Page 1 65 104 71-102 * ** * DOI:10.6166/TJPS.65(71-102) NSC 102 ...

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡Ɵࢱ 71-102

ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ* ‫ࠍڒ‬Ш**

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‫ܕ‬ѐ઼ֽᅫᙯܼ۞ఢቑநኢฟؕೇᎸĂன၁͹ཌྷጯࠁ̰ొ˵΍ன ˞ޭೇன၁͹ཌྷࣖநჯ‫ײ۞ޘ‬ᓏĄώ͛ͽᇆᜩ઼࡚༊΃઼ᅫᙯܼҌࠎ λ̂۞நኢछᇝॲ৶ࠎࡁտ۞၆෪Ă၆‫׎‬ఢቑኢࢗΐͽॶநĂᏰᄮ΁ ۞‫ޥ‬ຐஅ໚Ă֭ൾઇྚᛖĄᇝॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ຐஅ໚உᄏቑಛȈ̶ᇃĂ̏ѣ ிкጯ۰̟ͽኢࢗĄώ͛Ϊ߄Ᏼ‫̚׎‬၆ᇝॲ৶‫ޥ‬ຐᇆᜩ౵̂۞‫׌‬Ҝ‫ޥ‬ ຐछ—ֲ֧೻кᇇᄃࢮұĂଣ੅΁ࣇ۞‫ޥ‬ຐтңͅߍдᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑ ኢࢗ̚Ąѩ˘ࡁտ۞ϫ۞д‫ٺ‬णϯĂன၁͹ཌྷ֭‫ܧ‬Ϊਕᄃ੠Րᆊࣃ̚ ϲ۞ࡊጯ͹ཌྷ࠹ඕЪć࠹ͅгĂι۞ఢቑϲಞ‫׎‬၁ѣஎ‫۞ݓ‬።Ϋஅ໚Ă ‫ޥ׎‬ຐஎ‫̙˵ޘ‬टԲෞ۰ҲҤĄӍˠт୬‫៍މ‬гෞᆊன၁͹ཌྷ۞ఢቑ ϲಞĂ̪ᅮ၆።Ϋ˯۞̂‫ޥ‬ຐछ۞ఢቑ‫ޥ‬ຐઇ΍аᑕĄ ᙯᔣෟĈன၁͹ཌྷăఢቑኢࢗăᇝॲ৶ăֲ֧೻кᇇăࢮұ

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DOI:10.6166/TJPS.65 (71-102)Ąώ͛˜઼ࡊົĞனࠎࡊԫొğࢍ൪Ķޭೇ઼ᅫᙯܼன၁͹ ཌྷ۞ࣖநჯ‫ޘ‬Ĉࢦଣன၁͹ཌྷ۞ఢቑኢࢗķĞࢍ൪በཱིĈNSC 102-2410-H-431-013-MY3ğ ۞ొ̶ࡁտј‫ڍ‬Ąώ͛‫ܐ‬ቇഅ൴ܑ‫ ٺ‬2014 ѐᄂ៉߆‫ڼ‬ጯົѐົၱĶ༊݈Б஧ϔ͹၁ኹ ۞Г‫ޥ‬҂Ĉӧဩă߄ጼᄃࡎ৔ķ઼ᅫጯఙࡁ੅ົĂົٚ̚ᄋం̂රି଱೩ֻధкᚗෳ ۞ෞኢຍ֍ᄃ࣒ࢎ‫ޙ‬ᛉĂү۰எܑᔁԢĄү۰˵ࢋຏᔁĮ߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍį۞ઠЩᆶߤ ؎ࣶͽ̈́በᏭ؎ࣶົ೩ֻ‫ޙ‬నّ۞ෞኢᄃ‫ޙ‬ᛉĂឰώ࣒͛Լ‫ޢ‬Հࠎ·၁Ą **઼̼͛̂̚ጯ߆‫ڼ‬ጯրઘି଱ĂEmail: [email protected]Ą ќቇ͟ഇĈ104 ѐ 3 ͡ 25 ͟ć఼࿅͟ഇĈ104 ѐ 9 ͡ 16 ͟

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

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ಥă݈֏ ˟Ѩ̂ጼ‫ޢ‬дҖࠎ͹ཌྷᄃ၁ᙋ͹ཌྷ۞ࢲሗ̝˭Ăఢቑኢࢗд઼ᅫᙯܼ ጯ̚జᙝቡ̼Ąҭᐌ඾ҽጼ۞ඕՁĂ઼ᅫᙯܼ΍ன˞ధкາᛉᗟĂΒ߁ᒖ ܲăّҾă͹ᝋᄃˠᝋăБ஧̼˭۞઼छᛳّඈયᗟĞJackson and Sørensen, 2003: ch. 10ğĂ఺ֱᛉᗟΐ˯ҽጼ݈ಶхд۞჌୉኏ࡎ̈́‫׎‬͔ٙ൴۞ˠ྽ ̒࿰યᗟăБ஧̙πඈăˠ˾ொજٙౄј۞୉ཏયᗟඈඈĂώ֗ౌ૲ѣఢ ቑҒ૾Ă֭‫ޞܨ‬ˠࣇઇ΍ҿᕝᄃଳ‫פ‬ҖજĄ‫઼ߏٺ‬ᅫᙯܼጯ΍ன˞˘࣎ٙ Ꮬ۞Ķఢቑநኢ۞ೇᎸķ۞ன෪Ğૺ‫ٻ‬Ă2006ğĄт̫Ķࣖநᄃ઼ᅫᙯܼķ Ğethics and international relationsğ఺࣎ᅳા̏གྷ྿‫ז‬јሢล߱Ă่̙̏ѣ ૞‫۞ܝ‬፟ၹ΍‫ۍ‬૞‫۞ܝ‬Ώ‫ۏ‬Ă҃ Reus-Smit and Snidal ͹በ۞઼ᙯ͘Ί Ğ2008ğೀͼѣ˘Η۞ቔౢߏϡֽ੅ኢЧጯࠁ۞ఢቑᄃ၁ኹຍஉĂՀߏ‫׍‬ ѣ޽ᇾّ۞ຍཌྷĄ఺ពϯఢቑ̶‫̏ژ‬གྷ͔੓઼ᙯጯࠧ۞ࢦෛĂࠤҌүࠎ઼ ᅫᙯܼ۞Ѩᅳા۞гҜ˵̏ቁϲĞ‫ࠍڒ‬ШĂ2011ğĄ ͽ˯ߏಶ઼ᙯᅳાፋវ҃֏۞ᔌ๕ćಶன၁͹ཌྷώ֗҃֏ĂጐგΟ‫׏‬ ன၁͹ཌྷ̙ͻఢቑኢࢗĂҭ˟ጼͽ‫઼઼࡚ޢ‬ᙯጯࠧ۞ன၁͹ཌྷдࡊጯ͹ཌྷ ĞscientismğᄃҖࠎ͹ཌྷĞbehaviorismğ۞ᇆᜩ˭Ăࠎ˞੠Րᆊࣃ̚ϲ҃ጐ ณࣤੵఢቑҒ૾ĞJackson and Sørensen, 2003: 45-48ğĄҭ̫͇̏གྷѣດֽດ к۞ጯ۰၆఺჌‫פ‬Шຏ‫̙ז‬႕Ăฟؕаᐝଣ৶ன၁͹ཌྷ۞ࣖநჯ‫ޘ‬Ąּт Jack Donnelly ੅ኢன၁͹ཌྷ۞૞඾̏ѣ૞ౢ఍நఢቑኢࢗĞ2000: ch. 6ğĂ ݈ࢗ۞ Reus-Smit and Snidal ͹በ۞઼ᙯ͘Ί˵ѣ˘ౢ૞‫੅ܝ‬ኢன၁͹ཌྷ۞ ࣖநĞТᇹϤ Donnelly ેඊğĄੵѩ̝γĂன၁͹ཌྷ̰ొ˵΍ன˞Ķͅ‫ޥ‬ ன၁͹ཌྷķ Ğreflexive realismğ۞ᓏ঎Ă‫׎‬পҒ̝˘ಶߏޭೇ၆‫ࣖٺ‬நᙯ‫ڦ‬ ᄃᆊࣃ۞ͅ‫ޥ‬Ğం̂රĂ2012ğćᔘѣ˘ֱጯ۰‫݋‬ଳ‫˞פ‬ٙᏜĶ྽ᇇன၁ ͹ཌྷķ۞ᇾចĂྏဦᄃ‫ܧ‬྽ᇇ۞ன၁͹ཌྷүડ࿣ĞૺҌஉĂ2013ğĄኜт ѩᙷ۞ү‫ݡ‬Ăౌߏྏဦޭೇன၁͹ཌྷ۞ࣖநჯ‫۞ޘ‬ဘྏĄ д఺۵ࢲሗ̚Ă၆‫ٺ‬ᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗ۞Г൴னព଀পҾࡎ΍Ă˵ ‫׍‬ѣপҾ۞ຍཌྷĄ఺ߏЯࠎ˟ጼ‫઼઼࡚ޢ‬ᙯጯࠧΞͽᄲߏϤன၁͹ཌྷ፾ ᅳࢲᛢĂ၆‫ࢲ࣎఺ٺ‬ሗ۞Ꮈ੓Ăᇝॲ৶Ξͽᄲ‫ا‬Α౿ઈĄ̙࿅Ăᇝॲ৶

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

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۞ன၁͹ཌྷд͞‫ڱ‬ኢ۞Ѝᙉ˯ᛳ‫ٺ‬Ο‫็ٕࠁ׏‬௚ࠁĂдາ۞Ķநّ͹ཌྷķ Ğrationalismğᄃࡊጯ͞‫۞ڱ‬኏ᑝ˭ు႙εΝᄅέĄ1979 ѐ̝‫ޢ‬ĂKenneth Waltz ٙᅳ࢕۞າன၁͹ཌྷᝀ൒јࠎன၁͹ཌྷ۞͹߹ĂΟ‫׏‬ன၁͹ཌྷ‫݋‬ೀͼ ԆБజᙝቡ̼ĞJütersonke, 2006: 463ğĄ൒҃ĂҽጼඕՁ‫ޢ‬Ăດֽດк۞ጯ ۰၆‫ٺ‬Ķநّ͹ཌྷķᄃࡊጯ͞‫ڱ‬ጱ࡭࿅‫۞ޘ‬٩෪ຏ‫̙ז‬႕Ă֭ᄮࠎ఺჌ጯ ࢲ࿅‫ͻ৿ٺ‬၁ኹᄃࣖந۞ຍஉć࠹ྵ̝˭Ăᇝॲ৶۞Ο‫׏‬ன၁͹ཌྷ҃ͅ· ႕˞ఢቑኢࢗĄՀࢦࢋ۞ߏĂ΁۞ఢቑኢࢗ࠹༊඀‫ޙߏ˯ޘ‬ϲд၆‫ٺ‬ٙᏜ ۞Ķࡊጯ͹ཌྷķᄃĶநّ͹ཌྷķ۞Բҿ̝˯ĂЯѩᅲਕ͔੓ጾ᜕Ķͅ‫ޥ‬͹ ཌྷķĞreflectivismğ۰۞ВᆀĂјࠎ΁ࣇͅ‫ޥ‬ᄃԼౄன၁͹ཌྷ۞͇൒༖̓Ą1 ώ͛͹ࢋ۞̍үĂߏࢋֶፂ༊઼݈ᙯጯࠧ၆ᇝॲ৶ఢቑኢࢗ۞Г൴னĂ ࢦາॶநᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗĄࢋઇр఺࣎̍үĂυืҹ‫ڇ‬Ҍ͌ೀ࣎ᙱᗟĄࢵ АĂᇝॲ৶۞඾үдྚᛖ˯ົயϠ‫ۋ‬ᛉĂЯࠎ΁གྷ૱ԯҋ̎۞நኢΒ྅ј Ķࡊጯ۞ķγ៍Ą൒҃ĂRobert W. Tucker ѝ̏޽΍Ăᇝॲ৶۞நኢ่̙ຐ ೩ֻ˘჌၆઼ᅫ߆‫ࡊ۞ڼ‬ጯᄲ‫ځ‬Ă҃ͷᔘࢋ၆઼࡚۞γϹ߆ඉ೩΍ԲҿĂ҃ ‫ޢ‬۰‫׎‬၁૲ѣૻধ۞ᆊࣃҿᕝĂЯѩ̏གྷ෹΍ࡊጯ۞ቑಛĄ҃ಶࡊጯ۞ᇾ ໤҃֏Ăᇝॲ৶۞நኢхдధкҋ࠹Ϭ࠼۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬Ğּт࡚ᛂҽጼߏ‫׌‬჌ຍ ᙊ‫ݭ‬ၗ̝‫ۋ‬ĉԺٕຍᙊ‫ݭ‬ၗΪߏᝋ˧̝‫۞ۋ‬෍઄ܑ෪ĉğĂͽ̈́ᙯᔣໄ‫ه‬Ğּ тĶ઼छӀৈķğ۞‫ؠ‬ཌྷ૱૱ߏӣቘ̙୻ٕࠧ‫ؠ‬࿅‫ٺ‬᝕௚Ğ1952Ĉ214ğĄ2 ቁ ၁Ă၆‫ ٺ‬Tucker ٙ޽΍۞યᗟĂӍˠ൑ᅮ̟ͽӎᄮĂҭ఺̙֭ၹјБሹӎ ‫ؠ‬ᇝॲ৶‫ޥ‬ຐ۞நϤĄࢵАĂಶໄ‫۞ه‬ӣቘ҃֏Ăᇝॲ৶၆‫۞ࢋࢦٺ‬ໄ‫ه‬ ቁ၁૱૱՟ѣ୻຾۞ࠧ‫ؠ‬ĂҭϤ‫۞΁ٺ‬ү‫ݡ‬ᇴณᘀ̂ĂA ఍՟ѣ୻຾ᄲ‫ځ‬ ۞ໄ‫ه‬ĂΞਕд B, C ٕ D ఍Ա‫·ྃז‬ᄲ‫ځ‬ĄЯѩࡁտ۰౅࿅Հ௟࡭۞ਇ ॶ̍үٕధΞͽྋՙ఺࣎યᗟĄГ۰Ăҋ࠹Ϭ࠼۞ଐ‫̝ڶ‬ٙͽົ൴ϠĂߏ Яࠎᇝॲ৶۞ኢࢗ‫ــ‬஄Ъགྷរᄃఢቑ‫࣎׌‬ᆸࢬĂ҃఺‫࣎׌‬ᆸࢬࣧώߏΞ ͽΐͽડҾ۞ĄּтᄲĂĶٙѣ઼छౌ੠Րᝋ˧ķĞ‫׻‬ᗟ Ağߏ˘࣎གྷរ‫׻‬ 1

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ѩ఍ٙᏜ۞Ķͅ‫ޥ‬͹ཌྷķߏॲፂ Robert Keohane (1988) ٙઇ۞ડ̶Ğrationalism vs. reflectivismğĂιٙ޽ঘ۞ߏֱ֤̙ᄮТଳ‫פ‬நّ͹ཌྷᄃ၁ᙋ͹ཌྷ͞‫ڱ‬ኢ۞ጯࠁĂּт Բҿநኢẵّ͹ཌྷă‫ޢ‬ன΃͹ཌྷඈĄ Robert Jervis (1994: 853) ˵޽΍ĈĶ΁Ğ޽ᇝॲ৶ğᄲ˞͉кϬ࠼۞ྖĂͽҌ‫ٺ‬ᙱͽ೩ ໯Ąķ

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

ᗟĂҭĶ઼छᑕྍ੠Րᝋ˧ķĞ‫׻‬ᗟBğ‫࣎˘ߏݒ‬ఢቑ‫׻‬ᗟĄ͹ૺ‫׻‬ᗟ A ̙ ΃ܑυ൒ࢋତ‫׻צ‬ᗟ BĄү۰ᄮࠎĂӍˠдᑭෛᇝॲ৶۞ኢࢗॡĂࡶਕ၆ ‫׻׎‬ᗟտౣߏᛳ‫ٺ‬གྷរ‫׻‬ᗟᔘߏఢቑ‫׻‬ᗟΐͽሏ୻ĂٕధΞͽഴ͌‫׎‬Ϭ ࠼ĄΩγ˘࣎Ξਕ۞Ϭ࠼ֽ໚ߏĂᇝॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ຐᐌ඾ѐࡔ۞ᆧ‫҃ܜ‬൴Ϡϲ ಞ۞ត̼Ĉଂѝഇ้Ш‫ٺ‬νᓍ۞ϲಞ‫̚ז‬ഇ۞ܲчϲಞĂ‫ޢ˞ז‬ഇ˫ᔌ‫ٺ‬ ፬ซĄ 3 ྕ൒Ăˠ۞ϲಞЯѐࡔ۞ᆧ‫҃ܜ‬ѣளĂ֭‫ܧ‬ց֍Ąҭ˘࣎ᚑᖰ۞ ‫ޥ‬ຐछт‫ڍ‬ϲಞត̼࿅̂ĂᙱҺጱ࡭நྋ˯۞ӧᙱĂࠤҌౄјᄱྋĄᇝॲ ৶տౣߏЯࠎ‫ޥ‬ຐ̙ᚑᖰ҃யϠ݈‫۞࡭˘̙ޢ‬ϲಞĉᔘߏᄲĂ఺჌̙˘࡭ Ϊߏܑࢬ۞Ă‫׎‬၁Ξͽ౅࿅ߙ჌̓ච۞ྚᛖ̟ͽ̼ྋĉώ͛ߏଳ‫פ‬ௐ˟჌ ઄నֽ၆‫ޞ‬ᇝॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ຐĂт‫ڍ‬ᙋ‫ځ‬Җ఼̙Ăԧࣇ̖ົᄮ‫˘̙ޢ݈۞΁ؠ‬ ࡭ߏ˘჌՟ѣࣧ‫۞݋‬ϲಞອᕚĄ ௐ˟࣎υืҹ‫۞ڇ‬ᙱᗟߏĂధкࡁտ۰ౌ၅ᛇ‫ז‬Ăᇝॲ৶۞ү‫૲ݡ‬ѣ ૻধ۞‫ۋ‬ኢĞpolemicğҒ૾ĞScheuerman, 2009a: 1-10ğĂࠎ˞Ύព‫ۋ‬ኢ၆ ෪۞ऴᕇĂ‫̂ྒົــ‬ҋ̎۞ϲಞᄃ၆̝͘ม۞म෼Ą҃఺჌ྒ̂‫ົــ‬ ઐᗓࣧώΞͽჯ޺۞ྵࠎ̚૶۞ϲಞĄೱ֏̝Ăಶߏ΁۞ኢࢗགྷ૱ѣĶᒣ ‫ږ‬࿅ϒķ۞้ШĄ఺჌ᒣ‫ږ‬࿅ϒགྷ૱͔੓ᄱྋĂ˵ቁ၁ౄјநྋٕྚᛖ˯ ۞ӧᙱĄ၆ѩĂү۰۞ၗ‫̙ߏޘ‬ӎᄮ΁۞ኢࢗቁ၁хдྒ้̂ШĂҭႽ˧ ࡍ౅࣒ᙜ˯۞ਜ਼ᅪĂྏဦநྋ‫׎‬ኢࢗ۞၁ኳ̰உĄೱ֏̝ĂӍˠࡶ̙‫ڪٲ‬ ‫͛ٺ‬ήώ֗ĂٕధՀਕԯ೪‫׎‬ኢࢗ۞ჟৠᄃࢋᕇĄ ࡁտᇝॲ৶ఢቑኢࢗ۞ௐˬ࣎ӧᙱᕇд‫ٺ‬Ă΁۞‫ޥ‬ຐஅ໚உᄏቑಛȈ ̶ᇃĂࡁտ۰൴ன‫׎‬அ໚Β߁ֲ֧೻кᇇĞAristotleğ ĞLang, 2007ćBrown, 2012ğă๸Ο೻ϘĞSt. Augustineğ ĞMurray, 1996ğăκ‫ܚ‬ĞFriedrich Nietzscheğ ĞFrei, 2001ćNeacsu, 2010ğ ăࢮұĞMax Weberğ ĞSmith, 1986ćTurner, 2009ć Neacsu, 2010ğăΙႬ‧න૜পඈĞCarl SchmittğĞScheuerman, 2007ğĄϤ ‫ޥֱ఺ٺ‬ຐछ۞ϲಞᄃ͹ૺ̝ม‫ؠۺ‬хдளኳّĂ఺ֱளኳ۞‫ޥ‬ຐߏӎਕ ‫׶‬πВ఍ٕᏉ‫˘ٺ‬ᚤĂቁ၁ࣃ଀ᘃႷĄ൒҃ĂӍˠ˵̙ਕЯѩಶଯኢᄲᇝ ॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ຐΪߏ˘࣎̂ᗔᒏĄд఺ᆃк̙Т۞‫ޥ‬ຐஅ໚̝มĂٕధᔘߏΞ ͽԱ‫ז‬ೀ࣎ࢦࢋ۞͹คΐͽరҚ੓ֽĄߏӎਕઇ‫࣎఺ז‬гՎĂΪѣဘྏ‫ޢ‬ 3

