IL5 SpanishPower
1
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47
Paso Uno Pronunciation
Please play your audio marked Lesson Five - Intermediate Pronunciation. AUDIO
¡Necesitas abrir la boca y hablar con pasión!
el documento
el champú
oler
el inventario
la crema de afeitar
controlar
la bolsa
el cepillo de dientes
crecer
el balde
la pasta dental
prometer
los guantes
la agencia de viajes
negociar
el basurero
el otoño
corregir
la bolsa de basura
las estaciones
llover
el lavaplatos
la primavera
nevar
la secadora
el verano
ambos
la lavadora
el invierno
tarde
el desodorante
freír
demasiado / tanto
el maquillaje
envolver
temprano
¡Sí, terminé de pronunciar las palabras con vida y pasión!
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
48
Paso Dos
Vocabulary Building Favor de usar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Cuatro y practicar con las palabras 10 veces. CARDS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Terminé de usar las Tarjetas de Retención 10 veces por cada palabra.
Paso Tres Sentence Structure
Please play your audio marked Lesson Five - Intermediate Instruction 1. AUDIO
Follow the instructions that are given to you on the audio by Ricardo.
Expressing Things That“Used To” Happen Today’s pattern is one that couples use when they are a little discontent with each other. Do you remember those days when your spouse used to do all the little things that made you fall in love at the beginning of your relationship? Have you ever thought... "You used to do that for me." or "You never used to do that." We're going to learn how to use verbs to say, "used to."
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49
Tag the following endings to the root of any “ar” verb.
Person Ending yo aba tú abas
TIP
usted, él or ella
aba
nosotros
ábamos
ustedes, ellos or ellas
aban
Do you see anything you recognize here? I sure hope that you notice the endings that we've spent so much time learning. Actually, you've seen this "aba" ending in another pattern. You will remember this pattern... estaba ________ando estabas ________ando estaba ________ando estábamos ________ando estaban ________ando You remember, right? Well, "estar" was using these same endings to form a different pattern. Right now, we're simply going to leverage those same endings you already learned, and tag them on the end of "ar" verbs to form the use of "used to." Vamos a ver unos ejemplos amigo.
I used to wash my car. POR EJEMPLO
Yo lavaba mi carro.
Mónica used to love him.
Mónica lo amaba.
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50
You used to walk in the park.
Tú caminabas en el parque.
Muy bien (very well), now you've seen the endings to form "used to" with the "ar" verbs. Let's check in on those wonderful "er" and "ir" verbs. You've already seen these same exact endings in another pattern. See if you can remember which pattern. Here they are... Person Ending yo ía tú ías usted, él or ella
ía
nosotros
íamos
ustedes, ellos or ellas
ían
Did you remember the pattern where you've seen these endings? That's right, the conditional to form "would." Remember, "yo comería, tú comerías," etc. Yes, they are the exact same endings. Here's the difference; to form the conditional you put the endings at the end of the full verb; to form this usage ("used to") you put the endings after the root of any "er" or "ir" verb. It works like this...
POR EJEMPLO
I used to eat a lot.
Yo comía mucho.
Manuel used to read at the library. biblioteca.
Manuel leía en la
We used to sell computers. Nosotros vendíamos computadoras. You use this pattern when... TIP
1. You want to express the idea or concept of "used to..."
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51
2. You are talking about an action that happened for a period of time in the past while something else was taking place. Let’s focus on what I just said in the second point because I didn’t say that before. The reason that I didn’t say it before is that I wanted to establish the use of “used to” for this pattern since it is not taught clearly in most books. Remember, if you're talking about something that happened in the past while something else was taking place you use this pattern. Here are a few examples... I lived in Puerto Rico when my grandfather sold chickens. POR EJEMPLO
Yo vivía en Puerto Rico cuando mi abuelo vendía pollos. Don Pablo sold chickens while the other salespeople talked. Don Pablo vendía pollos mientras los otros vendedores hablaban. ("Don" is a term of respect that is put before the name of an older man. If you're talking about an older lady, it is "Doña.")
CULTURAL TIP
TIP
Again, use this pattern when... • You want to communicate “used to.” • You want to express something that happened in the past while something else was happening. If you're expressing something that happened in the past, and you're not expressing that thought in the context of "used to" or "when something else was happening," use the simple past pattern. That's the one that ends in "él," "aste," "’ó," "amos," or "aron" that you learned way back "en el Nivel Básico." I bought a book yesterday.
POR EJEMPLO
Yo compré un libro ayer.
Uncle Luis sold 80,000 chickens last week.
