Vegetable Garden Study
Vegetable Garden Study Augusta Forestry Center
Bill Berti and Dean Cocking South River Science Team October 21, 2003
Vegetable Garden Study Objective – Determine if soil-Hg is taken-up by vegetables at concentrations sufficient to be a health risk
October 21, 2003
2
Augusta Forestry Center – Crimora, VA
South River
October 21, 2003
3
Locations of Areas Sampled April 14-15 & May 26-27, 2003
Avg. Hg = 0.027 Range = 0.020 to 0.032 n=8
Area 2
Rt. 395
Area 1
C
South River
Avg. Hg = 0.48 Range = 0.19 to 0.95 n = 20
Values in mg Hg/kg soil, dry weight basis
Virginia Division of Forestry Augusta Forestry Center Cimora, VA October 21, 2003
4
Floodplain Garden
Maximum extent of Isabel flooding September 19, 2003
Control Garden (off view to right) October 21, 2003
5
The Floodplain Area 1 soils contained Hg up to 53.5 mg Hg/kg where the floodplain garden was located. 38.1741
19.7
Floodplain Garden Location
Total Soil Hg, ug/g 12.5
38.1740
53.5
Meridians of Latitude
10.7 38.1739
River flow 22.3
10.2
38.1738
38.1737
18.4
11.4
6.48
3.00
13.1 2.67
5.57 38.1736 11.0
1.56
38.1735
Area 1
1.68
Sampled 26-May-03 Sampled 15-Apr-03
38.1734 2.18 38.1733 -78.8594
-78.8592
-78.8590
-78.8588
-78.8586
-78.8584
-78.8582
-78.8580
-78.8578
Parallels of Longitude
Not to scale October 21, 2003
6
Floodplain Garden
Row 1
Column A
Column B
Column C
Column D
Column E
Column F
Column G
Column H
Column I
Column J
50
Plot F1 Radish, not planted
Plot F2 Tomato, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F3 Tomato, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F4 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F5 Onion, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F6 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F7 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F8 Tomato, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F9 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F10 Onion, transplanted 25-Jun-03
10
3
Row 2
Plot F11 Crop 10, not planted
Plot F12 Cabbage/ Peppers, transplanted 25-June-03
Plot F13 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F14 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F15 Cabbage/ Plot F16 Sweet Peppers, corn, seeded transplanted 25-June-03 25-June-03
Plot F17 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F18 Squash, transplanted 25-June-03
Plot F19 Plot F20 Sweet Cabbage/ Peppers, corn, seeded 10 transplanted 25-June-03 25-June-03
Plot F28 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F29 Cabbage/ Plot F30 Peppers, Carrot, seeded 10 transplanted 25-June-03 25-June-03
3 Plot F22 Plot F21 Crop Row 3 Carrot, seeded 10, not planted 25-June-03
Plot F23 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F24 Squash, transplanted 25-June-03
Plot F25 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F26 Tomato, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F27 Squash, transplanted 25-June-03
3
Row 4
50
Plot F31 Potato, not planted 5
Plot F34 Plot F36 Plot F32 Plot F33 Sweet Plot F35 Onion, Onion, Carrot, seeded corn, seeded Carrot, seeded transplanted transplanted 25-June-03 25-June-03 25-June-03 25-Jun-03 25-Jun-03 5
5
5
5
5
October 21, 2003
Plot F37 Squash, transplanted 25-June-03
Plot F38 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F39 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
5
5
5
Plot F40 Sweet corn, seeded 10 25-June-03 5
7
ft
Control Garden Row 1
Column A
Column B
Column C
Column D
Column E
Column F
Column G
Column H
Plot C1 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03d
Plot C2 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot C3 Onion, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C4 Cabbage/ Pepper, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C5 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot C6 Crop 10, not planted
Plot C7 Tomato, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C8 Sweet corn, seeded 26-June-03
Column I
Column J
50
Plot C9 Plot C10 Squash, Carrot, seeded 10 transplanted 26-June-03 26-June-03 3
Row 2
10
3
Row 3
10
3
Row 4
50
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
October 21, 2003
5
5
5
5
ft
8
Garden Plants Vegetable Supplier Cabbage Riverside Plants Dayton, VA Pepper Riverside Plants Dayton, VA Spinach American Seed, Norton, Mass
Squash Tomato