ᇝॲ৶ѐᅅॡ΃۞‫ޥ‬ຐ้Ш‫ٺ‬ԲҿநኢĂણ֍ Scheuerman (2009b)Ą

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

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̖ਕቁ‫ؠ‬Ă൑‫ڱ‬࿰А˭ᕝ֏ĄЯѩĂү۰ߏА၆ѩΞਕّ‫޺ٱ‬ฟ‫۞ٸ‬ၗ‫ޘ‬Ă ‫̍ޞ‬үԆј̝‫ޢ‬Г˭ඕኢĄ ͽ˯ߏᄲ‫ځ‬ώ͛۞үϡăຍཌྷᄃ‫פ‬शĂତ˭ֽௐ˟༼͹ࢋߏࢋᄲ‫ځ‬Ă ጐგன၁͹ཌྷ۰˘ਠౌૻአᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬Ăҭ఺͹ૺ̙υ൒ᛃӣĶ྽ᇇࣧ‫̙݋‬ ዋϡ‫઼ٺ‬ᅫ߆‫ڼ‬ķ۞ϲಞĄྍ༼૟ᘲЕధкᇝॲ৶۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬үࠎּᙋĄ̙࿅Ă Ϥ‫ٺ‬ᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗд࣒ᙜ˯‫૲ــ‬ѣĶ࠹၆͹ཌྷķ۞ঈ‫ק‬Ă఺჌ϲಞ ‫ޝ‬ट‫͔ٽ‬੓྽ᇇĶ೼࿆͹ཌྷ۰ķٕĶ඗၆͹ཌྷ۰ķ۞ኳႷĄЯѩĂௐˬ༼ ˜ಶĶ࠹၆͹ཌྷķ۞યᗟΐͽଣ੅Ăϫ۞֭‫۞΁ࠎࢋܧ‬ϲಞᄃኢࢗ᜜᜕Ă ҃ΪߏྏဦӔன΍‫׎‬ኢࢗ۞̰дநྮĄ 4 ఺࣎‫ޥ‬ຐநྮυื‫ٸ‬дࢮұٙᏜ ۞Ķੵጃ̼‫ࠧ͵۞ޢ‬ķٙӔன۞ᆊࣃк̮ଐဩֽΐͽԯ೪Ă҃ࢮұѩ˘ኢ ᕇ˫ᄃκ‫۞ܚ‬Ķ˯‫̏ޓ‬ѪķĞthe death of Godğ۞‫ކ‬ӘѣᙯĂЯѩྍ༼ଣ৶ ۞ࢦᕇд‫׌఺ٺ‬Ҝ‫ޥ‬ຐछ۞‫ޥ‬ຐтңԶडăͅߍдᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗ̚Ą ౵‫ޢ‬Ăௐα༼ྏဦᄲ‫ځ‬Ăᇝॲ৶̝ٙͽͅ၆͹߹۞Ķࡊጯ͹ཌྷķᄃĶநّ ͹ཌྷķĂֹ҃‫׎‬ன၁͹ཌྷ·႕ఢቑҒ૾Ă͹ࢋࣧЯд‫΁ٺ‬၆‫ڼ߆ٺ‬Ϡ߿۞ ώኳ۞࠻‫ڱ‬ᅲ‫ֲ֧צ‬೻кᇇ۞Ķ၁ኹംᇊķኢࢗ۞ᇆᜩĄѩొ̶ଣ੅۞ϫ ۞д‫޽ٺ‬ౘĂᇝॲ৶ѣֱ࠻Ҭ̢࠹Ϭ࠼۞ఢቑ‫ކ‬ჍĂΪѣ‫ٸ‬д఺࣎‫ޥ‬ຐࡦ ഀ˭̖ਕநྋĄ 5

෮ăᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬ᄃ྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬ ᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗ࠹༊ᘀᗔĂࢋԱ˘࣎ዋ̷۞̷ˢᕇ̙֭ट‫ٽ‬Ą఺྆ ̙Ӹͽጯࠧ౵ሢଉ۞ᇝॲ৶ன၁͹ཌྷ̱ࣧ‫݋‬үࠎ੅ኢ۞੓ᕇĄ̱ࣧ‫۞̚݋‬ ௐ˟ࣧ‫݋‬͹ૺĈĶᑒӄ߆‫ڼ‬ன၁͹ཌྷᒢྋ઼ᅫ߆‫۞ڼ‬͹ࢋྮᇾĂಶߏӀৈ 4

5

ώ͛۞‫ؠ‬ҜĂ͹ࢋߏࢋӔனᇝॲ৶ఢቑኢࢗ۞ᇃ‫ޘ‬ᄃஎ‫ޘ‬Ă҃‫ܧ‬ΐͽԲෞٕ᜜᜕ĄЯ ࠎ‫ޢ‬۰˘͞ࢬᅮࢋՀк۞ኢᙋĂົ෹΍ቔ಼۞ࢨ‫ט‬ćΩ˘͞ࢬĂ఺࣎̍үٙࢋՐ۞ਕ ˧ᛳ‫ࣰڼ߆ٺ‬ጯ۞̍үĂ˵෹ͼү۰үࠎ˘઼࣎ᅫᙯܼጯ۰۞ࢨ‫ޘ‬Ąѣѩਕ˧۞ጯ۰Ă ٕధΞͽᚶᜈഈ఺࣎͞ШӅ˧Ą ѣઠЩᆶߤˠ೩યĂߊ൒ѣధк‫ޥ‬ຐछౌᇆᜩᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗĂңͽώ͛পҾ඾ࢦ ֲ֧೻кᇇăκ‫ܚ‬ᄃࢮұ۞ᇆᜩĉώ߱͛фӈߏ၆ѩኳႷ۞аᑕĄೱ֏̝Ăጐგ‫΁׎‬ ‫ޥ‬ຐछ۞ᇆᜩ˵̙ਕ‫ن‬ரĂҭт‫̙ڍ‬ᛈ̈́ѩˬˠ۞ᇆᜩĂಶ൑‫ڱ‬૟ᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗ ਇॶ΍˘࣎நྮĄຏᔁᆶߤˠ۞೩યĂឰү۰Ξͽซ˘Վሏ୻ώ͛۞ኢᙋඕၹĄ

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

۞៍‫ه‬Ă҃Ӏৈ۞‫ؠ‬ཌྷ‫ͽߏ݋‬ᝋ˧ࠎ‫ૄ׎‬ᖂĞMorgenthau, 1967: 5ğĄķ఺ ˘࣎ࣧ‫଀ֹ݋‬ᇝॲ৶జෛࠎ༊΃ᝋ˧߆‫֏΃۞ڼ‬ˠĄᙯ‫઼ٺ‬छӀৈ۞உ ཌྷĂൾ‫ޢ‬ԧࣇົซ˘Վ੅ኢĄ఺྆ࢋАଣ੅۞યᗟߏĂӀৈ۞‫ؠ‬ཌྷυืͽ ᝋ˧ࠎ‫ૄ׎‬ᖂ۞͹ૺĄϤ‫۞΁ٺ‬ᝋ˧߆‫˫៍ڼ‬ᄃᇝॲ৶۞ˠّኢिि࠹ ᙯĂЯѩυืА˞ྋ΁۞ˠّኢĄ 6 ˘ਠᄲֽĂன၁͹ཌྷ၆‫ٺ‬ˠّ۞࠻‫้ڱ‬Ш‫៍ೌٺ‬Ăᇝॲ৶˵ּ̙γĄ ΁ᄲĈĶӈֹϒཌྷߏৌ۞Ă΍‫̰ٺ‬д‫ٺ‬ˠّ̚۞நϤĂˠᙷ൑‫ڱ‬ᒔ࡭ϒཌྷĄ Ğ Morgenthau, ͹ࢋ۞நϤѣˬ࣎Ĉˠᙷ͉൑ۢă͉ҋռͽ͉̈́ళͻĞtoo poorğ 1970: 63ğĄķᇝॲ৶ԯҋռᄃ၆ᝋ˧۞ഽ୕Ğanimus dominandi or lust for powerğ༊јߏˠّ۞८͕௡јొ̶Ą΁ᄮࠎ˘࣎ˠ۞ҋԧ͕̚Ğegotismğ υ൒ᄃ΁ˠ۞ҋԧ͕̚൴Ϡ኏ࡎĂЯ҃‫ဳۋ‬ᄃᚮ‫ߏۋ‬൑ΞᔖҺ۞Ą̙࿅Ă ҋռߏࠎ˞႕֖ҋԧϠх۞‫៍މ‬ᅮՐĂЯѩѣ‫ޘࢨ׎‬Ą࠹ྵ̝˭Ă၆‫ٺ‬ᝋ ˧۞ഽ୕ೀͼߏ՟ѣࢨ‫۞ޘ‬ĂЯࠎᝋ˧ᙯͼгҜĂ҃гҜߏ౅࿅ͧྵ̖ၓ ព΍ֽ۞ĄЯѩĂੵ‫࣎˘ܧ‬ˠԯ͵ࠧ˯ٙѣ۞ˠౌ‫˞ڇف‬Ă΁۞ᝋ˧୬୕ ̙ΞਕԆБ႕֖Ąᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎĂ՟ѣ˘჌ۤົҖજ۞ಞાਕҺੵᝋ˧୬۞ Ѯߖćߊ൒ٙѣᅳાౌҺ̙˞ᝋ˧‫ဳۋ‬Ă߆‫ڼ‬ᅳા༊൒Հ̙ΞਕĄϤѩࢉ Ϡ΍ᇝॲ৶۞඾Щ͹ૺĈ߆‫۞ڼ‬ώኳᄃপᕇಶߏҩૺ၆‫ٺ‬Ҿˠ۞ᝋ˧ Ğpower over manğĂ҃߆‫ڼ‬үࠎ˘࣎ˠᙷ߿જ۞፾পᅳાĂ‫׎‬ၹјّࣧ‫݋‬ ಶߏҩૺᝋ˧୬ĞMorgenthau, 1945: 13-14ğĄт‫ڍ‬ᄲຐࢋङ‫΁ט‬ˠߏ˘̷ ‫ݭ‬ၗ۞ۤົ௡ᖐ۞ࢋ৵Ă઼ᅫ߆‫ڼ‬༊൒̙ົߏּγĞMorgenthau, 1967: 32-33ğĂЯѩĂ΁۞јЩүĮ઼छม۞߆‫ڼ‬įĞPolitics Among Nationsğ۞ ઘᇾᗟ̚ಶѣĶࠎᝋ˧҃੽‫ۋ‬ķĞstruggle for powerğ۞фீĄጐგтѩĂ Ӎˠ̙ਕЯѩಶԯᇝॲ৶ಏ৷гෛࠎΪߏ˘࣎ᝋ˧̂रĄְ၁˯ĂтТᇝ ॲ৶۞ጯϠ Richard Ned Lebow (2003: 217) ٙᄲĈᝋ˧Ϊߏ΁۞̶‫ژ‬੓ᕇĂ ̙҃ߏ௣ᕇĄ҃ Stanley Hoffman (1981: 657) Հѝ̏޽΍Ăᇝॲ৶၆‫׶ٺ‬π Тᇹᙯ‫ڦ‬Ă఺ଂ݈ࢗགྷ‫׏‬ү۞ઘᇾᗟ˵Ξͽ࠻଀΍ֽęྍ३۞ઘᇾᗟĞThe 6

ᇝॲ৶ᄲĈĶ̙გˠ߿дࣹ˘჌ۤົĂߏˠّĞthe nature of manğౄј˞ᝋ˧ᙯܼĂ ఺჌ᙯֹܼˠ൑‫ڱ‬ᒔ଀ԆБ۞ҋϤĄķણ֍ Lecture 7, 24 April 1962, Morgenthau Papers, Box 171, p. 3. ᖼ͔ҋ Neacsu (2010: 47)Ą˫ᄲĈ Ķۤົ˧ณߏˠّдҖજ̚۞ய‫ۏ‬ĞSocial forces are the product of human nature in actionğĞMorgenthau, 1948a: 4ğĄķ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

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Struggle for Power and Peaceğ̚Ķ‫׶‬πķᄃĶᝋ˧ķߏ֭Е۞Ąѣ኷۞ߏĂ ఺ొ̶‫ݒ‬གྷ૱జ΁۞Բෞ۰ٙ‫ن‬ரĄ 7 ೱ˘࣎͞ёֽநྋᇝॲ৶۞ᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬ኢĂԧࣇΞͽયĈ఺տౣΪߏ˘ ࣎གྷរೡࢗĞ઼ᅫ߆‫ڼ‬υ൒ߏᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬ğĉᔘߏఢቑ͹ૺĞ઼ᅫ߆‫ڼ‬ᑕྍ ߏᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬ğĉд੅ኢ྽ᇇă௫ၚᄃ‫ޠڱ‬၆‫ٺ‬ᝋ˧۞ࢨ‫ט‬ॡĂᇝॲ৶ᄲ྽Ĉ Ķ൒҃Ăְ၁˯˘࣎ᝋ˧Ҍ˯൑Ξ̽ᇲ۞͵ࠧٙ૲ֽ۞‫ރ‬਎Ă˵ϒயϠ˞ ၆‫ٺ‬ᝋ˧۞ͅԩĞrevolt against powerğĂ҃఺჌၆ᝋ˧۞ͅԩಶྫྷ၆ᝋ˧ ۞୬Ր˘ᇹ೼࿆Ąķ΁পҾᕇЩκ‫ܚ‬ăግ৶֧κᄃԓপઙඈˠĂᄮࠎ΁ࣇ ٙ‫ܫ‬؇۞Ķԯᝋ˧኏જᄃᝋ˧੽‫ۋ‬үࠎ͕̚‫ޥ‬ຐ۞ࣰጯ‫ޘטڼ߆׶‬ķĂ‫ܜ‬ ഇ࠻ֽĂߏ෍ऴ൑˧ăҋԧ໑ໝ۞ć఺ͅ࿅ֽᙋ‫˞ځ‬Ҙ͞็௚۞ૻ҃ѣ˧Ă ఺࣎็௚ົྏဦ၆ᝋ˧۞኏જΐͽఢቑăࢨ‫ט‬ĂͽҺۤົజᇧෘăऴ۰Ї ˠङ౷ĞMorgenthau, 1954: 206ğĄѩ఍Ăᇝॲ৶Ҭͼᄃࡻ઼ጯࠁ˘ᇹĂౌ ᄮࠎ઼ᅫ߆‫࣎˘ߏ̙ڼ‬ညᇠ஧έ۞ಞાĞд‫̚׎‬ᇠ஧ઇ፟ୠё۞༥ᇠğĂ ҃ߏ˘࣎Ķ઼ᅫۤົķĞinternational societyğĂ҃ٙᏜ۞Ķۤົķυ൒‫˘צ‬ ‫۞ؠ‬ఢቑ۞ࡗՁĞBull, 1977ğĄЯѩĂ྽ᇇఢቑߏӎхдăߏӎ൴೭үϡĂ ఺჌གྷរᆸࢬ۞યᗟ֭‫ܧ‬યᗟٙдĞЯࠎඍ९ߏ‫۞ؠۺ‬ğĄયᗟд‫ٺ‬ఢቑ ᆸࢬĂϺӈĈ྽ᇇᑕྍ൴೭̦ᆃᇹ۞үϡĉт‫ڍ‬ˠࣇ၆྽ᇇ۞ࢋՐᄃ၆ᝋ ˧۞୬Ր˘ᇹૻধĂ֤ᆃ྽ᇇᄃᝋ˧̝ม۞ᙯܼᑕྍтңщଵĉ д‫׎‬Įࡊጯˠ၆ԩᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬įĞScientific Man vs. Power Politicsğ˘३ ̚Ăᇝॲ৶ࠎ˞ᛚࢗ‫ࣖڼ߆׎‬ந៍Ăԯιྫྷ੺ૄჯӀĞNiccolò Machiavelliğ ᄃᐒο೻ĞThomas Hobbesğٙ΃ܑ۞Ķ઼छ۞நϤķĞreason of stateğ۞ ϲಞઇ၆໰Ăᄮࠎ޷໰‫ޢ‬۰۞͹ૺĂ߆‫ົۤڼ‬дώኳ˯ߏ‫ܧ‬྽ᇇ۞Ğamoralğć ၆໰̝˭Ăᇝॲ৶۞ϲಞ‫ݒ‬͹ૺĈĶˠᙷ˘ۡͽֽౌ١඗‫ٸ‬ୢ၆߆‫ڼ‬Җજ ઇ྽ᇇෞᆊĄķ΁ԯ఺้ШჍ̝ࠎ྽ᇇᄃ߆‫۞ڼ‬᜜ᙋĂ֭ᄮࠎˠүࠎ˘჌ ߆‫ڼ‬ᄃ྽ᇇ۞જ‫ۏ‬Ă఺้Шߏങॲ‫۞΁ٺ‬ώّ̝̚ĞMorgenthau, 1946: 176-177, 168ğ‫ޢ׎‬ᇝॲ৶ᔘᄲĈĶ߆‫ڼ‬ҖજΞͽజ‫ؠ‬ཌྷࠎ౅࿅߆‫—߱͘ڼ‬ ˵ಶߏᝋ˧—ֽ၁ன྽ᇇᆊࣃ۞ဘྏĞMorgenthau, 1952: 987ć1962a: 110ć

