Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
OREGON ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
Prepared By:
Energy Resources Research laboratory Oregon State University
September 23, 2008
NOTICE This publication was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. Neither the Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness, or reliability of the research data, and conclusions reported herein, or of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. For these reasons and for the reason that the views, opinions, and conclusions contained in this material are those of the contractor.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
ii
OREGON ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
Prepared by: Philip L. Barbour Stel N. Walker, Ph.D. Energy Resources Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331
Sponsor: Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. 733 SW Oak Street, Suite 200 Portland Oregon,97205
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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1.0
SITE DESCRIPTION Site Name: Latitude: Longitude: Elevation: County: Tower Height: Types of Sensors: Instrumentation: Types of Data:
Installation Date: Data Available to:
PEAMS 50m 45-28.844 (WGS 84) 120-46.374 2217 ft. Sherman 50 meter NRG Maximum #40 wind speed NRG 200 series2 wind vane 49m (161 ft.) – Wind Speed (2), Wind Direction 40m (131 ft.) – Wind Speed 30m ( 99 ft.) – Wind Speed, Wind Direction 10 min. average wind speed (mph) 10 min. mean wind direction (deg) 10 min temperature (Deg F) Standard Deviation, maximum and minimum over 10 min. period also available for each data type. June 28, 2007 July 22, 2008
Site Location: This property is in north-central Oregon about one mile south of Gordon Ridge and roughly 3 mile west of the town of Moro. The property consists of rolling hills separated by canyons and most of the area is used as farm land. The area slopes slightly down to the north before rising to Gordon Ridge. The terrain is open and the site is well exposed. The tower location is marked on the map included in Appendix A. Project Description: The owners are interested in persuing a small community oriented wind project.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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2.0
WIND DATA PROCESSING
NRG equipment was used at this site including #40 anemometers and a Symphony data logger. Data chips were swaped out on roughly a monthly basis by a nearby land owner and sent to the ERRL. Raw NRG Symphony files were read and downloaded from the data cards. NRG Symphony software was used to read these files and produce monthly files of ten minute averages. These files were then converted to hourly averages and converted to an internal ERRL format to accommodate data checking and to perform analysis using existing programs. In this process each level/site combination is assigned a two digit site code. Theses codes are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Site codes and information for the PEAMS 50m site location. Site ID
Latitude
Longitude
Elev.
dd-mm-ss
dd-mm-ss
(ft)
PEAMS 50m
45-28-51
120-46-22
2217
161
P2
PEAMS 50m
45-28-51
120-46-22
2217
131
June 2007 - July 2008
P3
PEAMS 50m
120-46-22
2217
99
June 2007 - July 2008
P1
Site Name
45-28-51
Sensor Ht (ft)
Period of Record
June 2007 - July 2008
In addition to the filter available for use with the NRG Symphony software, data files were also scanned manually to identify any additional periods in which ice was might be present and to identify any additional problems. Several significant and sustained icing periods were detected primarily during the months of November and December 2007 and A few isolated periods were also observed in January and February and 2008.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Recovery Rate (%)
Data Recovery 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
P1 P2 P3
JUN
JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN
FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
JUL
Figure 1: Data recovery for the 3 levels of the PEAMS 50m site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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3.0
WIND CHARACTERISTICS
In the following sections, several characteristics of the winds at the Morrow County 50 m site are examined and discussed. The goals are to evaluate the characteristics that can help explain the physical processes at work at the site and to highlight the properties that are important to assessing the wind energy potential. These evaluations are done using hourly averaged means that have been constructed using the 10 minute means recorded at the site. This is done so that existing analysis programs can be used and is not expected to have any appreciable influence on the interpretation of data. Plots of various quantities are included in this section and more complete tables can be found in Appendix B. This analysis is also confined to a single annual period. This is done so that the results are not biased by the addition of data from only a single season or a portion of a year. The period analyzed here is for July 1, 2007 to June 30 2008. Monthly Means: Table 2: Monthly Mean Wind Speed Values and data recovery rates for the annual study period.
P1 (161') Rec. (%)
P2 (133') (mph)
Rec. (%)
P3 (98')
Month
(mph)
JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
17.0 15.5 15.6 11.5 11.6 15.9 14.2 14.1 14.3 14.6 16.7 17.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 88.2 89.4 95.3 98.1 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.8 15.3 15.4 11.3 11.8 15.6 13.8 13.8 14.0 14.4 16.5 17.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 74.6 89.1 94.9 98.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.2 14.8 14.9 11.0 10.9 14.8 13.0 13.2 13.4 13.6 15.7 16.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 89.3 88.7 96.9 96.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
ANN
14.9
97.5
14.8
96.4
14.1
97.6
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
(mph)
Rec. (%)
4
Diurnal Means:
Diurnal Wind Speed 25 Wind Speed (mph)
Annual 20
July
15
Jan
10 5 0 0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
Hour of Day
Figure 2: Diurnal mean wind speed values for the 49 m level of the PEAMS 50 meter Site.
