas 1: Jerry Moran (R) 2: Nancy E. Boyda (D) 3: Dennis Moore (D) 4: Todd Tiahrt (R) Statewide
630,963 647,206 712,144 672,303 2,662,616
311,561 326,396 379,005 325,818 1,342,780
$2,475 $2,686 $3,547 $2,744 $2,863
$458 $470 $517 $488 $484
2,234 $178 2,341 $201 2,718 $302 2,337 $213 9,630 $893 continued on next page
page 9
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Kentucky 1: Ed Whitfield (R) 2: Ron Lewis (R) 3: John A. Yarmuth (D) 4: Geoff Davis (R) 5: Harold Rogers (R) 6: Ben Chandler (D) Statewide
651,474 695,283 668,451 698,326 668,444 676,655 4,058,633
276,644 316,919 317,884 328,506 232,091 329,641 1,801,685
$2,255 $2,754 $2,779 $3,048 $1,794 $2,750 $2,563
$399 $425 $409 $427 $409 $414 $414
2,069 2,370 2,378 2,457 1,736 2,465 13,475
$171 $198 $235 $225 $140 $220 $1,189
Louisiana 1: Bobby Jindal (R) 2: William J. Jefferson (D) 3: Charlie Melancon (D) 4: Jim McCrery (R) 5: Rodney Alexander (R) 6: Richard Baker (R) 7: C. Boustany Jr. (R) Statewide
656,817 598,453 641,737 624,942 599,698 635,075 633,025 4,389,747
304,685 251,564 271,965 255,751 246,210 298,053 273,637 1,901,865
$3,267 $2,207 $2,732 $2,494 $2,272 $3,063 $2,460 $2,642
$402 $367 $393 $383 $367 $389 $388 $384
2,085 1,722 1,861 1,750 1,685 2,040 1,873 13,017
$266 $182 $196 $190 $171 $226 $192 $1,423
Maine 1: Tom Allen (D) 2: Michael Michaud (D) Statewide
651,227 632,446 1,283,673
341,151 304,263 645,414
$3,003 $2,399 $2,701
$436 $424 $430
2,456 2,190 4,646
$215 $165 $381
Maryland 1: Wayne Gilchrest (R) 2: C.A. Ruppersberger (D) 3: John P. Sarbanes (D) 4: Albert Wynn (D) 5: Steny H. Hoyer (D) 6: Roscoe Bartlett (R) 7: Elijah Cummings (D) 8: Chris Van Hollen (D) Statewide
699,018 677,610 664,785 684,109 719,639 700,023 624,405 691,729 5,461,318
350,017 338,559 345,413 348,258 371,345 360,312 280,181 358,869 2,752,954
$3,143 $2,578 $3,248 $3,433 $3,919 $3,182 $2,320 $4,084 $3,238
$639 $619 $608 $625 $658 $640 $571 $632 $624
2,496 2,415 2,463 2,484 2,648 2,570 1,998 2,559 19,634
$261 $211 $270 $249 $279 $257 $196 $359 $2,083
611,889 639,125 640,062 613,443 641,884 626,120 595,119 555,569
305,559 314,341 314,663 303,482 318,917 312,948 311,238 295,442
$3,089 $3,146 $3,686 $3,854 $4,011 $3,998 $3,873 $2,863
$587 $614 $614 $589 $616 $601 $571 $533
2,184 2,247 2,249 2,169 2,280 2,237 2,225 2,112
$224 $232 $268 $318 $295 $302 $292 $241
Massachusetts 1: John Olver (D) 2: Richard E. Neal (D) 3: James McGovern (D) 4: Barney Frank (D) 5: Marty Meehan (D) 6: John Tierney (D) 7: Ed Markey (D) 8: M. Capuano (D)
continued on next page
page 10
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Employment
Massachusetts (continued) 9: Stephen Lynch (D) 10: William Delahunt (D) Statewide
610,988 648,661 6,182,860
305,761 330,908 3,113,259
Michigan 1: Bart Stupak (D) 2: Pete Hoekstra (R) 3: Vernon J. Ehlers (R) 4: Dave Camp (R) 5: Dale Kildee (D) 6: Fred Upton (R) 7: Timothy Walberg (R) 8: Mike Rogers (R) 9: J. Knollenberg (R) 10: Candice Miller (R) 11: T. McCotter (R) 12: Sander Levin (D) 13: Carolyn Kilpatrick (D) 14: John Conyers Jr. (D) 15: John D. Dingell (D) Statewide