7

Pangle and Ahrensdorf (1999: 219) ˵ૻአ˞఺˘ᕇĄ΁ࣇᔘᄮࠎĂϒߏૄ‫׶ٺ‬π۞҂ ᇋĂᇝॲ৶‫ֽޢ‬ᖼ҃ࠎ͵ࠧ߆‫ع‬᜜᜕Ğ1999Ĉ231-238ğĄ

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

Neacsu, 2010: 16ğĄķࠤҌᔘᄲĈĶ྽ᇇ̙֭ΪߏΩ˘჌ˠᙷ߿જ۞̶͚Ă ᄃ߆‫ٕڼ‬གྷᑻඈ̶͚Тඈ֭ЕĄ࠹ͅгĂιߏдιࣇ̝˯Ăࢨ‫˞ؠ‬ϫ۞ᄃ ߱͘۞ᏴፄĂ̺ઙ΍ٙѣপ‫ؠ‬ˠᙷ߿જ̶͚Җࠎ۞Ъ‫ّڱ‬዇၏ĞMorgenthau, 1962a: 325ğĄķϤѩΞ֍Ă྽ᇇ҂ᇋдᇝॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ຐ̚˘ۡҫѣ̙Ξٕ৿ ۞гҜĈӈ઼ֹᅫ߆‫ߏڼ‬ᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬Ăι˵̙ਕ̙‫צ‬྽ᇇ۞ࢨ‫ט‬ć͍ѣࠤ۰Ă ྽ᇇࠤҌࣝዼ‫˯̝ڼ߆ٺ‬Ăࠎ߆‫ڼ‬Җજన‫˞ؠ‬Ξਕ۞ቑಛĄ ‫ڍ‬ৌтѩĂ֤ᆃԧࣇтңநྋன၁͹ཌྷ̱ࣧ‫۞̚݋‬ௐαࣧ‫׸݋‬ĉྍࣧ ‫݋‬͹ૺĈĶ೼࿆۞྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬д‫׎‬٩෪۞೼࿆۞ԛё˭Ă൑‫ڱ‬ዋϡ‫઼ٺ‬छ۞ ҖࠎĄ఺ֱ྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬υื౅࿅‫׍‬វ۞ॡ۩ᒖဩ҃ពனĞfiltered through the concrete circumstances of time and placeğĞMorgenthau, 1967: 10ğĄķ҃఺ ˘ࣧ‫݋‬ቁ၁ֹ΁གྷ૱జෛࠎ྽ᇇᘃႷኢ۰ĞSpegele, 1987: 206ćNeacsu, 2010: 16ğĄ൒҃ԧࣇ̏གྷ࠻‫ז‬Ăᇝॲ৶ְ၁˯֭‫ܧ‬͹ૺ઼छ۞Җࠎ̙‫צ‬྽ ᇇࡗՁĄЯѩĂ఺࣎ࣧ‫ࢦ۞݋‬ᕇд‫ٺ‬Ķд‫׎‬٩෪۞೼࿆۞ԛё˭ķĂͽ̈́ Ķυื౅࿅‫׍‬វ۞ॡ۩ᒖဩ҃ពனķ఺‫࣎׌‬ҭ३Ąтңநྋ఺࣎ᄲ‫۞ڱ‬உ ཌྷ‫׸‬ĉѝഇ۞ᇝॲ৶അᄲĈ ༱ѣ͔˧۞ҋ൒‫ߏ݋ڱ‬ѣड़۞ČČ̙გˠࣇᙸຍᄃӎĄČČ࠹ͅ гĂኜт‫ޠڱ‬ăࣖநٕ྽ᇇඈఢቑ۞ѣड़ّ൑ΞᔖҺг‫ߏݒ‬與人類 群體的存在密不可分ĄČČЯࠎˠ۞ຍԠ—ఢቑຍԠĞnormative willğ—ՙ‫ؠ‬඾఺ֱఢቑ̰ट۞யϠĄČČЯѩĂ఺჌ѣड़ّߏ࠹၆ ۞ĂЯࠎ‫׎‬хд‫פ‬ՙ‫ٺ‬ត͑൑૱۞ˠᙷຍԠĄ8Ğ௖វࠎү۰ٙΐğ ఺྆۞Ķѣड़ّߏ࠹၆۞ķ۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬ट‫ٽ‬జኳႷߏ˘჌࠹၆͹ཌྷĄ఺࣎યᗟ ͧྵኑᗔĂ঻‫ޞ‬ൾ‫ޢ‬Гଣ੅Ą఺྆۞ࢋᕇߏఢቑ۞̰ट‫פ‬ՙ‫ٺ‬Ķˠᙷཏវ ۞хдķĄ఺࣎ତ‫ۤٺܕ‬ཏ͹ཌྷĞcommunitarianismğ۞‫׻‬ᗟĂ 9 ‫ֽޢ‬ѣ˞ Հ୻຾гᄲ‫ځ‬ĄдĮࠎ઼छӀৈ᜜᜕įĞIn Defense of the National Interestğ ˘३̚೩‫ז‬ᐒο೻۞˘࣎͹ૺĈ྽ᇇᄃ‫઼ߏޠڱ‬छٙ౹ౄĂЯѩιࣇд઼

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Hans Morgenthau, La Réalité des normes en particulier des normes du droit international: Fondements d'une théorie des normes (Paris: Alcan, 1934), p. vii. ᖼ͔ҋ Haslam (2002: 192)Ą William Scheuerman (2009a: 99) ‫ͽߏ݋‬โॾႬ۞ Sittlichkeit ֽྚᛖᇝॲ৶۞͹ૺĄ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

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छ̝γ̙֭хдĄᇝॲ৶၆఺࣎͹ૺઇ΍ෞኢĈĶ೼࿆۞྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬Ăּт ϒཌྷٕπඈĂΪѣ༊ιࣇజኬ̟‫׍‬វ۞̰ट֭ᄃۤົ۞߆‫ڼ‬ଐ๕ᙯᓑ੓ֽ ॡĂ̖ਕ޽ጱ߆‫ڼ‬ҖજĄķ఺ߏЯࠎϒཌྷ۞̰உѣᏥ‫ົۤٺ‬хдߙֱВᙊĂ ҃Вᙊ˫໚ҋ‫ٺ‬ВТ۞ĶӀৈᄃ‫هܫ‬ăϠ߿གྷរͽ̈́‫็۞̼ޘט‬௚ķĄҭ ఺ֱΪਕд˘࣎ۤົ̰ొ൴னĂ઼ᅫม‫఺ͻ৿݋‬ᇹ۞ВᙊĂЯࠎιᔘ̙ૉ ௚˘ٕဥඕĂٙͽ઼ᅫۤົᔘ൑‫ڱ‬ගϒཌྷٕπඈ఺ᙷ۞ໄ‫ه‬೩ֻ‫׍‬វ۞ຍ ཌྷĄЯѩĂĶд઼ᅫᅳા෦ኜ྽ᇇࣧ‫׍ͻ৿݋‬វ۞೼࿆ຍཌྷĞMorgenthau, 1951: 34-35ć1952: 983ćSmith, 1986: 155ğĄķĞThe appeal to moral principles in the international sphere has no concrete universal meaning.ğ ఺࣎Ķϒཌྷ۞̰உѣᏥ‫ߙٺ‬჌ۤົВᙊķ۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬Ă૱૱ົజநྋࠎ˘ ჌࠹၆͹ཌྷĄҭְ၁˯Ăᇝॲ৶่̙̙ߏ྽ᇇ࠹၆ኢ۰ĂࠤҌΞͽᄲߏ˘ ࣎྽ᇇ඗၆ኢ۰Ąᇝॲ৶അᄲĈˠѣ˘࣎ĶՀ੼۞ჟৠֹ‫׻‬Ă҃ώਕ۞ᜭ ˧ᑕྍҊ‫ڇ‬д఺ֹ࣎‫˭̝׻‬ķĞa higher, spiritual vocation, to which instinctual drives must be subordinatedğ Ą10 ఺྆Ξͽϡ΁ᄃ E. H. Carr ۞ϲಞ۞၆໰ֽ ᄲ‫ځ‬Ąᇝॲ৶၆ Carr ̙႕۞நϤ̝˘Ăߏ΁ᄮࠎ Carr ՟ѣԱ‫࣎˘ז‬Ξͽ ᑭរ߆‫۞ڼ‬Ķ෹រ۞ķĞtranscendentalğ྽ᇇҿ໤ĂЯѩĂ΁ԯ Carr ‫ؠ‬Ҝ ࠎĶ྽ᇇ࠹၆͹ཌྷ۰ķĞMorgenthau, 1948b: 134ğĄᇝॲ৶ᄲ΁ҋ̎Ķ˘ۡ ͹ૺ઼छ۞Җજυื‫ٺטצ‬೼࿆۞྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬ķĞMorgenthau, 1952: 983ğĄ ϤѩΞ֍Ăᇝॲ৶֭‫ܧ‬ӎ‫ؠ‬Ξਕхдߙ჌೼࿆۞྽ᇇĄયᗟߏĂ఺࣎೼࿆ ྽ᇇࣧ‫׍݋‬វ҃֏ߏ̦ᆃĉᇝॲ৶ҬͼଂϏ‫ޝ‬ѣր௚гᛚࢗ࿅ĄΪѣд˘ Ѩռˠ఼ੈ̚Ăᇝॲ৶‫ځ‬ቁг೩‫΁ז‬ٙ‫ܫ‬؇‫ૄ࣎׌‬ώ྽ᇇᆊࣃĈд൘͉ି— ૄ༛‫็ି؟‬௚ຍཌྷ˭۞Ϡ‫׻‬ᄃҋϤ۞ܲхĞthe preservation of life and freedomğĂͽ̈́૵ᇇ۞ࣰጯĄ 11 યᗟߏĂᇝॲ৶Тॡ˫͹ૺĂΪѣ˯‫̖ޓ‬ 10

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Hans J. Morgenthau, “Der Selbstmord mit gutem Gewissen. Zur Kritik des Pazifismus und der neuen deutschen Kriegsphilosophie.” Frankfurt, 1930. Manuscript, HJM-B96, p. 50. ᖼ ͔ҋ Frei (2001: 165)Ą Letter to Edward Dew, 22 August 1958, Morgenthau Papers, Box 17, p. 1. ᖼ͔ҋ Neacsu (2010: 155)Ąᙯ‫૵ٺ‬ᇇ۞ࣰጯĂᇝॲ৶дҾ఍Հ‫׍‬វг޽΍Ĉ˘࣎ҖજߏӎЪͼ྽ᇇĂ ‫פ‬ՙ‫ٺ‬ιдк̂඀‫˯ޘ‬ԯ΁ˠෛࠎϫ۞ώ֗Ă̙҃ߏԯ΁ࣇ༊ј߱͘ĞMorgenthau, 1945: 14ğ Ąᇝॲ৶ᔘഅགྷ૟Ķԯˠώ֗үࠎϫ۞̟ͽ಴ࢦķ Ğrespect for man as an end in himselfğ۞‫ܫ‬୧ෛࠎ൘͉—ૄ༛‫ି؟‬྽ᇇ۞८͕ĞMorgenthau, 1962a: 247ćScheuerman,

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

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ৌϒۢ྽఺ֱ‫៍މ‬ᇾ໤‫̦ߏغז‬ᆃĄ 12 ˫ᄲĂĶхд˘࣎྽ᇇ‫׏ڱ‬Ğmoral codeğČČιߏߙ჌ѣ‫ޞ‬൴ன۞‫ڌ۞៍މ‬ҘĞMorgenthau, 1970: 10ğ Ąķ13 ᇝ ॲ৶˘͞ࢬᄲ೼࿆۞྽ᇇࣧ‫۞៍މ࣎˘ߏ݋‬хдĂΩ˘͞ࢬ‫˫ݒ‬ᄲΪѣ˯ ‫̖ۢޓ‬྽ιߏ̦ᆃĂٕ۰ιߏ˘࣎Ķѣ‫ޞ‬൴னķ۞‫ڌ‬ҘĄ఺ᇹϛ๸۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬ тңநྋ‫׸‬ĉ

ણăĶ྽ᇇ࠹၆͹ཌྷķĉǕǕ κ‫ܚ‬ᄃࢮұ۞ᇆᜩ д 1979 ѐ۞˘ಞᙯ‫ٺ‬ˠᝋᛉᗟ۞੅ኢົ˯Ăᇝॲ৶ኘ‫ז‬дγϹ߆ඉ˯ ྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬υืѣ˘჌Ķ࠹၆͹ཌྷķĂ఺჌࠹၆͹ཌྷѣॡมᄃ̼͛۞‫ࢬࢦ׌‬ ШĈॡมࢬШ޽۞ߏ̙Тॡ΃ѣ̙Т۞྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬Ă̼҃͛ࢬШ‫޽ߏ݋‬প‫ؠ‬ ۞ࣧ‫݋‬Ϊѣপ‫઼۞ؠ‬୉ăপ‫̖ځ͛۞ؠ‬ᏲчĄĶдԧ࠻ֽѣ˘࣎྽ᇇ‫׏ڱ‬Ă ιజ̼͛ᄃ྽ᇇ۞পঅّٙ࿅ᕭĞfilteredğĄೱ֏̝ĂҰ൑‫ڱ‬ᄲ఺࣎ౘࢗ ٕҖજώ֗ߏ̙྽ᇇ۞ĄҰυืԯι‫ٸ‬дਔඛ֭̚ॲፂপ‫۞ؠ‬ଐ‫ֽڶ‬አፋ Ұ۞ҿᕝĞMorgenthau, 1979: 4, 10ğĄķ ఺࣎྽ᇇࣧ‫۞݋‬Ķ࠹၆͹ཌྷķ͹ૺᄃ΁۞྽ᇇ඗၆ኢ̝ม‫ځ‬ពгѣϬ ࠼Ă఺࣎Ϭ࠼тңநྋĉү۰ᄮࠎĂᙯᔣᑕྍд‫఺ٺ‬ήྖĈĶԧ࣎ˠ࠹‫ܫ‬Ă ̙ Ξ ਕ д ՟ ѣ ৠ ጯ ۞ ૄ ᖂ ̝ ˯ ઄ ‫ ؠ‬Ğ postulate ğ ˘ ࣎ Ξ Җ ۞ ྽ ᇇ ‫׏ ڱ‬ ĞMorgenthau, 1979: 10ğĄķ˵ಶߏᄲĂᇝॲ৶࠹‫ܫ‬Їң྽ᇇఢ‫ౌ݋‬ѣ‫׎‬ ৠጯૄᖂĄયᗟߏĂд͵ࠧቑಛ̰Ă఺ᇹ۞ૄᖂхд๜ĉࢋநྋᇝॲ৶၆ ఺࣎યᗟ۞࠻‫ڱ‬Ăυื҂ᇋ΁۞˘࣎ࢦࢋ۞‫ޥ‬ຐஅ໚Ăಶߏκ‫ܚ‬ᄃࢮұ۞ ‫ޥ‬ຐĄ ᇝॲ৶അҋࢗ‫ޥ׎‬ຐஅ໚Ă೩‫ז‬ѝѐ‫זצ‬κ‫ܚ‬ՙ‫۞ّؠ‬ᇆᜩĄ14 κ‫۞ܚ‬

12 13

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2009a: 54ğĄΞ֍၆ᇝॲ৶҃֏Ă૵ᇇ۞͹ૺೀͼΞͽᄲߏ൘͉—ૄ༛‫ି؟‬྽ᇇ៍۞ ᖙ‫ۍ‬ĄϤѩΞ֍ૄ༛‫ࣖ۞ି؟‬ந៍дᇝॲ৶͕ϫ̚Κፂ८͕۞гҜĄᙯ‫ٺ‬൘͉ęૄ༛ ‫ି؟‬྽ᇇ៍дᇝॲ৶‫ޥ‬ຐ̚۞ࢦࢋّĂણ֍ Murray (1996)ćMollov (2002: 47-61)Ą Lecture 11, 15 May 1962, Morgenthau Papers, Box 171, p. 22. ᖼ͔ҋ Neacsu (2010: 154)Ą д੅ኢ‫ז‬ˠᝋᛉᗟॡĂᇝॲ৶˵ᄲĂˠࣇ၆‫ٺ‬೼࿆྽ᇇ۞̰உΪਕடീĂ‫̙ݒ‬ΞਕԆ Бቁ‫ؠ‬ĞMorgenthau, 1979: 17, 25, 36ğĄ Letter to Samuel H. Magill, 5 January 1962, Morgenthau Papers, Box 39. ᖼ͔ҋ Neacsu (2010: 26, 51)Ą

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

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ᇆᜩ͹ࢋܑனдĶ˯‫̏ޓ‬Ѫķ۞‫هܫ‬Ă఺࣎‫هܫ‬Ξͽϡт˭˘߱ྖֽܑࢗĈ т‫ڍ‬Ұ‫ٸ‬ୢૄ༛‫ܫ‬Ј۞ॡ࣏ĂҰಶԯ၆ૄ༛‫۞ି؟‬྽ᇇ៍۞ᝋӀ Ğthe right to Christian Moralityğଂҋ̎ཙ‫˭غ‬٩΍ֽĄ఺჌྽ᇇ៍ ԆБ̙ߏ̙ᙋҋ‫۞ځ‬ČČт‫ڍ‬ҰԯιĞү۰޷Ĉ޽ૄ༛‫ି؟‬ğ۞˘ ࣎͹ࢋໄ‫ه‬Ğ˵ಶߏ၆˯‫هܫ۞ޓ‬ğχ৔ॡĂҰಶજອ˞ፋ࣎‫ܫ‬ЈĈ Ұ۞͘̚ࠤᆃౌ՟ѣ˞ĞNietzsche, 1998: 45ğĄ ၆‫۞هܫ࣎఺ٺ‬ຍஉĂMihaela Neacsu (2010: 23) ࣄϡ Michael William (2005: 7) ۞ྖֽΐͽྚᛖĂᄮࠎன΃߆‫۞ڶېڼ‬পᇈಶд‫ٺ‬Ĉ၆‫ٺ‬ңᏜචᄃৌந ৿͌‫۞ؠ׽‬நྋĞthe lack of fixed understandings of the good and the trueğĄ ఺࣎ኢᗟ۞ࢦࢋّߏĂκ‫ޥ۞ܚ‬ຐ˫౅࿅ࢮұ۞̬҃̚ᇆᜩ˞ᇝॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ ຐćٕ۰ᄲĂࢮұ۞ߙֱ͹ૺߏԯκ‫۞ޘטͽ֍߽۞ܚ‬ᄬ֏ࢦາܑࢗĞNeacsu, 2010: 57ğ Ą15 ࢮұᄮࠎԧࣇ఺࣎ॡ΃۞পᇈߏநّ̼Ğrationalizationğͽ̈́ Ķ͵ࠧ۞ੵጃķĞdisenchantment of the worldğĂ҃ٙᏜ۞Ķੵጃķ޽۞ߏ ௣ໂ۞ᆊࣃ̏གྷଂ̳ВϠ߿̚ঐεĂၣੜ‫ז‬෹෸۞ৠ৪Ϡ߿̚ĞWeber, 1946b: 155ğĄϡࢮұҋ̎۞ྖֽᓾĈĶ၆‫ٺ‬Ϡ‫۞׻‬౵௣Ξਕ۞ၗ‫ߏޘ‬൑‫ڱ‬ ࠹̢አ‫۞׶‬Ğirreconcilableğ ĂЯѩιࣇ̝ม۞੽‫̙ۋ‬Ξਕ଀‫ז‬౵௣۞ྋՙĄ Яѩυ൒ࢋઇ΍˘࣎ՙ‫۞ّؠ‬ᏴፄĞdecisive choiceğĞWeber, 1946b: 152ğ Ąķ 16