Tío Luis vendió ochenta mil pollos la semana pasada.
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52
Most action words are very well behaved in this particular pattern. There is, however, one notable exception that I need to bring to your attention. The action word “ser.” Yes, the world’s most important rebellious verb just rebelled again!
If normal Being rebellious sía era sías eras sía era síamos
éramos
sían eran
Let’s take a few examples with the action word “ser” in this pattern. POR EJEMPLO
TIP
I used to be a supervisor
Yo era supervisor.
María used to be a lawyer.
María era abogada.
We used to be teachers.
Nosotros éramos maestros.
You can see another interesting thing in these last three sentences. When you use any form of the verb "ser" to describe your vocational position or title you do not use an article. You don't say "Yo soy un maestro," you say "Yo soy maestro." So, if someone asks you, "¡Qué hace usted para ganarse la vida?" (What do you do to make a living?) You would answer "Yo soy ________," and say your title or profession in the blank. Now, if you’re talking about a particular person doing a particular thing then you would use an article. Like this.. Ella era la abogada que estaba hablando con el policía.
POR EJEMPLO
Yo era el maestro que estaba enseñando español en la escuela.
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53
“Sobre” and “De” Before a Verb In English there is a construction that is quite useful and I want to show you how to do the same thing in Spanish. This is very simple, but very powerful! Things like:
I want to talk about walking.
We are going to eat before going.
They want to watch television after playing.
In this "fenómeno" (phenomenon) in English, you use an action word ending with "ing" after a preposition. The most common prepositions we use to do this are... about sobre before antes de after después de
In Spanish we simply use a full verb after any of these prepositions rather than using "ando" or “iendo” for an "ing" ending. It looks like this... TIP
I want to talk about walking.
Yo quiero hablar sobre caminar.
Notice that we don't say, "Yo quiero hablar sobre caminando."
We are going to eat before playing.
Vamos a comer antes de jugar.
Notice that we don't say, "Vamos a comer antes de jugando."
They want to watch television after practicing.
Ellos quieren mirar televisión después de practicar.
We don't say, "Ellos quieren mirar televisión después de practicando."
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54
“Terminar de” The principle that you learned above also works with the verb “terminar.” When you have the verb “terminar” followed by another verb you need to add “de” after the verb “terminar.” If I say “yo terminé de trabajar,” I would be saying “I finished working.” Let me give you a few examples here, so that you can see what I mean.
They finished cooking. POR EJEMPLO
Ellos terminaron de cocinar. The supervisor finished washing.
La supervisora terminó de lavar.
Teresa is going to finish cooking at five.
Teresa va a terminar de cocinar a las cinco.
You finished listening to this lesson. Tú terminaste de escuchar esta lección. La lección terminó y tú necesitas leerla tres veces más ahora.
Sí, la leí tres veces.
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55
Paso Cuatro Writing and Revision
Necesitas hacer los ejercicios de escribir ahora. Escribe cinco ejercicios y revisa esos cinco. WRITING
1. His partner used to talk a lot before signing a contract. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. We used to have the same last name, but we were not brothers. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Carlos used to pay attention with a smile when his grandfather talked (used to talk). ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Everybody used to be upset at those conferences. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. That girl used to have a smile on her face after hugging her grandmother. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. They used to remember the meaning of their friendship. ______________________________________________________________________ 7. You (tú) used to think that it was (used to be) very difficult to show those products. ______________________________________________________________________ 8. That salesperson used to leave (from) that place after asking for soup and a potato every day. __________________________________________________________________________ 9. My partner used to choose new toys to (in order to) take them to his cousin. __________________________________________________________________________ 10. When I was (used to be) little my grandfather used to give me cookies. __________________________________________________________________________
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56
11. Did his cousin (used to) show buildings to people in that city? __________________________________________________________________________ 12. Did the partners (used to) pay attention when the manager (used to) explained how to adjust the budget? __________________________________________________________________________ 13. Did María (used to) show you (ustedes) how to do exercises every week? __________________________________________________________________________ 14. When did you (ustedes) (used to) go out with those tellers? __________________________________________________________________________ 15. Where did she (used to) eat when she attended the conferences in Minnesota? __________________________________________________________________________ 16. Did that cat and that dog (used to) play at the bus station? __________________________________________________________________________ 17. Did the waiter (used to) fly to Mexico City with the tips that he (used to) made at the restaurant? __________________________________________________________________________ 18. Did our cousins (used to) know a lot of people in the cities where they (used to) traveled? __________________________________________________________________________ 19. Did the salesperson (used to) describe the furniture to his clients all the time? __________________________________________________________________________ 20. Did you (ustedes) (used to) use that car to (in order to) go to the school in the afternoons? __________________________________________________________________________ 21. ¿Fracasaban ellos en el trabajo y en la vida por tomar mucha cerveza? Sí,... ___________________________________________________________________________
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57
22. ¿Quién hacía ejercicios después de correr en la mañana? (todo el mundo) __________________________________________________________________ 23. ¿Conocías a ese hombre que estaba en la fiesta de cumpleaños? No,... __________________________________________________________________ 24. ¿Quién hacía más preguntas en las conferencias de vendedores? (Ramón) __________________________________________________________________ 25. ¿Le daba la prima abrazos a los nietos de Rosa? Sí,... __________________________________________________________________ 26. ¿Cuándo apagaban las máquinas en esa fábrica? (los viernes) __________________________________________________________________ 27. ¿Quién usaba las computadoras para hacer los depósitos en el banco? (los jefes) __________________________________________________________________ 28. ¿Quién sabía cómo usar esa máquina para recibir mensajes? (Susana) __________________________________________________________________ 29. ¿Le ponía atención el esposo a su esposa el día del aniversario? Sí,... __________________________________________________________________ 30. ¿Necesitaban ustedes transporte para ir al edificio donde hacían las ventas? No,... __________________________________________________________________
Sí, los terminé (“los” refers to “los ejercicios.”)