Frequency Distribution:
Speed Frequency Dist. 7 PEAMS 50m
Frequency (%)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Wind Speed Category (mph) Figure 3: Wind speed frequency distribution for the 49m of the PEAMS 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Wind Rose:
PEAMS 50m 20
Wind Speed (mph)
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
CALM
Direction Category
PEAMS 50m 30
Frequency (%)
25
20
15
10
5
0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 4a-b: Frequency (%) and average wind speed (mph) for each of 16 wind direction categories from the 49m level of the PEAMS 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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JULY
JANUARY 25
20 18
PEAMS
PEAMS
20
Wind Speed (mph)
Wind Speed (mph)
16 14 12 10 8 6
15
10
5
4 2
0
0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
N
CALM
NE
E
SE
S
W
NW
CALM
JULY
JANUARY 50
18 16
45
PEAMS
PEAMS
40
14 12
Frequency (%)
Frequency (%)
SW
Direction Category
Direction Category
10 8 6 4
35 30 25 20 15 10
2
5
0
0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
N
NE
Direction Category
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 5a-d: Frequency (%) and average wind speed (mph) for each of 16 wind direction categories for the months of January and July from the 49m level of the PEAMS 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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4.0
CLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Measurements taken over a single one-year period can provide a good estimation of the winds and wind energy potential of a site. However, this is a fairly limited period and is only meaningful if we can place the period into a larger climatological context. The difficulty with this is usually finding appropriate long-term sites to base this on. For the current site there are several long-term moitoring sites in the general area. All are part of the long-term BPA wind monitoring network. These include Sevenmile Hill and Goodnoe Hills. The location and site information for these sites are shown in Table 3. The long-term normals are taken using different periods from the different sites. The wind speed departures show that the winds at both of these sites were above normal for the period between July 2007 to June 2008. Table 3: Monthly mean and departures for winds at the BPA Sevenmile Hill wind site. Sevenmile 50' Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ann
Mean (mph) 2007‐2008 22.2 20.9 19.8 11.1 9.9 11.1 11.5 13.6 15.1 16.6 21.3 23.3 16.4
Normal (mph) 1978‐2008 21.3 19.7 16.0 12.5 10.0 9.6 10.3 10.2 13.1 15.6 18.9 20.2 15.0
Sevenmile Dep (%) 4.2 6.1 23.8 ‐11.2 ‐1.0 15.6 11.7 33.3 15.3 6.4 12.7 15.3 9.1
100' Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ann
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
Mean (mph) 2007‐2008 23.2 21.7 20.7 11.7 10.4 11.8 12.1 14.1 15.7 17.2 22.1 24.5 17.1
Normal (mph) 1990‐2008 22.7 21.0 17.5 13.8 10.9 10.5 10.5 10.8 13.6 16.4 19.3 21.7 15.9
Dep (%) 2.2 3.3 18.3 ‐15.2 ‐4.6 12.4 15.2 30.6 15.4 4.9 14.5 12.9 7.5
8
Table 4: Monthly mean and departures for winds at the BPA Goodnoe Hills wind site. Goodnoe 195' Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ann
Mean (mph) 2007‐2008 17.3 16.1 16.4 13.6 11.5 15.0 14.4 15.4 16.1 16.9 16.4 18.6 15.6
Normal (mph) 1980‐2008 16.6 15.5 14.0 13.3 13.2 11.7 12.9 12.7 14.2 16.1 16.7 17.2 14.6
Dep (%) 4.2 3.9 17.1 2.3 ‐12.9 28.2 11.6 21.3 13.4 5.0 ‐1.8 8.1 7.1
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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5.0
SITE POWER CHARACTERISTICS
In order to evaluate the wind power potential at this site a number of quantities were computed using the collected wind data. As with the wind characteristics, hourly wind data was used to complete this work. The power density calculation requires air density. This is estimated assuming a standard atmosphere and the site elevation. The computed quantities include the monthly mean and recovery rate of the hourly values, the maximum one hour average, the available power, the frequency that the wind was observed within a wind speed range (12 mph to 60 mph) and the shear coefficient (alpha). These quantities are shown in Table 5 and reveal a number of things about the potential for generating energy at the site. Table 5: Observed and computed power quantities for the PEAMS 50 meter Site. Values shown are for the 49m (161 ft.) and 30m (99 ft.) levels. The last three columns are for the 49m level.
161 ft.
99 ft.
Time in Shear
Month
Mean
Recovery
Mean
Recovery
(mph)
Rate (%)
(mph)
Rate (%)
Factor
Max 1-Hr (mph)
Range
Available
(12-60)
Energy
mph (%) KWh/m**2
Jul
17.0
100.0
16.2
100.0
0.093
38.5
72.4
285
Aug
15.5
100.0
14.8
100.0
0.083
37.3
63.0
252
Sep
15.6
100.0
14.9
100.0
0.087
38.6
66.5
232
Oct
11.5
100.0
11.0
100.0
0.084
37.6
37.8
119
Nov
11.6
85.3
10.9
86.4
0.118
36.5
41.9
114
Dec
15.9
89.4
14.8
88.7
0.144
47.9
61.8
303
Jan
14.2
95.3
13.0
96.9
0.174
40.5
55.4
211
Feb
14.1
99.1
13.2
96.7
0.132
47.0
55.6
186
Mar
14.3
99.5
13.4
100.0
0.131
38.3
56.6
199
Apr
14.6
100.0
13.6
100.0
0.129
36.5
58.8
191
May
16.7
100.0
15.7
100.0
0.121
37.4
66.3
314
Jun
17.8
100.0
16.6
100.0
0.134
38.5
73.9
331
ANN
14.9
97.8
14.0
97.9
0.119
47.9
59.3
2743
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Available Energy 350 300
KWh/m**2
250 200 150 100 50 0 Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr May
Jun
Figure 6: Monthly available power for 49m level of the PEAMS 50 m site.
ENERGY ROSE 45
Norm. Available Energy (% of Annual)
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 7: Annual Energy Rose for the 49m level at the PEAMS site.
An analysis program was run to evaluate the energy that could be produced by four separate wind turbine types. To do this, an analysis program was run that adjusts the site Weibul distribution using the shear coefficient (alpha) calculated from the hourly values (from 99 ft. to 161 ft.). Density variations are approximated using the site elevation and a standard atmosphere. Four wind turbine types are shown for reference. Table 6 Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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compares the gross capacity factors for each month for the four wind turbines. Net capacity factor estimates would account for array losses, availability losses, electric line and transmission losses, yaw, turbulence, control, blade soiling, icing and high wind cycling. While these losses would be dependent upon the design of the wind farm, a general estimate is that these losses could be in the range of eleven to fifteen percent. Table 6: Gross monthly and annual capacity factors for five wind turbine types. Lower Level (99') Mean (mph)
Upper Level (165')
%
Mean (mph)
%
Vestas 80
GE 70.5
Nordex 90 Nordex 80 Souzlon 88
2000 kW
1500 kW
2300 kW
2500 kW
2000 kW
Jul
16.2
100.0
17.0
100.0
0.370
0.371
0.403
0.316
0.418
Aug
14.8
100.0
15.5
100.0
0.313
0.314
0.341
0.269
0.351
Sep
14.9
100.0
15.6
100.0
0.314
0.315
0.343
0.266
0.354
Oct
11.0
100.0
11.5
100.0
0.152
0.149
0.167
0.126
0.171
Nov
10.9
86.4
11.6
85.3
0.165
0.158
0.182
0.136
0.188
Dec
14.8
88.7
15.9
89.4
0.331
0.325
0.359
0.291
0.370
Jan
13.0
96.9
14.2
95.3
0.281
0.270
0.305
0.240
0.321
Feb
13.2
96.7
14.1
99.1
0.249
0.242
0.273
0.213
0.284
Mar
13.4
100.0
14.3
99.5
0.266
0.259
0.290
0.224
0.302
Apr
13.6
100.0
14.6
100.0
0.277
0.270
0.303
0.233
0.317
May
15.7
100.0
16.7
100.0
0.365
0.363
0.397
0.322
0.407
Jun
16.6
100.0
17.8
100.0
0.410
0.407
0.445
0.362
0.459
Ann
14.0
97.9
14.9
97.8
0.293
0.288
0.319
0.251
0.330
Hub Heights are 80m except for GE (210 ft.)
