Unbalanced Force
122ND METALCASTING CONGRESS April 3-5, 2018│Ft. Worth, Texas
Changing Perceptions: The Need for an “Unbalanced Force” Dan Oman, P.E.
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Truth in Advertising
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Outline I.
Introduction
II. Physics Analogy III. Examples of Changed Perceptions IV. Common Themes V. Conclusion
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Introduction Ask someone not involved with metalcasting: What is your perception of the metalcasting industry? • Smokestack Industry • Responsible for more than its share of global pollution • Low Technology • Lacking in challenging career opportunities • Struggles against foreign competition
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Introduction Ask someone who is involved with metalcasting: What is your perception of the metalcasting industry? • Modern industry with ancient roots • An original industrial recycler • High Technology (additive manufacturing) • Provides challenging long-term career opportunities • Finds unique ways to compete in a global market
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Who’s Right?
• The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People – Steven Covey (page 28) “We see the world, not as it is, but as we are – or, as we are conditioned to see it” • We are “conditioned” to see the world as a function of our paradigm • Paradigm = the “…lens through which we view the world” (page 32) www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Paradigms
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Physics Analogy
“…I'm a physicist. I have a working knowledge of the entire universe and everything it contains.” Sheldon Cooper The Big Bang Theory Series 02 Episode 18 – The Work Song Nanocluster
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Newton’s First Law of Motion An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Object at rest
Object in motion
v
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Physics Analogy
Body in Motion
Unbalanced Force acting on a Body in Motion
F www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Physics Analogy • Perception is much like an object in motion • In absence of an “unbalanced force” the object will continue to move at a constant velocity • Perception also will not change without the application of an “unbalanced force” • Question: What does it take to be an “unbalanced force?”
• Three environmental examples
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Gray Iron Foundry Sludge as a Listed HW • 1976 RCRA passed • May 1980 – Proposed Rule: Foundry Sludge as listed HW • AFS concerned about impact of proposed rule • Costs for disposal 5x vs characteristic HW • Based on limited data (5 foundries) • June 1980 meeting with USEPA –joint project • Assess emission control dusts and sludges • Assess mixtures of dusts/sludges w/ other wastes • No agreement on joint project – Agreed to split samples
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Gray Iron Foundry Sludge as a Listed HW • Objectives of AFS research effort: 1. Determine leachable Cd, Cr and Pb from samples of dust/sludge (acid and water leach) 2. Determine total Cd, Cr and Pb from samples of dust/sludge 3. Conduct similar test on samples of mixed foundry process wastes (including dust/sludge) 4. Conduct testing in triplicate to assess precision of test methods
• AFS research effort conducted by University of WI Madison
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Gray Iron Foundry Sludge as a Listed HW • Results: 1. Only 9 out of 21 foundries (
Changing Perceptions: The Need for an “Unbalanced Force” Dan Oman, P.E.
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Truth in Advertising
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Outline I.
Introduction
II. Physics Analogy III. Examples of Changed Perceptions IV. Common Themes V. Conclusion
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Introduction Ask someone not involved with metalcasting: What is your perception of the metalcasting industry? • Smokestack Industry • Responsible for more than its share of global pollution • Low Technology • Lacking in challenging career opportunities • Struggles against foreign competition
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Introduction Ask someone who is involved with metalcasting: What is your perception of the metalcasting industry? • Modern industry with ancient roots • An original industrial recycler • High Technology (additive manufacturing) • Provides challenging long-term career opportunities • Finds unique ways to compete in a global market
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Who’s Right?
• The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People – Steven Covey (page 28) “We see the world, not as it is, but as we are – or, as we are conditioned to see it” • We are “conditioned” to see the world as a function of our paradigm • Paradigm = the “…lens through which we view the world” (page 32) www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Paradigms
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Physics Analogy
“…I'm a physicist. I have a working knowledge of the entire universe and everything it contains.” Sheldon Cooper The Big Bang Theory Series 02 Episode 18 – The Work Song Nanocluster
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Newton’s First Law of Motion An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Object at rest
Object in motion
v
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Physics Analogy
Body in Motion
Unbalanced Force acting on a Body in Motion
F www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Physics Analogy • Perception is much like an object in motion • In absence of an “unbalanced force” the object will continue to move at a constant velocity • Perception also will not change without the application of an “unbalanced force” • Question: What does it take to be an “unbalanced force?”
• Three environmental examples
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Gray Iron Foundry Sludge as a Listed HW • 1976 RCRA passed • May 1980 – Proposed Rule: Foundry Sludge as listed HW • AFS concerned about impact of proposed rule • Costs for disposal 5x vs characteristic HW • Based on limited data (5 foundries) • June 1980 meeting with USEPA –joint project • Assess emission control dusts and sludges • Assess mixtures of dusts/sludges w/ other wastes • No agreement on joint project – Agreed to split samples
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Gray Iron Foundry Sludge as a Listed HW • Objectives of AFS research effort: 1. Determine leachable Cd, Cr and Pb from samples of dust/sludge (acid and water leach) 2. Determine total Cd, Cr and Pb from samples of dust/sludge 3. Conduct similar test on samples of mixed foundry process wastes (including dust/sludge) 4. Conduct testing in triplicate to assess precision of test methods
• AFS research effort conducted by University of WI Madison
www.afsinc.org │ CastingConnection.afsinc.org │ @AmerFoundrySoc
Gray Iron Foundry Sludge as a Listed HW • Results: 1. Only 9 out of 21 foundries (