఺࣎ኢᕇ۞ࢦࢋຍཌྷд‫ٺ‬Ăдૄ༛‫۞ି؟‬ᝋ‫ރ‬ё຋̝‫ޢ‬ĂĶᆊࣃ኏ࡎ۞

15

ᇝॲ৶അҋࢗĂ΁дᇍκโ̂ጯ᝝३ॡĂഅᏴ࣒ Karl Rothenbücher ۞૞ᗟࡁտኝĂྍ ኝ඀۞͹ᗟߏࢮұ۞߆‫ڼ‬ᄃۤົࣰጯĄᇝॲ৶ᄲ˯ኝॡ΁ົд͕̚ซҖ Rothenbücheră ࢮұᄃ΁ҋ̎۞ˬ֎၆ྖĄ˫ᄲࢮұ۞߆‫ޥڼ‬ຐጾѣٙѣ΁ຐࢋԱ۞ംᙊᄃ྽ᇇ‫ݡ‬ኳĂ ఺჌‫ݡ‬ኳд༊ॡ̂ጯ̰γ۞͛ᚥ̚ౌԱ̙‫ז‬ĞMorgenthau, 1984: 6-7ğĄ ੫၆ѩ˘Ķᆊࣃ኏ࡎ̙ΞᔖҺķ۞‫׻‬ᗟĂѣઠЩᆶߤˠ೩યĈĶд‫ܧ‬Ҙ͞͵ٕࠧΟ΃ ۞ለ߷Ă̙Т‫ࣰٕି؟‬ጯ‫ޥ‬ຐม۞ᆊࣃ኏ࡎ̙֭ց֍Ă҃ԇ‫ځ‬நጯٕለ߷‫ৼݷܠ‬೻۞ Įৠጯ̂БįĂ‫ܸ͵ߏ݋‬ᄃ‫ޥܸ͵ܧ‬ຐมԶਾአ‫ּ̄۞׶‬Ą̙ኢૄ༛‫ି؟‬ᝋ‫ރ‬ё຋ᄃ ӎĂᆊࣃ኏ࡎౌΞਕхдĂ҃ͷ˵Ξਕజਫ਼ᔖĄķү۰ԆБТຍĂᆊࣃ኏ࡎٕ۰‫ି؟‬ ᄃ͵ܸ۞኏ࡎቁ၁ѣΞਕд‫΁׎‬ॡ۩ᒖဩ̚൴ϠĂ҃ͷˠࣇ˵ΞͽԱ‫ז‬Ч჌͞ёਫ਼ᔖ ιĄҭώ͛۞͹ўΪߏྏဦӔனᇝॲ৶ఢቑኢࢗ۞̰дநྮĂҌ‫ٺ‬ү۰ώˠߏӎТຍ ٕ͚޺ᇝͩ۞ϲಞᄃኢᕇĂ‫݋‬Ω༊ҾኢĂ҃ͷ఺˵̙ߏώ͛۞ຍဦĄಶለ߷‫ޥ‬ຐ൴ण Ϋ҃֏Ăٕధ͵ܸᄃ‫۞ି؟‬኏ࡎѝ̏хдĂ˵ѣᅮࢋአ‫۞׶‬ᑅ˧Ąҭ఺჌‫ޥ‬ຐ˯۞ᅮ ࢋΞਕᔘ՟̂‫ࢋז‬ညκ‫֤ܚ‬ᇹࢋĶࢦҤ˘̷ᆊࣃ۞ૄᖂķ۞гՎĂЯࠎдȈ˝͵ࡔ̝ ݈லౣૄ༛‫ି؟‬ᔘߏለ߷ˠВТ۞‫ܫ‬ЈĄྕтࢮұٙᄲĈĶଊଊ˼ѐĂԧࣇౌ૞˘г

16

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

υ൒ّķߏ൑Ξਫ਼ᔖ۞ˠᙷ఍ဩĂҭߏ‫ض̙ޝ‬гĂ఺჌ᆊࣃ኏ࡎ൑‫౅ڱ‬࿅ ࡊጯ۞ซणֽྋՙĂЯѩ౵௣Ϊਕ౅࿅Ķՙ‫ؠ‬ķֽઇ΍ᆊࣃᏴፄĞSchluchter ඾Ă᏿ϖேăᜪ‫م‬රᛌĂ1991Ĉ114ćTurner, 2009: 61-62ğĄ ఺࣎ĶᆊࣃᏴፄ۞౵௣ՙ‫ߏؠ‬൑ΞᔖҺķ۞ኢᗟஎஎгᇆᜩ˞ᇝॲ৶ ۞߆‫ޥڼ‬҂Ąᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎĂԧࣇ߿д˘࣎͵ܸ۞ॡ΃Ğsecular ageğĂˠࣇ ̏གྷ၆Ω˘࣎͵ࠧ۞̙ѤεΝ‫͕ܫ‬Ă‫̙ି؟‬Гߏା᝞۞ܲᙋĂЯ҃யϠ˘ ჌Ķԛ҃˯ጯ۞൏ᇋķĞmetaphysical anxietiesğĞNeacsu, 2010: 71-72ğĄд ఺࣎ॡ΃Ăˠࣇ၆‫ࣧٺ‬Яă‫ޠؠ‬ᄃຍཌྷ۞੠ವΪਕ଀‫̙ז‬ԆБ۞ྋඍĂٕ ۰ॲώ൑‫ڱ‬ྋඍć઱˘ቁ‫ְ۞ؠ‬ĂߏĶۢᙊ۞͑෪ᄃ൑ۢ۞ቁ‫ّؠ‬ķĞthe illusion of knowledge and the certainty of ignoranceğĄдࡊጯ۞ᅳાĂٕధ ᔘਕડ̶ৌᄃ઄ćҭߏдҖજ۞ᅳાĂ‫ݒ‬൑‫ڱ‬ડ̶рᄃᗼăѣᆊࣃᄃ൑ᆊ ࣃĞMorgenthau, 1972: 25-29ćNeacsu, 2010: 75ğĄϤ‫఺ٺ‬჌ԛ˯ጯ۞൏ᇋĂ ᇝॲ৶ડ̶˞Ķ඗၆۞චķ Ğthe absolute goodğᄃĶ࠹၆۞චķ Ğthe relative goodğĂ֭ԯ݈۰ᕩ̝‫ࣰڼ߆ٺ‬ጯ۞ᅳાĂх̙҃ኢĄ΁ᄲĈĶԧࣇ߿д˘ ࣎ԛ˯ጯ۞ຍᙊП፟̚ČČ఺߽࣎֍ԯ྽ᇇ༰ᐈдˠ۞ីᅿ̚Ă̫͇Ϊѣ д֤࣎ᅳાιᔘਕͽ‫͞۞៍މ‬ё፾ҋхдķ Ą΁ᔘᄮࠎд߆‫ڼ‬Җજ۞ᅳાĂ ՟ѣ˘࣎၆‫ٺ‬ٙѣˠౌߏϒቁ۞઱˘ৌநĞ“there is no such thing as one and the same truth for everyone”ğĂЯѩ̙ᑕྍឰ‫۞ି؟‬Ķৌநķ̒࿰߆‫ڼ‬ ۞ҖજĞMorgenthau, 1962b: 243-244ćTurner, 2009: 71ğĄጐგ΁ҋ̎ତ‫צ‬ ૄ༛‫ܫ۞ି؟‬ЈĂᄮࠎц‫أ‬มхд˘࣎˯‫ޓ‬͔ٙጱ۞྽ᇇ৩ԔĂҭߏ఺࣎ ৩Ԕ۞̰टࠎңĂˠࣇΪਕடീĂ҃ͷ൑‫ڱ‬ቁ‫ߏؠ‬ӎட଀ϒቁĞMorgenthau, 1979: 17, 25, 36ćMolloy, 2009: 94ğ ĄЯѩĂϒཌྷ۞៍‫૲ــ˵ه‬ѣ࠹၆ّĈ

ᕩֶૄ༛ିࣖநԈઈ۞ૄώჟৠĞpathosğĂፂᄲ̙അ࿅ѣ˟͕ć఺჌૞‫ڦ‬Ă̏གྷዌት ˞ԧࣇ۞ீ༗ć̙࿅Ăԧࣇ̼͛۞‫̏ྻ׻‬གྷ‫ؠڦ‬Ăԧࣇ૟Г‫୻ޘ‬຾гຍᙊ‫ז‬Ăкৠ̖ ߏ͟૱Ϡ߿۞ன၁ĞWeber ඾Ăᘲ˳ᄇඈᛌĂ1991aĈ157ćWeber, 1946b: 149ğĄķࢮ ұᔘᄲĂߏκ‫ܚ‬ឰԧࣇГ‫ޘ‬ᒢྋ఺࣎྽நĞWeber ඾Ăᘲ˳ᄇᛌĂ1991aĈ156ćWeber, 1946b: 148ğĄЯѩԧࣇΞͽᄲĂᆊࣃк̮۞ְ၁ٕధѝ̏хдĂҭ‫إ‬Ϗజ୻຾гᄮᙊ ‫ז‬Ąҭߏ‫ࢮ˞ז‬ұᄃᇝॲ৶۞ॡ΃Ăॡ΃ঈ‫̏ڤ‬གྷ̙̂࠹ТĂҌ͌ࡊጯ۞ซण̏གྷ࠹ ༊඀‫˯ޘ‬ၨ໑˞‫ܫ‬Јૄ༛‫ૄ۞ି؟‬ᖂĄ൑ኢтңĂٕధ၆‫ૄܧٺ‬༛व҃֏ĂĶᆊࣃ኏ ࡎ̙ΞᔖҺķώֽಶߏ˘ְ࣎၁Ąҭߏಶᇝॲ৶ώˠ۞‫ޥ‬ຐநྮ҃֏Ă఺Ķᆊࣃ኏ࡎ ̙ΞᔖҺķ۞‫׻‬ᗟ‫׍ݒ‬ѣࢦࢋ۞ॡ΃ຍཌྷĄ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

83

Ķдགྷរ˯ԧࣇ൴னĂѣк͌჌ϲಞಶѣк͌჌ϒཌྷ៍ĂЯ҃ϒཌྷ۞݄ક ૅ࠱ಶঐྋࠎк჌Ӏৈᄃ៍ᕇ۞࠹၆ّĞMorgenthau, 1970: 65ğĄķೱ࣎ྵ ̙ྒ̂۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬Ăᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎĂ͵ࠧЧг၆‫ٺ‬ВචĞcommon goodğă‫ޠڱ‬ă ‫׶‬πă৩ԔăϠ‫׻‬ăҋϤă੠Ր‫ض‬჊ඈඈ۞ෞᆊᇾ໤Ăጐგଂࣰጯ៍ᕇ࠻ ֽхд࠹༊۞˘࡭ّć൒҃྽ᇇҿᕝᄃ߆‫ڼ‬ҿᕝ‫ݒ‬ពϯ΍࠹༊̂۞मள ĞMorgenthau, 1954: 238ğĄѣᝥ‫ٺ‬ѩĂᇝॲ৶͹ૺĈ߆‫ڼ‬ᅳાυืѣ‫׎‬ҋ Ğ఺ಶߏன၁͹ཌྷ̱ࣧ‫۞̚݋‬ௐ̱୧ğĄ ͹ّĞthe autonomy of political sphereğ ͽ˯ߏଂ‫ޥ‬ຐᆸࢬྋᛖᇝॲ৶۞Ķ࠹၆͹ཌྷķĄ൒҃Ăᇝॲ৶̝ٙͽ ଳ‫఺פ‬჌ϲಞĂᔘѣ‫΁׎‬၁ኹ˯۞҂ᇋĄᇝॲ৶޽΍ĂдȈ˛ˣ͵ࡔॡለ ߷۞ෳ୉ᄃγϹ‫̝ء‬มѣ࠹༊੼۞ТኳّĂҋ̎ၹј˘࣎ۤົĂᏲч඾෹ ઼छ۞྽ᇇᇾ໤Ąҭߏ఺჌઼ᅫ۞྽ᇇඕၹдϔ୉͹ཌྷᄃϔ͹̼΍ன̝‫ޢ‬ ൴Ϡ˞ॲώّ۞ត̼Ă઼छ͹ཌྷᑅࣆ˞઼ᅫ͹ཌྷĂᖞ͟γϹ۞ԁ‫ם‬Զਾ۞ ᐹᕇ̙ೇхдĂ‫̙ߏ۞̝΃҃פ‬Т઼छม̙Т྽ᇇ៍۞੽‫ۋ‬Ą఺჌੽‫ۋ‬ᄃ ຍᙊ‫ݭ‬ၗ۞मளඕЪ̝‫ޢ‬Ăಶེ̼ࠎĶϠ߿͞ё̝‫ۋ‬ķć̙Тຍᙊ‫ݭ‬ၗ‫ـ‬ ‫كـ‬ѩ̙ͪͫटĂЯ҃૲ѣȈф࢕۞ճሤĞMorgenthau, 1954: 220-230ğĄ д఺჌઼ᅫᒖဩ˭Ă΁ᄮࠎĈ ٙѣ۞઼छӮдૻধ۞ᄵೊ˭ČČ૱૱ͽц‫۞أ‬྽ᇇϫᇾֽପ࿹ҋ ̎۞পঅᙸ୕‫׶‬ҖજĄۢ྽઼छ‫ٺטצ‬྽ᇇ‫˘ߏޠ‬аְĂં྅д઼ ᅫᙯܼ̚ቁ၁ۢ྽ң۰ࠎචң۰ࠎೋĂ‫ߏݒ‬ၟ൒̙Т۞Ω˘а ְĄČČࡶᄮࠎ˯‫ޓ‬ϖᅈ৭дҋ̎۞˘ᙝĂҋ̎ٙᙸ୕۞Ăυ൒˵ ߏ˯‫ޓ‬ٙᙸ୕۞Ă֤ᖎۡߏᓵᕮ۞۠‫ܫ‬ĞMorgenthau, 1954: 10ğĄ17 ΁ᔘᄲĂᅅதг૟প‫۞ؠ‬ϔ୉͹ཌྷᄃ˯‫۞ޓ‬ຍўĞProvidenceğ൪˯ඈཱིĂ ߏ˘჌᝭ๆ۞ཋೋĞsin of prideğĂ఺჌ၗ‫ޘ‬ट‫ٽ‬ౄјҿᕝ˯۞ԮѡĂдȈ ф ࢕ ё ճ ሤ ̝ ˭ Ă ‫ ົ ـ ـ‬໑ ໝ ઼ छ ᄃ ͛ ‫ ځ‬Ğ Morgenthau, 1954: 10ć cf. Morgenthau, 1952: 984ğϤѩΞ֍Ăᇝॲ৶၆઼ᅫ྽ᇇଳ‫˘פ‬჌‫ͼܕ‬Ķ࠹၆ ͹ཌྷķ۞ၗ‫ޘ‬Ăϫг˵ߏࠎ˞ᔖҺ྽ᇇ۞Ȉф࢕Ğmoral crusadeğٕ۰྽ ᇇๆၙĞhubrisğĂ҃΁۞ன၁͹ཌྷௐαࣧ‫݋‬ٙࢋ֨ͤ۞Ăಶߏ఺჌ҋͽࠎ 17

ᇝ ॲ ৶ д Ҿ ఍ ᄲ ĈĶ ૻ ۰ ᄃ ऴ ۰ ˘ ᇹ Ă ౌ ้ Ш ‫ ٺ‬ԯ ΁ ࣇ ۞ Ӏ ৈ ᄃ ϒ ཌྷ ൪ ˯ ඈ ཱི ĞMorgenthau, 1970: 62ğķĄ

