Vegetable Garden Study
Vegetable Garden Study Augusta Forestry Center
Bill Berti and Dean Cocking South River Science Team November 9, 2004
Vegetable Garden Study Objective – Determine if soil-Hg is taken-up by vegetables at concentrations sufficient to be a health risk
November 9, 2004
2
Augusta Forestry Center – Crimora, VA South River
November 9, 2004
3
Floodplain Garden
Control Garden (off view to right) November 9, 2004
4
Floodplain Garden - 2004
1D 2B 2I 2E 2C 3D 3F 3H 4B 4E E 19.4 35.1 33.3 44.6 45.6 55.8 56.7 48.1 61.6 67.9 1H 1I 1F 2A 2J 3G 4J 4A 4H 4I 14.7 18.3 13.8 20.3 39.6 56.3 57.5 58.8 78.3 57.9 1B 1E 1A 1C 2D 3E 3A 4D 4G 4C 5.93 4.22 8.38 9.58 37.1 45.6 51.4 62.6 65.1 61.4 1G 1J 2H 3J 4F 3B 3I 3C 2G 2F 20.2 19.7 31.2 48.3 68.9 56.2 55.1 54.6 43.1 32.9
Soil Hg, mg/kg
< 10 10 to 20 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 > 60
A Potato B Turnip & Beets C Pepper & Cauliflower D Cabbage E Onion F Squash G Radish & Carrot H Tomato I Spinach & Lettuce J Bush peas & Bush beans
Sampled Nov 23, 2003 mg Hg/kg soil, dry weight basis November 9, 2004
5
Control Garden - 2004 Plots in 2 x 10 Randomized Complete Block design with some plots containing two crops
IG
IB
IE
I-I
ID
Plot C1
Plot C2
Plot C3
Plot C4
Plot C5
IA
IJ
IH
IC
IF
Plot C6
Plot C7
Plot C8
Plot C9
Plot C10
II-I
IIE
IID
IIC
IIH
Plot C11
Plot C12
Plot C13
Plot C14
Plot C15
IIJ
IIA
IIB
IIF
IIG
Plot C16
Plot C17
Plot C18
Plot C19
Plot C20
November 9, 2004
A Potato B Turnip & Beets C Pepper & Cauliflower D Cabbage E Onion F Squash G Radish & Carrot H Tomato I Spinach & Lettuce J Bush peas & Bush beans 2004 Control garden is adjacent to (up-hill and North of) the 2003 control garden 6
After Hurricane Dianne 29-Sept-04 November 9, 2004
7
Crops were planted much earlier in 2004 than in 2003 Crop list
Root Crops
Planted as:
Date 2003
Date 2004
Beet
Seed
---------
11-May
Radish
Seed
30-Sept
11-May
Carrot
Seed
25-June
11-May
Turnip
Seed
---------
11-May
Potato
Cut seed potatoes
---------
24-April
Onion sets
25-June
24-April
Scallions (onion)
Seed
---------
14-May
Lettuce
Seed
30-Sept
11-May
Spinach
Seed
30-Sept
11-May
Cabbage
Transplanted
25-June
24-April
Cauliflower
Transplanted
---------
11-May
Bush pea
Seed
---------
11-May
Bush bean
Seed
---------
11-May
Bell Pepper
Transplanted
25-June
11-May
Tomato
Transplanted
25 -June
11-May
Squash
Transplanted
25-June
11-May
Seed
25-June
---------
Red Onion
Sweet corn
November 9, 2004
8
Harvest Results
November 9, 2004
9
Sample Preparation
Harvested and stored cold Washed, sliced, and diced Shipped to analytical lab for Hg analysis
Samples digested and Hg measured
November 9, 2004
10
Crop samples all less than MDL 2003
Cabbage Pepper Small squash
2004
November 9, 2004
Bean Beet Pea Pepper Radish Red onion Potato
11
Crop Harvest 2003 Sweet Corn 1.00
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
0.10 Estimated values MDL
0.01
0.00
* C1
* = less than the MDL
F1
*
*
F2
F3
November 9, 2004
* F3
* F4
12
Crop Harvest 2004
2003 Tomato
Tomato 1
1.0000
PQL Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
0.1000 Estimated values MDL
0.0100
0.0010
*
*
C1
F1
F1
*
*
*
F2
F3
F4
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
* *
0.001 C1
C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
* = less than the MDL November 9, 2004
13
Crop Harvest 2004
2003 Lettuce
Lettuce 1
1
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL PQL
0.1 Estimated values MDL
0.01
0.001
*
C1
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
0.001 F1
F2
F3
F3
F4
*
*
C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
* = less than the MDL November 9, 2004
14
Crop Harvest 2003
2004
Spinach
Spinach 1
1.000
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL PQL Estimated values
0.100
MDL
0.010
0.001
*
C1
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
0.001 F1
F1
F2
F3
F4
*
*
C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
* = less than the MDL November 9, 2004
15
2004
Crop Harvest
Peeled Carrot 1
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
2003 Unpeeled Carrot
0.1
Estimated values
0.01
0.001
0.1000
Estimated values
MDL
PQL
*
*
*
C1
C2
F1
* F2
F3
F4
F4
MDL
0.0100
Unpeeled Carrot 1 PQL
0.0010 C1
F1
F2
F3
F3
* = less than the MDL
F4
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
1.0000
PQL
0.1
Estimated values
MDL 0.01
0.001
November 9, 2004
*
*
*
*
C1
C2
F1
F2
* F3
* F4
F4
16
