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The 3rd Joint SQU-JCCP Environment Symposium (The 19th GCC-JAPAN Environment Symposium)
Solar Powered Desalination Using Thermoelectric Power Generation
Yuji Saito 1
Contents 1.
Corporate Overview
2.
Introduction-Why Solar Powered Desalination?
3.
Our Concept for Solar Powered Desalination
4.
Cost Evaluation
5.
Conclusions
2
1. Corporate Overview JGC
Established in 1928 Turnover: US$ 4.5 Bil. (Fiscal ’09 ending March 2010) JGC Group Manpower: 4,800 in Japan, 4,200 Overseas Engineering/Procurement/Construction (EPC), and Investment in Energy and Utility Supply Executed 20,000 Plants on EPC basis in over 70 Countries Worldwide 3
Business Areas
EPC Up & Mid Stream
Project Development & Investment
LNG Power Generation
Refineries
Water & Power
Gas Processing
Petrochemicals & Chemicals
Environmental & Energy Conservation Medical Facilities & Research Laboratories
Renewable Energy CO2 Solution
Industrial
4
Investment for Water & Power Generation Rabigh IWSPP
Taweelah A2 & B IWPP Project Scheme
BOO (Build, Own and Operate) for 20 years
Taweelah A2
Power : 710 MW Water : 50 MIGD
Taweelah B Existing New
Power Water Power Water
Project Scheme
Net Capacity
: 1,000 MW : 92 MIGD : 1,000 MW : 65 MIGD
BOOT (Build, Own, Operate and Transfer) for 25 years
Water Project in China Project Scheme
BOO (Build, Own and Operate) for 30 years
Net Capacity
Water 1st Phase : 100,000 t/d 2nd Phase(U/C): 50,000t/d expansion
Power : 360 MW Water : 5,580 ton/hr Steam :1,230 ton/hr
5
Investment for Renewable Energy Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Plants, Spain
Spain El Carpio
Project Scheme
BOO (Build, Own and Operate)
Location
El Carpio, Cordoba, Spain
Facilities (2012~)
Concentrating Solar Power Plants 100 MW (50 MW x 2)
Total Project Cost
Over 500 Million Euros
Shareholders
Abengoa Solar JGC Corporation
Operator
Abengoa Solar
Remarks
This project will produce enough energy to meet the electricity needs of 52,000 houses and achieve emissions reductions totaling approximately 63,000 tons of CO2 per year
74 % 26 %
(Source: Abengoa Solar)
6
2. IntroductionIntroduction-Why Solar Powered Desalination?
Solar Energy
Sea Water Water Scarcity
Source: http://meatthefacts.org/wp/2008/09/22/water-scarcity-2/
Source: http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-9912-oman-steps-upefforts-to-cut-water-wastage/
7
Unsustainable water use Groundwater over-use Fossil-fuel desalination
Water consumption for the Arabian Peninsula
Current water demand Future water demand
How is this demand met?
Groundwater & Water reuse Groundwater & Water reuse
2050 Now
To meet the increased water demand, the use of renewable energy provide the ideal solution.
Source: AQUA-CSP, Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination, Chapter 4
8
Renewable energy potential for electricity generation in GCC countries 150,000 TWh TWh/y /y
[TWh/y]
300
˅
250
Global elec. demand 18,000 TWh/y
200 150 100 50 0
Solar energy is expected as the principal renewable energy resource. Source: MED-CSP, Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region, Chapter 3
9
Water scenariofor forthe theArabian ArabianPeninsula Peninsula Watersupply consumption Groundwater over-use Fossil-fuel desalination
Total water demand
Solar powered How is this desalination demand met? Ground water & Water reuse
Groundwater & Water reuse
Now
2050
Most of the water demand in the Arabian Peninsula can be met by solar powered desalination. Source: AQUA-CSP, Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination, Chapter 4
10
3. Our Concept for Solar Powered Desalination Conceptual Flows for Solar Powered Desalination Solar Energy
PV/ Electricity Storage
Electricity
RO Desali.