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

ߏ۞᝭ๆĄᇝॲ৶ࠤҌᄲĂ΁۞ன၁͹ཌྷௐ˘ࣧ‫ͽ݋‬ᝋ˧ֽ‫ؠ‬ཌྷӀৈĂ˵ ߏૄ‫࣎఺ٺ‬҂ᇋĄЯࠎΪѣԯՏ઼࣎छౌ࠻јߏ੠ՐӀৈ۞߆‫ڼ‬ಏ̮Ăԧ ࣇ̖ਕ̳πг၆‫ޞ‬ٙѣ۞઼छĄٙᏜ̳πѣ‫࣎׌‬ຍཌྷĈԧࣇΞͽϡҿᕝҋ ઼̎छ۞ᇾ໤ֽҿᕝ‫઼΁׎‬छĂТॡԧࣇ˵ਕૉ಴ࢦ΁઼۞ӀৈĂಶтТ ԧࣇຐ᜕ܲҋ઼̎छ۞Ӏৈ˘ᇹĞMorgenthau, 1954: 10ğ Ą18 ఺࣎‫૲ܢ‬ຍ֍ ‫ࢋࢦޝ‬ĂЯࠎιᄲ‫˞ځ‬Ăጐგᇝॲ৶͹ૺͽᝋ˧‫ؠ‬ཌྷ઼छӀৈĂ఺̙΃ܑ ΁͹ૺ઼छᑕྍࢋҋռĄೱ֏̝Ă઼छҋӀΪߏ˘࣎གྷរೡࢗĂ̙ߏ˘࣎ ఢቑ͹ૺĄ Ϥ‫઼ٺ‬छӀৈ۞͹ૺ૱జᄮࠎඈТ‫ٺ‬ΪߏҋԧܲхĂٕΪߏҋռҋӀ ĞTucker, 1952: 221ğĂ఺̙྆Ӹ၆ᇝॲ৶۞઼छӀৈ៍кઇᄲ‫ځ‬Ąᇝॲ৶ ѣ˘࣎ѣ኷۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬ĂߏٙᏜ۞Ķ઼छӀৈ۞྽ᇇ಴ᚑķ Ğthe moral dignity of the national interestğĄ఺࣎ᄲ‫ڱ‬ѣೀᆸຍཌྷĄࢵАĂᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎĂಶϫ݈ ઼ᅫۤົ۞ၹј͞ё҃֏Ă‫ܜ‬ഇ‫ن‬ෛҋ̎۞઼छӀৈ̙ಀ‫ߏٺ‬ҋ୭Җࠎ ĞMorgenthau, 1950: 854ğĂЯѩٙѣ઼छ۞͹ࢋయЇߏࢋ໰ᜪҋ઼̎छ۞ ӀৈĄ఺̙Ϊߏ˘࣎྽ᇇᝋӀĂ҃ߏ˘࣎྽ᇇཌྷચĂЯࠎт‫ڍ‬ҋ̙̎໰ᜪ ҋ̎۞ӀৈĂ՟ѣ‫΁׎‬ˠົᑒ΁໰ᜪĄ 19 ҭੵ˞఺࣎ঐໂ۞நϤ̝γĂᔘ ѣ˘࣎᎕ໂ۞᜜᜕Ĉд৿͌˘࣎ፋЪ۞Ğintegratedğ઼ᅫۤົ۞ଐ‫˭ڶ‬Ă ౵Ҳࢨ‫۞ޘ‬৩Ԕͽ̈́౵Ҳ྽ᇇᆊࣃ۞၁னĞa modicum of order and the realization of a minimum of moral valuesğĂ ౌ ѣᏥ ‫ ઼ ٺ‬୉ ۤཏ ۞ х д ĞMorgenthau, 1950: 854ğĄೱ֏̝Ăჯ઼᜕छӀৈඈ‫ٺ‬มତჯ᜕˞઼ᅫۤ ົ۞хᜈĂЯ҃‫׍‬ѣ྽ᇇຍཌྷĄ ࣃ଀‫ڦ‬ຍ۞ߏĂૻአ઼छӀৈ̙֭ඈ‫ٺ‬͹ૺ઼छҌ˯Ąт݈ٙࢗĂૻ አ઼छӀৈ۞நϤ̝˘ĂߏЯࠎтѩ˘઼ֽछ҃ͅਕ̳πг҂ᇋ‫઼΁׎‬छ 18

19

дΩ˘఍Ăᇝॲ৶ࠤҌᄲĂυืࢋĶԯ࣎Ҿ઼छ۞পঅӀৈྫྷ‫׶‬πᄃ৩Ԕ۞˘ਠӀৈ ඕЪ੓ֽķ Ğcombine the particular interests of individual nations with the general interest in peace and orderğĂ΁ᔘ͔ϡұҹĞEdmund Burkeğ۞ྖᄲĈĶϲ‫ڱ‬۰ᑕྍઇ‫ޠ‬र൑‫ڱ‬ ઇ۞ְćЯࠎ΁ࣇੵ˞Ᏺೈநّᄃ̳ϒ۞̂ࣧ‫̈́ͽ݋‬ˠᙷ۞఼ᙊĞgeneral senseğ̝γĂ Ҿ൑΁౉ĞMorgenthau, 1946: 120ğĄķ Hans J. Morgenthau, “What is the National Interest of the United States?” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 282 (1952), p. 4. ᖼ͔ҋ Scheuerman (2009a: 97)Ą

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

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۞ӀৈĄְ၁˯Ăᇝॲ৶ᔘ͹ૺĂ‫ؠ‬ཌྷ઼छӀৈॡυืТॡ˵҂ᇋ‫΁׎ז‬ ઼छ۞ӀৈĂ఺่̙ߏ߆‫ڼ‬྽ᇇٙࢋՐ۞ćд˘࣎Бࢬጼ‫۞ۋ‬ॡ΃Ă఺Т ॡ˵ߏቁ઼ܲछϠх۞ࢋՐĄд఺჌າ۞።Ϋ୧І˭ĂγϹ߆ඉ۞ࢵࢋЇ ચߏͽ‫׶‬π۞͞ёֽ੠Ր઼छӀৈĂ఺઼࣎छӀৈᑕྍߏણ໰‫઼۞΁׎‬छ Ӏ ৈ ҃ ѣ ࢨ г ă ந ّ г ΐ ͽ ‫ ؠ‬ཌྷ Ğ restrictively and rationally definedğ ĞMorgenthau, 1952: 977-978ğĄГ۰Ăᇝॲ৶ᔘૻአĂӀৈᄃϔ୉઼छ̝ ม۞ඕЪߏ።Ϋઊ൒ّ۞ய‫ۏ‬Ă૟ֽд።Ϋ࿅඀̚υ൒ົঐεĄன၁͹ཌྷ ̙֭ଵੵ఺჌ΞਕّĈϫ݈۞͵ࠧᔵ൒̶ෘࠎிкϔ୉઼छĂҭ૟ֽΞਕ ົజՀ̂۞߆‫ڼ‬ಏ̮ٙ‫΃פ‬ĞMorgenthau, 1954: 9ğĄְ၁˯Ă୎ഇ۞ᇝॲ ৶ᔘ၆͵ࠧ߆‫ᙸ۞ع‬ഀѣ࠹༊۞ᕏ‫ـ‬ᄃഇ‫ޞ‬Ą 20 ЯѩĂᇝॲ৶඗‫࣎˘ܧ‬ϔ ୉઼छҌ˯ኢ۰Ą ่̙тѩĂᇝॲ৶ࠤҌ၆઼୉͹ཌྷΐͽԲҿĄᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎĂன΃઼छ ΐᆐ˞߆‫ڼ‬ᅳા۞ჺ̼Ă఺ߏЯࠎன΃઼छᝀ൒̏གྷјࠎˠม۞˯‫ޓ‬ Ğmortal GodğĄ‫ߏٺ‬Ăώֽ྽ᇇࢋՐˠࣇдռˠᅳા̙̚ਕҋռĂҭߏд ߆‫ڼ‬ᅳા̚Ăͽ઼छ۞Щཌྷ҃ଳ‫۞פ‬ҋռҖજ‫ົݒ‬జෛࠎӀ΁ᄃຑ઼͹ཌྷ ۞ҖજĂЯ҃଀‫ז‬ခᐽᄃ៙࡚Ąೱ֏̝Ăጐგ੠Րᝋ˧۞୬୕дռˠᅳા ‫זצ‬ᑅԺĂ‫ݒ‬д઼छ۞۞ᆸѨ˯଀‫ז‬൴ࠈĂ҃ͅјࠎ઼छมᚮ‫۞ۋ‬જ˧ ĞMorgenthau, 1945: 15-16ğĄ఺̝྆ٙͽ೩‫࣎఺ז‬ኢᕇĂߏЯࠎι஝ঘ‫ז‬ ᇝॲ৶ᙯ‫ٺ‬Ķ߆‫֢۞ڼ‬ೋّķ۞ኢᗟĂ‫˭غ‬૟ซ˘Վᄲ‫ځ‬Ą

དྷă߆‫֢۞ڼ‬ೋّᄃయЇࣖந ᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗ༊̚Ă౵‫ۋ׍‬ᛉّ۞‫׻‬ᗟ˵ధߏಶߏĶ˘̷۞Җજ ᓁߏሕдг̙྽ᇇķĂ҃ͷ̙྽ᇇ۞඀‫ޘ‬д߆‫ڼ‬Җજͧ̚дռ˭Җજ̚Հࠎ ‫ځ‬ពĄጐგˠࣇ۞જ፟˘ਠ҃֏ߏ։ච۞ĂҖજ۞ඕ‫ــݒڍ‬൑‫ڱ‬т‫׎‬ٙ ᙸĄּт઼छ̝มкΗഇ୕‫׶‬πĂ࣎ˠ̝ม˵ຐࢋ‫׶‬ᏘĂҭ౵‫ـ۞ז଀ޢ‬ ‫ـ‬ᔘߏ኏ࡎᄃጼ‫ۋ‬ĞMorgenthau, 1945: 10-11ğĄңͽтѩ‫׸‬ĉᇝॲ৶೩΍ ˬ჌நϤĄ‫˘׎‬Ăˠᙷം˧۞͇൒ࢨ‫ֹޘ‬ˠ൑‫ڱ‬ԆБְАೠ೪‫׎‬Җજ۞ඕ 20

ᙯ‫ྖ࣎఺ٺ‬ᗟĂЯࠎቔ಼ࢨ‫ט‬Ăώ͛൑‫ڱ‬எˢ੅ኢĄણ֍ Scheuerman (2009a: 152-161)Ą

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

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‫ڍ‬Ăᓁѣ˘ֱٙᏜ۞Ķຍγķߏؕफ़ٙϏ̈́Ą‫˟׎‬Ăࢋдۤົ˯ϠхĂˠ υื႕֖к჌̙Т۞ᅮՐĂ҃ᅮՐ̝มΞਕߏ̢࠹኏ࡎ۞ĂЯѩ႕֖‫˘׎‬ Ξਕົጱ࡭Ω˘࣎൑‫ڱ‬႕֖ĄϤ‫ٺ‬ˠυืдТᇹ‫׍‬ѣϒ༊ّ۞̙ТᅮՐ̝ มઇԭፄĂಶ൑ΞᔖҺгົ‫ٸ‬ୢߙ࣎྽ᇇϫᇾ҃ᏴፄΩ˘࣎Ą‫׍‬វ۞ּ̄ ಶߏˠࣇ၆‫઼ٺ‬छ۞‫ົــྕم‬ᄃ၆Бវˠᙷ۞యЇ࠹኏ࡎĞMorgenthau, 1945: 11-12ğĄ ͽ˯఺‫࣎׌‬Я৵ߏጱ࡭྽ᇇҖજᙱͽ၁ன۞‫טࢨ៍މ‬Ąҭੵ˞఺‫࣎׌‬ ‫̝טࢨ۞៍މ‬γĂᔘѣௐˬ࣎நϤĞ˵ߏ౵̂۞ᅪᘣğߏֽҋˠّώ֗Ą ̝݈੅ኢᇝॲ৶۞ˠّኢॡ̏གྷ೩‫ז‬Ă΁ᄮࠎ੠Րᝋ˧۞୬୕ߏ̰д‫ٺ‬ˠ ّĂ҃߆‫۞ڼ‬ϫᇾಶߏ‫ဳۋ‬ଠ‫ט‬Ҿˠ۞ᝋ˧Ą఺྆ᇝॲ৶ซ˘Վ‫ކ‬ჍĂϒ ߏЯࠎᝋ˧୬൑̙ٙдĂౄј˞ˠᙷҖજ̚۞֢ೋ൑̙ٙдĞubiquity of evil in human actionğĞMorgenthau, 1945: 13-14ğĄ൒҃Ă̝݈۞੅ኢ̏གྷ ពϯĂᇝॲ৶̙֭͹ૺ߆‫ڼ‬ҖજΞͽҺੵ྽ᇇ۞‫ࡗט‬ć࠹ͅгĂ΁ᄮࠎĂ ጐგԧࣇ૱૱၆߆‫ڼ‬ҖજᄃռˠҖજଳ‫̙פ‬Т۞྽ᇇᇾ໤Ăҭ఺ܑ̙֭ϯ ѣ‫׌‬इ྽ᇇᇾ໤ĞMorgenthau, 1945: 14ğĄѣ኷۞ߏĂٕధϒЯࠎ΁̙‫ۺ‬д ߆‫ڼ‬ᅳા‫ٸ‬ୢ྽ᇇࢋՐĂ҃ͅயϠ˘࣎ໂ‫۞៍ೌޘ‬ኢአĈ߆‫ڼ‬ᝋ˧ᄃࣖந ̝ม۞Ϭ࠼ߏˠᙷхд̝̚ᙱͽ̼ྋ۞၆ϲĂ΁ԯιჍ̝ࠎˠᙷхд۞ኜ кࢦ̂۞˟̮၆ϲ̚۞˘࣎Ğone of the great antinomies of human existenceğ ĞMorgenthau, 1945: 17ğĄᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎĂĶ݈நّ͹ཌྷķॡ΃۞Ҙ͞‫ޥ‬ຐ็ ௚ĞপҾߏ൘͉—ૄ༛‫็۞ି؟‬௚ğĂ၆‫ٺ‬Ķ˯‫ޓ‬ᄃᜲ੿ăϠᄃѪăЍ‫ځ‬ ᄃโຳăචᄃೋăநّᄃ፬ଐķ̝ม۞ϖޮ੽‫ۋ‬ѣ‫ޝ‬எ‫۞ג‬ᄮᙊć൒҃ந ّ͹ཌྷ‫ࠎͽݒ‬நّ۞˧ณΞͽҹ‫۞̷˘ڇ‬ᅪᘣĂΪࢋྻϡநّăԱ၆͞‫ڱ‬Ă ˠᙷۤົಶਕ͟ᔌԆචĄᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎ఺჌நّ͹ཌྷ৿͌ĶϠ‫ೌ۞׻‬ᆐຏķ Ğthe tragic sense of lifeğćְ၁˯Ăధк۞̙‫ם‬አăϬ࠼ᄃ኏ࡎߏ̰д‫ٺ‬ ְ ‫ ۞ ۏ‬ώ ّ Ă Я ѩ ̙ ߏ Ѝ ጴ ˠ ᙷ ۞ ந ّ ಶ ਕ ྋ ՙ Ğ Morgenthau, 1946: 204-206ğĄநّ͹ཌྷ৿͌ೌᆐຏĂᅅதгຐ̼ྋ̙Ξአ‫۞׶‬၆ϲĂࢋᆃ૟ ྽ᇇ̼ࡗࠎ߆‫ڼ‬Ğតј৷ო۞ᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬ĂRealpolitikğĂࢋᆃ૟߆‫ࠎࡗ̼ڼ‬ ྽ᇇĞតј྽ᇇ͹ཌྷĂmoralismğ Ąдᇝॲ৶࠻ֽĂ఺‫׌‬჌้Шౌߏρ༴۞Ă

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

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ٕ۰ߏ̙࢑యЇĄ 21 在「邪惡無所不在」以及「政治與道德的對立無法根除」的認識下， 摩根索宣稱：「߆‫ࣖڼ‬நಶߏүೋ۞ࣖநĞPolitical ethics is indeed the ethics of doing evilğķĄ҃т‫ڍ‬үೋ൑ΞᔖҺĂ౵௣ಶΪਕߏдೀ჌Ξਕ۞Җજ ̚Ᏼፄྵ̙֢ೋ۞Ă఺˵ಶߏٙᏜĶ‫׌‬च࠹ᝋ‫׎פ‬ᅅķĞthe lesser evilğ۞ ࣧ‫݋‬ĞMorgenthau, 1945: 17ğĄтңநྋ఺࣎͹ૺ‫׸‬ĉᇝॲ৶۞࠻‫ߏڱ‬Ĉ д˘ਠ۞྽ᇇయЇ̝γĂ߆‫ڼ‬छᔘѣ˘࣎পҾ۞྽ᇇయЇĂಶߏॲፂ߆‫ڼ‬ ᘹఙ۞ఢ‫݋‬ѣംᇊгҖજĞact wiselyğĂтѩĂ‫آܮ‬ҖְĞexpediencyğ‫ܮ‬ јࠎ˘࣎྽ᇇయЇĄ‫׎‬நϤߏ߆‫ڼ‬Җજ൑ΞᔖҺгົᙯͼ΁ˠĂ̙҃‫ځ‬ം гҖજ૟ֹ΁ˠ‫ࡴצ‬ĄЯѩĂӈֹߏ΍‫ٺ‬։චજ፟۞ҖજĂт‫ͻ৿ڍ‬ംᇊĂ ‫׎‬ඕ‫ڍ‬૟ߏ˘ಞխᙱĂ఺д྽ᇇ˯࿁ͅ˞యЇࣖநĞethics of responsibilityğ ĞMorgenthau, 1945: 10ğĄ˘ਠ҃֏Ă‫آܮ‬Җְ૱૱జᄃᜁࠗ྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬൪ ˯ඈཱིĂҭߏ၆ᇝॲ৶҃֏Ăι҃ͅតј˞ߏ˘჌྽ᇇࢋՐĄ ᇝॲ৶ᙯ‫ٺ‬యЇࣖந۞͹ૺᄃᄲ‫ځڱ‬ពг૲ѣࢮұ‫ޥ‬ຐ۞Ғ૾ĂЯѩ ఺྆ԧࣇࢋ၆ࢮұ۞ኢࢗൾઇᄲ‫ځ‬Ăͽ‫ܮ‬Հ୻຾гӔனᇝॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ຐஅ ໚ĄࢮұᄮࠎĂᝋ˧ߏ˘̷߆‫̙ڼ‬Ξٕ৿۞̍‫׍‬ĂЯѩĶᝋ˧ώਕķ˜ߏ ߆‫ڼ‬छϒ૱ّኳ۞˘ొЊćҭ߆‫ڼ‬छ‫̙ݒ‬ਕࠎ˞ᝋ˧҃੠Րᝋ˧Ăӎ‫݋‬ಶ ߏĶ෍ၷķĞEitelkeit ٕ vanityğĄࢮұְ၁˯࠻̙੓఺჌Ķᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬ķĂᄮ ࠎ఺ߏԮѡ߆‫˧ڼ‬ณ۞౵ᚑࢦ۞͞ёĂЯࠎι৿͌˘჌Ğੵ˞ᝋ˧ͽγ۞ğ Ķ၁ኳ۞ϫᇾķĞsubstantive purposeğĄ΁ᄮࠎ߆‫ڼ‬т‫ࢋڍ‬ѣ̰д۞˧ณĂ ಶυื‫ڇ‬ચ‫ٺ‬প‫۞ؠ‬ϫᇾĞa causeğٕநຐĞWeber, 1946a: 116-117ćWeber ඾Ă᏿ϖேᛌĂ1991bĈ221-223ğĄ ൒҃Ăયᗟಶд‫ٺ‬Ă఺࣎ϫᇾٕநຐߏͽ̦ᆃԛё΍னĉࢮұᄮࠎĂ ˘̷ࣖநጱШ۞ҖજĞethically oriented conductğౌᕩᛳ‫׌ٺ‬჌நຐ‫۞ݭ‬໤ ‫݋‬ĞmaximsğĈĶ͕ԠࣖநķĞethic of ultimate end ٕ ethic of convictionğᄃ ĶయЇࣖநķĞethic of responsibilityğĄд఺̶࣎ᙷ̚Ă݈۰Ϊᙯ‫͕ڦ‬Ԡ۞ 21 ᇝॲ৶ᄲĈ Ķԯ߆‫ڼ‬྽ᇇ̼Ğpolitical moralisingğᄃ྽ᇇ൪˯ඈཱིĂͽ̈́ԯன၁͹ཌྷᄃ ‫ܧ‬྽ᇇ൪˯ඈཱིĂౌߏ৭̙ҝཙ۞Ąયᗟ̙ߏд྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬ᄃ৿ͻ྽ᇇ಴ᚑ۞઼छӀৈ ̝มઇᏴፄĂ҃ߏࢋд˘इ௲ᗓ߆‫ڼ‬ன၁۞྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬ᄃΩ˘इങॲ‫ڼ߆ٺ‬ன၁۞྽ᇇ ࣧ‫̝݋‬มઇᏴፄĞMorgenthau, 1951: 33ğĄķ