2003
Crop Harvest
Onion
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
1.0000 PQL Estimated values
0.1000
2004 MDL
0.0100
Scallion 1
* C1
* F1
F1
F2
*
*
F3
F4
PQL F5
Radish
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
1.0000
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
0.0010
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
PQL
0.1000
0.001 Estimated values
* * * C1
C1
C2
* F1
* F2
F3
F4
F4
MDL
0.0100
0.0010
*
C1
* = less than the MDL F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
November 9, 2004
17
Crop Harvest 2004
Cabbage 1
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
Beet Greens 1
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
0.001 C1
0.1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
Estimated values MDL
Cauliflower
0.01 1 PQL 0.001 C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
0.1 MDL
Estimated values
0.01
0.001 C1
November 9, 2004
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
18
Turnip
Crop Harvest 2004
1
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
Squash
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
1
0.001 C1
C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
0.1 Estimated values
MDL
Turnip Greens
0.01 1 PQL 0.001 C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
0.001 C1
November 9, 2004
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
19
Path Forward
Harvest and analyze fall crops planted 28-Aug-04:
Collect floodplain and control garden soils for total Hg SETAC presentation Evaluate the potential health risk of consuming vegetables grown in the floodplain based on data from study Evaluate 2004 results and plan for 2005
Radish, carrots, lettuce, spinach, turnips and beets Determine need for lower PQL
One year of data for potato, beets, scallion, turnip, bush beans, bush peas
Begin work on publications November 9, 2004
20
Acknowledgements
Barry Wolstenholme Dick Jensen Annette Guiseppi-Elie Mike Liberati John Greene Brenda Kennel Sharon Nordstrom
Allison Kelley Susie Temple Lydia Cubbage Mike Shifflett Don Kain Folks at the Augusta Forestry Center Larry Estes Thomas Frazier Carolynn Gene Salter Bubba Matthews
November 9, 2004
21
Questions???
November 9, 2004
22
Bill Berti and Dean Cocking South River Science Team November 9, 2004
Vegetable Garden Study Objective – Determine if soil-Hg is taken-up by vegetables at concentrations sufficient to be a health risk
November 9, 2004
2
Augusta Forestry Center – Crimora, VA South River
November 9, 2004
3
Floodplain Garden
Control Garden (off view to right) November 9, 2004
4
Floodplain Garden - 2004
1D 2B 2I 2E 2C 3D 3F 3H 4B 4E E 19.4 35.1 33.3 44.6 45.6 55.8 56.7 48.1 61.6 67.9 1H 1I 1F 2A 2J 3G 4J 4A 4H 4I 14.7 18.3 13.8 20.3 39.6 56.3 57.5 58.8 78.3 57.9 1B 1E 1A 1C 2D 3E 3A 4D 4G 4C 5.93 4.22 8.38 9.58 37.1 45.6 51.4 62.6 65.1 61.4 1G 1J 2H 3J 4F 3B 3I 3C 2G 2F 20.2 19.7 31.2 48.3 68.9 56.2 55.1 54.6 43.1 32.9
Soil Hg, mg/kg
< 10 10 to 20 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 > 60
A Potato B Turnip & Beets C Pepper & Cauliflower D Cabbage E Onion F Squash G Radish & Carrot H Tomato I Spinach & Lettuce J Bush peas & Bush beans
Sampled Nov 23, 2003 mg Hg/kg soil, dry weight basis November 9, 2004
5
Control Garden - 2004 Plots in 2 x 10 Randomized Complete Block design with some plots containing two crops
IG
IB
IE
I-I
ID
Plot C1
Plot C2
Plot C3
Plot C4
Plot C5
IA
IJ
IH
IC
IF
Plot C6
Plot C7
Plot C8
Plot C9
Plot C10
II-I
IIE
IID
IIC
IIH
Plot C11
Plot C12
Plot C13
Plot C14
Plot C15
IIJ
IIA
IIB
IIF
IIG
Plot C16
Plot C17
Plot C18
Plot C19
Plot C20
November 9, 2004
A Potato B Turnip & Beets C Pepper & Cauliflower D Cabbage E Onion F Squash G Radish & Carrot H Tomato I Spinach & Lettuce J Bush peas & Bush beans 2004 Control garden is adjacent to (up-hill and North of) the 2003 control garden 6
After Hurricane Dianne 29-Sept-04 November 9, 2004
7
Crops were planted much earlier in 2004 than in 2003 Crop list
Root Crops
Planted as:
Date 2003
Date 2004
Beet
Seed
---------
11-May
Radish
Seed
30-Sept
11-May
Carrot
Seed
25-June
11-May
Turnip
Seed
---------
11-May
Potato
Cut seed potatoes
---------
24-April
Onion sets
25-June
24-April
Scallions (onion)
Seed
---------
14-May
Lettuce
Seed
30-Sept
11-May
Spinach
Seed
30-Sept
11-May
Cabbage
Transplanted
25-June
24-April
Cauliflower
Transplanted
---------
11-May
Bush pea
Seed
---------
11-May