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Summary, 1)
No problems were detected in the data for this site that might hinder an interpretation of the collected data.
Some icing was detected during the
winter months and removed from the records prior to performing the analyses presented here. 2)
The measured shear coefficient between the 30 meter and 49 meter levels was 0.119 on an annual basis. This is similar to that found at other towers in the region.
3)
Winds varied some with season but not widely. Winds were strongest in the summer months but energy producing winds are possible during the windter months as well.
4)
Computed gross capacity factors for four sample wind turbine types were found in a range between 25 % and 33 %. Estimates of the net capacity factors would be somewhat lower.
5)
A comparison with wind data from a nearby long-term wind monitoring site indicated that the wind observed over the analysis period (July 2007 to June 2008) were between 7-9% above the expected long-term mean although several individual months varied significantly.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Appendix A: Topographic map of the general area in which the PEAMS 50m site is located.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Appendix B: Photographs of Site. View of 50m Tower looking south from Gordon Ridge.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Appendix C: Miscellaneous analysis Tables. STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m) WIND SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION WITH NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 7/2007 - 6/2008 NORMALIZATION PERIOD - ONE YEAR AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR PERIOD: 14.9 MPH NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY: 2748.6 KWH/M**2/YEAR TOTAL HOURS OBSERVED: 8568 SPD MPH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
HOURS/ PERIOD 0 40 103 127 180 275 311 393 416 490 443 480 452 441 410 404 375 334 304 285 283 283 240 218 208 203 152 144 135 105 83 66 43 38 27 23 10 15 9 6 5 2 0 1 1 0 3 1 1
RELFREQ 0.00 0.47 1.20 1.48 2.10 3.21 3.63 4.59 4.86 5.72 5.17 5.60 5.28 5.15 4.79 4.72 4.38 3.90 3.55 3.33 3.30 3.30 2.80 2.54 2.43 2.37 1.77 1.68 1.58 1.23 0.97 0.77 0.50 0.44 0.32 0.27 0.12 0.18 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01
CUMHRS 8568 8568 8528 8425 8298 8118 7843 7532 7139 6723 6233 5790 5310 4858 4417 4007 3603 3228 2894 2590 2305 2022 1739 1499 1281 1073 870 718 574 439 334 251 185 142 104 77 54 44 29 20 14 9 7 7 6 5 5 2 1
CUMRELFREQ 100.00 100.00 99.53 98.33 96.85 94.75 91.54 87.91 83.32 78.47 72.75 67.58 61.97 56.70 51.55 46.77 42.05 37.68 33.78 30.23 26.90 23.60 20.30 17.50 14.95 12.52 10.15 8.38 6.70 5.12 3.90 2.93 2.16 1.66 1.21 0.90 0.63 0.51 0.34 0.23 0.16 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.01
NORMALIZED AVAIL. ENERGY KWH/M**2/YEAR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.8 3.5 7.1 11.2 18.7 23.2 33.5 40.9 50.8 59.0 71.5 80.5 86.0 92.9 102.4 118.6 137.3 133.9 139.0 150.7 166.2 140.0 148.5 155.3 134.2 117.4 103.0 73.8 71.6 55.6 51.7 24.4 39.8 25.9 18.7 16.8 7.2 0.0 4.2 4.5 0.0 15.3 5.4 5.8
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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0.0 0 14.2 709
0.0 0 14.1 683
FEB 0.0 0 14.3 740
MAR 0.0 0 14.6 720
APR
0.0 0 13.8 706
0.0 0 13.8 684
FEB 0.0 0 14.0 744
MAR 0.0 0 14.4 720
APR
2007 # OBS 2008 # OBS
0.0 0 13.0 721
JAN 0.0 0 13.2 673
FEB 0.0 0 13.4 744
MAR 0.0 0 13.6 720
APR
MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 6/2007 -
0.0 0 15.7 744
MAY
7/2008
0.0 0 16.5 744
MAY
7/2008
STATION – Peams 50m (P3 – 30m)
2007 # OBS 2008 # OBS
JAN
MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 6/2007 -
0.0 0 16.7 744
MAY
7/2008
STATION – Peams 50m (P2 – 40m)
2007 # OBS 2008 # OBS
JAN
MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 6/2007 -
STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m)
13.8 73 16.6 720
JUN
14.2 73 17.6 720
JUN
14.1 74 17.8 720
JUN
16.2 744 15.2 517
JUL
16.8 744 16.0 517
JUL
17.0 744 16.2 517
JUL
14.8 744 0.0 0
AUG
15.3 744 0.0 0
AUG
15.5 744 0.0 0
AUG
14.9 720 0.0 0
SEP
15.4 720 0.0 0
SEP
15.6 720 0.0 0
SEP
11.0 744 0.0 0
OCT
11.3 744 0.0 0
OCT
11.5 744 0.0 0
OCT
10.9 643 0.0 0
NOV
11.8 537 0.0 0
NOV
11.6 635 0.0 0
NOV
14.8 660 0.0 0
DEC
15.6 663 0.0 0
DEC
15.9 665 0.0 0
DEC
13.83 14.37
4328 4839
AVG
15.14
4835
# OBS
14.47
4225
AVG
15.38
4833
# OBS
14.54
AVG
4326
# OBS
7.13
7.09
SD
7.42
7.40
SD
7.48
7.49
SD
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
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15.2 15.2 12.8 12.4 16.2 14.0 14.9 12.9 13.0 10.3 13.1 15.7
15.0 15.0 13.5 12.6 15.6 14.1 14.8 11.6 13.2 10.5 12.7 15.9
14.3 15.1 14.0 12.9 14.4 13.1 12.8 11.0 13.7 11.2 12.7 14.7
600 14.6 14.0 13.7 12.3 13.1 12.9 11.5 11.2 13.0 10.8 12.6 15.1
700
800
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400
13.6 11.8 13.7 11.7 13.4 13.0 11.8 11.3 12.4 10.2 12.8 15.3
12.9 11.7 13.3 12.3 13.7 13.6 11.6 10.7 12.8 10.2 11.8 15.5
12.6 11.5 13.0 13.6 13.4 14.8 12.2 11.3 13.2 11.3 10.7 16.1
12.5 12.1 12.9 14.7 13.6 15.2 12.8 12.6 13.9 10.9 11.8 16.2
12.5 13.0 13.7 14.9 14.8 16.5 13.5 13.8 14.6 11.0 11.6 16.8
13.3 12.7 14.6 14.9 15.6 18.1 15.4 15.3 15.4 11.2 11.8 15.5
13.3 13.5 15.1 16.5 16.5 19.8 17.2 16.1 16.4 12.6 11.9 15.2
