cellular respiration stage 4 â electron transport chain
LECTURE: CELLULAR RESPIRATION STAGE 4 – ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN KIRSTIN BROWN
Lecture: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Outline: 1. Stage 4 o Review of stages 1, 2 & 3 o The electron transport chain
o Oxidative phosphorylation o Summary
Overview Cellular Respiration o The step-by-step breakdown (oxidation) of
glucose (stages 1 – 3)
o Potential energy is transferred to ATP and
electron carriers (eg. NADH) o Electron carriers are used in stage 4 to make ATP STAGE 4 STAGE 1 STAGE 2
ATP NADH NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
ATP
Overview Cellular Respiration o Stage 1: Glycolysis o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle o Stage 4: Electron transport chain
STAGE 4 STAGE 1 STAGE 2
ATP NADH NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
ATP
Overview Cellular Respiration o Stage 1: Glycolysis (cytosol) o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing (matrix) o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle (matrix) o Stage 4: Electron transport chain (inner
mitochondrial membrane)
glucose Cytosol
Inner membrane STAGE 1
Matrix STAGE 4 STAGE 3 STAGE 2
Mitochondria
Overview
1 glucose ATP
ATP
Investment phase Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
STAGE 1
G3P
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Payoff phase ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP Pyruvate
Pyruvate
STAGE 2
NAD+
NAD+
NADH
NADH
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
STAGE 3
Stage 3 The Citric Acid Cycle o Acetyl-CoA oxidized to CO2 Acetyl-CoA
CoA
Citrate
Oxaloacetate
NADH NAD+
NAD+ CO2
CO2 FADH2
NADH
NAD+ NADH
FAD GTP GDP
Total energy so far: +4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2
Overview Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
0
ATP
∆G
ATP NADH
-100
Pyruvate processing & citric acid cycle
FADH2 ATP NADH
Overview Cellular Respiration glucose Cytosol
Inner membrane STAGE 1
Matrix STAGE 4 STAGE 3 STAGE 2
Mitochondria
Total energy so far: +4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o 5 membrane protein complexes
Intermembrane space
I Matrix
II
III
IV V ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o NADH donates 2 electrons to Complex I o 4 H+ are transported across the membrane o Electrons are transported by coenzyme Q (Q) to Complex III
4H+ Intermembrane space
Q
I
II
e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
e-
III
IV V ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o FADH2 donates 2 electrons to Complex II o Electrons are transported by coenzyme Q (Q) to Complex III
4H+ Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
IV V ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o Complex III transfers electrons to Complex IV through cytochrome C (C) o 4 H+ are transported across the membrane
4H+
4H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV e-
V ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o Complex IV transfers electrons to reduce ½ O2 to H2O o 2 H+ are transported across the membrane
4H+
4H+
2H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV V
e½ O2
H2O
ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o The electrochemical gradient is used to make ATP o H+ flow through ATP synthase
Electrochemical Gradient 4H+
4H+
2H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV V
e½ O2
H2O
ADP
ATP
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Oxidation
NADH
2e-
+
H+
+ ½ O2
NAD+ + H+ + 2e-
Reduction
H2O
Electrochemical Gradient
4H+
4H+
2H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV V
e½ O2
H2O
ADP
ATP
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cytosol
4H+
4H+
2H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV V
e½ O2
H2O
ADP
ATP
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
Fo Matrix
F1
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
Pi ADP
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
ATP
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Fo
ATP
Substrate level Phosphorylation
Outside
Intermembrane space
Cytosol
Prokaryotes
Lecture: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Outline: 1. Stage 4 o Review of stages 1, 2 & 3 o The electron transport chain
o Oxidative phosphorylation o Summary
Overview Cellular Respiration o The step-by-step breakdown (oxidation) of
glucose (stages 1 – 3)
o Potential energy is transferred to ATP and
electron carriers (eg. NADH) o Electron carriers are used in stage 4 to make ATP STAGE 4 STAGE 1 STAGE 2
ATP NADH NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
ATP
Overview Cellular Respiration o Stage 1: Glycolysis o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle o Stage 4: Electron transport chain
STAGE 4 STAGE 1 STAGE 2
ATP NADH NADH
STAGE 3
ATP NADH FADH2
ATP
Overview Cellular Respiration o Stage 1: Glycolysis (cytosol) o Stage 2: Pyruvate processing (matrix) o Stage 3: Citric acid cycle (matrix) o Stage 4: Electron transport chain (inner
mitochondrial membrane)
glucose Cytosol
Inner membrane STAGE 1
Matrix STAGE 4 STAGE 3 STAGE 2
Mitochondria
Overview
1 glucose ATP
ATP
Investment phase Fructose-1-6-bisphosphate
STAGE 1
G3P
NAD+
DHAP
G3P
NAD+
NADH
NADH
ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP
Payoff phase ADP
ADP
ATP
ATP Pyruvate
Pyruvate
STAGE 2
NAD+
NAD+
NADH
NADH
Acetyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA
STAGE 3
Stage 3 The Citric Acid Cycle o Acetyl-CoA oxidized to CO2 Acetyl-CoA
CoA
Citrate
Oxaloacetate
NADH NAD+
NAD+ CO2
CO2 FADH2
NADH
NAD+ NADH
FAD GTP GDP
Total energy so far: +4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2
Overview Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
0
ATP
∆G
ATP NADH
-100
Pyruvate processing & citric acid cycle
FADH2 ATP NADH
Overview Cellular Respiration glucose Cytosol
Inner membrane STAGE 1
Matrix STAGE 4 STAGE 3 STAGE 2
Mitochondria
Total energy so far: +4 ATP, 10 NADH, 2 FADH2
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o 5 membrane protein complexes
Intermembrane space
I Matrix
II
III
IV V ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o NADH donates 2 electrons to Complex I o 4 H+ are transported across the membrane o Electrons are transported by coenzyme Q (Q) to Complex III
4H+ Intermembrane space
Q
I
II
e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
e-
III
IV V ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o FADH2 donates 2 electrons to Complex II o Electrons are transported by coenzyme Q (Q) to Complex III
4H+ Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
IV V ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o Complex III transfers electrons to Complex IV through cytochrome C (C) o 4 H+ are transported across the membrane
4H+
4H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV e-
V ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o Complex IV transfers electrons to reduce ½ O2 to H2O o 2 H+ are transported across the membrane
4H+
4H+
2H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV V
e½ O2
H2O
ATP synthase
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) o The electrochemical gradient is used to make ATP o H+ flow through ATP synthase
Electrochemical Gradient 4H+
4H+
2H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV V
e½ O2
H2O
ADP
ATP
Stage 4 The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Oxidation
NADH
2e-
+
H+
+ ½ O2
NAD+ + H+ + 2e-
Reduction
H2O
Electrochemical Gradient
4H+
4H+
2H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV V
e½ O2
H2O
ADP
ATP
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cytosol
4H+
4H+
2H+
Intermembrane space
e-
Q
I e-
Matrix NADH
NAD+
II e-
III
FADH2 FAD
C
IV V
e½ O2
H2O
ADP
ATP
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
Fo Matrix
F1
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
Pi ADP
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Intermembrane space
FFoo Matrix
F1
ATP
Stage 4 Oxidative Phosphorylation
Fo
ATP
Substrate level Phosphorylation
Outside
Intermembrane space
Cytosol
Prokaryotes