Riverside Plants Dayton, VA Riverside Plants Dayton, VA
Name generic
Comments
generic Correnta Hybrid
Yellow Straight Neck Park's Beefy Boy
A superior hybrid Spinach with great flavor and a versatile harvest period. Sow this unique, heat-tolerant variety spring through fall for a continuous harvest of tender, smooth, dark-green leaves. Generic - creamy yellow, 4 - 10", matures in 46 - 52 days VFFFTt Full sun 70 days to maturity -main Season beefsteak type - 12 - 16 oz
2003 Seeding/ Transplanting and 2003 Harvest Dates Dates Transplanted 2528-Aug-03 June-03 Transplanted 2528-Aug-03 June-03 Seeded 25-June-03; 28-Aug-03, reseeded 30-Sept- from one plot in 03 floodplain garden only Transplanted 25June-03 Transplanted 25June-03
Sweet corn
American Seed, Norton, Mass
Carrot
Burpee, Warminster, PA
Onion
Hess Greenhouse Harrisonburg, VA
Walla Walla
Lettuce
American Seed, Norton, Mass American Seed, Norton, Mass
Loose Head
Fine-grained and tender with a very sweet Seeded 25-June-03 flavor. Grows uniformly 7.5 inches long, about 2.5" wide tapering to a blunt end. Ready to harvest in about 75 days. 110 days. Large, flattened, globe shaped Transplanted 25bulbs with light brown skin and mild white June-03 flesh Loose Head 45 days Seeded 30-Sept-03
Cherry Belle
Round, red radish with white flesh; 21 days
Radish
Golder Cross Bantam Hybrid First hybrid sweet corn and still sets a Seeded 25-June-03 standard for modern varieties. Each slender, eight-inch ear has 10 to 14 rows of goldenyellow kernels with fine flavor. The all-purpose ears are great for canning, freezing, and roasting. The salks mature to six feet tall. Danvers Half Long
October 21, 2003
28-Aug-03 11-Sep-03
11-Sep-03
27-Sep-03
27-Sep-03
Seeded 30-Sept-03
9
June 25
August 9
July 19
August 16
July 26
August 23
Garden development at Floodplain site, 2003 October 21, 2003
10
Harvest Results
Carrots Harvested Sept 27, 2003
October 21, 2003
11
Sweet Bell Green Peppers Harvested August 28, 2003
Generic transplants from Riverside Plants in Dayton, VA Grew well at both gardens.
More than enough fruit for analysis
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
12
Yellow straight neck squash Harvested August 28, 2003
Generic transplants from Riverside Plants in Dayton, VA Grew well at both gardens but control was at maturity before the floodplain
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
13
Head Cabbage Harvested August 28, 2003
Generic transplants from Riverside Plants in Dayton, VA Grew well at both gardens once transplants took hold.
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
14
Walla Walla Onions Harvested Sept 27, 2003
Transplants from Hess Greenhouse, Harrisonburg, VA Grew well at both gardens .
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
15
Park’s Beefy Boy Tomato Harvested Sept 11, 2003
Transplants from Riverside Plants in Dayton, VA Grew extremely well at both gardens .
Control garden
Floodplain garden October 21, 2003
16
Park’s Beefy Boy Tomato •
Harvested Sept 11, 2003 A 70-day beefsteak type tomato few seeds, has a large amount of solid tissue
October 21, 2003
17
Golden Cross Bantam Hybrid sweet corn Harvested Sept 11, 2003
The corn at the control garden grew much more rapidly initially
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
18
And then on September 19 it flooded
Onions
Fortunately the two remaining crops to harvest were somewhat protected below the surface October 21, 2003
Carrots
19
Floodplain garden - October 16, 2003 - Fall Crop
Lettuce
Spinach
October 21, 2003
Radish
20
Sample Preparation
Harvested and stored cold Washed, sliced, and diced
Carrots were not peeled
Shipped to Lancaster Lab for Hg analysis
“As is” samples digested and Hg measured MDL: < 0.0028 µg Hg/g October 21, 2003
21
Control Garden Row 1
Column A
Column B
Column C
Column D
Column E
Plot C1 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03d
Plot C2 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot C3 Onion, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C4 Cabbage/ Pepper, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C5 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Column F
Column G
Plot C7 Plot C6 Crop Tomato, 10, not planted transplanted 26-June-03
Column H Plot C8 Sweet corn, seeded 26-June-03
Column I
Column J
50
