Bedrock Geology of Winfield Quadrangle - Illinois State Geological ...
BEDROCK GEOLOGY OF WINFIELD QUADRANGLE CALHOUN COUNTY, ILLINOIS
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY E. Donald McKay III, Interim Director
STATEMAP Winfield-BG
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Base map compiled by Illinois State Geological Survey from digital data (Digital Line Graphs) provided by the United States Geological Survey. Compiled by photogrammetric methods from imagery dated 1952. Field checked 1954. Revised from imagery dated 1993. PLSS and survey control current as of 1954. Map edited 1996. DLGs created 1998.
0
1/ 2
1000
0 1
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) Projection: Transverse Mercator 10,000-foot ticks: Illinois State Plane Coordinate system, west zone (Transverse Mercator) 1,000-meter ticks: Universal Transverse Mercator grid system, zone 15
Geology based on field work by Mary J. Seid and Joseph A. Devera, 2007–2008.
SCALE 1:24,000 1
1000
3000
2000
1 MILE 4000
5000
0
.5
6000
7000 FEET
Digital cartography by Jane E.J. Domier, Steven M. Radil, and Brendon M. Aitken, Illinois State Geological Survey.
1 KILOMETER
This research was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP) under USGS award number 07HQAG0109. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
BASE MAP CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929
The Illinois State Geological Survey and the State of Illinois make no guarantee, expressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the basis of the information presented here. The geologic interpretations are based on data that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of data available at each location, and the scientific and technical qualifications of the data sources. Maps or cross sections in this document are not meant to be enlarged.
Released by the authority of the State of Illinois: 2008
2
4 For more information contact: Illinois State Geological Survey 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964 (217) 244-2414 http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu
STATEMAP Winfield-BG Sheet 1 of 2
6
3
5
7
8
ADJOINING QUADRANGLES 1 Luckett Ridge 2 Foley 3 Nutwood 4 Maryknoll 5 Brussels 6 Wentzville 7 O’Fallon 8 Kampville
TRUE NORT H
1
MAGNETIC NORTH
1/ ° 2
APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION, 2008
ROAD CLASSIFICATION Primary highway, hard surface
Light-duty road, hard or improved surface
Secondary highway, hard surface
Unimproved road
State Route
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Line of cross section
Note: Well and boring records are on file at the ISGS Geological Records Unit and are available online from the ISGS Web site.
430
26
Water-well boring
27
0
19
450
21
24
Outcrop of special note, shown where contact or map unit was well exposed at time of mapping
Drill Holes
55 0
50 0
Vertical bedding
T. 48 N.
THICKNESS GRAPHIC COLUMN (feet)
WISCONSINAN
Alluvial deposits
Peoria and Roxana Silt
UNIT
STAGE
SERIES HOLOCENE
PLEISTOCENE
SYSTEM QUATERNARY
FORMATION
MEMBER or BED
A Alluvial deposits Alluvium. Clay and silt, including detrital deposits made by streams on river beds and floodplains. All sediment is confined to tributaries, creeks and major river systems.
A
B Peoria and Roxana Silt Silt. Yellow-brown, reddish, with variable amounts of clay. Windblown material thickly mantles the bedrock close to the major river system and gradually thins away toward the east in the study area.
0–170
20–70
B
Grover Gravel
0–20
C
Shelburn
0–28
D
65–90
E
Loess
?