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

৷ሒّ̙͉҃дͼҖજ۞‫ڍޢ‬Ăι࠹‫ܫ‬ĶචЯυѣච‫ڍ‬ķćт‫ڍ‬Җજ۞ඕ ‫̙ڍ‬тٙᙸĂ֤ᆃయЇߏፋ࣎͵ࠧĂٕ۰ߏ΁ˠ۞ຌߎĂ̙҃дҋ̎Ą࠹ ͅгĂయЇࣖநຍᙊ‫ࠧ͵࣎఺ז‬дࣖந˯۞̙ЪநّĞthe ethical irrationality of the worldğĂ߆‫ڼ‬Җજ۞‫ڍޢ‬གྷ૱ᄃࣧА۞ຍဦԆБ̙̽੨Ą൘ѣࠤ۰Ă ιᒢྋ߆‫ڼ‬ᅳાυ൒ঘ̈́ᝋ˧ᄃ‫ྻ۞˧ڠ‬ϡĂ҃ච۞ϫ۞‫ــ‬υืᖣӄ‫ٺ‬ ̙͉྽ᇇٕࠤҌೋ۞̖߱͘ਕ၁னĄೱ֏̝Ă఺࣎͵ࠧߏᜲ੿ٙ௚‫۞ڼ‬Ă ঘˢ߆‫۞ڼ‬ˠߏᄃᜲ੿ࢎ˞‫ࡗݵ‬Ą˘࣎ᙯ͕ីᅿା᝞۞ˠĂ̙ਕͽ߆‫ֽڼ‬ ੠Ր఺࣎ϫᇾĂЯࠎ߆‫ڼ‬ѣԆБ̙Т۞ϫᇾĂ҃‫ޢ‬۰Ϊਕያ‫ֽ˧ڠ‬ྋՙ ĞWeber, 1946a: 116-128ćWeber ඾Ă᏿ϖேᛌĂ1991bĈ227-235ğĄ д఺‫׌‬჌ࣖநࣧ‫̝݋‬มࢋтңԭፄ‫׸‬ĉࢮұᄮࠎĂ՟ѣˠਕӘ෦ԧ ࣇĂտౣᑕྍଳ‫˘ࣹפ‬჌ࣖந̖ߏ၆۞ćࠤҌᄲĂӈֹ˘࣎ᏴፄయЇࣖந ۞ˠĂдˠϠ̚۞ߙֱॡ‫˵ג‬൑‫ڱ‬ᔖҺଳ‫˘פ‬჌ତ‫͕ܕ‬Ԡࣖந۞ၗ‫ޘ‬ĄЯ ѩĂ͕ԠࣖநᄃయЇࣖந̝มĂ֭‫ܧ‬ԆБ࠹̢ଵϋĂ҃ߏѣߙ჌̢ྃᙯܼ ĞWeber, 1946a: 127ćWeber ඾Ă᏿ϖேᛌĂ1991bĈ236-237ğĄ఺࣎ᄲ‫ڱ‬ ‫ޝ‬ट‫͔ٽ‬੓‫ۋ‬ኢĞSchluchter ඾Ă᏿ϖேăᜪ‫م‬රᛌĂ1991ćStarr, 1999ğĂ ҭϤ‫ٺ‬ώ͛۞‫ؠ‬Ҝ͹ࢋᔘߏдଣ੅ᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗĂЯѩ̙χზঘˢ఺ ᇹ۞‫ۋ‬ኢĄү۰Ϊᅮ޽΍Ăጐგ‫׌‬۰Ξਕхдߙ჌̢ྃᙯܼĂፋវ҃֏ࢮ ұᔘߏ้Ш‫ٺ‬෵Ҳ͕ԠࣖநӈΞĄ఺྆ԧࣇͧྵᙯ͕۞યᗟߏĂࢮұ۞ኢ ࢗтңᇆᜩᇝॲ৶۞ఢቑ‫ޥ‬ຐĂ҃఺˫ᄃࢮұ෵Ҳ͕Ԡࣖந۞நϤѣᙯĂ Яѩԧࣇࢋΐͽஎˢ҂၅Ą ࢵАĂࢮұᄮࠎĂ͕Ԡࣖந้Ш‫ٺ‬ϡϫ۞ֽ૟߱͘ཐሒ̼Ă఺ҲҤ˞ ϫ۞ᄃ̝߱͘มΞਕхдღૺᙯܼĄ؇Җ͕Ԡࣖந۞ˠٕధ࠹‫ܫ‬ĂĶචЯ υѣච‫ڍ‬Ą҃ೋЯυѣೋ‫ڍ‬ĄķҭࢮұᄮࠎĈĶĺචĻ۞ϫ۞Ă‫ــ‬υืᖣ ӄ‫ٺ‬д྽ᇇ˯јયᗟ۞ăٕҌ͌ߏѣ྽ᇇ˯Ξཱ̝ᐍ۞߱͘Ă݂඾யϠཋ ೋ۞ઘड़‫۞ڍ‬ΞਕّࠤҌ፟தĂ̖ਕ྿јĄķЯѩĂٙᏜĶචЯυѣච‫ڍ‬ķ ඗‫ܧ‬၁ଐĞWeber, 1946a: 121-123ćWeber ඾Ă᏿ϖேᛌĂ1991b: 228-231ğĄ ̝݈അ೩‫ז‬Ăᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎĶ˘̷۞Җજᓁߏሕдг̙྽ᇇķĂ‫࣎˘۞̚׎‬ நϤߏĈˠᙷം˧۞͇൒ࢨ‫ֹޘ‬ˠ൑‫ڱ‬ԆБְАೠ೪‫׎‬Җજ۞ඕ‫ڍ‬Ăᓁѣ ˘ֱٙᏜ۞Ķຍγķߏؕफ़ٙϏ̈́Ąᇝॲ৶఺࣎ᄲ‫ڱ‬Ăೀͼಶߏࢮұ۞Ķϫ ۞ᄃ̝߱͘ม۞ღૺᙯܼķ۞ᖙ‫ۍ‬Ąᄃѩ࠹ᙯ۞ߏĂࢮұࠤҌᄮࠎĂĶ఺

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

89

࣎͵ࠧߏᜲৠٙ௚‫۞ڼ‬Ăۢ྽ଡˢ߆‫۞ڼ‬ˠęಶߏ‫פ‬ᝋ˧‫۞߱͘ࠎ˧ڠ׶‬ ˠę‫˧۞੿ᜲ׶‬ณ቙ඕ˞‫ؠם‬Ąķ൒҃Ă͕Ԡࣖந۞‫ܫ‬व‫̙ݒ‬ᒢྋ఺˘ᕇĂ Ķд߆‫˯ڼ‬၁ᅫߏ࣎ρආķĞWeber, 1946a: 123ćWeber ඾Ă᏿ϖேᛌĂ 1991bĈ231ğĄᇝॲ৶ٙᏜ۞Ķ֢ೋ൑̙ٙдķĂΞͽᄲ࠹༊඀‫ײ˯ޘ‬ᑕࢮ ұ఺࣎ኢአĄ ‫׎‬ѨĂॲፂ Wolfgang Schluchter ۞ྚᛖĂ͕ԠࣖநᄃయЇࣖந̝ม۞ ĞSollenğ̝ ˘࣎ࢦࢋડҾĂಶд‫ٺ‬ιࣇ၆ĶਕࠎķĞKönnenğᄃĶᑕࠎķ ม۞ᙯܼෞᆊ̙ТĄ၆‫ܫٺ‬؇͕Ԡࣖந۞ˠ҃֏Ă Ķᑕ൒ķߏ઱˘۞҂ᇋĂ ਕӎ྿ј̙ߏࢦᕇĄҭߏࢮұᄮࠎੵጃ‫ࠧ͵۞ޢ‬υื‫ڇ‬ଂ఺ᇹ۞ࣧ‫݋‬Ĉ Ķᑕ ൒ķᛃӣ඾ĶਕࠎķĞSollen impliziert Könnenğ ĞSchluchter ඾Ă᏿ϖேă ᜪ‫م‬රᛌĂ1991Ĉ110ğĄ̝݈೩‫ז‬Ăᇝॲ৶അᄲĈ Ķԯ߆‫ڼ‬྽ᇇ̼Ğpolitical moralisingğᄃ྽ᇇ൪˯ඈཱིĂͽ̈́ԯன၁͹ཌྷᄃ‫ܧ‬྽ᇇ൪˯ඈཱིĂౌߏ৭ ̙ҝཙ۞Ąયᗟ̙ߏд྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬ᄃ৿ͻ྽ᇇ಴ᚑ۞઼छӀৈ̝มઇᏴፄĂ ҃ߏࢋд˘इ௲ᗓ߆‫ڼ‬ன၁۞྽ᇇࣧ‫݋‬ᄃΩ˘इങॲ‫ڼ߆ٺ‬ன၁۞྽ᇇࣧ ‫̝݋‬มઇᏴፄĞMorgenthau, 1951: 33ğĄķ఺ߏᇝॲ৶၆ٙᏜĶநຐ͹ཌྷ۰ķ ۞ԲෞĂ఺࣎Բෞᛃӣ۞݈೩ೀͼಶߏࢮұ఺࣎Ķᑕ൒ķᛃӣ඾Ķਕࠎķ ۞͹ૺĄ ‫ˬ׎‬Ăࢮұ۞ኢࢗᔘѣ˘࣎‫݈۞ࢋࢦޝ‬೩ĂಶߏٙᏜĶᆊࣃᅳાķ۞ ̶̼Ąࢮұԯˠ۞Ϡ߿̶јࡊጯă‫ି؟‬ă߆‫ڼ‬ăགྷᑻăᘹఙăࣖநඈኜĶᆊ ࣃᅳાķĂд఺ֱᆊࣃᅳા̚ĂĶࣖநķ఺࣎ᆊࣃᅳાᔵ൒‫׍‬ѣĶপঅ۞಴ ᚑķĂҭ‫̼͛΁׎‬ᆊࣃ˵ߏĶᑕྍ੠Ր۞ķĂЯѩࣖநᄃ‫̼͛΁׎‬ᆊࣃ‫ޝ‬Ξ ਕ఍д൑‫ڱ‬ᔖҺăࠤҌ൑‫̼ڱ‬ྋ۞኏ࡎ̚Ąтѩ˘ֽĂѣֱĶ၁ኹّķ۞ યᗟĞּт‫߆ົّٕۤޘט‬ඉયᗟğಶ൑‫ڱ‬ಏଂࣖநώ֗ᒔ଀‫ځ‬ቁ۞ඍ९Ą ఺ຍ‫ק‬඾ĂՏ࣎ᆊࣃᅳાౌၹј˘࣎Ķ࠹၆ҋ͹۞ᆊࣃ৩ԔķĂЧѣ‫׎‬Ķ‫׽‬ ѣ‫ّ݋ڱ‬ķĄ఺჌ᆊࣃᅳાม۞኏ࡎĂдĶࣖநķᄃĶ߆‫ڼ‬ķ̝มܑன଀ পҾ‫ځ‬ពĄ͍ѣࠤ۰Ăᆊࣃ኏ࡎ̙ΪΞਕ൴Ϡд̙Тᅳા̝มĂࠤҌдࣖ நᅳા̰ొĂপ‫݋ࣧ۞ؠ‬Ğּтϒཌྷğ۞ຍཌྷĂ˵̙ߏಏጴߙ࣎ࣖந໤‫݋‬ ಶਕቁ‫ؠ‬Ą̙Т۞ࣖந໤‫̝݋‬มΞਕಶхд඾኏ࡎĂ҃఺኏ࡎ̙֭ߏࣖந ώ֗Ξͽྋՙ۞ĞWeber, 1949: 15ćૺ‫̋ٻ‬Ă1998Ĉ276-277ćSchluchter ඾Ă᏿ϖேăᜪ‫م‬රᛌĂ1991Ĉ111ğĄଂ఺྆ԧࣇΞͽ࠻‫ז‬Ăᇝॲ৶ٙᏜ

90

ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

۞Ķ߆‫۞ڼ‬ҋ͹ّķᄃĶநّ൑‫ڱ‬ྋՙϬ࠼ķ۞͹ૺĂೀͼಶߏࢮұ఺࣎ Ķᆊࣃᅳા̶̼ķኢࢗ۞ᖙ‫ۍ‬Ą ౵‫ޢ‬Ă၆ࢮұ҃֏Ăдૄ༛ି۞ᝋ‫ރ‬ё຋̝‫ޢ‬ĂĶᆊࣃ኏ࡎ۞υ൒ّķ ߏ൑Ξਫ਼ᔖ۞ˠᙷ఍ဩĄд఺࣎Ķ̙ۢѣৠĂ՟ѣАۢķ۞ॡ΃ĂĶˠΪ ਕॲፂҋ̎۞։͕ٕ΁࣎ˠ۞͵ࠧ៍Ăд఺ֱ࠹̢኏ࡎ۞ᆊࣃมซҖᏊ ณĂ֭ઇ΍ҋ̎۞Ᏼፄٕԁ‫ם‬Ğૺ‫̋ٻ‬Ă1998Ĉ285-286ğĄķ22 ͍ѣࠤ۰Ă Տ࣎ˠυืд̙Т۞ࣖந៍̝มઇ΍ԭፄĂ‫ޓ˯࣎˘ࣹ̚׎‬Ăࣹ˘࣎ߏᜲ ੿ĄЧᅳાᄃᆊࣃม۞੽‫ۋ‬ಶ‫ؤ‬тኜৠ۞੽‫ۋ‬Ăኡߏኡ‫ܧ‬Ă֭‫ܧ‬ጯఙĞٕ ࡊጯğ Ğscienceğώ֗ٙਕՙ‫ؠ‬Ă౵௣͹ङ˜ߏ‫ྻ׻‬ĞWeber, 1946b: 148ğĄ ᓁ̝Ăᆊࣃᄃࣖந៍۞ԭፄߏ൑ΞᔖҺ۞ĂЯѩ၆̝ઇ΍ՙᕝ̖ߏ࢑యЇ ۞ઇ‫ڱ‬ćĶయЇࣖநķ༊̚۞ĶయЇķ˘ෟ۞ࢋཌྷΞͽᄲಶд఺྆Ą൒҃ Ķ͕Ԡࣖநķ۞੠ᐌ۰‫ྏݒ‬ဦдᆊࣃк̮۞͵ࠧჯ᜕˘࣎ᆸ৺৩ԔĂι۞ ПᐍّߏĶ౵‫ົޢ‬ጱ࡭ۤົᙯܼ۞‫ౕދ‬Ăඕၹّк̮‫׶‬ᆊࣃ኏ࡎ۞໑ໝĄķ д߆‫ڼ‬ᅳા྆ྻϡ͕ԠࣖநՀߏПᐍĂЯࠎιԯ߆‫۞˯ڼ‬੠ᐌ۰តࠎ‫ܝ‬ वĂ҃ԯ߆‫۞˯ڼ‬၆̼͘ࠎᇲˠĞSchluchter ඾Ă᏿ϖேăᜪ‫م‬රᛌĂ1991Ĉ 115-116ğĄಶኢࢗ۞ड़ϡ҃֏Ăт‫ڍ‬ᄲĂࢮұ‫ג‬൪۞͕Ԡࣖந੠ᐌ۰۞ဦ ညٙࢋԲҿ۞၆Шߏࢭ‫̍۞׻‬ဥ͹ཌྷ۰ᄃૄ༛ି‫׶‬π͹ཌྷ۰Ă֤ᆃĂᇝॲ ৶੫၆઼ᅫ߆‫̚ڼ‬ٙᏜ۞Ķநຐ͹ཌྷ۰ķ ĶȈф࢕ёķ྽ᇇ៍ٙઇ۞ԲҿĂ ೀͼಶߏࢮұ۞Բҿ۞‫ؼ‬ᜈ˞Ą дᄲ‫ࢮ˞ځ‬ұ۞ĶయЇࣖநķ၆ᇝॲ৶۞ᇆᜩ̝‫ޢ‬ĂឰԧࣇГа‫ז‬ᇝ ॲ৶۞ఢቑኢࢗώ֗Ąྫྷࢮұ˘ᇹĂᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎయЇࣖநࢋՐ߆‫ڼ‬छઇ΍ ՙᕝĄߊ൒ࢋՙᕝĂಶ̙Ξਕॲፂ˘ј̙ត۞ି୧Ă҃υืĶ‫آܮ‬ҖְķĄ ൒҃Ă‫آܮ‬Җְ˵̙ਕ୮൑ࣧ‫݋‬Ăιυืࢋѣ˘ֶ࣎ᕩĄ఺ֶ࣎ᕩдࣹ྆ ‫׸‬ĉᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎĈ

22

ࢮұѣॡϡ‫ޝ‬ໂბ۞͞ёֽӔன΁۞ĶՙᕝኢķĄּт΁ᄲĈĶՏ࣎࣎Ҿࢦࢋ۞߿જͽ ̈́౵௣҃֏ፋ࣎ˠϠČČߏ˘րЕ۞౵௣ՙ‫ؠ‬Ğultimate decisionğĂ౅࿅఺ֱՙ‫ؠ‬Ăಶ тТߦٛဦٙᄲĂីᅿᏴፄ˞ҋ̎۞‫ྻ׻‬ĄķĞWeber, 1949: 18ğ˫ᄲĈĶ၆‫ٺ‬Ϡ‫׻‬౵ ௣۞ኜ჌Ξਕၗ‫̝ޘ‬มߏ൑‫ڱ‬አ‫۞׶‬ĂЯѩιࣇ̝ม۞੽‫ۋ‬൑‫ڱ‬ᒔ଀౵௣۞ྋՙĄЯ ѩĂυืઇ˘࣎ՙ‫۞ّؠ‬ᏴፄĞdecisive choiceğĞWeber, 1946b: 152ğĄķ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