646,075 671,485 672,650 660,152 643,726 653,621 664,267 683,207 659,970 710,286 700,201 639,254 593,816 610,728 656,145 9,865,583
282,614 312,440 328,928 296,366 275,787 305,521 310,805 343,882 333,027 332,759 345,089 305,601 208,987 221,249 314,567 4,517,622
$2,313 $2,900 $2,995 $2,614 $2,644 $2,671 $3,019 $3,633 $4,392 $3,556 $3,956 $2,936 $1,954 $2,274 $3,260 $3,008
Minnesota 1: Timothy J. Walz (D) 2: John Kline (R) 3: Jim Ramstad (R) 4: Betty McCollum (D) 5: Keith Ellison (D) 6: Michele Bachmann (R) 7: Collin C. Peterson (D) 8: James L. Oberstar (D) Statewide
604,740 689,400 634,853 576,259 567,479 691,691 600,193 625,233 4,989,848
322,945 384,053 340,432 293,642 313,938 382,754 303,208 304,815 2,645,787
Mississippi 1: Roger Wicker (R) 2: B. Thompson (D) 3: C. Pickering (R) 4: Gene Taylor (D) Statewide
732,298 663,479 709,704 718,675 2,824,156
Missouri 1: William Clay Jr. (D) 2: Todd Akin (R) 3: Russ Carnahan (D)
583,541 673,242 621,291
$3,980 $4,021 $3,652
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
$587 $623 $594
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
2,186 2,366 22,256
$277 $309 $2,758
$450 $468 $468 $460 $448 $455 $462 $476 $459 $495 $487 $445 $413 $425 $457 $458
2,066 2,284 2,404 2,166 2,016 2,233 2,272 2,514 2,434 2,432 2,522 2,234 1,528 1,617 2,299 33,021
$176 $194 $207 $188 $183 $194 $207 $249 $338 $239 $285 $206 $139 $151 $227 $3,183
$2,697 $3,989 $3,872 $2,964 $2,657 $3,630 $2,413 $2,478 $3,088
$488 $556 $512 $465 $458 $558 $484 $505 $503
2,358 2,804 2,486 2,144 2,292 2,795 2,214 2,226 19,319
$210 $307 $337 $230 $229 $284 $186 $201 $1,985
330,245 255,706 314,252 301,550 1,201,753
$2,273 $1,903 $2,389 $2,479 $2,261
$403 $365 $390 $395 $388
2,360 1,828 2,246 2,155 8,589
$177 $139 $192 $180 $688
266,550 361,086 312,743
$2,559 $4,530 $3,001
$398 $460 $424
1,950 $184 2,642 $323 2,288 $223 continued on next page
page 11
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
Missouri (continued) 4: Ike Skelton (D) 5: Emanuel Cleaver (D) 6: Sam Graves (R) 7: Roy Blunt (R) 8: Jo Ann Emerson (R) 9: Kenny Hulshof (R) Statewide
626,263 620,470 629,878 643,983 620,501 612,741 5,631,910
285,196 299,133 320,231 314,974 263,058 304,888 2,727,859
$2,538 $2,771 $2,965 $2,397 $2,007 $2,657 $2,825
$428 $424 $430 $440 $424 $418 $427
2,087 2,189 2,343 2,305 1,925 2,231 19,959
$169 $204 $212 $181 $149 $184 $1,828
910,651
459,400
$2,625
$590
3,245
$253
Nebraska 1: Jeff Fortenberry (R) 2: Lee Terry (R) 3: Adrian Smith (R) Statewide
572,745 587,927 546,304 1,706,976
308,550 299,152 276,050 883,752
$2,945 $3,071 $2,391 $2,802
$411 $421 $392 $408
2,221 2,153 1,987 6,361
$202 $229 $167 $598
Nevada 1: Shelley Berkley (D) 2: Dean Heller (R) 3: Jon Porter (R) Statewide
752,152 754,420 874,709 2,381,281
360,834 359,943 438,080 1,158,857
$2,633 $2,902 $3,238 $2,924
$592 $594 $688 $625
2,706 2,699 3,285 8,690
$265 $299 $378 $942
New Hampshire 1: Carol Shea-Porter (D) 2: Paul W. Hodes (D) Statewide
