PF W 151
Writing 151!
Advanced Grammar! Prerequisite: Wri,ng score of 600+ on most recent prac,ce exam
Course Description
In this micro-course, we’ll tackle the more challenging grammar errors which commonly appear in the SAT writing sections: parallelism, idioms, logical comparisons, noun agreement, wordiness/redundancy, and misplaced modifiers.!
Writing 151
2
Parallelism
Parallelism! ! ISE: Multiple things are listed but they are in different forms (verbs, nouns, etc.).! ! IS: Revise the list so that each thing is in the same form.!
Writing 151
3
Parallelism
Example:! Many college admission officers look for wellA B rounded applicants who excel in academics, C athletics, and performing community service. D No error E
Writing 151
4
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs! ! ISE: Is the underlined word describing a verb or a noun?! * Remember: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives modify nouns and other adjectives.!
! IS: If an underlined word is an adjective and it describes a verb, change the adjective to an adverb.!
Writing 151
5
Misplaced Modifiers
Misplaced Modifiers! ! ISE: A descriptive word or phrase isn’t next to what it’s describing.! ! IS: Find what is being described, move it after the comma, and make sure it is the subject of the sentence that follows.
Writing 151
6
Misplaced Modifiers
Example:! While exercising one morning, I found a massive A B anthill running along the river near my house. C D No error E
Writing 151
7
Wordiness
Wordiness! ! ISE: The sentence uses more words than it needs, or contains an unnecessary ‘–ing’ verb.! ! IS: Re-state the underlined portion using the least number of words.!
Writing 151
8
Redundancy
Redundancy! ! ISE: A word or phrase repeats an idea that is already in the sentence.! ! IS: Remove the repetition.!
Writing 151
9
Redundancy
Example:! To monitor the inclement weather, the school A principal requested hourly weather updates from B C his assistant every 60 minutes. No error D E
Writing 151
10
Logical Comparisons
Logical Comparisons! ! ISE: If the sentence sets up a comparison, are the items of the same type?! ! IS: Make all the items being compared the same type.!
Writing 151
11
Logical Comparisons
Example:! The historic San Diego Zoo features more species A than any other city in the country; some of them B C can be seen nowhere else. No error D E
Writing 151
12
Noun Agreement
Noun Agreement! ! ISE: If a noun is representing another noun(s), are both nouns singular or both plural?! ! IS: Make sure that the nouns agree in number.!
Writing 151
13
Idioms
Idioms! ! ISE: If a verb is paired with a preposition, check the idiom.! ! IS: Correct the idiomatic phrase.! abide by arrive at stare at accuse of consist of approve of opinion of in charge of introduction of hope for apologize for blame for Writing 151
excuse for pray for believe in participate in succeed in care about complain about [a thing] agree to respond to prefer [item 1] to [item 2] subscribe to compare to
complain to [a person] object to equal to hide from differ from protect from escape from recover from different from discriminate against insist upon rely on
count on depend on argue with Inconsistent with provide with
14
Idioms
Example:! Mary was unsettled by the ease with which her son A lied, as she realized that his account of his B C Saturday night was inconsistent to the story he had D told his father. No error E
Writing 151
15
Review Questions Joyce has the necessary experience to be elected A president of her class this year, as last year she B served as vice president, captain of the debate C team, and headed the dance committee. No error D E
Writing 151
16
Review Questions To produce the feeling of depth and dimension in a drawing, creating varied shading with the side of the pencil lead is what an artist might do. (A) creating varied shading with the side of the pencil lead is what an artist might do (B) an artist might create varied shading with the pencil lead using the side (C) an artist might use the side of the pencil lead to create varied shading (D) using the side of the pencil lead, an artist might do this for varied shading (E) the side of the pencil lead is how an artist might do varied shading
Writing 151
17
Review Questions Although criticized by a few for his daredevil stunts, most people viewed Evel Knievel as a skillful motorcyclist. (A) most people viewed Evel Knievel as a skillful motorcyclist (B) Evel Knievel was viewed by most people as a skillful motorcyclist (C) most people viewed Evel Knievel to be a skillful motorcyclist (D) Evel Knievel, a skillful motorcyclist in the view of most people (E) a skillful motorcyclist was what most people viewed Evel Knievel as
Writing 151
18
Review Questions As scientists continue exploring the universe, they A B C are finding both new treasures in the sky and also D ancient clues about the planet’s origins. No error E
Writing 151
19
Review Questions Katie changed her outfit for the party many times, changing from a red dress first she switched to a black one, then eventually to a sweater and skirt from a dress. (A) changing from a red dress first she switched to a black one, then eventually to a sweater and skirt from a dress (B) the first change was from a red dress to a black one and eventually from a dress to a sweater and skirt (C) changing first from a red dress, she switched to a black one and eventually from a dress to a sweater and skirt (D) first from a red dress to a black one, and eventually from a dress to a sweater and skirt (E) First from a red dress to a black one and she ended up in a sweater and skirt after switching out of a dress
Writing 151
20
Review Questions The manager of a restaurant has more A responsibility than any other job, as he or she B must constantly make sure that everyone else C is working efficiently. No error D E
Writing 151
21
Review Questions When a teenager moves out of their parents’ house A to attend college, the parents often feel a mixture B C of joy and sadness upon realizing that their child D has become an adult. No error E
Writing 151
22
Review Questions Carried by ticks, humans can contract Lyme disease unknowingly and become seriously ill victims. (A) humans can contract Lyme disease unknowingly and become seriously ill victims (B) Lyme disease can contract human victims, who become seriously ill (C) humans become seriously ill by Lyme disease, which can be contracted by a victim (D) unknowingly, victimized humans can contract Lyme disease and they can become seriously ill (E) Lyme disease can be contracted by humans, making the victim seriously ill
Writing 151
23
Review Questions Collecting heavy rocks, some weighing as much as twenty pounds each, proved challenging for the boys. (A) some weighing as much as twenty pounds each (B) some of which weighed up to or even twenty pounds (C) which were weighing as much as twenty pounds (D) some weighing as much as twenty pounds (E) which had a twenty pounds weight each
Writing 151
24
Review Questions Thumbing through Sonnets from the Portuguese, it wasn’t difficult to find more than one poem that spoke to Richard. (A) it wasn’t difficult to find more than one poem that spoke to Richard (B) Richard realized it wasn’t difficult to find more than one poem that spoke to him (C) Richard realized that more than one poem spoke to him without difficulty (D) more than one poem spoke to Richard, which wasn’t difficult to realize (E) finding at least one poem that spoke to him wasn’t difficult for Richard to realize
Writing 151
25
Review Questions For a child, a winter vacation can be wonderful, as A B they can take skiing lessons, ice skate on a frozen C pond, or just play around in the snow. No error D E
Writing 151
26
Review Questions Washington, D.C. attracts many tourists because of A B its fascinating history and their beautiful buildings. C D No error E
Writing 151
27
Review Questions Every summer we go on a group camping trip; it is A B important that each person remember to bring their C D own supplies, because nobody brings extras. No error E
Writing 151
28
Advanced Grammar! Prerequisite: Wri,ng score of 600+ on most recent prac,ce exam
Course Description
In this micro-course, we’ll tackle the more challenging grammar errors which commonly appear in the SAT writing sections: parallelism, idioms, logical comparisons, noun agreement, wordiness/redundancy, and misplaced modifiers.!
Writing 151
2
Parallelism
Parallelism! ! ISE: Multiple things are listed but they are in different forms (verbs, nouns, etc.).! ! IS: Revise the list so that each thing is in the same form.!
Writing 151
3
Parallelism
Example:! Many college admission officers look for wellA B rounded applicants who excel in academics, C athletics, and performing community service. D No error E
Writing 151
4
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs! ! ISE: Is the underlined word describing a verb or a noun?! * Remember: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives modify nouns and other adjectives.!
! IS: If an underlined word is an adjective and it describes a verb, change the adjective to an adverb.!
Writing 151
5
Misplaced Modifiers
Misplaced Modifiers! ! ISE: A descriptive word or phrase isn’t next to what it’s describing.! ! IS: Find what is being described, move it after the comma, and make sure it is the subject of the sentence that follows.
Writing 151
6
Misplaced Modifiers
Example:! While exercising one morning, I found a massive A B anthill running along the river near my house. C D No error E
Writing 151
7
Wordiness
Wordiness! ! ISE: The sentence uses more words than it needs, or contains an unnecessary ‘–ing’ verb.! ! IS: Re-state the underlined portion using the least number of words.!
Writing 151
8
Redundancy
Redundancy! ! ISE: A word or phrase repeats an idea that is already in the sentence.! ! IS: Remove the repetition.!
Writing 151
9
Redundancy
Example:! To monitor the inclement weather, the school A principal requested hourly weather updates from B C his assistant every 60 minutes. No error D E
Writing 151
10
Logical Comparisons
Logical Comparisons! ! ISE: If the sentence sets up a comparison, are the items of the same type?! ! IS: Make all the items being compared the same type.!
Writing 151
11
Logical Comparisons
Example:! The historic San Diego Zoo features more species A than any other city in the country; some of them B C can be seen nowhere else. No error D E
Writing 151
12
Noun Agreement
Noun Agreement! ! ISE: If a noun is representing another noun(s), are both nouns singular or both plural?! ! IS: Make sure that the nouns agree in number.!
Writing 151
13
Idioms
Idioms! ! ISE: If a verb is paired with a preposition, check the idiom.! ! IS: Correct the idiomatic phrase.! abide by arrive at stare at accuse of consist of approve of opinion of in charge of introduction of hope for apologize for blame for Writing 151
excuse for pray for believe in participate in succeed in care about complain about [a thing] agree to respond to prefer [item 1] to [item 2] subscribe to compare to
complain to [a person] object to equal to hide from differ from protect from escape from recover from different from discriminate against insist upon rely on
count on depend on argue with Inconsistent with provide with
14
Idioms
Example:! Mary was unsettled by the ease with which her son A lied, as she realized that his account of his B C Saturday night was inconsistent to the story he had D told his father. No error E
Writing 151
15
Review Questions Joyce has the necessary experience to be elected A president of her class this year, as last year she B served as vice president, captain of the debate C team, and headed the dance committee. No error D E
Writing 151
16
Review Questions To produce the feeling of depth and dimension in a drawing, creating varied shading with the side of the pencil lead is what an artist might do. (A) creating varied shading with the side of the pencil lead is what an artist might do (B) an artist might create varied shading with the pencil lead using the side (C) an artist might use the side of the pencil lead to create varied shading (D) using the side of the pencil lead, an artist might do this for varied shading (E) the side of the pencil lead is how an artist might do varied shading
Writing 151
17
Review Questions Although criticized by a few for his daredevil stunts, most people viewed Evel Knievel as a skillful motorcyclist. (A) most people viewed Evel Knievel as a skillful motorcyclist (B) Evel Knievel was viewed by most people as a skillful motorcyclist (C) most people viewed Evel Knievel to be a skillful motorcyclist (D) Evel Knievel, a skillful motorcyclist in the view of most people (E) a skillful motorcyclist was what most people viewed Evel Knievel as
Writing 151
18
Review Questions As scientists continue exploring the universe, they A B C are finding both new treasures in the sky and also D ancient clues about the planet’s origins. No error E
Writing 151
19
Review Questions Katie changed her outfit for the party many times, changing from a red dress first she switched to a black one, then eventually to a sweater and skirt from a dress. (A) changing from a red dress first she switched to a black one, then eventually to a sweater and skirt from a dress (B) the first change was from a red dress to a black one and eventually from a dress to a sweater and skirt (C) changing first from a red dress, she switched to a black one and eventually from a dress to a sweater and skirt (D) first from a red dress to a black one, and eventually from a dress to a sweater and skirt (E) First from a red dress to a black one and she ended up in a sweater and skirt after switching out of a dress
Writing 151
20
Review Questions The manager of a restaurant has more A responsibility than any other job, as he or she B must constantly make sure that everyone else C is working efficiently. No error D E
Writing 151
21
Review Questions When a teenager moves out of their parents’ house A to attend college, the parents often feel a mixture B C of joy and sadness upon realizing that their child D has become an adult. No error E
Writing 151
22
Review Questions Carried by ticks, humans can contract Lyme disease unknowingly and become seriously ill victims. (A) humans can contract Lyme disease unknowingly and become seriously ill victims (B) Lyme disease can contract human victims, who become seriously ill (C) humans become seriously ill by Lyme disease, which can be contracted by a victim (D) unknowingly, victimized humans can contract Lyme disease and they can become seriously ill (E) Lyme disease can be contracted by humans, making the victim seriously ill
Writing 151
23
Review Questions Collecting heavy rocks, some weighing as much as twenty pounds each, proved challenging for the boys. (A) some weighing as much as twenty pounds each (B) some of which weighed up to or even twenty pounds (C) which were weighing as much as twenty pounds (D) some weighing as much as twenty pounds (E) which had a twenty pounds weight each
Writing 151
24
Review Questions Thumbing through Sonnets from the Portuguese, it wasn’t difficult to find more than one poem that spoke to Richard. (A) it wasn’t difficult to find more than one poem that spoke to Richard (B) Richard realized it wasn’t difficult to find more than one poem that spoke to him (C) Richard realized that more than one poem spoke to him without difficulty (D) more than one poem spoke to Richard, which wasn’t difficult to realize (E) finding at least one poem that spoke to him wasn’t difficult for Richard to realize
Writing 151
25
Review Questions For a child, a winter vacation can be wonderful, as A B they can take skiing lessons, ice skate on a frozen C pond, or just play around in the snow. No error D E
Writing 151
26
Review Questions Washington, D.C. attracts many tourists because of A B its fascinating history and their beautiful buildings. C D No error E
Writing 151
27
Review Questions Every summer we go on a group camping trip; it is A B important that each person remember to bring their C D own supplies, because nobody brings extras. No error E
Writing 151
28