91

՟ѣᆶຕĞprudenceğಶ՟ѣ߆‫ڼ‬྽ᇇć˵ಶߏᄲĂт‫ڍ‬՟ѣ҂ᇋ‫ז‬ ܑࢬ˯࠻੓ֽ௑Ъ྽ᇇ۞ҖࠎٙயϠ۞߆‫ྖ۞ڍޢڼ‬Ąன၁͹ཌྷෛ ᆶຕ—Ϳ௟ᏊณЧ჌Ξആ΃߆‫ڼ‬Җજ۞‫ڼ߆ࠎ—ڍޢ‬ᅳા۞Ҍ੼ᇇ ҖĄநኢ٩෪ၹຐ΍ֽ۞྽ᇇࣖநĂֶࣖந۞྽ᇇ‫ֽ݋ڱ‬ෞᕝ˘࣎ Җજć҃߆‫ࣖڼ‬ந‫ڼ߆ֶ݋‬Җજ‫ڍޢ‬Ăֽෞᕝ˘࣎ҖજĞMorgenthau, 1954: 9ğĄ ఺࣎ᄲ‫ڱ‬Ύព΍˞ன၁͹ཌྷ۞८͕ᆊࣃĂಶߏᆶຕĄ 23 ᇝॲ৶˫ᄲĈ Ğԧࣇğ̙Ξਕдᝋ˧ᄃВචĞcommon goodğ̝มү΍ԭፄĄј ΑгҖજ—˵ಶߏ޷໰߆‫ڼ‬ᘹఙ۞ఢ‫ߏ—݋‬Ꮬ߆‫ڼ‬ംᇊĄͽε୕۞ ͕ၗ˞ྋ߆‫ڼ‬൑ΞᔖҺߏ֢ೋ۞Ă‫̪ݒ‬ཌྷ൑ͅᜪгଳ‫פ‬ҖજĂߏᏜ྽ ᇇ‫݌‬ঈĄдೀ჌‫ܮ‬Ӏ۞ĞexpedientğҖજ̚Ᏼፄ˘࣎౵̙֢ೋ۞Ăߏ Ꮬ྽ᇇҿᕝĄඕЪ߆‫ڼ‬ംᇊă྽ᇇ‫݌‬ঈᄃ྽ᇇҿᕝĂˠΞͽд߆‫ڼ‬ώ Ą ኳᄃ྽ᇇ‫̝ྻ׻‬ม‫ם଀פ‬አĞMorgenthau, 1945: 17-18ć1946: 203ğ ఺߱ྖՀΎព΍ᇝॲ৶۞ன၁͹ཌྷ۞၁ኹࣰጯ۞পᕇĈԯ߆‫ڼ‬ෛࠎ˘჌ᘹ ఙćྋՙ߆‫ڼ‬યᗟᅮࢋྻϡ྽ᇇҿᕝᄃ߆‫ڼ‬ംᇊĂ̙҃ߏ෦ኜ‫ٺ‬நّ͹ཌྷ ۰۞༱ី̜ĄMichael Smith (1986: 139) ᄮࠎ఺߱ྖឰˠຐ੓ࢮұ۞‫ޥ‬ຐĂ Molloy (2009) ᄃ Brown (2012) ‫݋‬дᇝॲ৶֗˯࠻‫ֲ֧˞ז‬೻кᇇ۞ᇆ̄Ą ү۰ᄮࠎĂࢮұᄃֲ֧೻кᇇቁ၁ౌ၆ᇝॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ຐѣࢦ̂۞ᇆᜩĂ҃ϫ ݈ጯࠧ۞ࡁտ၆‫ࢮٺ‬ұ۞ᇆᜩ̏གྷ͔੓֖ૉ۞‫ڦ‬ຍĂ̏т݈ࢗćҭֲ֧೻ кᇇ۞ᇆᜩ‫ͻ৿ྵͧ݋‬ѣր௚۞ࡁտĄ 24 Яѩώ͛౵‫ࢋޢ‬ଣ੅ֲ֧೻кᇇ ‫ޥ‬ຐᄃᇝॲ৶ఢቑኢ̝ࢗม۞ᙯాّĄ

Ёă၁ኹ۞ംᇊĈֲ֧೻кᇇ۞ᇆᜩ ᇝॲٙഅҋࢗ‫ޥ׎‬ຐஅ໚Ă೩‫˞ੵז‬ѝѐ‫זצ‬κ‫ܚ‬ՙ‫۞ّؠ‬ᇆᜩ̝γĂ ‫ޢ‬ഇՀкгߏ‫ֲ֧זצ‬೻кᇇăཐ๸Ο೻Ϙͽ̈́κοႬĞReinhold Niebuhrğ 23

24

ᇝॲ৶അ͔ϡұҹᙯ‫ٺ‬ᆶຕ۞ᄲ‫ځ‬ĈĶᆶຕ่̙ߏ߆‫ڼ‬ᄃ྽ᇇ۞ኜк࡚ᇇ༊̚Ҝล౵ Ąķ ੼۞˘࣎Ăιᔘߏιࣇ۞޽ጱ۰ăአ༼۰Ă֭јࠎιࣇ۞ᇾ໤ĞMorgenthau, 1952: 986ğ Anthony Lang (2004; 2007) ઇ˞‫ܐ‬Վ۞ଣ੅Ăҭώ͛ү۰ᄮࠎ‫׎‬ј‫ڍ‬ᔘѣ‫ޢޞ‬ˠӅ˧ΐ ͽ֖ྃĄ

92

ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

۞ᇆᜩĄ25 ְ၁˯Ăᇝॲ৶അд 1970 ѐ΃ᓾ଱ֲͩ۞Į߆‫ڼ‬ጯį ĞPoliticsğĂ ᓾኝ۞̰टᔘ঻˭˞͛фࡔᐂĂдᇝॲ৶֗‫̖ޢ‬΍‫ۍ‬ј३ĞLang, 2004ğĄ ֲͩ၆ᇝॲ৶ᇆᜩ౵̝̂఍Ăٕధಶߏᙯ‫ٺ‬၁ኹ۞ംᇊĞpractical wisdom ٕ phronesisğ۞ኢࢗĂЯѩ఺྆ԧࣇࢋ඾ࢦଣ੅఺࣎ໄ‫ه‬Ă൒‫޽ޢ‬΍ιтң ͅߍдᇝॲ৶۞ኢࢗ̚Ą ֲ֧೻кᇇᙯ‫ٺ‬၁ኹ۞ംᇊ۞੅ኢߏ΍னдĶ‫ޥ‬ຐ۞ΑਕķĞvirtues of thoughtğ۞̶ᙷ̚ĄֲͩĞAristotle, 1985ğ޽΍Ăីᅿ౅࿅̣჌‫ې‬ၗԯ೪ ৌ၁ĈԫᘹĞtechne or craftğăࡊጯۢᙊĞepisteme or scientific knowledgeğă ၁ኹ۞ംᇊĞphronesis or intelligenceğ ăംᇊĞwisdomğ ăநྋĞunderstandingğ ĞNicomachean Ethics 1139b15-18ğĄ఺ֱΑਕ̚ᄃώ͛পҾѣᙯ۞ߏ၁ኹ ۞ംᇊᄃࡊጯۢᙊ̝ม۞ડҾĄࢵАĂ၁ኹ۞ംᇊᄃࡊጯ̙Тд‫ٺ‬Ă݈۰ ̯ధк჌ΞਕّĂ҃‫ޢ‬۰‫׍݋‬ѣቁ‫ّؠ‬Ą‫׎‬ѨĂ၁ኹ۞ംᇊᔵ൒˵ྻϡந ّĂҭߏ‫׎‬၆෪ߏᙯͼචᄃೋ۞ҖજĂ҃ࡊጯ‫݋‬ӎĞNicomachean Ethics 1140b1-6ğ Ą‫ˬ׎‬Ăࡊጯۢᙊߏᙯ‫ٺ‬೼ְ࿆‫ۏ‬Ğuniversalsğ۞઄‫ؠ‬ă‫׍‬ѣυ ൒ّ۞ְଐĞthings that are by necessityğ Ğ Nicomachean Ethics 1140b30-32ğ ć ࠹ྵ̝˭ĂϤ‫ڼ߆ٺ‬ጯ۞၆෪ߏᙯͼ੼‫إ‬ᄃ̳ϒĂ҃ңᏜ੼‫إ‬ᄃ̳ϒ˫х д඾̙ቁ‫ّؠ‬ĂЯѩ၆‫࣎఺ٺ‬͹ᗟΪਕໄரгă೩ჩॊᅳгᄲ‫׎ځ‬ৌநّć ᖎ֏̝Ăι൑‫ڱ‬ညࡊጯۢᙊ֤ᆃჟቁĞNicomachean Ethics 1094b15-25ğĄ ‫׎‬αĂϤ‫ٺ‬၁ኹ۞ംᇊ۞၆෪ᙯͼҖજĂ҃Җજώ֗ຍ‫ק‬඾ι‫׍‬ѣᏴፄّĂ ᅮࢋҿᕝ˧Ăᅮࢋઇ΍ՙᕝᄃՙ‫ؠ‬ĂЯѩĶ၁ኹ۞ംᇊ̙ߏΪᄃ೼࿆۞‫ڌ‬ ҘѣᙯĂι˵ࢋ҂ᇋ‫׍‬វ۞ְ၁ĄЯࠎ၁ኹ۞ംᇊᄃҖજѣᙯĂ҃Җજߏ ࢋ఍ந‫׍‬វ۞ְଐĞparticularsğķ ĞNicomachean Ethics 1141b13-17ğ Ą౵‫ޢ‬Ă Яࠎ߆‫ڼ‬ጯ̙ညࡊጯ˘ᇹѣჟቁ۞ఢ‫݋‬ĂЯѩ၁ኹ۞ംᇊᅮࢋĶ҂ᇋķ Ğdeliberationğ ć˘࣎ච‫ٺ‬҂ᇋ۞ˠਕૉ౅࿅நّࢍზĞrational calculationğ ҃၁னΞͽᒔ଀۞Ğachievableğ౵̂۞චĄࠎѩĂ̙Ϊࢋ҂ᇋ೼࿆۞ְ‫ۏ‬Ă ᔘࢋ҂ᇋপঅ۞ٕ‫׍‬វ۞ְ၁ĞNicomachean Ethics 1141b9-25ğĄ ტЪ҃֏Ă߆‫ڼ‬ጯᄃҖજѣᙯĂ҃ҖજᅮࢋҿᕝĂЯѩι̙Ξਕညࡊ

25

Letter to Samuel H. Magill, 5 January 1962, Morgenthau Papers, Box 39. ᖼ͔ҋ Neacsu (2010: 26)Ą

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

93

ጯ˘ᇹѣჟቁ۞ఢ‫݋‬ĄЯࠎιࢋՐҿᕝĂٙͽᅮࢋ၁ኹ۞ംᇊĄ၁ኹ۞ം ᇊ۞ྻϡঘ̈́‫ז‬҂ᇋĂ҃҂ᇋ۞̰ट̙ΪΒ߁೼࿆۞ְ‫ۏ‬ĂᔘΒ߁‫׍‬វ۞ă পঅ۞ְ‫ۏ‬Ą ֲ֧೻кᇇ఺൫ኢࢗ၆‫ٺ‬ᇝॲ৶۞߆‫៍ڼ‬ᄃࣖந͹ૺ۞ᇆᜩҌࠎ‫ځ‬ពĄ ְ၁˯Ăдᇝॲ৶൴ܑ‫׎‬јЩүĮ઼छม۞߆‫ڼ‬įĞ1948ğ̝݈Ă̏གྷА ΍‫˞ۍ‬Įࡊጯˠ၆ԩᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬įĞ1946ğĄྍ३၆‫ٺ‬Ҙ͞‫΃ܕ‬Ꮈ੓۞நّ͹ ཌྷᄃࡊጯ͹ཌྷ۞‫ޥ‬ଘ͞ёซҖ˞஠ধ۞ԲҿĄॲፂᇝॲ৶۞࠻‫ڱ‬Ă఺჌‫ޥ‬ ჯሀёᄮࠎۤົ͵ࠧᄃҋ൒͵ࠧΞͽϡТ˘჌நّ࿅඀ΐͽநྋĂЯѩҋ ൒ࡊጯ۞͞‫ڱ‬Ξͽ‫ؼ‬ҩ‫ົۤז‬ᅳાĂ҃ۤົ͵ࠧ˵Ξͽϡᄃଠ‫ט‬ҋ൒͵ࠧ ˘ᇹ۞நّ͞‫ڱ‬ΐͽଠ‫ט‬Ą޷໰఺჌ࣰጯĂࡊጯΞͽྋՙˠᙷ˘̷۞યᗟĂ Β߁߆‫ڼ‬યᗟĄ߆‫ڼ‬ЯѩΞͽజࡊጯ‫΃פ‬Ă߆‫ڼ‬યᗟΞͽ̼ࡗࠎҖ߆გந ۞ăԫఙّ۞યᗟĄ఺჌‫ޥ‬ଘд༊΃۞౵ָ΃ܑಶߏҋϤ͹ཌྷĂι࠹‫ܫ‬Ϊ ࢋˠࣇᏲଂநّĂ͵ࠧΞͽ͟ᔌԆචĂ֢ೋ౵௣Ξͽॲ඗ĞMorgenthau, 1946: 2-4, 12-14, 27-29ğĄ൒҃Ăдᇝॲ৶࠻ֽĂ఺჌‫ޥ‬ଘ่̙࿅‫˘ٺ‬ೃଐᙸĂ ࠤҌߏ༊΃߆‫ڼ‬ӧဩ۞ॲ໚ĂЯѩυืᚑඥгΐͽԲҿĄ ޷໰ᇝॲ৶۞࠻‫ڱ‬Ă߆‫̙ܧ֭ڼ‬ਕϡநّΐͽநྋĄΪߏ఺჌நّ̙ Т‫ࡊٺ‬ጯ۞நّĞscientific reasonğĄ΁ᄲĈ Ķࡊጯநّ۞ࣧ‫ߏ݋‬ᖎಏ۞㢠࡭۞Ğconsistentğ҃ͷ٩෪۞ćۤົ͵ࠧ‫ߏ݋‬ኑᗔ۞ă̙˘࡭۞Ğincongruousğ ҃ͷߏ‫׍‬វ۞Ąķԯࡊጯநّ۞ࣧ‫݋‬इϡдۤົ͵ࠧĂࢋᆃߏव౻൑Α۞ ĞfutileğĂࢋᆃߏ࡭‫۞׻‬ĞfatalğĄĶ߆‫˘ߏڼ‬჌ᘹఙĂ̙҃ߏ˘჌ࡊጯĄ ࢋਕೠ೪ιĂυื‫׍‬౯۞̙ߏ̍඀र۞நّĂ҃ߏ߆‫ڼ‬छ۞ംᇊᄃ྽ᇇ˧ ณĞMorgenthau, 1946: 10ğĄķ̙‫ض‬гĂҋϤ͹ཌྷ̏གྷតј˘჌ຍᙊԛၗĂ Яࠎι۞٩෪ّă˘ਠّᄃ඗၆ّ̏གྷᄃι༊‫۞ܐ‬Ϡјᒖဩ௲༼Ăᙱͽዋ ϡ‫઼ٺ‬ᅫᒖဩĂ҃‫ޢ‬۰۞ώኳߏĶ‫׍‬វ۞ăপ‫҃۞ؠ‬ͷ‫פ‬ՙ‫ٺ‬ॡมᄃгᕇ ĞMorgenthau, 1946: 73ğĄķ ͽ˯۞ᄲ‫ځ‬ពϯĂᇝॲ৶၆‫ࡊٺ‬ጯ͹ཌྷ۞ԲҿĂ࠹༊඀‫ײ˯ޘ‬ᑕ˞ֲ ֧೻кᇇ၆‫ٺ‬၁ኹ۞ംᇊᄃࡊጯۢᙊٙઇ۞ડ̶Ă҃၁ኹ۞ംᇊ۞পᕇಶ д‫ॲٺ‬ፂ‫׍‬វ۞ଐ‫ྻڶ‬ϡҿᕝ˧ֽઇ΍ՙᕝĄᇝॲ৶͔ϡ˞ұҹ۞˘߱ྖ ֽΐͽྋᛖĈ

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

߆‫ڼ‬छѣрк჌ଐ‫ৼࢋڶ‬ˢ҂ᇋĂ֭ԯιࣇᄃ˘ਠّ۞៍‫ه‬ඕЪ੓ ֽĄଐ‫ߏڶ‬൑ณ൑ᙝ۞Ă֭ͷѣ൑ᇴ჌ඕЪ͞ёćߏត̼̙‫۞ؠ‬ă ൾᓂӈీ۞Ą՟ѣԯ఺ৼˢ҂ᇋ۞ˠ่̙ߏ᏾ᄱ۞Ă΁ॲώಶߏໂ ბ Ⴚ ճ — इ ϡ ˘ ࣎ ٛ ˚ ᄬ ۞ ᄲ ‫ ڱ‬Ĉ dat operam ut cum ratione insaniat—΁ߏԛ˯ጯຍཌྷ˯۞ႺճĄд̙‫ن‬ரࣧ‫݈۞݋‬೩˭Ă߆‫ڼ‬ छυื‫צ‬ଐ‫͔۞ڶ‬ጱćт‫۞΁ڍ‬ҿᕝᄃ༊ॡ۞ღާ‫࠹ڶې‬࿁ࡦĂ΁ Ξਕົ૟΁۞઼छϖ˳໑ໝĄ26 ၆ᇝॲ৶҃֏Ăଐ‫۞ڶ‬кតّᄃҿᕝ۞υࢋّĂຍ‫ק‬඾Ķ՟ѣ˘̳࣎ ёΞͽග̟߆‫ڼ‬छቁ‫ّؠ‬Ă՟ѣ˘჌ࢍზ͞ёΞͽΝੵࢲᐍĂ՟ѣ˘჌௢ ᎕ְ၁Ğaccumulation of factsğ۞͞ёΞͽฟୁϏֽĄķ27 ΁ࠤҌϡ˘࣎ԛ ෪۞ͧಔֽᄲ‫ځ‬યᗟĈ߆‫ڼ‬छ۞఍ဩͧྵညኯव̙҃ߏࡊጯछĞMorgenthau, 1946: 221ğĄ఺࣎ͧಔٕధ࿅‫̂ྒٺ‬Ăҭߏιຐᄲ‫ߏ۞ځ‬Ă߆‫ڼ‬યᗟυ൒ хд̙ቁ‫ّؠ‬Ă҃఺ϒߏࡊጯ൑‫ڱ‬ྋՙ۞ĄЯѩĂт‫ࢋڍ‬ԯ఺࠻јߏˠᙷ хд۞ೌᆐ۞ྖĂ֤ᆃ఺჌ೌᆐͦှᄲߏϖޮ۞ĂˠࣇΪਕᏴፄࢬ၆ιĂ ̙҃ߏ੟ᔖιĄ ౵‫ޢ‬Ăᆶຕٕ၁ኹ۞ംᇊ၁ᅫ˯ࢋтңྻү‫׸‬ĉߏӎѣ࣎ͧྵ‫ځ‬ቁ۞ ࣧ‫׸݋‬ĉ၆ѩĂֲ֧೻кᇇ۞͹ૺĂ࡚ᇇߏд‫࣎׌‬ໂბ̝มĂּтд࿅ᄃ ̙̝̈́มĂՐ‫࣎̚˘פ‬มᕇĞNicomachean Ethics 1141b9-25, 1107a1-5ğĂ఺ ಶߏٙᏜ۞Ķ̚૶ࣧ‫݋‬ķĞDoctrine of the MeanğĄд၁ᅫ۞ፆү˯ĂĶдໂ ბ̝̚ĂѣֱПचͧྵ̂ĂѣֱПचྵ̈ć҃ͷϤ‫ٺ‬໤ቁ‫̚̚׻‬ม‫ޝ‬ӧᙱĂ ЯѩĂтТˠࣇٙᄲĂੜ҃Ր‫׎‬ѨĂᑕྍ‫׌‬च࠹ᝋ‫׎פ‬ᅅĞNicomachean Ethics 1109a30-1109b1ğĄķ఺࣎ࣧ‫׌—݋‬च࠹ᝋ‫׎פ‬ᅅĞchoosing the lesser evilğ— ‫˞ז‬ᇝॲ৶͘˯ಶតј఺ᇹ۞ܑࢗĈĶдೀ჌‫ܮ‬Ӏ۞Ğexpedientğ Җજ̚Ᏼፄ˘࣎౵̙֢ೋ۞Ăಶߏ྽ᇇҿᕝĞMorgenthau, 1945: 17-18ğĄķ ଂĶநّ͹ཌྷ۰ķ۞֎‫࠻ֽޘ‬Ă఺࣎ኢᕇ᝘੓ֽҬͼѣᕇೌ៍Ą൒҃ଂ၁