DESMOINESIAN
PENNSYLVANIAN
TERTIARY PLIOCENE
Carbondale
Mecca Quarry Shale Colchester Coal
Upper Tradewater
sub-Absaroka unconformity
St. Louis Limestone
0–40
F
0–250
G
55–60
I
upper lower
65
Meppen Limestone
0–7
J
Hannibal Shale
20–60
L
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
Cedar Valley Limestone
0–10
M
NIAGARAN
Joliet
0–16
Kankakee
0–40
Bowling Green
10–50
10–106
K
ALEXANDRIAN
Burlington Limestone
140–200
205–272
VALMEYERAN
H
10–65
CHAMPLAINIAN
ORDOVICIAN
Warsaw Shale
70
Chouteau Limestone
CINCINNATIAN
SILURIAN
DEVONIAN
Salem Limestone
Keokuk Limestone
KINDERHOOKIAN
MISSISSIPPIAN
Breccia bed
N
Maquoketa
100–200
O
Kimmswick Limestone
70
P
Decorah
10
Q
Depauperate zone
Plattin Limestone
140–150
R
Joachim
80
S
St. Peter Sandstone
T
150
Everton
U
8
R Plattin Limestone Limestone. Gray, thin and irregularly bedded, separated by brown shale partings. It is a dense, lime-mudstone that yields splintery or conchoidal fracture. Some fossil wackestone to brachiopod packstone facies occur in this unit as do dolostone beds. In the lower and middle portions of the unit, one common characteristic is the presence of fodinichnial burrows, i.e. sediment ingesting feeding burrows commonly filled with fine, rounded sand grains. Other fossiliferous zones include corals, straight cephalopods, and brachiopods. Small multicolored chert nodules can occur in the upper 40 feet of this unit. There is an unconformity between this unit and the dolostone below.
I Warsaw Shale Dolomite and shale. Composed of silty shale in the lower part and dolostone beds in the upper part. The shale is light gray to greenish gray and interbedded with soft clay layers. The shale can be slightly calcareous and silty. Fossils are rare in the shale but occasional gastropods and conularids occur in the upper part. The upper beds are yellowish gray dolostone that contain small- to medium-sized geodes filled with quartz and calcite. Some of the dolomitic beds are argillaceous. The lower contact is sharp and conformable with the underlying unit.
S Joachim Formation Dolostone. Brown to tan on fresh surface and weathers brown to red. Bedding is 2 inches to 1 foot thick and tabular; however, some are thick bedded and have a moldic porosity that is visible to the naked eye. Some upper beds are sandy and argillaceous. Dolostone is finely crystalline and can have a strong petroliferous odor. The basal 20 feet contains thin-bedded light bluish gray dolostone. Pyrite is common as finely disseminated microcrystals in the lower part of the formation. The basal contact is sharp but conformable.
J Keokuk, Burlington, and Meppen Limestones Limestone and chert. White to light-gray, crinoidal grainstone occurs in thin to thick beds and sometimes as cross-bedded bioclastic facies. In the lower part calcite nodules are common and the limestone can be light gray, tan to brown and somewhat argillaceous. White, fossiliferous, medium-bedded chert occurs in the middle part of the unit. Yellow dolomitic beds also occur within this unit. Brachiopods and bryozoans are also present but are not as abundant as the disarticulated crinoid columns that can make up eighty percent of the beds. The upper portion contains less chert and can be more coarsely crystalline. The basal contact is unconformable with the unit below.
T St. Peter Sandstone Sandstone. White to light-gray, medium-grained, well sorted, well rounded, frosted quartz arenite. It is thin to medium bedded with some massive beds, cross bedded, and ripple marked. The unit weathers as rounded, case-hardened beds; the upper part contains vertical, cylindrical secondary features. Large alcoves occur in the upper 40 feet of the unit in the area north of Dogtown Landing. Calcareous beds occur in the uppermost part. No fossils were found in this formation. The lower contact is unconformable and conglomeratic. U Everton Formation Dolomite. Brown dolostone, thin bedded, nonfossiliferous, and argillaceous in part. This unit is poorly exposed in the quadrangle. The base is concealed.
K Chouteau Limestone Limestone. A thin-bedded, light- to medium-gray lime mudstone to pale greenish gray wackestone on a fresh surface, but weathers pale yellowish gray. It is argillaceous and has an hourglass weathering profile. Crinoid and brachiopod fragments are small and disarticulated. Beds are com-
Odp
Note: See accompanying report for references.
South
North
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1000
Ok
0
0
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-1000
-2000
-2000
-3000
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Beech Landing
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Msl Mbk Om
Odp
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1000
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p_
-2000
Q Decorah Limestone Limestone. Thin, wavy or irregular bedded, chocolatebrown, lime-mudstone that is interbedded with thin, brown calcareous shale. This formation is poorly exposed in the quadrangle. It weathers pale gray but is chocolate brown on freshly broken slabs. The lime-mudstone is dense and displays conchoidal fracture. The base is conformable with the limestone below.