14.0 14.0 16.2 17.5 17.9 21.1 19.1 17.6 17.6 13.9 11.0 14.9
13.2 14.8 17.6 18.2 18.7 21.8 21.0 19.0 18.3 14.8 11.7 15.4
13.5 15.0 17.3 18.3 19.1 21.8 21.2 19.6 19.2 14.5 11.3 15.9
15.2 16.9 16.5 18.2 19.0 21.4 21.3 20.4 19.2 13.7 10.4 15.4
15.3 17.6 15.8 17.5 19.2 21.7 21.6 20.5 19.7 13.8 10.1 16.7
15.8 15.9 14.9 16.6 19.9 21.8 21.4 19.9 19.1 12.0 10.5 15.7
15.2 14.4 14.0 15.6 19.6 22.8 21.0 19.5 18.2 11.1 10.3 16.9
15.1 13.9 13.5 14.0 19.0 22.2 20.8 18.2 17.2 10.7 11.9 16.3
14.7 13.3 12.8 13.8 19.0 21.0 20.9 17.2 16.3 10.4 11.2 16.2
14.8 13.6 12.9 13.5 17.7 18.6 19.7 16.5 15.5 10.6 11.2 16.4
14.6 14.4 14.1 13.8 13.7 13.3 12.9 12.6 12.5 12.8 13.3 13.9 14.5 15.4 16.3 17.1 17.3 17.4 17.6 17.0 16.6 16.1 15.6 15.1
15.1 15.5 13.6 12.5 16.3 14.8 15.6 14.8 13.5 9.7 12.4 15.8
500
AVG SPD
14.8 13.9 13.8 12.3 16.8 16.2 17.2 15.2 14.2 10.1 11.5 16.5
400
13.8 13.6 13.9 12.3 17.5 16.9 18.8 15.3 14.6 10.5 10.5 17.6
300
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
200
100
6/2008
MON
DIURNAL WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 7/2007 -
STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m)
14.9
14.2 14.1 14.3 14.6 16.7 17.8 17.0 15.5 15.6 11.5 11.6 15.9
AVG SPD
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
19
NOTE:
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW CALM TOTAL %
DIR
19 TO 22
7.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.3 1.0 2.9 2.3 0.0
22 TO 25
5.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 2.5 1.5 0.0
25 TO 28
3.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.9 0.7 0.0
28 TO 31
1.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.0
31 TO 34
0.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0
34 TO 37
0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
37 TO 40
0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
40 TO 43
0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43 TO 46
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46 TO 49
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
49 TO 52
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
52 TO 55
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
>= 55
100.0
0.9 0.9 1.1 2.9 9.8 2.6 1.3 0.6 1.6 2.5 7.1 7.9 12.0 24.6 21.5 2.7 0.0
TOTAL %
14.9
5.9 6.5 9.4 10.3 11.3 8.8 6.8 6.7 8.5 15.5 15.7 13.7 14.8 18.6 16.8 9.5
MEAN SPEED (MPH)
MEAN SPEED OF THE TOTAL IN A WIND ROSE MAY DIFFER FROM THE SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR A GIVEN PERIOD DUE TO DATA SELECTION. SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REQUIRE ONLY A WIND SPEED OBSERVATION BE PRESENT. WIND ROSES, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE BOTH SPEED AND DIRECTION BE PRESENT FOR EACH OBSERVATION.
9.8
16 TO 19
29.9 16.0 14.2 11.3
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.4 2.1 3.0 3.3 0.3
13 TO 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 3.4 3.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 2.6 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.6 2.1 3.1 3.0 0.4
10 TO 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.9 1.4 3.0 3.6 0.1
0.8 0.7 0.7 1.6 3.7 1.7 1.1 0.5 1.3 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.3 3.6 3.7 1.7
0 TO 10
SPEED CATEGORIES(MPH)
WIND ROSE FOR ALL DATA 8568 OBSERVATIONS DATA PERIOD OF RECORD - 7/2007 - 6/2008
STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m)
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
20
26.1
95.7
13.1
5.8 1.9 0.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.5
ESE
3.4
0.8 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2
SE
1.3
0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3
SSE
17.8
6.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.4 9.3
S
140.0
31.2 2.2 2.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.0 100.3
SSW
210.8
54.6 18.7 17.8 6.0 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.0 2.1 20.7 25.2 64.0
SW
162.1
27.2 32.5 17.0 8.9 0.6 12.6 0.7 0.4 2.6 25.8 15.9 17.9
WSW 15.3 46.0 72.3 85.1 215.5 175.0 121.3 111.1 116.6 31.1 23.6 36.8
WNW
320.5 1049.8
33.1 47.5 39.9 27.2 14.1 25.2 9.4 9.0 20.9 9.2 22.3 62.7
W
666.9
9.1 16.0 41.5 52.9 76.1 104.0 143.9 120.3 74.1 19.3 5.9 3.7
NW
AVAILABLE ENERGY IN AN ENERGY ROSE MAY DIFFER FROM THE SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR A GIVEN PERIOD DUE TO DATA SELECTION. SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REQUIRE ONLY A WIND SPEED OBSERVATION BE PRESENT. ENERGY ROSES, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE BOTH SPEED AND DIRECTION BE PRESENT FOR EACH OBSERVATION.
10.9
13.9 18.4 4.9 5.9 6.1 4.1 3.2 2.4 5.6 7.6 17.3 6.3
E
NOTE:
2.1
6.3 1.1 1.3 1.8 0.9 1.9 2.9 1.1 6.0 1.5 0.4 1.0
ENE
1.4
7.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.6
NE
TOT
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.1
NNE
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0
N
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MON NORM.
ENERGY ROSE (TOTALS ARE NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY (KWH/M**2) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 7/2007 - 6/2008
STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m)
20.5
0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 1.8 6.6 2.5 6.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1
NNW
2742.5
211.5 186.0 199.4 191.3 315.8 331.5 285.0 252.4 232.0 119.2 114.4 303.9
TOTAL
8567
709 683 740 720 744 720 744 744 719 744 635 665
OBS.