Plot C9 Plot C10 Squash, Carrot, seeded 10 transplanted 26-June-03 26-June-03 3
Row 2
10
Duplicate analyses: 0.0041 µg Hg/g estimated value and None Detected:
Bill Berti and Dean Cocking South River Science Team October 21, 2003
Vegetable Garden Study Objective – Determine if soil-Hg is taken-up by vegetables at concentrations sufficient to be a health risk
October 21, 2003
2
Augusta Forestry Center – Crimora, VA
South River
October 21, 2003
3
Locations of Areas Sampled April 14-15 & May 26-27, 2003
Avg. Hg = 0.027 Range = 0.020 to 0.032 n=8
Area 2
Rt. 395
Area 1
C
South River
Avg. Hg = 0.48 Range = 0.19 to 0.95 n = 20
Values in mg Hg/kg soil, dry weight basis
Virginia Division of Forestry Augusta Forestry Center Cimora, VA October 21, 2003
4
Floodplain Garden
Maximum extent of Isabel flooding September 19, 2003
Control Garden (off view to right) October 21, 2003
5
The Floodplain Area 1 soils contained Hg up to 53.5 mg Hg/kg where the floodplain garden was located. 38.1741
19.7
Floodplain Garden Location
Total Soil Hg, ug/g 12.5
38.1740
53.5
Meridians of Latitude
10.7 38.1739
River flow 22.3
10.2
38.1738
38.1737
18.4
11.4
6.48
3.00
13.1 2.67
5.57 38.1736 11.0
1.56
38.1735
Area 1
1.68
Sampled 26-May-03 Sampled 15-Apr-03
38.1734 2.18 38.1733 -78.8594
-78.8592
-78.8590
-78.8588
-78.8586
-78.8584
-78.8582
-78.8580
-78.8578
Parallels of Longitude
Not to scale October 21, 2003
6
Floodplain Garden
Row 1
Column A
Column B
Column C
Column D
Column E
Column F
Column G
Column H
Column I
Column J
50
Plot F1 Radish, not planted
Plot F2 Tomato, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F3 Tomato, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F4 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F5 Onion, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F6 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F7 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F8 Tomato, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F9 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F10 Onion, transplanted 25-Jun-03
10
3
Row 2
Plot F11 Crop 10, not planted
Plot F12 Cabbage/ Peppers, transplanted 25-June-03
Plot F13 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F14 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F15 Cabbage/ Plot F16 Sweet Peppers, corn, seeded transplanted 25-June-03 25-June-03
Plot F17 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F18 Squash, transplanted 25-June-03
Plot F19 Plot F20 Sweet Cabbage/ Peppers, corn, seeded 10 transplanted 25-June-03 25-June-03
Plot F28 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F29 Cabbage/ Plot F30 Peppers, Carrot, seeded 10 transplanted 25-June-03 25-June-03
3 Plot F22 Plot F21 Crop Row 3 Carrot, seeded 10, not planted 25-June-03
Plot F23 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F24 Squash, transplanted 25-June-03
Plot F25 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F26 Tomato, transplanted 25-Jun-03
Plot F27 Squash, transplanted 25-June-03
3
Row 4
50
Plot F31 Potato, not planted 5
Plot F34 Plot F36 Plot F32 Plot F33 Sweet Plot F35 Onion, Onion, Carrot, seeded corn, seeded Carrot, seeded transplanted transplanted 25-June-03 25-June-03 25-June-03 25-Jun-03 25-Jun-03 5
5
5
5
5
October 21, 2003
Plot F37 Squash, transplanted 25-June-03
Plot F38 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot F39 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
5
5
5
Plot F40 Sweet corn, seeded 10 25-June-03 5
7
ft
Control Garden Row 1
Column A
Column B
Column C
Column D
Column E
Column F
Column G
Column H
Plot C1 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03d
Plot C2 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot C3 Onion, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C4 Cabbage/ Pepper, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C5 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot C6 Crop 10, not planted
Plot C7 Tomato, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C8 Sweet corn, seeded 26-June-03
Column I
Column J
50
Plot C9 Plot C10 Squash, Carrot, seeded 10 transplanted 26-June-03 26-June-03 3
Row 2
10
3
Row 3
10
3
Row 4
50
10
5
5
5
5
5
5
October 21, 2003
5
5
5
5
ft
8
Garden Plants Vegetable Supplier Cabbage Riverside Plants Dayton, VA Pepper Riverside Plants Dayton, VA Spinach American Seed, Norton, Mass
Squash Tomato