H Salem Limestone Limestone. Composed of alternating grainstone and laminated facies that are light gray to white. Coated grains and oolites are common to the grainstone facies, which can also be cross bedded. The laminated facies are rhythmically bedded and contain lime mudstone. White and gray, round, “egg-like” chert nodules are common. The grainstone facies also weather by spawling off thin layers perpendicular to the face of the outcrop. In areas near faults, this unit appears to be dolomitized, as seen by its yellow appearance. The diagnostic microfossil or index fossil found in this unit is the foraminiferid Globoendothyra baileyi. The basal contact is conformable with the underlying unit.
Elevation (feet)
-1000
P Kimmswick Limestone Limestone. White crinoidal grainstone to packstone in the lower part. The upper part of the formation yields thin bedded, fine grained beds and fossil wackestone facies. Crinoidal bioclasts can be cross bedded. Beds are thin to thick bedded and can have a petroliferous odor. The weathered surface can be extremely pitted, resembling a beehive. Fossils include: the trilobites Isotelus gigas, Calyptaulax sp., Bumastus sp., Calliops sp.; an important index fossil Receptaculites sp. (dasycladasian algae); and the brachiopod Rafinesquina sp. The lower contact is sharp but continuous with the underlying unit.
G St. Louis Limestone Limestone. Dense, gray to gray brown micrite or lime mudstone that yields conchoidal fracture. Beds within this unit vary from thin to thick and massive. There are a few breccia zones within the unit, and they have a hummocky or knobby weathered texture. Most of the accessible outcrops are concentrated along the Mississippi River bank and in larger sinkholes. Fossils include: brachiopods, gastropods, crinoids, echinoids, bryozoans and rugose corals. A colonial coral Acrocyathus sp. occurs in the basal portion of the limestone. This unit is dominated by lime mudstones, but packstone and grainstone facies occur locally; oolitic beds were observed near the top of the unit at the top of a sinkhole located 2200’EL, 2200’SL, Sec. 33, T12S, R2W. The base is unconformable.
Elevation (feet)
0
O Maquoketa Formation Shale. Bluish gray and calcareous in the lower part and siltier in the upper part. The upper facies is tan-brown siltstone and contains fossil algae. The shale weathers to gummy bluish-green clay. A dark shale layer in the upper part contains phosphatic nodules and pyrite with a dwarfed fauna. The contact is sharp and unconformable with the underlying formation.
F Upper Tradewater Formation Sandstone and clay. Poorly exposed and is thickened only where erosion has provided space up to eighty feet into the St. Louis Limestone. It has fine grained micaceous quartz arenites. Clay forms a residuum on top of the underlying limestone and some chert clasts have been associated with the basal part of the unit. The base of this formation has a large unconformity with variable stratigraphic relief.
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N Joliet, Kankakee, and Bowling Green Formations Dolostone. Yellow, with a sugary appearance. This unit is thin to thick bedded, hard and massive. Pale green shale is interbedded in the lower and middle formations and tints the yellow rock with a faint green-gray color. Glauconite and occasional pinkish stains occur in the lower beds. All three formations have moldic porosity. Fossils observed include: brachiopods, crinoid columnals, rugose corals, bryozoans, and trilobites. The trilobite Gravicalymene celebra is common in the middle to upper part of the dolomite beds. Throughout this unit, thin bedded dolostone contains nodules or wavy beds of white to carmel chert. Multiple unconformities occur at the base, within and on top of these dolomitic beds.
E Carbondale Formation Limestones, claystones, and coal. The lower part of this unit is composed of a white underclay (rooted zone) below a coal. The coal ranges from a smut zone to three feet thick dull to bright banded unit. Above the coal is a thin, black, laminated marine shale. Forty feet of a variegated maroon and olive to gray silty shale containing a thin lime wackestone overlies the black shale. Near the top, two limestone benches occur. Both limestones are darkgray, argillaceous fossil wackestones. The fusulinid, Beedeina girtyi (Douglass 1987; called Fusulina girtyi by Rubey 1952), occurs in a light gray packstone at 610 feet elevation, 2300’EL, 1000’WL, Sec. 33, 12S, 2W. The sponge, Chaetetes milleporaceous, may occur in this interval.