8760
744 672 744 720 744 720 744 744 720 744 720 744
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
Prepared By:
Energy Resources Research laboratory Oregon State University
September 23, 2008
NOTICE This publication was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. Neither the Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees make any warranty, express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness, or reliability of the research data, and conclusions reported herein, or of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. For these reasons and for the reason that the views, opinions, and conclusions contained in this material are those of the contractor.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
ii
OREGON ANEMOMETER LOAN PROGRAM
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
Prepared by: Philip L. Barbour Stel N. Walker, Ph.D. Energy Resources Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331
Sponsor: Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc. 733 SW Oak Street, Suite 200 Portland Oregon,97205
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
iii
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
iv
1.0
SITE DESCRIPTION Site Name: Latitude: Longitude: Elevation: County: Tower Height: Types of Sensors: Instrumentation: Types of Data:
Installation Date: Data Available to:
PEAMS 50m 45-28.844 (WGS 84) 120-46.374 2217 ft. Sherman 50 meter NRG Maximum #40 wind speed NRG 200 series2 wind vane 49m (161 ft.) – Wind Speed (2), Wind Direction 40m (131 ft.) – Wind Speed 30m ( 99 ft.) – Wind Speed, Wind Direction 10 min. average wind speed (mph) 10 min. mean wind direction (deg) 10 min temperature (Deg F) Standard Deviation, maximum and minimum over 10 min. period also available for each data type. June 28, 2007 July 22, 2008
Site Location: This property is in north-central Oregon about one mile south of Gordon Ridge and roughly 3 mile west of the town of Moro. The property consists of rolling hills separated by canyons and most of the area is used as farm land. The area slopes slightly down to the north before rising to Gordon Ridge. The terrain is open and the site is well exposed. The tower location is marked on the map included in Appendix A. Project Description: The owners are interested in persuing a small community oriented wind project.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
1
2.0
WIND DATA PROCESSING
NRG equipment was used at this site including #40 anemometers and a Symphony data logger. Data chips were swaped out on roughly a monthly basis by a nearby land owner and sent to the ERRL. Raw NRG Symphony files were read and downloaded from the data cards. NRG Symphony software was used to read these files and produce monthly files of ten minute averages. These files were then converted to hourly averages and converted to an internal ERRL format to accommodate data checking and to perform analysis using existing programs. In this process each level/site combination is assigned a two digit site code. Theses codes are listed in Table 1. Table 1: Site codes and information for the PEAMS 50m site location. Site ID
Latitude
Longitude
Elev.
dd-mm-ss
dd-mm-ss
(ft)
PEAMS 50m
45-28-51
120-46-22
2217
161
P2
PEAMS 50m
45-28-51
120-46-22
2217
131
June 2007 - July 2008
P3
PEAMS 50m
120-46-22
2217
99
June 2007 - July 2008
P1
Site Name
45-28-51
Sensor Ht (ft)
Period of Record
June 2007 - July 2008
In addition to the filter available for use with the NRG Symphony software, data files were also scanned manually to identify any additional periods in which ice was might be present and to identify any additional problems. Several significant and sustained icing periods were detected primarily during the months of November and December 2007 and A few isolated periods were also observed in January and February and 2008.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
2
Recovery Rate (%)
Data Recovery 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
P1 P2 P3
JUN
JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN
FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
JUL
Figure 1: Data recovery for the 3 levels of the PEAMS 50m site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
3
3.0
WIND CHARACTERISTICS
In the following sections, several characteristics of the winds at the Morrow County 50 m site are examined and discussed. The goals are to evaluate the characteristics that can help explain the physical processes at work at the site and to highlight the properties that are important to assessing the wind energy potential. These evaluations are done using hourly averaged means that have been constructed using the 10 minute means recorded at the site. This is done so that existing analysis programs can be used and is not expected to have any appreciable influence on the interpretation of data. Plots of various quantities are included in this section and more complete tables can be found in Appendix B. This analysis is also confined to a single annual period. This is done so that the results are not biased by the addition of data from only a single season or a portion of a year. The period analyzed here is for July 1, 2007 to June 30 2008. Monthly Means: Table 2: Monthly Mean Wind Speed Values and data recovery rates for the annual study period.
P1 (161') Rec. (%)
P2 (133') (mph)
Rec. (%)
P3 (98')
Month
(mph)
JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN
17.0 15.5 15.6 11.5 11.6 15.9 14.2 14.1 14.3 14.6 16.7 17.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 88.2 89.4 95.3 98.1 99.5 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.8 15.3 15.4 11.3 11.8 15.6 13.8 13.8 14.0 14.4 16.5 17.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 74.6 89.1 94.9 98.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.2 14.8 14.9 11.0 10.9 14.8 13.0 13.2 13.4 13.6 15.7 16.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 89.3 88.7 96.9 96.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
ANN
14.9
97.5
14.8
96.4
14.1
97.6
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
(mph)
Rec. (%)
4
Diurnal Means:
Diurnal Wind Speed 25 Wind Speed (mph)
Annual 20
July
15
Jan
10 5 0 0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
2400
Hour of Day
Figure 2: Diurnal mean wind speed values for the 49 m level of the PEAMS 50 meter Site.
Frequency Distribution:
Speed Frequency Dist. 7 PEAMS 50m
Frequency (%)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Wind Speed Category (mph) Figure 3: Wind speed frequency distribution for the 49m of the PEAMS 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
5
Wind Rose:
PEAMS 50m 20
Wind Speed (mph)
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
CALM
Direction Category
PEAMS 50m 30
Frequency (%)
25
20
15
10
5
0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 4a-b: Frequency (%) and average wind speed (mph) for each of 16 wind direction categories from the 49m level of the PEAMS 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
6
JULY
JANUARY 25
20 18
PEAMS
PEAMS
20
Wind Speed (mph)
Wind Speed (mph)
16 14 12 10 8 6
15
10
5
4 2
0
0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
N
CALM
NE
E
SE
S
W
NW
CALM
JULY
JANUARY 50
18 16
45
PEAMS
PEAMS
40
14 12
Frequency (%)
Frequency (%)
SW
Direction Category
Direction Category
10 8 6 4
35 30 25 20 15 10
2
5
0
0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
N
NE
Direction Category
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 5a-d: Frequency (%) and average wind speed (mph) for each of 16 wind direction categories for the months of January and July from the 49m level of the PEAMS 50 meter Site.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
7
4.0
CLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Measurements taken over a single one-year period can provide a good estimation of the winds and wind energy potential of a site. However, this is a fairly limited period and is only meaningful if we can place the period into a larger climatological context. The difficulty with this is usually finding appropriate long-term sites to base this on. For the current site there are several long-term moitoring sites in the general area. All are part of the long-term BPA wind monitoring network. These include Sevenmile Hill and Goodnoe Hills. The location and site information for these sites are shown in Table 3. The long-term normals are taken using different periods from the different sites. The wind speed departures show that the winds at both of these sites were above normal for the period between July 2007 to June 2008. Table 3: Monthly mean and departures for winds at the BPA Sevenmile Hill wind site. Sevenmile 50' Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ann
Mean (mph) 2007‐2008 22.2 20.9 19.8 11.1 9.9 11.1 11.5 13.6 15.1 16.6 21.3 23.3 16.4
Normal (mph) 1978‐2008 21.3 19.7 16.0 12.5 10.0 9.6 10.3 10.2 13.1 15.6 18.9 20.2 15.0
Sevenmile Dep (%) 4.2 6.1 23.8 ‐11.2 ‐1.0 15.6 11.7 33.3 15.3 6.4 12.7 15.3 9.1
100' Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ann
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
Mean (mph) 2007‐2008 23.2 21.7 20.7 11.7 10.4 11.8 12.1 14.1 15.7 17.2 22.1 24.5 17.1
Normal (mph) 1990‐2008 22.7 21.0 17.5 13.8 10.9 10.5 10.5 10.8 13.6 16.4 19.3 21.7 15.9
Dep (%) 2.2 3.3 18.3 ‐15.2 ‐4.6 12.4 15.2 30.6 15.4 4.9 14.5 12.9 7.5
8
Table 4: Monthly mean and departures for winds at the BPA Goodnoe Hills wind site. Goodnoe 195' Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ann
Mean (mph) 2007‐2008 17.3 16.1 16.4 13.6 11.5 15.0 14.4 15.4 16.1 16.9 16.4 18.6 15.6
Normal (mph) 1980‐2008 16.6 15.5 14.0 13.3 13.2 11.7 12.9 12.7 14.2 16.1 16.7 17.2 14.6
Dep (%) 4.2 3.9 17.1 2.3 ‐12.9 28.2 11.6 21.3 13.4 5.0 ‐1.8 8.1 7.1
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
9
5.0
SITE POWER CHARACTERISTICS
In order to evaluate the wind power potential at this site a number of quantities were computed using the collected wind data. As with the wind characteristics, hourly wind data was used to complete this work. The power density calculation requires air density. This is estimated assuming a standard atmosphere and the site elevation. The computed quantities include the monthly mean and recovery rate of the hourly values, the maximum one hour average, the available power, the frequency that the wind was observed within a wind speed range (12 mph to 60 mph) and the shear coefficient (alpha). These quantities are shown in Table 5 and reveal a number of things about the potential for generating energy at the site. Table 5: Observed and computed power quantities for the PEAMS 50 meter Site. Values shown are for the 49m (161 ft.) and 30m (99 ft.) levels. The last three columns are for the 49m level.
161 ft.
99 ft.
Time in Shear
Month
Mean
Recovery
Mean
Recovery
(mph)
Rate (%)
(mph)
Rate (%)
Factor
Max 1-Hr (mph)
Range
Available
(12-60)
Energy
mph (%) KWh/m**2
Jul
17.0
100.0
16.2
100.0
0.093
38.5
72.4
285
Aug
15.5
100.0
14.8
100.0
0.083
37.3
63.0
252
Sep
15.6
100.0
14.9
100.0
0.087
38.6
66.5
232
Oct
11.5
100.0
11.0
100.0
0.084
37.6
37.8
119
Nov
11.6
85.3
10.9
86.4
0.118
36.5
41.9
114
Dec
15.9
89.4
14.8
88.7
0.144
47.9
61.8
303
Jan
14.2
95.3
13.0
96.9
0.174
40.5
55.4
211
Feb
14.1
99.1
13.2
96.7
0.132
47.0
55.6
186
Mar
14.3
99.5
13.4
100.0
0.131
38.3
56.6
199
Apr
14.6
100.0
13.6
100.0
0.129
36.5
58.8
191
May
16.7
100.0
15.7
100.0
0.121
37.4
66.3
314
Jun
17.8
100.0
16.6
100.0
0.134
38.5
73.9
331
ANN
14.9
97.8
14.0
97.9
0.119
47.9
59.3
2743
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
10
Available Energy 350 300
KWh/m**2
250 200 150 100 50 0 Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov Dec
Jan
Feb Mar
Apr May
Jun
Figure 6: Monthly available power for 49m level of the PEAMS 50 m site.
ENERGY ROSE 45
Norm. Available Energy (% of Annual)
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 N
NE
E
SE
S
SW
W
NW
Direction Category
Figure 7: Annual Energy Rose for the 49m level at the PEAMS site.
An analysis program was run to evaluate the energy that could be produced by four separate wind turbine types. To do this, an analysis program was run that adjusts the site Weibul distribution using the shear coefficient (alpha) calculated from the hourly values (from 99 ft. to 161 ft.). Density variations are approximated using the site elevation and a standard atmosphere. Four wind turbine types are shown for reference. Table 6 Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
11
compares the gross capacity factors for each month for the four wind turbines. Net capacity factor estimates would account for array losses, availability losses, electric line and transmission losses, yaw, turbulence, control, blade soiling, icing and high wind cycling. While these losses would be dependent upon the design of the wind farm, a general estimate is that these losses could be in the range of eleven to fifteen percent. Table 6: Gross monthly and annual capacity factors for five wind turbine types. Lower Level (99') Mean (mph)
Upper Level (165')
%
Mean (mph)
%
Vestas 80
GE 70.5
Nordex 90 Nordex 80 Souzlon 88
2000 kW
1500 kW
2300 kW
2500 kW
2000 kW
Jul
16.2
100.0
17.0
100.0
0.370
0.371
0.403
0.316
0.418
Aug
14.8
100.0
15.5
100.0
0.313
0.314
0.341
0.269
0.351
Sep
14.9
100.0
15.6
100.0
0.314
0.315
0.343
0.266
0.354
Oct
11.0
100.0
11.5
100.0
0.152
0.149
0.167
0.126
0.171
Nov
10.9
86.4
11.6
85.3
0.165
0.158
0.182
0.136
0.188
Dec
14.8
88.7
15.9
89.4
0.331
0.325
0.359
0.291
0.370
Jan
13.0
96.9
14.2
95.3
0.281
0.270
0.305
0.240
0.321
Feb
13.2
96.7
14.1
99.1
0.249
0.242
0.273
0.213
0.284
Mar
13.4
100.0
14.3
99.5
0.266
0.259
0.290
0.224
0.302
Apr
13.6
100.0
14.6
100.0
0.277
0.270
0.303
0.233
0.317
May
15.7
100.0
16.7
100.0
0.365
0.363
0.397
0.322
0.407
Jun
16.6
100.0
17.8
100.0
0.410
0.407
0.445
0.362
0.459
Ann
14.0
97.9
14.9
97.8
0.293
0.288
0.319
0.251
0.330
Hub Heights are 80m except for GE (210 ft.)