Riverside Plants Dayton, VA Riverside Plants Dayton, VA
Name generic
Comments
generic Correnta Hybrid
Yellow Straight Neck Park's Beefy Boy
A superior hybrid Spinach with great flavor and a versatile harvest period. Sow this unique, heat-tolerant variety spring through fall for a continuous harvest of tender, smooth, dark-green leaves. Generic - creamy yellow, 4 - 10", matures in 46 - 52 days VFFFTt Full sun 70 days to maturity -main Season beefsteak type - 12 - 16 oz
2003 Seeding/ Transplanting and 2003 Harvest Dates Dates Transplanted 2528-Aug-03 June-03 Transplanted 2528-Aug-03 June-03 Seeded 25-June-03; 28-Aug-03, reseeded 30-Sept- from one plot in 03 floodplain garden only Transplanted 25June-03 Transplanted 25June-03
Sweet corn
American Seed, Norton, Mass
Carrot
Burpee, Warminster, PA
Onion
Hess Greenhouse Harrisonburg, VA
Walla Walla
Lettuce
American Seed, Norton, Mass American Seed, Norton, Mass
Loose Head
Fine-grained and tender with a very sweet Seeded 25-June-03 flavor. Grows uniformly 7.5 inches long, about 2.5" wide tapering to a blunt end. Ready to harvest in about 75 days. 110 days. Large, flattened, globe shaped Transplanted 25bulbs with light brown skin and mild white June-03 flesh Loose Head 45 days Seeded 30-Sept-03
Cherry Belle
Round, red radish with white flesh; 21 days
Radish
Golder Cross Bantam Hybrid First hybrid sweet corn and still sets a Seeded 25-June-03 standard for modern varieties. Each slender, eight-inch ear has 10 to 14 rows of goldenyellow kernels with fine flavor. The all-purpose ears are great for canning, freezing, and roasting. The salks mature to six feet tall. Danvers Half Long
October 21, 2003
28-Aug-03 11-Sep-03
11-Sep-03
27-Sep-03
27-Sep-03
Seeded 30-Sept-03
9
June 25
August 9
July 19
August 16
July 26
August 23
Garden development at Floodplain site, 2003 October 21, 2003
10
Harvest Results
Carrots Harvested Sept 27, 2003
October 21, 2003
11
Sweet Bell Green Peppers Harvested August 28, 2003
Generic transplants from Riverside Plants in Dayton, VA Grew well at both gardens.
More than enough fruit for analysis
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
12
Yellow straight neck squash Harvested August 28, 2003
Generic transplants from Riverside Plants in Dayton, VA Grew well at both gardens but control was at maturity before the floodplain
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
13
Head Cabbage Harvested August 28, 2003
Generic transplants from Riverside Plants in Dayton, VA Grew well at both gardens once transplants took hold.
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
14
Walla Walla Onions Harvested Sept 27, 2003
Transplants from Hess Greenhouse, Harrisonburg, VA Grew well at both gardens .
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
15
Park’s Beefy Boy Tomato Harvested Sept 11, 2003
Transplants from Riverside Plants in Dayton, VA Grew extremely well at both gardens .
Control garden
Floodplain garden October 21, 2003
16
Park’s Beefy Boy Tomato •
Harvested Sept 11, 2003 A 70-day beefsteak type tomato few seeds, has a large amount of solid tissue
October 21, 2003
17
Golden Cross Bantam Hybrid sweet corn Harvested Sept 11, 2003
The corn at the control garden grew much more rapidly initially
Floodplain garden
Control garden
October 21, 2003
18
And then on September 19 it flooded
Onions
Fortunately the two remaining crops to harvest were somewhat protected below the surface October 21, 2003
Carrots
19
Floodplain garden - October 16, 2003 - Fall Crop
Lettuce
Spinach
October 21, 2003
Radish
20
Sample Preparation
Harvested and stored cold Washed, sliced, and diced
Carrots were not peeled
Shipped to Lancaster Lab for Hg analysis
“As is” samples digested and Hg measured MDL: < 0.0028 µg Hg/g October 21, 2003
21
Control Garden Row 1
Column A
Column B
Column C
Column D
Column E
Plot C1 Radish, seeded 30Sept-03d
Plot C2 Lettuce, seeded 30Sept-03
Plot C3 Onion, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C4 Cabbage/ Pepper, transplanted 26-June-03
Plot C5 Spinach, seeded 30Sept-03
Column F
Column G
Plot C7 Plot C6 Crop Tomato, 10, not planted transplanted 26-June-03
Column H Plot C8 Sweet corn, seeded 26-June-03
Column I
Column J
50
Plot C9 Plot C10 Squash, Carrot, seeded 10 transplanted 26-June-03 26-June-03 3
Row 2
10
Duplicate analyses: 0.0041 µg Hg/g estimated value and None Detected:
