(GoL, ~

INDO-EUROPEAN

LANGUAGES

INDO-EUROPEAN

I (HITTITE)

I

I

IN~~J~JIAN

I

GjEK

I

ITAILIC

II

ARMiNlAN

Greek

I

GERMA NIC

i

Armenian

I

ALBjNIAN

I

SLA)VONIC

I

(TOCHARIAN)

I I (Sanskrit)

I

IRANIAN

INDlC

(Prakrit) (Pali) Gujarati Marathi Hindustani Hindi Urdu Bengali Bihari Sindhi Bhili Rajasthani Panjabi Pahari etc.

I I

I

(Avestan)

(Scythian)

I

Pashto (Old Persian)

OLD LATIN

(UMB~IAN)

¢BALTIC

Albanian Lithuanian

L.

(OSJAN)

I

CELTIC

WEST lLAVIC

SOUTH SLAVIC

EAST lLAVIC

I (Latin)

I Polish

I (Old Church Slavonic)

I Russian

French Spanish Italian Portuguese Rumanian Catalan Provencal etc.

Serbian Czech Slovak etc.

Slovene Serbo-Croatian Bulgarian

I

(Old Prussian)

Ukrainian etc.

I

I

(Goidelic)

(Gaulish)

I (Brythonic)

I

I

(Old Irish)

Welsh Breton

I

(Middle Irish)

I

Persian Kurdish Ossetic Baluchi etc.

Lettish

EAST

I GERMANIC

(GoL,

NORTH

I

I GERMANIC

WEST

~

I

I

I

ANGLO-FRISIAN

(Old West Norse)

I

LEGEND 1. Families are shown in capital letters: ITALIC, LOW GERMAN. 2. Families with no known descendants are shown in capital letters in parentheses: (HITTITE), (OSCAN). 3. Dead languages are shown in capital and small letters in parentheses: (Sanskrit), (Latin). 4. Living languages are shown in capital and small letters without parentheses: Gujarati, English.

I

Norwegian

I

I

HIGH GERMAN

I

I

GERMAN

I

(Old East Norse)

Icelandic Faroese

(Manx) (Cornish) Irish Scots Gaelic

I GERMANIC

LOW GERMAN

I

Swedish Danish

(Old High German)

I

H·lh G) (M'ddl 1 e 19 erman

I

(Old English)

I

(Middle English)

I

(Old Frisian)

I Frisian

I

English

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I

(Old Low Franconian)

I .

Franco~an Bavanan Swiss

(Old Saxon)

I

Alemannic Plattdeutsch Alsatian German Yiddish Pennsylvania German

Dutch Flemish Afrik 1 aans