646,143 626,343 1,272,486
348,581 332,259 680,840
$3,297 $3,106 $3,202
$527 $510 $519
2,480 2,364 4,844
$242 $224 $466
New Jersey 1: Robert E. Andrews (D) 2: Frank LoBiondo (R) 3: Jim Saxton (R) 4: Chris Smith (R) 5: Scott Garrett (R) 6: Frank Pallone Jr. (D) 7: Michael Ferguson (R) 8: Bill Pascrell Jr. (D) 9: Steven Rothman (D) 10: Donald M. Payne (D) 11: R. Frelinghuysen (R) 12: Rush Holt (D) 13: Albio Sires (D) Statewide
650,916 656,659 684,357 675,532 661,926 636,680 660,932 641,671 653,934 641,021 662,801 668,015 626,983 8,521,427
319,825 311,552 325,827 314,007 324,558 321,412 327,848 298,827 323,399 275,835 333,286 325,951 304,110 4,106,437
$3,231 $3,064 $3,767 $3,684 $4,904 $3,594 $5,074 $3,327 $3,368 $2,455 $5,165 $5,010 $2,497 $3,780
$621 $627 $653 $645 $632 $608 $631 $612 $624 $612 $632 $637 $598 $625
Montana At Large: D. Rehberg (R)
page 12
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
2,293 $224 2,233 $230 2,336 $291 2,251 $273 2,327 $354 2,304 $256 2,350 $372 2,142 $245 2,318 $268 1,977 $182 2,389 $396 2,337 $352 2,180 $204 29,439 $3,647 continued on next page
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
New Mexico 1: Heather Wilson (R) 2: Steve Pearce (R) 3: Tom Udall (D) Statewide
640,640 610,044 636,516 1,887,200
307,468 247,297 286,527 841,292
$2,632 $2,002 $2,400 $2,345
$399 $380 $397 $392
2,233 1,796 2,081 6,111
$230 $156 $197 $583
671,433 663,555 632,873 653,818 639,410 649,516 656,162 683,778 634,440 660,270 648,527 619,184 669,362 646,804 633,679 655,639 654,942 639,537 662,574 654,640 634,066 632,325 619,357 612,464 645,491 635,883 623,156 587,960 634,430 18,655,275
327,426 324,567 303,022 314,872 300,156 289,805 296,224 344,422 275,235 255,924 295,461 266,915 299,550 368,005 270,124 215,023 289,038 312,339 330,046 331,828 313,635 311,173 274,651 293,272 312,147 307,557 289,104 257,728 300,007 8,669,256
$5,376 $5,681 $5,740 $5,177 $3,982 $3,621 $2,960 $3,987 $3,561 $2,439 $2,915 $2,341 $4,053 $4,813 $2,229 $1,350 $3,494 $5,627 $5,435 $3,687 $3,248 $3,157 $2,898 $2,887 $3,399 $3,522 $2,872 $2,384 $3,238 $3,658
$591 $584 $557 $576 $563 $572 $578 $602 $559 $581 $571 $545 $589 $570 $558 $577 $577 $563 $583 $577 $558 $557 $545 $539 $568 $560 $549 $518 $559 $567
2,334 2,314 2,160 2,245 2,140 2,066 2,112 2,455 1,962 1,824 2,106 1,903 2,135 2,624 1,926 1,533 2,061 2,227 2,353 2,366 2,236 2,218 1,958 2,091 2,225 2,193 2,061 1,837 2,139 61,803
$347 $348 $358 $322 $305 $204 $208 $545 $255 $181 $232 $180 $281 $618 $249 $109 $244 $478 $366 $270 $251 $229 $194 $202 $251 $248 $213 $178 $236 $8,105
596,939 630,166 610,367 693,159
243,829 289,952 272,750 360,740
$1,865 $2,583 $2,745 $3,648
$409 $431 $418 $475
1,811 2,154 2,026 2,679
$146 $191 $210 $342