A Oj
M Cedar Valley Limestone Limestone and dolostone. Brown to orangebrown fossil wackestone dominated by spiriferid brachiopods. Other diagnostic brachiopods include: atrypids, Mucrospirifer sp., Paraspirifer sp., Orthospirifer iowaensis, Ilita johnsonensis and strophominids. Large rugose corals and articulated and disarticulated crinoid stems are common in places. Laterally, this unit can grade into fossil packstone facies. The packstone is thin bedded, dolomitic, and sandy in places and contains 1 to 2 inch in diameter calcite crystals. Some calcite crystals are oil stained and have a petroliferous odor. The base can be sandy and is unconformable.
D Shelburn Formation Clay and limestone. Composed of a basal limestone overlain by claystone, with a limestone at the top of the section. The basal limestone is a dense, dark gray fossiliferous packstone and locally contains gray nodules of chert. The middle clay is silty, plastic, and calcareous. Above the clay occurs a limestone where fresh is gray, where weathered is brown. It is a dense, hard, fossiliferous wackestone.
Northeast
Odp
L Hannibal Shale Shale. Generally greenish gray to gray, silty and weathers to sticky or gummy clay. It is poorly exposed in this quadrangle but can be massive, non-calcareous, and fissile. The basal contact is unconformable with the limestone below.
C Grover Gravel Gravel. Poorly sorted, contains particles that range from sand and granule to pebble size. Clasts are composed of polished and rounded quartzite, chert, quartz, and rare red and black banded iron. The clasts can be red, white, pink, orange, yellow and black. This deposit is poorly exposed and is mainly found in the alluvium in the southern part of the quadrangle. It occurs directly above the bedrock but is covered by loess.
Southwest
1000
monly thin, undulatory to wavy. Dark-gray chert with white rims occurs as wavy beds at regular intervals throughout the unit. Knobby calcite nodules that are rimmed in quartz are distinct on a weathered surface. The lower contact is conformable but sharp.
Ou _u
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p_
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-3000
North
South
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C Elevation (feet)
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1000
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Msl
Mbk
Msw
MDS
Mbk
0
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MDS Ou
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1000
0
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-2000
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-2000 p_
p_ -3000
STATEMAP Winfield-BG Sheet 2 of 2
-3000 Q
Quaternary
Msw
Salem and Warsaw Formations
Om
Maquoketa Shale
&u
Pennsylvanian undivided
Mbk
Burlington-Keokuk Limestones
Ok
Kimmswick Limestone
Msl
St. Louis Limestone
MDS
Mississippian, Devonian, Silurian
Odp
Decorah and Plattin Limestones
Joachim Dolomite
_u
Cambrian undivided
Osp
St. Peter Sandstone
p_
Precambrian basement
Ou
Ordovician undivided
Oj
Horizontal scale: 1 inch = 2,000 feet Vertical scale: 1 inch = 2,000 feet No vertical exaggeration
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY E. Donald McKay III, Interim Director
STATEMAP Winfield-BG
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Decorah and Plattin Limestones
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Champlainian
45 0 45
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8
Maquoketa Formation
0
0
43
500
17
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550
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7
Alexandrian
60
0 50 45 0
430 430
Msl
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10
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500
55 0
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Upper Middle Devonian
60
45 0
Qal Ò
7
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Kinderhookian
0
600
430
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79
Devonian and Silurian Formations Cedar Valley Limestone Unconformity Joliet Formation Unconformity Kankakee Formation Unconformity Bowling Green Formation Unconformity
Unconformity
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C
Om
55 0
12
Hannibal Shale
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55
0
DS
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0 45
50
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0
3
4
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50 0
50
50 0
55 0
50 0
36
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45 0
5
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Mississippian undivided Chouteau Limestone
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0
43
0 60
16
18 43 0
0
15
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430
Horizontal bedding
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22
0 45
430
43
Inclined joint; number indicates degree of inclination
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45 0
56
Z
21
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0
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40
v
13
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50
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55 0
50 0
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500
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22
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from which subsurface data were obtained Numeric label indicates total depth of boring in feet
450
�
20 �
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109
43
Line Symbols
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dashed where inferred, dotted where concealed
