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STUDY OF COMPOUNDS- AMMONIA LAB PREPARATION OF AMMONIA 1. FROM AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

(Pale blue) AMMONIA AS REDUCING AGENT  When ammonia is in excess: 8NH3 + 3Cl2  N2 + 6NH4Cl  When Chlorine is in excess: NH3+ 3Cl2 3HCl + NCl3

CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF AMMONIA

2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2  CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3 2. From nitrides Mg3N2+ H2O  3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3 3. Manufacture is by Haber’s process N2 + 3H2  2NH3 + heat (catalyst: finely divided iron)

IMPORTANT REACTIONS OF AQUEOUS AMMONIA 1. NH4OH + HCl NH4Cl + H2O 2. NH4OH + H2SO4 (NH4)2 SO4 + H2O 3. NH4OH + HNO3  NH4NO3 + H2O 4. NH4OH + FeCl3  3NH4Cl + Fe(OH)3↓ (reddish brown) 5. NH4OH + FeSO4  (NH4 )2 SO4 + Fe(OH)3 (dirty green) 6. NH4OH + Pb(NO3)2 NH4NO3 + Pb(OH)2 (white) 7. NH4OH+Zn(NO3)2 (NH4)2SO4 + Zn(OH)2

FOUNTAIN EXPERIMENT TO SHOW SOLUBILITY

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(white) 8. NH4OH + CuSO4 (NH4)2SO4 + Cu(OH)2

This principle is used in Ostwald’s process of nitric acid manufacture      

USES OF AMMONIA Fertilizers Explosives like ammonium nitrate Ostwald process of nitric acid manufacture Refrigerant in planes To remove grease As source of hydrogen