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
12
Summary, 1)
No problems were detected in the data for this site that might hinder an interpretation of the collected data.
Some icing was detected during the
winter months and removed from the records prior to performing the analyses presented here. 2)
The measured shear coefficient between the 30 meter and 49 meter levels was 0.119 on an annual basis. This is similar to that found at other towers in the region.
3)
Winds varied some with season but not widely. Winds were strongest in the summer months but energy producing winds are possible during the windter months as well.
4)
Computed gross capacity factors for four sample wind turbine types were found in a range between 25 % and 33 %. Estimates of the net capacity factors would be somewhat lower.
5)
A comparison with wind data from a nearby long-term wind monitoring site indicated that the wind observed over the analysis period (July 2007 to June 2008) were between 7-9% above the expected long-term mean although several individual months varied significantly.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
13
Appendix A: Topographic map of the general area in which the PEAMS 50m site is located.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
14
Appendix B: Photographs of Site. View of 50m Tower looking south from Gordon Ridge.
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
15
Appendix C: Miscellaneous analysis Tables. STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m) WIND SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION WITH NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 7/2007 - 6/2008 NORMALIZATION PERIOD - ONE YEAR AVERAGE WIND SPEED FOR PERIOD: 14.9 MPH NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY: 2748.6 KWH/M**2/YEAR TOTAL HOURS OBSERVED: 8568 SPD MPH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
HOURS/ PERIOD 0 40 103 127 180 275 311 393 416 490 443 480 452 441 410 404 375 334 304 285 283 283 240 218 208 203 152 144 135 105 83 66 43 38 27 23 10 15 9 6 5 2 0 1 1 0 3 1 1
RELFREQ 0.00 0.47 1.20 1.48 2.10 3.21 3.63 4.59 4.86 5.72 5.17 5.60 5.28 5.15 4.79 4.72 4.38 3.90 3.55 3.33 3.30 3.30 2.80 2.54 2.43 2.37 1.77 1.68 1.58 1.23 0.97 0.77 0.50 0.44 0.32 0.27 0.12 0.18 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01
CUMHRS 8568 8568 8528 8425 8298 8118 7843 7532 7139 6723 6233 5790 5310 4858 4417 4007 3603 3228 2894 2590 2305 2022 1739 1499 1281 1073 870 718 574 439 334 251 185 142 104 77 54 44 29 20 14 9 7 7 6 5 5 2 1
CUMRELFREQ 100.00 100.00 99.53 98.33 96.85 94.75 91.54 87.91 83.32 78.47 72.75 67.58 61.97 56.70 51.55 46.77 42.05 37.68 33.78 30.23 26.90 23.60 20.30 17.50 14.95 12.52 10.15 8.38 6.70 5.12 3.90 2.93 2.16 1.66 1.21 0.90 0.63 0.51 0.34 0.23 0.16 0.11 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.01
NORMALIZED AVAIL. ENERGY KWH/M**2/YEAR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.8 3.5 7.1 11.2 18.7 23.2 33.5 40.9 50.8 59.0 71.5 80.5 86.0 92.9 102.4 118.6 137.3 133.9 139.0 150.7 166.2 140.0 148.5 155.3 134.2 117.4 103.0 73.8 71.6 55.6 51.7 24.4 39.8 25.9 18.7 16.8 7.2 0.0 4.2 4.5 0.0 15.3 5.4 5.8
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
16
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
17
0.0 0 14.2 709
0.0 0 14.1 683
FEB 0.0 0 14.3 740
MAR 0.0 0 14.6 720
APR
0.0 0 13.8 706
0.0 0 13.8 684
FEB 0.0 0 14.0 744
MAR 0.0 0 14.4 720
APR
2007 # OBS 2008 # OBS
0.0 0 13.0 721
JAN 0.0 0 13.2 673
FEB 0.0 0 13.4 744
MAR 0.0 0 13.6 720
APR
MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 6/2007 -
0.0 0 15.7 744
MAY
7/2008
0.0 0 16.5 744
MAY
7/2008
STATION – Peams 50m (P3 – 30m)
2007 # OBS 2008 # OBS
JAN
MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 6/2007 -
0.0 0 16.7 744
MAY
7/2008
STATION – Peams 50m (P2 – 40m)
2007 # OBS 2008 # OBS
JAN
MONTHLY WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 6/2007 -
STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m)
13.8 73 16.6 720
JUN
14.2 73 17.6 720
JUN
14.1 74 17.8 720
JUN
16.2 744 15.2 517
JUL
16.8 744 16.0 517
JUL
17.0 744 16.2 517
JUL
14.8 744 0.0 0
AUG
15.3 744 0.0 0
AUG
15.5 744 0.0 0
AUG
14.9 720 0.0 0
SEP
15.4 720 0.0 0
SEP
15.6 720 0.0 0
SEP
11.0 744 0.0 0
OCT
11.3 744 0.0 0
OCT
11.5 744 0.0 0
OCT
10.9 643 0.0 0
NOV
11.8 537 0.0 0
NOV
11.6 635 0.0 0
NOV
14.8 660 0.0 0
DEC
15.6 663 0.0 0
DEC
15.9 665 0.0 0
DEC
13.83 14.37
4328 4839
AVG
15.14
4835
# OBS
14.47
4225
AVG
15.38
4833
# OBS
14.54
AVG
4326
# OBS
7.13
7.09
SD
7.42
7.40
SD
7.48
7.49
SD
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
18
15.2 15.2 12.8 12.4 16.2 14.0 14.9 12.9 13.0 10.3 13.1 15.7
15.0 15.0 13.5 12.6 15.6 14.1 14.8 11.6 13.2 10.5 12.7 15.9
14.3 15.1 14.0 12.9 14.4 13.1 12.8 11.0 13.7 11.2 12.7 14.7
600 14.6 14.0 13.7 12.3 13.1 12.9 11.5 11.2 13.0 10.8 12.6 15.1
700
800
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400
13.6 11.8 13.7 11.7 13.4 13.0 11.8 11.3 12.4 10.2 12.8 15.3
12.9 11.7 13.3 12.3 13.7 13.6 11.6 10.7 12.8 10.2 11.8 15.5
12.6 11.5 13.0 13.6 13.4 14.8 12.2 11.3 13.2 11.3 10.7 16.1
12.5 12.1 12.9 14.7 13.6 15.2 12.8 12.6 13.9 10.9 11.8 16.2
12.5 13.0 13.7 14.9 14.8 16.5 13.5 13.8 14.6 11.0 11.6 16.8
13.3 12.7 14.6 14.9 15.6 18.1 15.4 15.3 15.4 11.2 11.8 15.5
13.3 13.5 15.1 16.5 16.5 19.8 17.2 16.1 16.4 12.6 11.9 15.2