Z 43
43
0
23
550
0
23
�
Contact
&u 50
500
Normal fault; bar and ball on downthrown side
0
0 42
26
45
25
0
A
Ò
420
45 0 50
0
30
27
28
29
42
0
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26
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50 0
35
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36
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79
R. 2 E.
R. 3 E.
Base map compiled by Illinois State Geological Survey from digital data (Digital Line Graphs) provided by the United States Geological Survey. Compiled by photogrammetric methods from imagery dated 1952. Field checked 1954. Revised from imagery dated 1993. PLSS and survey control current as of 1954. Map edited 1996. DLGs created 1998.
0
1/ 2
1000
0 1
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) Projection: Transverse Mercator 10,000-foot ticks: Illinois State Plane Coordinate system, west zone (Transverse Mercator) 1,000-meter ticks: Universal Transverse Mercator grid system, zone 15
Geology based on field work by Mary J. Seid and Joseph A. Devera, 2007–2008.
SCALE 1:24,000 1
1000
3000
2000
1 MILE 4000
5000
0
.5
6000
7000 FEET
Digital cartography by Jane E.J. Domier, Steven M. Radil, and Brendon M. Aitken, Illinois State Geological Survey.
1 KILOMETER
This research was supported in part by the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP) under USGS award number 07HQAG0109. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.
BASE MAP CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929
The Illinois State Geological Survey and the State of Illinois make no guarantee, expressed or implied, regarding the correctness of the interpretations presented in this document and accept no liability for the consequences of decisions made by others on the basis of the information presented here. The geologic interpretations are based on data that may vary with respect to accuracy of geographic location, the type and quantity of data available at each location, and the scientific and technical qualifications of the data sources. Maps or cross sections in this document are not meant to be enlarged.
Released by the authority of the State of Illinois: 2008
2
4 For more information contact: Illinois State Geological Survey 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964 (217) 244-2414 http://www.isgs.uiuc.edu
STATEMAP Winfield-BG Sheet 1 of 2
6
3
5
7
8
ADJOINING QUADRANGLES 1 Luckett Ridge 2 Foley 3 Nutwood 4 Maryknoll 5 Brussels 6 Wentzville 7 O’Fallon 8 Kampville
TRUE NORT H
1
MAGNETIC NORTH
1/ ° 2
APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION, 2008
ROAD CLASSIFICATION Primary highway, hard surface
Light-duty road, hard or improved surface
Secondary highway, hard surface
Unimproved road
State Route
A�
Line of cross section
Note: Well and boring records are on file at the ISGS Geological Records Unit and are available online from the ISGS Web site.
430
26
Water-well boring
27
0
19
450
21
24
Outcrop of special note, shown where contact or map unit was well exposed at time of mapping
Drill Holes
55 0
50 0
Vertical bedding
T. 48 N.
THICKNESS GRAPHIC COLUMN (feet)
WISCONSINAN
Alluvial deposits
Peoria and Roxana Silt
UNIT
STAGE
SERIES HOLOCENE
PLEISTOCENE
SYSTEM QUATERNARY
FORMATION
MEMBER or BED
A Alluvial deposits Alluvium. Clay and silt, including detrital deposits made by streams on river beds and floodplains. All sediment is confined to tributaries, creeks and major river systems.
A
B Peoria and Roxana Silt Silt. Yellow-brown, reddish, with variable amounts of clay. Windblown material thickly mantles the bedrock close to the major river system and gradually thins away toward the east in the study area.
0–170
20–70
B
Grover Gravel
0–20
C
Shelburn
0–28
D
65–90
E
Loess
?