Electricity
CSP/ Thermal Storage
Heat
Our Concept
Steam gen. & Turbine
Steam & Electricity Electricity
CSP/ Thermal Storage
Heat
Steam gen. with Thermoelectric modules Steam & Electricity
RO Desali.
Product water
Product water
MED Desali.
RO Desali.
Product water
MED Desali.
11
Development Team Development of Total System Integration
Development of Thermoelectric Modules
Advisor
Development of the Steam Generator with Thermoelectric Modules 12
Block Flow of Our System Electricity
TE conversion
RO Desalination
Product water
Electricity Steam, 150C
TE modules
Heat medium, 300C
Thermal Energy Storage
Heat medium, 550C
Steam Generator
Heat transfer
MED Desalination
Product water
Condensate water, 65C
Characteristics of this system:
•Power generation by thermoelectric (TE) conversion •Energy storage as thermal energy
What advantages? 13
Advantage-1. Easy Operation & Less Maintenance Our system
Thermoelectric(TE) Conversion
Power Generation by Turbines
Heating
Cooling
TE modules
•Quick power generation •Less maintenance
Much care is required for O&M Source The left drawing: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect The right drawing: http://dwnpics.com/steam-turbine.html
14
Advantage-2. Low Cost for Day-and-Night Operation Energy storage system cost for day-and-night operation (Plant capacity: 10,000t/d desalination, for 20 year operation) [MM$]
30 25
Batteries 2nd period
20 Heat Medium & Storage Tank
15 Batteries 1st period
10 5 0
Thermal Energy Our system Storage
CSP
Electricity Storage
Batteries are expensive and their lifetime is short.
PV
Thermal energy storage is a cost-effective solution for energy storage. Source of the left picture: “Solar Two”, http://www.renewable-energy-info.com/solar/csp-thermal-storage.html
15
4. Cost Evaluation Assumptions •Water production: 10,000 t/d (30,000 – 40,000 people as domestic water use) •Annual Irradiation: DNI(*1) 2,500 kWh/m2, GHI (*2) 2,200 kWh/m2 •Plant availability: 90% •Operation period: 20 years •Inflation rate: 2.0% •Cost index: Based on year 2010 •Overnight investment •All the utilities except for sea water are self-sufficient •Costs of TE modules are estimated as mass–produced items. (*1)DNI: Direct normal irradiation (*2)GHI: Global horizontal irradiation
16
Estimation of Water Production Cost [$/ton]
Most of operating cost is for the steam turbine cycle.
1.4 1.2 1 Operating Cost
0.8
About half of capital cost is for the electricity storage.
0.6 Capital Cost
0.4 0.2 0
CSP+TE+ MED+RO
PV+RO
CSP+ST+ CSP+ST+ RO MED+RO
The water production system of our concept will be more cost-competitive than other systems. 17
5. Conclusions •Solar powered desalination is one of the best solutions to supply water sustainably. •This system features easy operation, less maintenance, and low cost for day-and-night operation. •This system will become more cost-competitive than other systems of solar powered desalination.
18
“Energy”, “Environment”, “Engineering” for the Quality of Human Life
Thank you !
Yuji Saito [email protected] 19
References
20
Prospect of TE Module Electricity Generation Cost Elec. generation cost($/W)
20 18
Existing technology scenario
16
14コマツモジュール ＄1/W
12 10
Improved technology scenario
8 6 4 2 0
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
Annual Production of TE Modules
1 module: 24W(280C-30C), 25cm2(50cmx5cm)
21
Advantage-3. High Water Quality Multi Effect Distillation, MED
Higher quality water production (TDS(*1) ≈ 5mg/l)
Reverse Osmosis, RO
TDS(*1) ≈ 500mg/l
(*1) Total Dissolved Solids
Source: The left drawing: Sasakura, brochure The right drawing: Hydrocomponents & Technologies Inc., http://www.hcti.com/sm/aboutro/aboutro.html
22
Solar Powered Desalination Using Thermoelectric Power Generation
Yuji Saito 1
Contents 1.