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58
Paso Cinco
Vocabulary Reinforcement Favor de hacer lo siguiente...
CARDS
• Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Cinco cinco veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Cuatro cuatro veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Tres tres veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Dos dos veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Uno una vez. Puedes dejar las palabras de la Lección Doce del Nivel Básico. Cuando estás revisando las palabras necesitas actuar con las palabras, abrir la boca, y hablar con pasión. Please check off each repetition that you do. Leccion Cinco: Lección Cuatro: Lección Tres: Lección Dos : Lección Uno :
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Sí, terminé exitosamente con el Paso Cinco.
Paso Seis Paced Reading
Please play your audio marked Lesson Five - Intermediate Paced Reading 1 Follow the instructions on the audio. AUDIO
¡Como siempre (as always,) necesitas seguir a tu instructor una a dos sílabas atrás, y hablar con vida y pasión!
Sí, terminé de hacer el Paced Reading para esta lección.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
47
Paso Uno Pronunciation
Please play your audio marked Lesson Five - Intermediate Pronunciation. AUDIO
¡Necesitas abrir la boca y hablar con pasión!
el documento
el champú
oler
el inventario
la crema de afeitar
controlar
la bolsa
el cepillo de dientes
crecer
el balde
la pasta dental
prometer
los guantes
la agencia de viajes
negociar
el basurero
el otoño
corregir
la bolsa de basura
las estaciones
llover
el lavaplatos
la primavera
nevar
la secadora
el verano
ambos
la lavadora
el invierno
tarde
el desodorante
freír
demasiado / tanto
el maquillaje
envolver
temprano
¡Sí, terminé de pronunciar las palabras con vida y pasión!
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
48
Paso Dos
Vocabulary Building Favor de usar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Cuatro y practicar con las palabras 10 veces. CARDS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Terminé de usar las Tarjetas de Retención 10 veces por cada palabra.
Paso Tres Sentence Structure
Please play your audio marked Lesson Five - Intermediate Instruction 1. AUDIO
Follow the instructions that are given to you on the audio by Ricardo.
Expressing Things That“Used To” Happen Today’s pattern is one that couples use when they are a little discontent with each other. Do you remember those days when your spouse used to do all the little things that made you fall in love at the beginning of your relationship? Have you ever thought... "You used to do that for me." or "You never used to do that." We're going to learn how to use verbs to say, "used to."
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
49
Tag the following endings to the root of any “ar” verb.
Person Ending yo aba tú abas
TIP
usted, él or ella
aba
nosotros
ábamos
ustedes, ellos or ellas
aban
Do you see anything you recognize here? I sure hope that you notice the endings that we've spent so much time learning. Actually, you've seen this "aba" ending in another pattern. You will remember this pattern... estaba ________ando estabas ________ando estaba ________ando estábamos ________ando estaban ________ando You remember, right? Well, "estar" was using these same endings to form a different pattern. Right now, we're simply going to leverage those same endings you already learned, and tag them on the end of "ar" verbs to form the use of "used to." Vamos a ver unos ejemplos amigo.
I used to wash my car. POR EJEMPLO
Yo lavaba mi carro.
Mónica used to love him.
Mónica lo amaba.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
50
You used to walk in the park.