14.0 14.0 16.2 17.5 17.9 21.1 19.1 17.6 17.6 13.9 11.0 14.9
13.2 14.8 17.6 18.2 18.7 21.8 21.0 19.0 18.3 14.8 11.7 15.4
13.5 15.0 17.3 18.3 19.1 21.8 21.2 19.6 19.2 14.5 11.3 15.9
15.2 16.9 16.5 18.2 19.0 21.4 21.3 20.4 19.2 13.7 10.4 15.4
15.3 17.6 15.8 17.5 19.2 21.7 21.6 20.5 19.7 13.8 10.1 16.7
15.8 15.9 14.9 16.6 19.9 21.8 21.4 19.9 19.1 12.0 10.5 15.7
15.2 14.4 14.0 15.6 19.6 22.8 21.0 19.5 18.2 11.1 10.3 16.9
15.1 13.9 13.5 14.0 19.0 22.2 20.8 18.2 17.2 10.7 11.9 16.3
14.7 13.3 12.8 13.8 19.0 21.0 20.9 17.2 16.3 10.4 11.2 16.2
14.8 13.6 12.9 13.5 17.7 18.6 19.7 16.5 15.5 10.6 11.2 16.4
14.6 14.4 14.1 13.8 13.7 13.3 12.9 12.6 12.5 12.8 13.3 13.9 14.5 15.4 16.3 17.1 17.3 17.4 17.6 17.0 16.6 16.1 15.6 15.1
15.1 15.5 13.6 12.5 16.3 14.8 15.6 14.8 13.5 9.7 12.4 15.8
500
AVG SPD
14.8 13.9 13.8 12.3 16.8 16.2 17.2 15.2 14.2 10.1 11.5 16.5
400
13.8 13.6 13.9 12.3 17.5 16.9 18.8 15.3 14.6 10.5 10.5 17.6
300
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
200
100
6/2008
MON
DIURNAL WIND SPEEDS (MPH) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 7/2007 -
STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m)
14.9
14.2 14.1 14.3 14.6 16.7 17.8 17.0 15.5 15.6 11.5 11.6 15.9
AVG SPD
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
19
NOTE:
N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW CALM TOTAL %
DIR
19 TO 22
7.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 0.3 1.0 2.9 2.3 0.0
22 TO 25
5.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 2.5 1.5 0.0
25 TO 28
3.4
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.9 0.7 0.0
28 TO 31
1.5
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.0
31 TO 34
0.6
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0
34 TO 37
0.3
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
37 TO 40
0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
40 TO 43
0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
43 TO 46
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46 TO 49
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
49 TO 52
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
52 TO 55
0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
>= 55
100.0
0.9 0.9 1.1 2.9 9.8 2.6 1.3 0.6 1.6 2.5 7.1 7.9 12.0 24.6 21.5 2.7 0.0
TOTAL %
14.9
5.9 6.5 9.4 10.3 11.3 8.8 6.8 6.7 8.5 15.5 15.7 13.7 14.8 18.6 16.8 9.5
MEAN SPEED (MPH)
MEAN SPEED OF THE TOTAL IN A WIND ROSE MAY DIFFER FROM THE SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR A GIVEN PERIOD DUE TO DATA SELECTION. SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REQUIRE ONLY A WIND SPEED OBSERVATION BE PRESENT. WIND ROSES, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE BOTH SPEED AND DIRECTION BE PRESENT FOR EACH OBSERVATION.
9.8
16 TO 19
29.9 16.0 14.2 11.3
0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 2.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.4 2.1 3.0 3.3 0.3
13 TO 16 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 3.4 3.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 2.6 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.6 2.1 3.1 3.0 0.4
10 TO 13 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.9 1.4 3.0 3.6 0.1
0.8 0.7 0.7 1.6 3.7 1.7 1.1 0.5 1.3 1.2 1.8 2.4 3.3 3.6 3.7 1.7
0 TO 10
SPEED CATEGORIES(MPH)
WIND ROSE FOR ALL DATA 8568 OBSERVATIONS DATA PERIOD OF RECORD - 7/2007 - 6/2008
STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m)
Wind Resource Evaluation: PEAMS 50m Tower Site
20
26.1
95.7
13.1
5.8 1.9 0.5 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.5
ESE
3.4
0.8 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2
SE
1.3
0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3
SSE
17.8
6.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.4 9.3
S
140.0
31.2 2.2 2.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.0 100.3
SSW
210.8
54.6 18.7 17.8 6.0 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.0 2.1 20.7 25.2 64.0
SW
162.1
27.2 32.5 17.0 8.9 0.6 12.6 0.7 0.4 2.6 25.8 15.9 17.9
WSW 15.3 46.0 72.3 85.1 215.5 175.0 121.3 111.1 116.6 31.1 23.6 36.8
WNW
320.5 1049.8
33.1 47.5 39.9 27.2 14.1 25.2 9.4 9.0 20.9 9.2 22.3 62.7
W
666.9
9.1 16.0 41.5 52.9 76.1 104.0 143.9 120.3 74.1 19.3 5.9 3.7
NW
AVAILABLE ENERGY IN AN ENERGY ROSE MAY DIFFER FROM THE SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION FOR A GIVEN PERIOD DUE TO DATA SELECTION. SPEED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS REQUIRE ONLY A WIND SPEED OBSERVATION BE PRESENT. ENERGY ROSES, ON THE OTHER HAND, REQUIRE BOTH SPEED AND DIRECTION BE PRESENT FOR EACH OBSERVATION.
10.9
13.9 18.4 4.9 5.9 6.1 4.1 3.2 2.4 5.6 7.6 17.3 6.3
E
NOTE:
2.1
6.3 1.1 1.3 1.8 0.9 1.9 2.9 1.1 6.0 1.5 0.4 1.0
ENE
1.4
7.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.6
NE
TOT
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.1
NNE
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0
N
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MON NORM.
ENERGY ROSE (TOTALS ARE NORMALIZED AVAILABLE ENERGY (KWH/M**2) DATA PERIOD OF RECORD 7/2007 - 6/2008
STATION – Peams 50m (P1 – 49m)
20.5
0.1 0.1 0.4 0.8 1.8 6.6 2.5 6.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1
NNW
2742.5
211.5 186.0 199.4 191.3 315.8 331.5 285.0 252.4 232.0 119.2 114.4 303.9
TOTAL
8567
709 683 740 720 744 720 744 744 719 744 635 665
OBS.
8760
744 672 744 720 744 720 744 744 720 744 720 744