DESMOINESIAN
PENNSYLVANIAN
TERTIARY PLIOCENE
Carbondale
Mecca Quarry Shale Colchester Coal
Upper Tradewater
sub-Absaroka unconformity
St. Louis Limestone
0–40
F
0–250
G
55–60
I
upper lower
65
Meppen Limestone
0–7
J
Hannibal Shale
20–60
L
MIDDLE DEVONIAN
Cedar Valley Limestone
0–10
M
NIAGARAN
Joliet
0–16
Kankakee
0–40
Bowling Green
10–50
10–106
K
ALEXANDRIAN
Burlington Limestone
140–200
205–272
VALMEYERAN
H
10–65
CHAMPLAINIAN
ORDOVICIAN
Warsaw Shale
70
Chouteau Limestone
CINCINNATIAN
SILURIAN
DEVONIAN
Salem Limestone
Keokuk Limestone
KINDERHOOKIAN
MISSISSIPPIAN
Breccia bed
N
Maquoketa
100–200
O
Kimmswick Limestone
70
P
Decorah
10
Q
Depauperate zone
Plattin Limestone
140–150
R
Joachim
80
S
St. Peter Sandstone
T
150
Everton
U
8
R Plattin Limestone Limestone. Gray, thin and irregularly bedded, separated by brown shale partings. It is a dense, lime-mudstone that yields splintery or conchoidal fracture. Some fossil wackestone to brachiopod packstone facies occur in this unit as do dolostone beds. In the lower and middle portions of the unit, one common characteristic is the presence of fodinichnial burrows, i.e. sediment ingesting feeding burrows commonly filled with fine, rounded sand grains. Other fossiliferous zones include corals, straight cephalopods, and brachiopods. Small multicolored chert nodules can occur in the upper 40 feet of this unit. There is an unconformity between this unit and the dolostone below.
I Warsaw Shale Dolomite and shale. Composed of silty shale in the lower part and dolostone beds in the upper part. The shale is light gray to greenish gray and interbedded with soft clay layers. The shale can be slightly calcareous and silty. Fossils are rare in the shale but occasional gastropods and conularids occur in the upper part. The upper beds are yellowish gray dolostone that contain small- to medium-sized geodes filled with quartz and calcite. Some of the dolomitic beds are argillaceous. The lower contact is sharp and conformable with the underlying unit.
S Joachim Formation Dolostone. Brown to tan on fresh surface and weathers brown to red. Bedding is 2 inches to 1 foot thick and tabular; however, some are thick bedded and have a moldic porosity that is visible to the naked eye. Some upper beds are sandy and argillaceous. Dolostone is finely crystalline and can have a strong petroliferous odor. The basal 20 feet contains thin-bedded light bluish gray dolostone. Pyrite is common as finely disseminated microcrystals in the lower part of the formation. The basal contact is sharp but conformable.
J Keokuk, Burlington, and Meppen Limestones Limestone and chert. White to light-gray, crinoidal grainstone occurs in thin to thick beds and sometimes as cross-bedded bioclastic facies. In the lower part calcite nodules are common and the limestone can be light gray, tan to brown and somewhat argillaceous. White, fossiliferous, medium-bedded chert occurs in the middle part of the unit. Yellow dolomitic beds also occur within this unit. Brachiopods and bryozoans are also present but are not as abundant as the disarticulated crinoid columns that can make up eighty percent of the beds. The upper portion contains less chert and can be more coarsely crystalline. The basal contact is unconformable with the unit below.
T St. Peter Sandstone Sandstone. White to light-gray, medium-grained, well sorted, well rounded, frosted quartz arenite. It is thin to medium bedded with some massive beds, cross bedded, and ripple marked. The unit weathers as rounded, case-hardened beds; the upper part contains vertical, cylindrical secondary features. Large alcoves occur in the upper 40 feet of the unit in the area north of Dogtown Landing. Calcareous beds occur in the uppermost part. No fossils were found in this formation. The lower contact is unconformable and conglomeratic. U Everton Formation Dolomite. Brown dolostone, thin bedded, nonfossiliferous, and argillaceous in part. This unit is poorly exposed in the quadrangle. The base is concealed.