26 27

Edmund Burke, “Speech on the Petition of the Unitarians”. ͔ҋ Morgenthau (1946: 220-221)Ą дΩ˘఍Ăᇝॲ৶ᄲĂ߆‫ڼ‬኏ࡎ໚ҋ‫ֱߙٺ‬Ӏৈ኏ࡎٕ۰ૄώ۞၆ϲĂ఺̙ߏያۢᙊ ۞௢᎕ٕ፟ୠ۞̳ёΞͽྋՙ۞ĄιࣇΪਕజĶࢦາܑࢗăፆᓂᄃᖼ̼ķĞrestated, manipulated, and transformedğĂ҃ͷՏ࣎ॡ΃ౌࢋࢦາࢬ၆ιࣇĞMorgenthau, 1962a: 313; Neacsu, 2010: 126ğĄ

߆‫ࡊڼ‬ጯኢᕍƟௐ 65 ഇƟϔ઼ 104 ѐ 9 ͡

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ኹࣰጯ۞ϲಞֽ࠻Ă఺Ҭͼ˫ߏ൑ΞᔖҺ۞ඕኢĄЯѩĂᕩॲඕ߫Ăᇝॲ ৶۞ன၁͹ཌྷᄃநຐ͹ཌྷ̝ม۞ᕃ໛Ă‫ॲ׎‬໚ᔘߏд‫ٺ‬ιࣇ၆‫ڼ߆ٺ‬ጯ۞ ّኳᄃүϡѣԆБ̙Т۞நྋĄ

ౙăඕኢ ็௚˯Ăˠࣇགྷ૱ԯ઼ᅫᙯܼ۞ன၁͹ཌྷᄃ‫ܧ‬྽ᇇٕ̙྽ᇇ۞߆‫ڼ‬͹ ૺᓑຐд˘੓Ă఺჌О෪дඕၹன၁͹ཌྷჍᜦጯࠧ۞ॡഇ଀‫̼ૻז‬Ąдͅ ‫ޥ‬͹ཌྷᎸ੓‫ޢ‬Ă̏གྷѣດֽດк۞ˠ൴னĂ֤ΪߏĶநّ͹ཌྷ۰ķ۞ઐ֍Ă ன၁͹ཌྷ՟ѣநϤ˘‫ࢋؠ‬ᄃ֤჌ϲಞ࠹ඕЪĄ̫͇Ăጯࠧ̏གྷ೼࿆ຍᙊ‫ז‬ Ο‫׏‬ன၁͹ཌྷ‫׎‬၁ѣ‫ޝ‬ᖳಱ۞ఢቑኢࢗ۞ྤ໚Ă֭ଷ੓˞˘‫گ‬ೇᎸΟ‫׏‬ன ၁͹ཌྷఢቑჯ‫ࢲ۞ޘ‬ሗĄϤ‫ٺ‬ᇝॲ৶่̙ߏ˟ጼ‫઼࡚ޢ‬ன၁͹ཌྷ۞ିͭĂ ҃ͷ΁۞ኢࢗᔘᚶٚ˞Ҙ͞ࢦࢋ۞߆‫ޥڼ‬ຐ็௚ĂЯѩࡁտ΁۞ఢቑኢࢗ ಶј˞ଣ৶ன၁͹ཌྷఢቑ͹ૺᄃ‫ޥ‬ຐ۞౵ָྏរಞĄ ̙࿅Ă˵ϒЯࠎ΁۞‫ޥ‬ຐྤ໚Ȉ̶ᖳಱĞٕ۰ᄲ࿅‫ٺ‬ᖳಱğĂᙱҺ΍ னధк݈‫࡭˘̙ޢ‬ăࠤҌϬ࠼۞ᄲ‫ڱ‬ĂЯѩυืྎΐॶநĂ̖ਕӔனͧྵ Ԇፋăѣ୧ந۞ᇹᄻĄώ͛ॲፂϫ݈Ҙ͞ጯࠧ۞ࡁտј‫ڍ‬ĂࢵА඾ࢦሏ୻ ˘ֱ၆‫ٺ‬ᇝॲ৶ఢቑ͹ૺ૱֍۞ᄱྋĂּт΁ᔵ൒͹ૺᝋ˧߆‫ڼ‬Ăҭܑ̙ ϯ΁ᄮࠎ߆‫ڼ‬Ξͽ̙‫צ‬྽ᇇ۞‫ࡗט‬ć࠹ͅ۞Ăᇝॲ৶࣎ˠ၆‫ٺ‬൘͉ęૄ༛ ‫ܫ۞ି؟‬Ј‫׎‬၁ѣ‫ૻޝ‬ধᄮТĂΪߏ΁ᄮࠎд˘࣎Ķ˯‫̏ޓ‬Ѫķٕ۰ٙᏜ ᆊࣃк̮۞ன΃ଐဩ˭Ă૟ҋ̎۞ᆊࣃ៍ඈТ‫ٺ‬೼͵྽ᇇĂ̙ಀ‫˘ٺ‬჌྽ ᇇȈф࢕ĂΪົឰ኏ࡎត଀൑Ξ̼ྋĄְ၁˯Ă΁͹ૺͽᝋ˧ֽࠧ‫઼ؠ‬छ ӀৈĂ˵ߏࠎ˞ᔖҺ˘઼૟ҋ̎প‫۞ؠ‬྽ᇇϲಞ߉ΐ‫઼΁׎ٺ‬छ̝˯ĄЯ ѩĂ΁ଳ‫˘פ‬჌ऴ۞྽ᇇ࠹၆͹ཌྷĂ‫׎‬၁ѣ˘჌၁ኹ˯۞҂ณĂ˵ಶߏࠎ ˞‫׶‬π҃υืѣ˘჌྽ᇇ˯۞ҋ‫ט‬ჟৠĄ ‫׎‬ѨĂᇝॲ৶၆‫ٺ‬྽ᇇ඗၆ኢ۞ଵϋĂͽ̈́Ķ߆‫֢۞ڼ‬ೋّķᄃయЇ ࣖந៍۞͹ૺĂд࠹༊඀‫ࢮזצߏ˯ޘ‬ұ۞ᇆᜩĄ఺˘ొ̶̏གྷѣధкጯ ۰ኢࢗĂώ͛˵՟ѣҾ΍͕෗۞៍ᕇΞͽᐅ˯୹‫܅‬Ą̙࿅Ă఺࣎͹ૺᓑᘭ ‫ז‬Ķ‫׌‬ᝋ࠹च‫׎פ‬ᅅķ۞͹ૺॡĂಶ‫ځ‬ព࠻‫ֲ֧ז‬೻кᇇ۞၁ኹࣰጯ۞ᇆ ᜩĄ఺˘ొ̶ᔵ൒̏གྷѣጯ۰ᕇ΍Ăҭϫ݈՟ѣ࠻‫ྵͧז‬எˢ۞̶‫ژ‬Ą੫

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ᇝॲ৶۞઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑኢࢗ̈́‫׎‬྽ᇇ៍‫ۋ‬ኢ

‫ࠍڒ‬Ш

၆఺˘ᕇĂώ͛޽΍Ăֲ֧೻кᇇ၆‫ٺ‬၁ኹംᇊᄃࡊጯۢᙊٙઇ۞ડ̶Ă ၆‫ٺ‬ᇝॲ৶۞ᇆᜩ̙ट‫ن‬ෛĂٕధ֤ϒߏᇝॲ৶Խᑝࡊጯ͹ཌྷăநّ͹ཌྷ ᄃҋϤ͹ཌྷ۞౵எᆸЯ৵ĄΞଓЯࠎॡมᄃቔ಼۞ࢨ‫ט‬Ăѩ఍൑‫ڱ‬ซ˘Վ ൴೭ĂΪਕ঻‫ࡁ۞ޢ͟ޞ‬տΐͽྃ·Ą ౵‫ޢ‬Ăү۰ຐ၆நྋᄃྚᛖᇝॲ৶‫ޥ‬ຐ۞͞ё‫ܢ‬ᖴᇴᄬĄᇝॲ৶གྷ૱ జෛࠎܲч͹ཌྷ۞ጯ۰ᄃ‫ޥ‬ຐछĂ൒҃Ăٕధѐᅅॡ˵അ‫צ‬κ‫۞ܚ‬எ‫ג‬ᇆ ᜩĂ΁˵ॡܑ҃ன΍፬ซ۞ᇹᄻĞּт၆‫۞ع߆ࠧ͵ٺ‬ഇ୕ğ ĂͽҌ‫ ٺ‬Stanley Hoffman ࠤҌᄮࠎ΁ߏĶᔳᖟдĞன၁͹ཌྷğં྅˭۞நຐ͹ཌྷ۰ķ Ğidealist in disguiseğĞHoffmann, 1981: 657ćNeacsu, 2010: 17ğĄְ၁˯Ăт‫ڍ‬ԧࣇ ਕԯ೪ҝᇝॲ৶۞‫ޥ‬ຐຍ኷Ăٕధಶ̙͉ᅮࢋ‫ۋ‬ኢ΁‫ܲߏغז‬чᔘߏ፬ ซĄ΁۞ጯϠ Richard Ned Lebow അགྷ͔ࢗ˘߱ྖֽᄲ‫ځ‬ᇝॲ৶‫ޥ‬ຐ۞ৌ ჟৠĄд 1966 ѐ۞˘ቔኢ͛̚Ăᇝॲ৶ᄮࠎ઼ᅫᙯܼநኢ۞ЇચߏĈ ༊ॡ΃෵Ҳᝋ˧۞Я৵ॡĂಶυืૻአι۞ࢦࢋّĄ༊ॡ΃้Ш‫ٺ‬ дְચ۞˘ਠߛၹ˭ଳ‫۞̼̮˘פ‬ᝋ˧ໄ‫ه‬ॡĂಶυืࢋणϯιĞᝋ ˧ğ۞ࢨ‫ט‬Ą༊ॡ΃͹ࢋͽ࢕ְ˧ณֽࠧ‫ؠ‬ᝋ˧ॡĂಶυื೩ᏹ‫ڦ‬ ຍᝋ˧͞඀ё̚ᔘѣ‫΁׎‬Ч჌Я৵ĂপҾߏ຋ӻ۞͕நᙯܼĂЯࠎ ‫ޢ‬۰ԛ๬˞ᝋ˧შĄ༊ᝋ˧۞ன၁д྽ᇇᄃ‫˭טࢨ۞ޠڱ‬జ‫ن‬ෛ ॡĂಶυื޽΍఺࣎Ğᝋ˧ğன၁Ą༊‫ޠڱ‬ᄃ྽ᇇజෛࡶ൑‫ۏ‬ॡĂ ಶυืኬ̟ιࣇϒቁ۞ҜཉĞMorgenthau, 1966: 77Ăᖼ͔ҋ Lebow, 2003: 238-239ğĄ ఺߱ྖᄃѦ፸ٙᄲ۞「ିጯ۰тԬዕˠĂԬ଀‫ֽڌ‬Ҙ˫ࣆĄķҬͼѣளѡ Т̝̍ӻĄ఺჌ઇጯયࢋિч̚૶ჟৠ۞͹ૺĂߏӎ˵ߏֲ֧೻кᇇ၁ኹ ࣖநጯ۞ᗟ̝̚ຍĂࢨ‫ٺ‬ቔ಼ĂΪਕ঻‫ޞ‬૟ֽซ˘Վଣ੅ᄃ൴೭Ą

ણ҂३ϫ ˘ă ͛̚ొ̶ ‫ࠍڒ‬ШĂ2011ĂIJ઼ᅫᙯܼ۞ఢቑኢࢗijĂૺֲ̚ĞበğĂ Į઼ᅫᙯܼᓁኢĞௐ ˬ‫ۍ‬ğįĂາΔξĈೳം΍‫ۤۍ‬Ăࢱ 150-190Ą ం̂රĂ2012ĂIJ઼ᅫᙯܼͅ‫ޥ‬ன၁͹ཌྷநኢ̈́‫׎‬ϏֽΞਕّijĂĶ̚රϔ઼

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઼ᅫᙯܼጯົ 2012 ѐົၱĺБ஧តዏᄃᎸ੓̚۞઼ᅫ৩ԔĻጯఙࡁ੅ົķ ኢ͛Ğ10 ͡ 6 ͟ğĂέ̚Ĉ઼ϲ̚Ꮈ̂ጯ઼ᅫ߆‫ࡁڼ‬տٙĄ ૺ

‫ٻ‬Ă2006Ă IJ઼ᅫᙯܼఢቑநኢ۞ೇᎸijĂ Į͵ࠧགྷᑻᄃ߆‫ڼ‬įĂ8: 49-56Ą

ૺ‫̋ٻ‬Ă1998Ă IJࢮұ۞ᆊࣃк̮ኢij ĂᏂ੼‫ޜ‬ăᛂ͛߹Ğ͹በğ Ă Įк̮͹ཌྷįĂ έΔĈ̚δࡁտੰ̋̚ˠ͛ۤົࡊጯࡁտٙĂࢱ 269-306Ą ૺҌஉĂ2013ĂIJ྽ᇇன၁͹ཌྷ‫ܐ‬ଣijĂĮ઼ᅫᙯܼጯಡįĂ35: 133-162Ą Schluchter, Wolfgang ඾Ă᏿ϖேăᜪ‫م‬රᛌĂ1991ĂIJᆊࣃ̚ϲᄃయЇࣖநijĂ ᏿ϖேĞበğĂĮጯఙᄃ߆‫ڼ‬ĈࢮұᏴะĞIğįĂέΔĈᅈ߹Ăࢱ 95-130Ą Weber, Max ඾Ăᘲ˳ᄇᛌĂ1991aĂ IJጯఙүࠎ˘჌ԠຽijĂ᏿ϖேĞበğĂ Įጯ ఙᄃ߆‫ڼ‬ĈࢮұᏴะĞIğįĂέΔĈᅈ߹Ăࢱ 131-151Ą Weber, Max ඾Ă᏿ϖேᛌĂ1991bĂIJ߆‫ڼ‬үࠎ˘჌ԠຽijĂќд Max Weber ඾Ă᏿ϖேበᛌĂĮጯఙᄃ߆‫ڼ‬ĈࢮұᏴะĞIğį ĂέΔĈᅈ߹Ăࢱ 169-239Ą

˟ă Ҙ͛ొ̶ Aristotle. 1985. Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. Terence Irwin. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Brown, Chris. 2012. “The ‘Practice Turn’, Phronesis and Classical Realism; Towards a Phronetic International Political Theory?” Millennium - Journal of International Studies 40(3): 439-456. Bull, Hedley. 1977. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. Donnelly, Jack. 2000. Realism and International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press. Frei, Christoph. 2001. Hans Morgenthau: An Intellectual Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. Haslam, Jonathan. 2002. No Virtue Like Necessity: Realist Thought in International Relations since Machiavelli. New Haven: Yale University Press. Hoffman, Stanley. 1981. “Notes on the Limits of ‘Realism’.” Social Research 48(4): 653-659. Jackson, Robert. Georg Sørensen. 2003. Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Jervis, Robert. 1994. “Hans Morgenthau, Realism, and the Scientific Study of International Politics.” Social Research 61(4): 853-76. Jütersonke, Oliver. 2006. “Morgenthau and the Return to Ethics in a Realist Theory of Power Politics.” Cooperation and Conflict: Journal of the Nordic International Studies Association 41(4): 463-469. Keohane, Robert. 1988. “International Institutions: Two Approaches.” International

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Weber, Max. 1946b. “Science as a Vocation.” In From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, eds. H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. New York: Oxford University Press, 129-156. Weber, Max. 1949. Methodology of the Social Sciences, Trans. and eds. Edward Shils, Henry A. Finch. Glencoe: The Free Press. Williams, Michael C. 2005. The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations. New York: Cambridge University Press.

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101

Hans Morgenthau’s Normative Discourses and the Controversies over His Moral Views* Hsuan-hsiang Lin**

Abstract Normative theories in International Relations (IR) have long been marginalized after WWII. In recent years, however, the enterprise is now undergoing a revival. Various schools of thought in IR have begun to explore the normative dimensions of their respective approaches. Under this new current there also emerges within the camp of realism the call for reexamining the moral implications as well as the normative discourses of realism. Echoing with this call, this paper addresses Hans Morgenthau’s normative discourses first by identifying their origins in the long lineage of realism. But since his thought is derived from various different origins, such as Aristotle, St. Augustine, Friedrich Nietzsche, Max Weber, Carl Schmitt, to name just a few, it requires further interpretations to clarify his “real meaning”. Obviously, it is impossible to decipher with precision the thought of a giant which covers such a broad range of origins. Therefore, the author opts for selecting two thinkers who impact most strongly on Morgenthau’s normative thinking, namely Aristotle and Weber, and showing how Morgenthau’s normative discourses reflect their influences. The purpose of this study is to show that realism should not be bound by scientism, which is value-free; instead, it can be normatively laden, with its normative stance derived from a long lineage that simply cannot be undervalued. If we are to evaluate the normative stance of realism without prejudice, we will have to take on the thoughts of the giants from this lineage seriously. Keywords: International Relations, Realism, Morgenthau, Normative Discourse, Aristotle, Weber

* DOI:10.6166/TJPS.65 (71-102) ** Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Chinese Culture University. Email: [email protected]

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