Bush bean
Seed
---------
11-May
Bell Pepper
Transplanted
25-June
11-May
Tomato
Transplanted
25 -June
11-May
Squash
Transplanted
25-June
11-May
Seed
25-June
---------
Red Onion
Sweet corn
November 9, 2004
8
Harvest Results
November 9, 2004
9
Sample Preparation
Harvested and stored cold Washed, sliced, and diced Shipped to analytical lab for Hg analysis
Samples digested and Hg measured
November 9, 2004
10
Crop samples all less than MDL 2003
Cabbage Pepper Small squash
2004
November 9, 2004
Bean Beet Pea Pepper Radish Red onion Potato
11
Crop Harvest 2003 Sweet Corn 1.00
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
0.10 Estimated values MDL
0.01
0.00
* C1
* = less than the MDL
F1
*
*
F2
F3
November 9, 2004
* F3
* F4
12
Crop Harvest 2004
2003 Tomato
Tomato 1
1.0000
PQL Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
0.1000 Estimated values MDL
0.0100
0.0010
*
*
C1
F1
F1
*
*
*
F2
F3
F4
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
* *
0.001 C1
C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
* = less than the MDL November 9, 2004
13
Crop Harvest 2004
2003 Lettuce
Lettuce 1
1
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL PQL
0.1 Estimated values MDL
0.01
0.001
*
C1
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
0.001 F1
F2
F3
F3
F4
*
*
C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
* = less than the MDL November 9, 2004
14
Crop Harvest 2003
2004
Spinach
Spinach 1
1.000
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL PQL Estimated values
0.100
MDL
0.010
0.001
*
C1
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
0.001 F1
F1
F2
F3
F4
*
*
C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
* = less than the MDL November 9, 2004
15
2004
Crop Harvest
Peeled Carrot 1
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
2003 Unpeeled Carrot
0.1
Estimated values
0.01
0.001
0.1000
Estimated values
MDL
PQL
*
*
*
C1
C2
F1
* F2
F3
F4
F4
MDL
0.0100
Unpeeled Carrot 1 PQL
0.0010 C1
F1
F2
F3
F3
* = less than the MDL
F4
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
1.0000
PQL
0.1
Estimated values
MDL 0.01
0.001
November 9, 2004
*
*
*
*
C1
C2
F1
F2
* F3
* F4
F4
16
2003
Crop Harvest
Onion
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
1.0000 PQL Estimated values
0.1000
2004 MDL
0.0100
Scallion 1
* C1
* F1
F1
F2
*
*
F3
F4
PQL F5
Radish
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
1.0000
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
0.0010
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
PQL
0.1000
0.001 Estimated values
* * * C1
C1
C2
* F1
* F2
F3
F4
F4
MDL
0.0100
0.0010
*
C1
* = less than the MDL F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
November 9, 2004
17
Crop Harvest 2004
Cabbage 1
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
Beet Greens 1
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
0.001 C1
0.1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
Estimated values MDL
Cauliflower
0.01 1 PQL 0.001 C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
0.1 MDL
Estimated values
0.01
0.001 C1
November 9, 2004
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
18
Turnip
Crop Harvest 2004
1
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
Squash
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
1
0.001 C1
C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
0.1 Estimated values
MDL
Turnip Greens
0.01 1 PQL 0.001 C1
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
Hg, mg/kg wet weight
PQL
0.1 Estimated values MDL 0.01
0.001 C1
November 9, 2004
C2
F1
F2
F3
F4
F4
19
Path Forward
Harvest and analyze fall crops planted 28-Aug-04:
Collect floodplain and control garden soils for total Hg SETAC presentation Evaluate the potential health risk of consuming vegetables grown in the floodplain based on data from study Evaluate 2004 results and plan for 2005
Radish, carrots, lettuce, spinach, turnips and beets Determine need for lower PQL
One year of data for potato, beets, scallion, turnip, bush beans, bush peas
Begin work on publications November 9, 2004
20
Acknowledgements
Barry Wolstenholme Dick Jensen Annette Guiseppi-Elie Mike Liberati John Greene Brenda Kennel Sharon Nordstrom
Allison Kelley Susie Temple Lydia Cubbage Mike Shifflett Don Kain Folks at the Augusta Forestry Center Larry Estes Thomas Frazier Carolynn Gene Salter Bubba Matthews
November 9, 2004
21
Questions???
November 9, 2004
22