Tú caminabas en el parque.
Muy bien (very well), now you've seen the endings to form "used to" with the "ar" verbs. Let's check in on those wonderful "er" and "ir" verbs. You've already seen these same exact endings in another pattern. See if you can remember which pattern. Here they are... Person Ending yo ía tú ías usted, él or ella
ía
nosotros
íamos
ustedes, ellos or ellas
ían
Did you remember the pattern where you've seen these endings? That's right, the conditional to form "would." Remember, "yo comería, tú comerías," etc. Yes, they are the exact same endings. Here's the difference; to form the conditional you put the endings at the end of the full verb; to form this usage ("used to") you put the endings after the root of any "er" or "ir" verb. It works like this...
POR EJEMPLO
I used to eat a lot.
Yo comía mucho.
Manuel used to read at the library. biblioteca.
Manuel leía en la
We used to sell computers. Nosotros vendíamos computadoras. You use this pattern when... TIP
1. You want to express the idea or concept of "used to..."
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
51
2. You are talking about an action that happened for a period of time in the past while something else was taking place. Let’s focus on what I just said in the second point because I didn’t say that before. The reason that I didn’t say it before is that I wanted to establish the use of “used to” for this pattern since it is not taught clearly in most books. Remember, if you're talking about something that happened in the past while something else was taking place you use this pattern. Here are a few examples... I lived in Puerto Rico when my grandfather sold chickens. POR EJEMPLO
Yo vivía en Puerto Rico cuando mi abuelo vendía pollos. Don Pablo sold chickens while the other salespeople talked. Don Pablo vendía pollos mientras los otros vendedores hablaban. ("Don" is a term of respect that is put before the name of an older man. If you're talking about an older lady, it is "Doña.")
CULTURAL TIP
TIP
Again, use this pattern when... • You want to communicate “used to.” • You want to express something that happened in the past while something else was happening. If you're expressing something that happened in the past, and you're not expressing that thought in the context of "used to" or "when something else was happening," use the simple past pattern. That's the one that ends in "él," "aste," "’ó," "amos," or "aron" that you learned way back "en el Nivel Básico." I bought a book yesterday.
POR EJEMPLO
Yo compré un libro ayer.
Uncle Luis sold 80,000 chickens last week.
Tío Luis vendió ochenta mil pollos la semana pasada.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
52
Most action words are very well behaved in this particular pattern. There is, however, one notable exception that I need to bring to your attention. The action word “ser.” Yes, the world’s most important rebellious verb just rebelled again!
If normal Being rebellious sía era sías eras sía era síamos
éramos
sían eran
Let’s take a few examples with the action word “ser” in this pattern. POR EJEMPLO
TIP
I used to be a supervisor
Yo era supervisor.
María used to be a lawyer.
María era abogada.
We used to be teachers.
Nosotros éramos maestros.
You can see another interesting thing in these last three sentences. When you use any form of the verb "ser" to describe your vocational position or title you do not use an article. You don't say "Yo soy un maestro," you say "Yo soy maestro." So, if someone asks you, "¡Qué hace usted para ganarse la vida?" (What do you do to make a living?) You would answer "Yo soy ________," and say your title or profession in the blank. Now, if you’re talking about a particular person doing a particular thing then you would use an article. Like this.. Ella era la abogada que estaba hablando con el policía.
POR EJEMPLO
Yo era el maestro que estaba enseñando español en la escuela.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
53
“Sobre” and “De” Before a Verb In English there is a construction that is quite useful and I want to show you how to do the same thing in Spanish. This is very simple, but very powerful! Things like:
I want to talk about walking.
We are going to eat before going.
They want to watch television after playing.
In this "fenómeno" (phenomenon) in English, you use an action word ending with "ing" after a preposition. The most common prepositions we use to do this are... about sobre before antes de after después de
In Spanish we simply use a full verb after any of these prepositions rather than using "ando" or “iendo” for an "ing" ending. It looks like this... TIP
I want to talk about walking.
Yo quiero hablar sobre caminar.
Notice that we don't say, "Yo quiero hablar sobre caminando."
We are going to eat before playing.
Vamos a comer antes de jugar.
Notice that we don't say, "Vamos a comer antes de jugando."
They want to watch television after practicing.
Ellos quieren mirar televisión después de practicar.
We don't say, "Ellos quieren mirar televisión después de practicando."
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
54
“Terminar de” The principle that you learned above also works with the verb “terminar.” When you have the verb “terminar” followed by another verb you need to add “de” after the verb “terminar.” If I say “yo terminé de trabajar,” I would be saying “I finished working.” Let me give you a few examples here, so that you can see what I mean.
