Recycling
The Automotive Technology Roadmap
Supported by Ricardo
Figure 10: Progressive NOx and HC emissions limits in Europe, Japan and the US Source: SupplierBusiness pass all three regulations. The graphs in Figure 10 show the regulatory limits of all the US, European and Japanese emission regulations and the results of the same (low emission) vehicle tested in all three procedures.
Recycling European End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) legislation is perhaps the most advanced in the world and reflects the relatively sophisticated nature of the scrap industry in countries such as Germany and the Netherlands. By January 2006, vehicle manufacturers were charged with ensuring that 85% of vehicles were recyclable. By 2003, approximately 75% by weight was achieved, with the remainder being a mixture of materials known as auto shredder residue (ASR) or ‘fluff’, which is usually dumped as landfill. This mixture includes plastics, fabric, foam, rubber, glass, wood and hazardous materials such as heavy metals. With between nine and 13 million vehicles being scrapped annually in western Europe alone, it has been estimated that ASR represents up to 10% of the hazardous waste generated in the EU each year. Directive 2000/53/EC, commonly known as the ELV Directive, came into force on 18th September 2000 within the EU and generally drives the global industry’s technology approach to recycling. The Directive requires, amongst other measures, that member states must: •
Encourage OEMs and their suppliers to limit the use of hazardous materials in vehicles from their conception onwards
•
Take into account and facilitate dismantling, re-use, recovery and recycling at the end of the vehicle’s useful life
•
Increase the amount of recycled material used in the manufacture of vehicles and their components in order to facilitate the development of a market in these materials
•
From July 1st 2003, ensure that no components contain lead, mercury, cadmium or hexavalent chromium (with some exceptions as listed in the Directive itself).
•
Ensure that producers meet all, or a significant part of the costs of implementing a takeback system.
©SupplierBusiness Ltd 2009
22
Supported by Ricardo
Figure 10: Progressive NOx and HC emissions limits in Europe, Japan and the US Source: SupplierBusiness pass all three regulations. The graphs in Figure 10 show the regulatory limits of all the US, European and Japanese emission regulations and the results of the same (low emission) vehicle tested in all three procedures.
Recycling European End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) legislation is perhaps the most advanced in the world and reflects the relatively sophisticated nature of the scrap industry in countries such as Germany and the Netherlands. By January 2006, vehicle manufacturers were charged with ensuring that 85% of vehicles were recyclable. By 2003, approximately 75% by weight was achieved, with the remainder being a mixture of materials known as auto shredder residue (ASR) or ‘fluff’, which is usually dumped as landfill. This mixture includes plastics, fabric, foam, rubber, glass, wood and hazardous materials such as heavy metals. With between nine and 13 million vehicles being scrapped annually in western Europe alone, it has been estimated that ASR represents up to 10% of the hazardous waste generated in the EU each year. Directive 2000/53/EC, commonly known as the ELV Directive, came into force on 18th September 2000 within the EU and generally drives the global industry’s technology approach to recycling. The Directive requires, amongst other measures, that member states must: •
Encourage OEMs and their suppliers to limit the use of hazardous materials in vehicles from their conception onwards
•
Take into account and facilitate dismantling, re-use, recovery and recycling at the end of the vehicle’s useful life
•
Increase the amount of recycled material used in the manufacture of vehicles and their components in order to facilitate the development of a market in these materials
•
From July 1st 2003, ensure that no components contain lead, mercury, cadmium or hexavalent chromium (with some exceptions as listed in the Directive itself).
•
Ensure that producers meet all, or a significant part of the costs of implementing a takeback system.
©SupplierBusiness Ltd 2009
22