Corporate Overview
2.
Introduction-Why Solar Powered Desalination?
3.
Our Concept for Solar Powered Desalination
4.
Cost Evaluation
5.
Conclusions
2
1. Corporate Overview JGC
Established in 1928 Turnover: US$ 4.5 Bil. (Fiscal ’09 ending March 2010) JGC Group Manpower: 4,800 in Japan, 4,200 Overseas Engineering/Procurement/Construction (EPC), and Investment in Energy and Utility Supply Executed 20,000 Plants on EPC basis in over 70 Countries Worldwide 3
Business Areas
EPC Up & Mid Stream
Project Development & Investment
LNG Power Generation
Refineries
Water & Power
Gas Processing
Petrochemicals & Chemicals
Environmental & Energy Conservation Medical Facilities & Research Laboratories
Renewable Energy CO2 Solution
Industrial
4
Investment for Water & Power Generation Rabigh IWSPP
Taweelah A2 & B IWPP Project Scheme
BOO (Build, Own and Operate) for 20 years
Taweelah A2
Power : 710 MW Water : 50 MIGD
Taweelah B Existing New
Power Water Power Water
Project Scheme
Net Capacity
: 1,000 MW : 92 MIGD : 1,000 MW : 65 MIGD
BOOT (Build, Own, Operate and Transfer) for 25 years
Water Project in China Project Scheme
BOO (Build, Own and Operate) for 30 years
Net Capacity
Water 1st Phase : 100,000 t/d 2nd Phase(U/C): 50,000t/d expansion
Power : 360 MW Water : 5,580 ton/hr Steam :1,230 ton/hr
5
Investment for Renewable Energy Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Plants, Spain
Spain El Carpio
Project Scheme
BOO (Build, Own and Operate)
Location
El Carpio, Cordoba, Spain
Facilities (2012~)
Concentrating Solar Power Plants 100 MW (50 MW x 2)
Total Project Cost
Over 500 Million Euros
Shareholders
Abengoa Solar JGC Corporation
Operator
Abengoa Solar
Remarks
This project will produce enough energy to meet the electricity needs of 52,000 houses and achieve emissions reductions totaling approximately 63,000 tons of CO2 per year
74 % 26 %
(Source: Abengoa Solar)
6
2. IntroductionIntroduction-Why Solar Powered Desalination?
Solar Energy
Sea Water Water Scarcity
Source: http://meatthefacts.org/wp/2008/09/22/water-scarcity-2/
Source: http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-9912-oman-steps-upefforts-to-cut-water-wastage/
7
Unsustainable water use Groundwater over-use Fossil-fuel desalination
Water consumption for the Arabian Peninsula
Current water demand Future water demand
How is this demand met?
Groundwater & Water reuse Groundwater & Water reuse
2050 Now
To meet the increased water demand, the use of renewable energy provide the ideal solution.
Source: AQUA-CSP, Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination, Chapter 4
8
Renewable energy potential for electricity generation in GCC countries 150,000 TWh TWh/y /y
[TWh/y]
300
˅
250
Global elec. demand 18,000 TWh/y
200 150 100 50 0
Solar energy is expected as the principal renewable energy resource. Source: MED-CSP, Concentrating Solar Power for the Mediterranean Region, Chapter 3
9
Water scenariofor forthe theArabian ArabianPeninsula Peninsula Watersupply consumption Groundwater over-use Fossil-fuel desalination
Total water demand
Solar powered How is this desalination demand met? Ground water & Water reuse
Groundwater & Water reuse
Now
2050
Most of the water demand in the Arabian Peninsula can be met by solar powered desalination. Source: AQUA-CSP, Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination, Chapter 4
10
3. Our Concept for Solar Powered Desalination Conceptual Flows for Solar Powered Desalination Solar Energy
PV/ Electricity Storage
Electricity
RO Desali.