They finished cooking. POR EJEMPLO
Ellos terminaron de cocinar. The supervisor finished washing.
La supervisora terminó de lavar.
Teresa is going to finish cooking at five.
Teresa va a terminar de cocinar a las cinco.
You finished listening to this lesson. Tú terminaste de escuchar esta lección. La lección terminó y tú necesitas leerla tres veces más ahora.
Sí, la leí tres veces.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
55
Paso Cuatro Writing and Revision
Necesitas hacer los ejercicios de escribir ahora. Escribe cinco ejercicios y revisa esos cinco. WRITING
1. His partner used to talk a lot before signing a contract. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. We used to have the same last name, but we were not brothers. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Carlos used to pay attention with a smile when his grandfather talked (used to talk). ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Everybody used to be upset at those conferences. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. That girl used to have a smile on her face after hugging her grandmother. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. They used to remember the meaning of their friendship. ______________________________________________________________________ 7. You (tú) used to think that it was (used to be) very difficult to show those products. ______________________________________________________________________ 8. That salesperson used to leave (from) that place after asking for soup and a potato every day. __________________________________________________________________________ 9. My partner used to choose new toys to (in order to) take them to his cousin. __________________________________________________________________________ 10. When I was (used to be) little my grandfather used to give me cookies. __________________________________________________________________________
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
56
11. Did his cousin (used to) show buildings to people in that city? __________________________________________________________________________ 12. Did the partners (used to) pay attention when the manager (used to) explained how to adjust the budget? __________________________________________________________________________ 13. Did María (used to) show you (ustedes) how to do exercises every week? __________________________________________________________________________ 14. When did you (ustedes) (used to) go out with those tellers? __________________________________________________________________________ 15. Where did she (used to) eat when she attended the conferences in Minnesota? __________________________________________________________________________ 16. Did that cat and that dog (used to) play at the bus station? __________________________________________________________________________ 17. Did the waiter (used to) fly to Mexico City with the tips that he (used to) made at the restaurant? __________________________________________________________________________ 18. Did our cousins (used to) know a lot of people in the cities where they (used to) traveled? __________________________________________________________________________ 19. Did the salesperson (used to) describe the furniture to his clients all the time? __________________________________________________________________________ 20. Did you (ustedes) (used to) use that car to (in order to) go to the school in the afternoons? __________________________________________________________________________ 21. ¿Fracasaban ellos en el trabajo y en la vida por tomar mucha cerveza? Sí,... ___________________________________________________________________________
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
57
22. ¿Quién hacía ejercicios después de correr en la mañana? (todo el mundo) __________________________________________________________________ 23. ¿Conocías a ese hombre que estaba en la fiesta de cumpleaños? No,... __________________________________________________________________ 24. ¿Quién hacía más preguntas en las conferencias de vendedores? (Ramón) __________________________________________________________________ 25. ¿Le daba la prima abrazos a los nietos de Rosa? Sí,... __________________________________________________________________ 26. ¿Cuándo apagaban las máquinas en esa fábrica? (los viernes) __________________________________________________________________ 27. ¿Quién usaba las computadoras para hacer los depósitos en el banco? (los jefes) __________________________________________________________________ 28. ¿Quién sabía cómo usar esa máquina para recibir mensajes? (Susana) __________________________________________________________________ 29. ¿Le ponía atención el esposo a su esposa el día del aniversario? Sí,... __________________________________________________________________ 30. ¿Necesitaban ustedes transporte para ir al edificio donde hacían las ventas? No,... __________________________________________________________________
Sí, los terminé (“los” refers to “los ejercicios.”)
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
58
Paso Cinco
Vocabulary Reinforcement Favor de hacer lo siguiente...
CARDS
• Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Cinco cinco veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Cuatro cuatro veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Tres tres veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Dos dos veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Uno una vez. Puedes dejar las palabras de la Lección Doce del Nivel Básico. Cuando estás revisando las palabras necesitas actuar con las palabras, abrir la boca, y hablar con pasión. Please check off each repetition that you do. Leccion Cinco: Lección Cuatro: Lección Tres: Lección Dos : Lección Uno :
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Sí, terminé exitosamente con el Paso Cinco.
Paso Seis Paced Reading
Please play your audio marked Lesson Five - Intermediate Paced Reading 1 Follow the instructions on the audio. AUDIO
¡Como siempre (as always,) necesitas seguir a tu instructor una a dos sílabas atrás, y hablar con vida y pasión!
Sí, terminé de hacer el Paced Reading para esta lección.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