K Chouteau Limestone Limestone. A thin-bedded, light- to medium-gray lime mudstone to pale greenish gray wackestone on a fresh surface, but weathers pale yellowish gray. It is argillaceous and has an hourglass weathering profile. Crinoid and brachiopod fragments are small and disarticulated. Beds are com-
Odp
Note: See accompanying report for references.
South
North
B�
B 1000
1000
Ok
0
0
_u
-1000
-1000
-2000
-2000
-3000
Dogtown Hollow
Beech Landing
Msw MDS Ok
Msl Mbk Om
Odp
Oj
Odp
1000
Osp Ou
0
_u
-1000
?
Ou
p_
-2000
Q Decorah Limestone Limestone. Thin, wavy or irregular bedded, chocolatebrown, lime-mudstone that is interbedded with thin, brown calcareous shale. This formation is poorly exposed in the quadrangle. It weathers pale gray but is chocolate brown on freshly broken slabs. The lime-mudstone is dense and displays conchoidal fracture. The base is conformable with the limestone below.
H Salem Limestone Limestone. Composed of alternating grainstone and laminated facies that are light gray to white. Coated grains and oolites are common to the grainstone facies, which can also be cross bedded. The laminated facies are rhythmically bedded and contain lime mudstone. White and gray, round, “egg-like” chert nodules are common. The grainstone facies also weather by spawling off thin layers perpendicular to the face of the outcrop. In areas near faults, this unit appears to be dolomitized, as seen by its yellow appearance. The diagnostic microfossil or index fossil found in this unit is the foraminiferid Globoendothyra baileyi. The basal contact is conformable with the underlying unit.
Elevation (feet)
-1000
P Kimmswick Limestone Limestone. White crinoidal grainstone to packstone in the lower part. The upper part of the formation yields thin bedded, fine grained beds and fossil wackestone facies. Crinoidal bioclasts can be cross bedded. Beds are thin to thick bedded and can have a petroliferous odor. The weathered surface can be extremely pitted, resembling a beehive. Fossils include: the trilobites Isotelus gigas, Calyptaulax sp., Bumastus sp., Calliops sp.; an important index fossil Receptaculites sp. (dasycladasian algae); and the brachiopod Rafinesquina sp. The lower contact is sharp but continuous with the underlying unit.
G St. Louis Limestone Limestone. Dense, gray to gray brown micrite or lime mudstone that yields conchoidal fracture. Beds within this unit vary from thin to thick and massive. There are a few breccia zones within the unit, and they have a hummocky or knobby weathered texture. Most of the accessible outcrops are concentrated along the Mississippi River bank and in larger sinkholes. Fossils include: brachiopods, gastropods, crinoids, echinoids, bryozoans and rugose corals. A colonial coral Acrocyathus sp. occurs in the basal portion of the limestone. This unit is dominated by lime mudstones, but packstone and grainstone facies occur locally; oolitic beds were observed near the top of the unit at the top of a sinkhole located 2200’EL, 2200’SL, Sec. 33, T12S, R2W. The base is unconformable.
Elevation (feet)
0
O Maquoketa Formation Shale. Bluish gray and calcareous in the lower part and siltier in the upper part. The upper facies is tan-brown siltstone and contains fossil algae. The shale weathers to gummy bluish-green clay. A dark shale layer in the upper part contains phosphatic nodules and pyrite with a dwarfed fauna. The contact is sharp and unconformable with the underlying formation.
F Upper Tradewater Formation Sandstone and clay. Poorly exposed and is thickened only where erosion has provided space up to eighty feet into the St. Louis Limestone. It has fine grained micaceous quartz arenites. Clay forms a residuum on top of the underlying limestone and some chert clasts have been associated with the basal part of the unit. The base of this formation has a large unconformity with variable stratigraphic relief.
A�
Osp
N Joliet, Kankakee, and Bowling Green Formations Dolostone. Yellow, with a sugary appearance. This unit is thin to thick bedded, hard and massive. Pale green shale is interbedded in the lower and middle formations and tints the yellow rock with a faint green-gray color. Glauconite and occasional pinkish stains occur in the lower beds. All three formations have moldic porosity. Fossils observed include: brachiopods, crinoid columnals, rugose corals, bryozoans, and trilobites. The trilobite Gravicalymene celebra is common in the middle to upper part of the dolomite beds. Throughout this unit, thin bedded dolostone contains nodules or wavy beds of white to carmel chert. Multiple unconformities occur at the base, within and on top of these dolomitic beds.