Electricity
CSP/ Thermal Storage
Heat
Our Concept
Steam gen. & Turbine
Steam & Electricity Electricity
CSP/ Thermal Storage
Heat
Steam gen. with Thermoelectric modules Steam & Electricity
RO Desali.
Product water
Product water
MED Desali.
RO Desali.
Product water
MED Desali.
11
Development Team Development of Total System Integration
Development of Thermoelectric Modules
Advisor
Development of the Steam Generator with Thermoelectric Modules 12
Block Flow of Our System Electricity
TE conversion
RO Desalination
Product water
Electricity Steam, 150C
TE modules
Heat medium, 300C
Thermal Energy Storage
Heat medium, 550C
Steam Generator
Heat transfer
MED Desalination
Product water
Condensate water, 65C
Characteristics of this system:
•Power generation by thermoelectric (TE) conversion •Energy storage as thermal energy
What advantages? 13
Advantage-1. Easy Operation & Less Maintenance Our system
Thermoelectric(TE) Conversion
Power Generation by Turbines
Heating
Cooling
TE modules
•Quick power generation •Less maintenance
Much care is required for O&M Source The left drawing: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_effect The right drawing: http://dwnpics.com/steam-turbine.html
14
Advantage-2. Low Cost for Day-and-Night Operation Energy storage system cost for day-and-night operation (Plant capacity: 10,000t/d desalination, for 20 year operation) [MM$]
30 25
Batteries 2nd period
20 Heat Medium & Storage Tank
15 Batteries 1st period
10 5 0
Thermal Energy Our system Storage
CSP
Electricity Storage
Batteries are expensive and their lifetime is short.
PV
Thermal energy storage is a cost-effective solution for energy storage. Source of the left picture: “Solar Two”, http://www.renewable-energy-info.com/solar/csp-thermal-storage.html
15
4. Cost Evaluation Assumptions •Water production: 10,000 t/d (30,000 – 40,000 people as domestic water use) •Annual Irradiation: DNI(*1) 2,500 kWh/m2, GHI (*2) 2,200 kWh/m2 •Plant availability: 90% •Operation period: 20 years •Inflation rate: 2.0% •Cost index: Based on year 2010 •Overnight investment •All the utilities except for sea water are self-sufficient •Costs of TE modules are estimated as mass–produced items. (*1)DNI: Direct normal irradiation (*2)GHI: Global horizontal irradiation
16
Estimation of Water Production Cost [$/ton]
Most of operating cost is for the steam turbine cycle.
1.4 1.2 1 Operating Cost
0.8
About half of capital cost is for the electricity storage.
0.6 Capital Cost
0.4 0.2 0
CSP+TE+ MED+RO
PV+RO
CSP+ST+ CSP+ST+ RO MED+RO
The water production system of our concept will be more cost-competitive than other systems. 17
5. Conclusions •Solar powered desalination is one of the best solutions to supply water sustainably. •This system features easy operation, less maintenance, and low cost for day-and-night operation. •This system will become more cost-competitive than other systems of solar powered desalination.
18
“Energy”, “Environment”, “Engineering” for the Quality of Human Life
Thank you !
Yuji Saito [email protected] 19
References
20
Prospect of TE Module Electricity Generation Cost Elec. generation cost($/W)
20 18
Existing technology scenario
16
14コマツモジュール ＄1/W
12 10
Improved technology scenario
8 6 4 2 0
10
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
Annual Production of TE Modules
1 module: 24W(280C-30C), 25cm2(50cmx5cm)
21
Advantage-3. High Water Quality Multi Effect Distillation, MED
Higher quality water production (TDS(*1) ≈ 5mg/l)
Reverse Osmosis, RO
TDS(*1) ≈ 500mg/l
(*1) Total Dissolved Solids
Source: The left drawing: Sasakura, brochure The right drawing: Hydrocomponents & Technologies Inc., http://www.hcti.com/sm/aboutro/aboutro.html
22