New York 1: Timothy Bishop (D) 2: Steve Israel (D) 3: Pete King (R) 4: Carolyn McCarthy (D) 5: Gary Ackerman (D) 6: Gregory W. Meeks (D) 7: Joseph Crowley (D) 8: Jerrold Nadler (D) 9: Anthony D. Weiner (D) 10: Edolphus Towns (D) 11: Yvette D. Clarke (D) 12: N. Velázquez (D) 13: Vito Fossella (R) 14: Carolyn Maloney (D) 15: Charles B. Rangel (D) 16: José E. Serrano (D) 17: Eliot Engel (D) 18: Nita Lowey (D) 19: John J. Hall (D) 20: K. Gillibrand (D) 21: M. McNulty (D) 22: Maurice Hinchey (D) 23: John M. McHugh (R) 24: Michael A. Arcuri (D) 25: Jim Walsh (R) 26: T. Reynolds (R) 27: Brian Higgins (D) 28: Louise Slaughter (D) 29: J. Kuhl Jr. (R) Statewide North Carolina 1: G.K. Butterfield (D) 2: Bob Etheridge (D) 3: Walter B. Jones (R) 4: David Price (D)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
continued on next page
page 13
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
637,364 658,250 656,703 638,700 733,818 639,117 633,115 630,020 653,323 8,411,041
313,956 319,632 289,987 288,298 369,970 296,226 295,156 296,055 328,881 3,965,432
$2,695 $2,827 $2,340 $2,501 $3,627 $2,474 $2,395 $2,343 $2,692 $2,672
$436 $451 $450 $437 $502 $438 $433 $431 $447 $443
2,332 2,374 2,154 2,141 2,748 2,200 2,192 2,199 2,443 29,452
$221 $238 $201 $195 $354 $196 $213 $184 $240 $2,933
North Dakota At Large: E. Pomeroy (D)
609,645
327,264
$2,614
$419
2,374
$206
Ohio 1: Steve Chabot (R) 2: Jean Schmidt (R) 3: Michael Turner (R) 4: Jim Jordan (R) 5: Paul Gillmor (R) 6: Charles A. Wilson (D) 7: David Hobson (R) 8: John A. Boehner (R) 9: Marcy Kaptur (D) 10: Dennis Kucinich (D) 11: S. Tubbs Jones (D) 12: Pat Tiberi (R) 13: Betty Sutton (D) 14: S. LaTourette (R) 15: Deborah Pryce (R) 16: Ralph Regula (R) 17: Tim Ryan (D) 18: Zachary T. Space (D) Statewide
586,819 644,431 629,544 610,254 614,878 593,432 628,345 629,795 606,199 611,778 554,155 672,635 640,996 651,598 626,845 627,815 595,187 630,900 11,155,606
281,864 307,530 295,492 292,225 308,799 258,302 297,934 304,400 282,363 289,219 232,473 340,747 310,249 321,456 315,391 303,379 280,540 283,108 5,305,471
$2,549 $3,065 $2,783 $2,639 $2,829 $2,201 $2,869 $2,776 $2,614 $2,636 $1,968 $3,258 $2,950 $3,329 $2,894 $2,786 $2,397 $2,345 $2,716
$405 $445 $435 $421 $424 $410 $434 $435 $418 $422 $383 $464 $443 $450 $433 $433 $411 $436 $428
2,060 2,248 2,160 2,136 2,257 1,888 2,178 2,225 2,064 2,114 1,699 2,490 2,268 2,349 2,305 2,217 2,050 2,069 38,777
$188 $254 $218 $184 $190 $164 $208 $205 $197 $200 $175 $275 $231 $262 $232 $203 $175 $171 $3,731
699,783 681,402 660,052 697,604 694,655 3,433,496
340,177 285,298 305,469 332,626 319,270 1,582,840
$2,848 $2,169 $2,510 $2,783 $2,494 $2,561
$474 $461 $447 $472 $470 $465
2,431 2,039 2,183 2,377 2,281 11,310
$234 $172 $186 $210 $226 $1,028
Congressional District and Representative North Carolina (continued) 5: Virginia Foxx (R) 6: Howard Coble (R) 7: Mike McIntyre (D) 8: Robin Hayes (R) 9: Sue Myrick (R) 10: Patrick McHenry (R) 11: Heath Shuler (D) 12: Mel Watt (D) 13: Brad Miller (D) Statewide
Oklahoma 1: John Sullivan (R) 2: Dan Boren (D) 3: Frank Lucas (R) 4: Tom Cole (R) 5: Mary Fallin (R) Statewide
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
continued on next page
page 14
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Total Non-Farm Employment
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Oregon 1: David Wu (D) 2: Greg Walden (R) 3: Earl Blumenauer (D) 4: Peter DeFazio (D) 5: Darlene Hooley (D) Statewide
739,013 721,136 696,643 694,495 708,822 3,560,109
373,618 322,992 343,979 310,668 330,370 1,681,627
$3,193 $2,553 $2,742 $2,327 $2,944 $2,752
$522 $509 $492 $491 $501 $503
2,792 2,414 2,571 2,322 2,469 12,568
$295 $218 $240 $208 $260 $1,221
Pennsylvania 1: Robert Brady (D) 2: Chaka Fattah (D) 3: Phil English (R) 4: Jason Altmire (D) 5: John E. Peterson (R) 6: Jim Gerlach (R) 7: Joe Sestak (D) 8: Patrick J. Murphy (D) 9: Bill Shuster (R) 10: C. Carney (D) 11: Paul E. Kanjorski (D) 12: John Murtha (D) 13: A. Schwartz (D) 14: Mike Doyle (D) 15: Charles W. Dent (R) 16: Joseph R. Pitts (R) 17: Tim Holden (D) 18: Tim Murphy (R) 19: Todd Platts (R) Statewide
616,755 568,754 613,076 638,384 604,746 682,399 637,800 659,034 628,995 621,263 644,518 607,549 632,940 571,380 665,540 655,025 627,657 637,083 666,249 11,979,147
230,835 232,788 285,407 303,485 275,537 348,490 326,031 337,322 292,050 286,025 295,513 262,024 300,630 263,079 331,729 320,380 310,845 314,887 344,427 5,661,484
$1,996 $2,156 $2,686 $3,329 $2,365 $4,136 $4,197 $4,240 $2,579 $2,698 $2,587 $2,324 $3,610 $2,096 $3,459 $3,337 $3,101 $3,355 $3,317 $3,030
$473 $436 $470 $490 $464 $523 $489 $505 $482 $476 $494 $466 $485 $438 $510 $502 $481 $489 $511 $483
1,675 1,689 2,071 2,202 1,999 2,528 2,366 2,447 2,119 2,075 2,144 1,901 2,181 1,909 2,407 2,325 2,255 2,285 2,499 41,077
$144 $173 $177 $249 $167 $318 $307 $289 $177 $189 $187 $168 $258 $168 $249 $237 $208 $240 $232 $4,138
Rhode Island 1: Patrick Kennedy (D) 2: Jim Langevin (D) Statewide
511,049 521,613 1,032,662
249,889 266,936 516,825
$2,864 $3,146 $3,005
$396 $405 $401
1,825 1,949 3,774
$181 $189 $370
South Carolina 1: Henry Brown (R) 2: Joe Wilson (R) 3: J.Gresham Barrett (R) 4: Bob Inglis (R) 5: John Spratt (D) 6: James E. Clyburn (D) Statewide
744,104 709,275 675,255 687,302 690,283 607,742 4,113,961
363,150 339,825 303,851 326,224 298,084 255,326 1,886,460
$2,815 $2,953 $2,448 $2,576 $2,282 $1,821 $2,483
$464 $442 $421 $429 $431 $379 $428
2,704 2,530 2,262 2,429 2,219 1,901 14,046
$241 $238 $182 $207 $179 $137 $1,185
continued on next page
page 15
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
South Dakota At Large: S. Sandlin (D)
746,033
382,449
$2,596
$539
2,840
$262
Tennessee 1: David Davis (R) 2: John J. Duncan Jr. (R) 3: Zach Wamp (R) 4: Lincoln Davis (D) 5: Jim Cooper (D) 6: Bart Gordon (D) 7: Marsha Blackburn (R) 8: John Tanner (D) 9: Steve Cohen (D) Statewide
639,305 663,265 633,554 647,356 615,735 693,261 692,098 630,457 595,559 5,810,590
297,787 316,891 293,228 276,583 309,008 341,403 332,210 274,705 267,964 2,709,779
$2,292 $2,725 $2,511 $2,246 $2,725 $2,766 $3,666 $2,337 $2,230 $2,611
$432 $448 $428 $437 $416 $469 $468 $426 $402 $436
2,172 2,311 2,139 2,017 2,254 2,490 2,423 2,004 1,954 19,764
$184 $232 $213 $175 $235 $227 $309 $171 $192 $1,939
Texas 1: Louie Gohmert (R) 2: Ted Poe (R) 3: Sam Johnson (R) 4: Ralph M. Hall (R) 5: Jeb Hensarling (R) 6: Joe Barton (R) 7: John Culberson (R) 8: Kevin Brady (R) 9: Al Green (D) 10: Michael McCaul (R) 11: Michael Conaway (R) 12: Kay Granger (R) 13: Mac Thornberry (R) 14: Ron Paul (R) 15: Ruben Hinojosa (D) 16: Silvestre Reyes (D) 17: Chet Edwards (D) 18: S. Jackson Lee (D) 19: R. Neugebauer (R) 20: C. Gonzalez (D) 21: Lamar Smith (R) 22: Nick Lampson (D) 23: Ciro Rodriguez (D) 24: Kenny Marchant (R) 25: Lloyd Doggett (D) 26: Michael Burgess (R)
664,756 685,115 793,790 709,717 669,399 725,580 712,888 714,823 670,003 792,644 646,112 730,087 623,544 700,548 722,494 682,915 671,846 625,271 620,796 624,254 742,497 790,889 724,795 741,456 688,908 750,608
286,723 310,663 408,779 327,707 305,178 347,993 387,149 313,808 313,103 402,591 289,376 351,932 283,437 314,191 258,492 252,595 310,354 272,810 271,234 268,666 379,791 397,138 319,737 390,409 276,517 372,153
$2,347 $3,138 $3,793 $2,902 $2,734 $3,175 $3,886 $2,918 $2,161 $3,634 $2,391 $3,049 $2,366 $2,789 $1,765 $1,987 $2,362 $2,115 $2,236 $2,180 $3,994 $4,000 $2,860 $3,652 $1,897 $3,409
$487 $502 $582 $520 $491 $532 $523 $524 $491 $581 $474 $535 $457 $514 $530 $501 $493 $458 $455 $458 $544 $580 $531 $544 $505 $550
page 16
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
2,133 $228 2,311 $282 3,041 $414 2,438 $276 2,270 $246 2,589 $277 2,880 $488 2,334 $284 2,329 $186 2,995 $374 2,153 $214 2,618 $286 2,108 $213 2,337 $270 1,923 $162 1,879 $166 2,309 $221 2,029 $176 2,018 $199 1,998 $171 2,825 $430 2,954 $373 2,378 $290 2,904 $371 2,057 $159 2,768 $326 continued on next page
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued) Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
Texas (continued) 27: Solomon P. Ortiz (D) 28: Henry Cuellar (D) 29: Gene Green (D) 30: E. Johnson (D) 31: John Carter (R) 32: Pete Sessions (R) Statewide
676,728 717,206 652,649 625,819 725,076 646,952 22,270,165
260,135 291,798 255,994 276,324 313,773 321,181 10,131,731
$2,161 $2,205 $1,962 $2,069 $3,103 $2,920 $2,755
$496 $526 $479 $459 $532 $474 $510
1,935 2,171 1,904 2,055 2,334 2,389 75,365
$181 $177 $140 $189 $280 $328 $8,372
802,523 787,289 837,538 2,427,350
390,939 382,401 398,678 1,172,018
$2,711 $2,608 $2,633 $2,651
$499 $490 $521 $504
2,894 2,830 2,951 8,675
$253 $286 $229 $768
602,290
322,215
$2,863
$429
2,357
$195
Virginia 1: Jo Ann S. Davis (R) 2: Thelma D. Drake (R) 3: Robert Scott (D) 4: J. Randy Forbes (R) 5: Virgil H. Goode Jr. (R) 6: Bob Goodlatte (R) 7: Eric Cantor (R) 8: Jim Moran (D) 9: Rick Boucher (D) 10: Frank Wolf (R) 11: Tom Davis (R) Statewide
718,099 616,889 606,959 678,575 637,275 630,257 701,239 638,999 615,812 773,667 714,837 7,332,608
350,324 288,603 274,058 323,613 290,834 304,599 367,905 363,840 271,381 406,933 373,478 3,615,568
$3,264 $2,887 $2,009 $2,915 $2,049 $2,279 $3,231 $4,170 $1,734 $4,632 $5,150 $3,120
$590 $507 $499 $557 $523 $518 $576 $525 $506 $636 $587 $548
2,554 2,104 1,998 2,359 2,120 2,221 2,682 2,653 1,979 2,967 2,723 26,361
$280 $227 $171 $231 $190 $200 $300 $397 $153 $424 $405 $2,978
Washington 1: Jay Inslee (D) 2: Rick Larsen (D) 3: Brian Baird (D) 4: Doc Hastings (R) 5: C. McMorris Rodgers (R) 6: Norman D. Dicks (D) 7: Jim McDermott (D) 8: David G. Reichert (R) 9: Adam Smith (D) Statewide
698,305 692,515 728,014 699,682 655,142 665,425 621,207 715,538 670,510 6,146,338
357,326 331,490 334,071 283,483 298,898 286,667 350,808 360,293 317,630 2,920,666
$3,858 $2,918 $2,923 $2,468 $2,341 $2,600 $3,033 $4,372 $3,071 $3,065
$549 $544 $572 $550 $515 $523 $488 $563 $527 $537
2,677 2,484 2,503 2,124 2,240 2,148 2,629 2,700 2,380 21,884
$314 $236 $242 $191 $188 $212 $298 $344 $237 $2,262
Utah 1: Rob Bishop (R) 2: Jim Matheson (D) 3: Chris Cannon (R) Statewide Vermont At Large: Peter Welch (D)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
continued on next page
page 17
No. 2031
May 7, 2007
Table 1
B 2031
Looming Price Tag of the House Budget Resolution (continued)
Average Tax Increase Per Taxpayer2
Potential Effects in 2012 Additional Per Capita Loss in Personal Loss Income3 in Jobs
Loss to Local Economy (in millions)
Congressional District and Representative
Total Population1
Total Non-Farm Employment
West Virginia 1: Alan B. Mollohan (D) 2: S. Moore Capito (R) 3: Nick Rahall (D) Statewide
580,068 613,729 577,953 1,771,750
253,386 268,477 217,360 739,223
$2,400 $2,776 $2,110 $2,429
$335 $354 $334 $341
1,816 1,924 1,558 5,297
$148 $169 $132 $449
Wisconsin 1: Paul Ryan (R) 2: Tammy Baldwin (D) 3: Ron Kind (D) 4: Gwen Moore (D) 5: F. Sensenbrenner (R) 6: Thomas Petri (R) 7: David R. Obey (D) 8: Steve Kagen (D) Statewide
688,714 688,666 673,250 629,773 687,865 658,110 668,862 680,511 5,375,751
351,274 383,039 358,109 262,844 365,826 339,943 339,587 350,884 2,751,506
$3,256 $3,171 $2,782 $2,062 $3,926 $2,924 $2,677 $2,917 $2,965
$497 $497 $486 $454 $496 $475 $482 $491 $485
2,573 2,805 2,623 1,925 2,679 2,490 2,487 2,570 20,151
$242 $264 $212 $157 $319 $212 $202 $222 $1,830
Wyoming At Large: B. Cubin (R)
495,226
260,873
$3,189
$427
1,871
$231
661,754
310,974
$3,026
$502
2,284
$240
National Averages*
* These figures are the overall national averages of the congressional district calculations in the table.
page 18
No. 2031
May 7, 2007 Table 2
B 2031
Gross State Product, 2005 State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri
Gross State Product (in millions) $151,610 $39,314 $216,528 $86,752 $1,622,116 $216,537 $193,745 $56,483 $673,274 $363,839 $54,019 $47,189 $560,032 $238,568 $113,552 $105,574 $140,501 $168,204 $44,971 $246,234 $325,917 $376,243 $234,552 $81,290 $216,065
State Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Gross State Product (in millions) $29,885 $70,676 $111,342 $55,061 $431,079 $68,870 $957,873 $346,640 $24,397 $440,923 $121,490 $144,278 $489,025 $43,787 $140,019 $30,919 $229,215 $989,443 $90,778 $23,065 $351,903 $267,308 $53,050 $216,322 $27,269
Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Department of Commerce.
page 19
