DDGS
Effects of pelleting grow-finish swine diets on drop value due to stomach ulceration I.M. Grossman, M.F. Overholt, J.E. Lowell, H.H. Stein, E.K. Arkfeld, A.C. Dilger, D.D. Boler Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
• As feed particle size decreases from 1,000 µm to 400 µm in swine diets, growth efficiency increases by 8% (Wondra et al., 1995). • Pelletizing swine diets can improve G:F by 4 to 6% • As particle size decreases, stomach ulceration increases
OBJECTIVE Determine differences in stomach morphology and ulceration scores of barrows and gilts fed pelleted or mash diets without or with 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS).
JUSTIFICATION An increase in stomach ulceration has negative economic implications for the meat industry. • Current drop value of a pork carcass in the U.S. pork industry is 0.083 $/kg (3.78 $/cwt; based on USDA weekly carlot report) • Based on 93 kg carcass (74% yield) • Total drop value is between $10 and $11 per pig • A pig’s empty stomach weighs approximately 0.63 kg. (Boler et
• Experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized completed block design • 48 experimental units (pens) with 4 pigs per pen. 192 total pigs • Diets ₋ Pelleted diet with 0% DDGS ₋ Pelleted diet with 30% DDGS ₋ Mash diet with 0% DDGS ₋ Mash diet with 30% DDGS • The heaviest barrow and gilt (n = 96) from each pen was selected for visceral evaluation • Stomachs were separated from the rest of the GI tract, cleaned and weighed. • Stomachs were scored on a scale of 0 (healthy) to 10 (severe ulcers) (Nielsen et al., 2000).
Boler, D.D., C. L. Puls, D. L. Clark, M. Ellis, A. L. Schroeder, P. D. Matzat, J. Killefer, F. K. McKeith and A. C. Dilger. Effects of immunological castration (Improvest) on changes in dressing percentage and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 2014 92: 1: 359-368 Nielsen, E.K., Ingvartsen, K.L. Effect of cereal type, disintegration method and pelleting on stomach content, weight and ulcers and performance in growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 66 (2000) 271-282. Wondra, K. J., J. D. Hancock, K. C. Behnke, R. H. Hines, and C. R. Stark. Effects of particle size and pelleting on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and stomach morphology in finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 1995 73:757–763.
Stomach wt, kg
0.63
0.61 0.02
0.61 0.62 0.02
0.25 0.36 0.65
Stomach, % of ELW
0.55
0.53 0.01
0.53 0.55 0.01
0.07 0.10 0.51
Healthy Stomach Score = 0
Severe Ring Shaped Score = 8
Fig. 1 - Pigs fed pelleted diets had greater ulceration scores, but all stomachs would be considered healthy
10.0 8.0 Ulcer Score
LITERATURE CITED
Table 1. Effects of pelleting grow-finish swine diets with and without 30 % distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on stomach mass and percentage and percentage of ending live weight Diet Form DDGS P-values Diet Diet Form x Meal Pellet SEM 0% 30% SEM Form DDGS DDGS Pens, n 24 24 24 24 Pigs, n 48 47 47 48
RESULTS
al., 2014)
• Current total value of a stomach is approximately $1.75 • The stomach represents between 15% - 20% of total drop value
RESULTS
METHODS
INTRODUCTION
Diet Form DDGS Diet Form x DDGS
Nielsen et al., 2000
(P < 0.01) (P = 0.10) (P = 0.444)
CONCLUSIONS
6.0 4.0 2.0
1.20b
1.35b
1.59ab
1.99a
0.0 Meal Meal Pellet Pellet 0% DDGS 30% DDGS 0% DDGS 30% DDGS
There were no differences in stomach weights or percentage of ending live weight Pigs fed pelleted diets had higher ulceration scores than pigs fed mash diets There were no differences in ulceration score between DDGS and control fed pigs Stomachs from all pigs, regardless of treatment were healthy
• As feed particle size decreases from 1,000 µm to 400 µm in swine diets, growth efficiency increases by 8% (Wondra et al., 1995). • Pelletizing swine diets can improve G:F by 4 to 6% • As particle size decreases, stomach ulceration increases
OBJECTIVE Determine differences in stomach morphology and ulceration scores of barrows and gilts fed pelleted or mash diets without or with 30% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS).
JUSTIFICATION An increase in stomach ulceration has negative economic implications for the meat industry. • Current drop value of a pork carcass in the U.S. pork industry is 0.083 $/kg (3.78 $/cwt; based on USDA weekly carlot report) • Based on 93 kg carcass (74% yield) • Total drop value is between $10 and $11 per pig • A pig’s empty stomach weighs approximately 0.63 kg. (Boler et
• Experimental design was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized completed block design • 48 experimental units (pens) with 4 pigs per pen. 192 total pigs • Diets ₋ Pelleted diet with 0% DDGS ₋ Pelleted diet with 30% DDGS ₋ Mash diet with 0% DDGS ₋ Mash diet with 30% DDGS • The heaviest barrow and gilt (n = 96) from each pen was selected for visceral evaluation • Stomachs were separated from the rest of the GI tract, cleaned and weighed. • Stomachs were scored on a scale of 0 (healthy) to 10 (severe ulcers) (Nielsen et al., 2000).
Boler, D.D., C. L. Puls, D. L. Clark, M. Ellis, A. L. Schroeder, P. D. Matzat, J. Killefer, F. K. McKeith and A. C. Dilger. Effects of immunological castration (Improvest) on changes in dressing percentage and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 2014 92: 1: 359-368 Nielsen, E.K., Ingvartsen, K.L. Effect of cereal type, disintegration method and pelleting on stomach content, weight and ulcers and performance in growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 66 (2000) 271-282. Wondra, K. J., J. D. Hancock, K. C. Behnke, R. H. Hines, and C. R. Stark. Effects of particle size and pelleting on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and stomach morphology in finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 1995 73:757–763.
Stomach wt, kg
0.63
0.61 0.02
0.61 0.62 0.02
0.25 0.36 0.65
Stomach, % of ELW
0.55
0.53 0.01
0.53 0.55 0.01
0.07 0.10 0.51
Healthy Stomach Score = 0
Severe Ring Shaped Score = 8
Fig. 1 - Pigs fed pelleted diets had greater ulceration scores, but all stomachs would be considered healthy
10.0 8.0 Ulcer Score
LITERATURE CITED
Table 1. Effects of pelleting grow-finish swine diets with and without 30 % distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on stomach mass and percentage and percentage of ending live weight Diet Form DDGS P-values Diet Diet Form x Meal Pellet SEM 0% 30% SEM Form DDGS DDGS Pens, n 24 24 24 24 Pigs, n 48 47 47 48
RESULTS
al., 2014)
• Current total value of a stomach is approximately $1.75 • The stomach represents between 15% - 20% of total drop value
RESULTS
METHODS
INTRODUCTION
Diet Form DDGS Diet Form x DDGS
Nielsen et al., 2000
(P < 0.01) (P = 0.10) (P = 0.444)
CONCLUSIONS
6.0 4.0 2.0
1.20b
1.35b
1.59ab
1.99a
0.0 Meal Meal Pellet Pellet 0% DDGS 30% DDGS 0% DDGS 30% DDGS
There were no differences in stomach weights or percentage of ending live weight Pigs fed pelleted diets had higher ulceration scores than pigs fed mash diets There were no differences in ulceration score between DDGS and control fed pigs Stomachs from all pigs, regardless of treatment were healthy