E Carbondale Formation Limestones, claystones, and coal. The lower part of this unit is composed of a white underclay (rooted zone) below a coal. The coal ranges from a smut zone to three feet thick dull to bright banded unit. Above the coal is a thin, black, laminated marine shale. Forty feet of a variegated maroon and olive to gray silty shale containing a thin lime wackestone overlies the black shale. Near the top, two limestone benches occur. Both limestones are darkgray, argillaceous fossil wackestones. The fusulinid, Beedeina girtyi (Douglass 1987; called Fusulina girtyi by Rubey 1952), occurs in a light gray packstone at 610 feet elevation, 2300’EL, 1000’WL, Sec. 33, 12S, 2W. The sponge, Chaetetes milleporaceous, may occur in this interval.
A Oj
M Cedar Valley Limestone Limestone and dolostone. Brown to orangebrown fossil wackestone dominated by spiriferid brachiopods. Other diagnostic brachiopods include: atrypids, Mucrospirifer sp., Paraspirifer sp., Orthospirifer iowaensis, Ilita johnsonensis and strophominids. Large rugose corals and articulated and disarticulated crinoid stems are common in places. Laterally, this unit can grade into fossil packstone facies. The packstone is thin bedded, dolomitic, and sandy in places and contains 1 to 2 inch in diameter calcite crystals. Some calcite crystals are oil stained and have a petroliferous odor. The base can be sandy and is unconformable.
D Shelburn Formation Clay and limestone. Composed of a basal limestone overlain by claystone, with a limestone at the top of the section. The basal limestone is a dense, dark gray fossiliferous packstone and locally contains gray nodules of chert. The middle clay is silty, plastic, and calcareous. Above the clay occurs a limestone where fresh is gray, where weathered is brown. It is a dense, hard, fossiliferous wackestone.
Northeast
Odp
L Hannibal Shale Shale. Generally greenish gray to gray, silty and weathers to sticky or gummy clay. It is poorly exposed in this quadrangle but can be massive, non-calcareous, and fissile. The basal contact is unconformable with the limestone below.
C Grover Gravel Gravel. Poorly sorted, contains particles that range from sand and granule to pebble size. Clasts are composed of polished and rounded quartzite, chert, quartz, and rare red and black banded iron. The clasts can be red, white, pink, orange, yellow and black. This deposit is poorly exposed and is mainly found in the alluvium in the southern part of the quadrangle. It occurs directly above the bedrock but is covered by loess.
Southwest
1000
monly thin, undulatory to wavy. Dark-gray chert with white rims occurs as wavy beds at regular intervals throughout the unit. Knobby calcite nodules that are rimmed in quartz are distinct on a weathered surface. The lower contact is conformable but sharp.
Ou _u
-2000
p_
p_
-3000
North
South
C�
C Elevation (feet)
Metz Creek
&u
1000
Q
Msl
Mbk
Msw
MDS
Mbk
0
Ou
MDS Ou
-1000
1000
0
-1000 ?
_u
_u
-2000
Mbk
-2000 p_
p_ -3000
STATEMAP Winfield-BG Sheet 2 of 2
-3000 Q
Quaternary
Msw
Salem and Warsaw Formations
Om
Maquoketa Shale
&u
Pennsylvanian undivided
Mbk
Burlington-Keokuk Limestones
Ok
Kimmswick Limestone
Msl
St. Louis Limestone
MDS
Mississippian, Devonian, Silurian
Odp
Decorah and Plattin Limestones
Joachim Dolomite
_u
Cambrian undivided
Osp
St. Peter Sandstone
p_
Precambrian basement
Ou
Ordovician undivided
Oj
Horizontal scale: 1 inch = 2,000 feet Vertical scale: 1 inch = 2,000 feet No vertical exaggeration
