Successful Sediment Remediation Strategies at ...

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Successful Sediment Remediation Strategies at Contaminated Sites Across the Commonwealth Mille Garcia-Serrano Deputy Regional Director MassDEP

Environmental Business Council of New England Energy Environment Economy

Successful Sediment Remediation Strategies at Contaminated Sites Across the Massachusetts Coastline

Millie Garcia-Serrano, MPH Deputy Regional Director Bureau of Waste Site Cleanup

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The Massachusetts Cleanup Program • Statute: M.G.L. Chapter 21E (1983) • Regulation: 310 CMR 40.0000 Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP, 1987)

– Requirements for notification, assessment, cleanup & closure of “historic” sites & sudden releases of OHM – Risk-based cleanups / Permanent Solution sought

• From “Command & Control” to Semi - Privatized Approach: “3-Legged Stool” (1993): – Potentially Responsible Parties “PRPs” (respondents) – Licensed Site Professionals (consultants) – MassDEP (overseers) Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

FY07 Notifications (most recent 6-yr period): “Where Are They Now Today?”

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Successful Approaches to Sediment Remediation at Sites in Massachusetts



Dredging with Sediment Disposal Options • Off-site disposal • On-site disposal [confined disposal facility (CDF) or confined aquatic disposal (CAD)]

• Capping / Capping with AUL • In-situ Stabilization _________________________________________ Today’s Featured Sites: – – – – –

Harbor Superfund Site, New Bedford Marine Commerce Facility (South Terminal), New Bedford NSTAR Facility, New Bedford Former Chadwick Mills Lead Facility, Marblehead Former Coal Tar Processing Facility, EverettMassachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site • CERCLA Site listed on NPL Site (1982) – Approximately 18,000 acres of PCB and metals contaminated sediments / 3 Operable Units (TSCA @ play)

• Record of Decision: dredging w/ incineration (1998) • Several ROD Modifications (post 1998) through Explanation of Significant Differences (ESD) – some dredged material disposed of in CDF – some dredged material transported by rail out of state – some remainder material to be disposed of in CADs

• State Enhanced Remedy (included in 1998 ROD) – less contaminated maintenance/navigational dredge material disposal in CDF or CADs on top of Superfund dredge material Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site (cont.) Areas to be dredged

Areas that have been dredged

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site (cont.) Hydraulic dredging

Mechanical dredging

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site (cont.) Dewatering / water treatment facility

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site (cont.) Dewatered dredge material shipped for off-Site disposal via rail

Dredge material disposal in shoreline CDF Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Marine Commerce Facility (South Terminal), New Bedford

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Marine Commerce Facility (South Terminal), New Bedford (cont.) • 1,000 feet of new bulkhead needed to sustain loads of 4,000 lbs/sq ft • Dredge approximately 250,000 cubic yards of low-level contaminated sediment – placement behind bulkhead (CDF) & in CAD cell

• Create approx. 28 acres of assembly & lay down area • Deep dredge draft to 32 ft in front of bulkhead • Creation of environmental & habitat restoration areas Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Marine Commerce Facility (South Terminal), New Bedford (cont.)

CAD cell dredging

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NSTAR Facility, New Bedford RTN 4-0012592 Inner Slip Area

Outer Slip Area

Remediation of Former Manufactured Gas Plant Site Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NSTAR Facility, New Bedford (cont.) RTN 4-0012592 •

Historic Manufactured Gas Plant (MGP) Site



Coal tar impacted sediments resulting in petroleum sheen in Harbor



PCB impacted sediments due to proximity of Harbor Superfund Site – 120 sample locations – all but 2 below 50 ppm (TSCA triggered)



Major Brownfields and Economic Redevelopment Project – EJ area / Economic Target Area



Remedial Goal: Achieve a Permanent Solution (Dredge, Cap, AUL) – installed sheet pile cut-off wall at end of Inner Slip – limited dredging of Outer Slip sediments - placed in Inner Slip – in-situ solidification of Inner Slip sediments – Cap & Notice of Activity & use Limitation (AUL) for Inner and Outer Slip

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NSTAR Facility, New Bedford (cont.) RTN 4-0012592

• TSCA jurisdiction – proposed remedy suitable

– public meeting & comment period

Outer Slip dredging & placement of material in Inner Slip

– risk-based approval under 761.61(c)

• Multi-agency coordination – EEA/MassDEP, ACOE, USEPA, City • 9 regulatory programs

– Permitting: 18 months – Construction: 5 months Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NSTAR Facility, New Bedford (cont.) RTN 4-0012592

Water Treatment Facility

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NSTAR Facility, New Bedford (cont.) RTN 4-0012592

Inner Slip

In-Situ Solidification (ISS)

In addition to Inner / Outer Slip Work: •Perimeter Air Monitoring •Dredge Sediment Curtain & Boom •Vapor & Odor Suppression Foam •Offsite Wetlands Mitigation Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NSTAR Facility, New Bedford (cont.) RTN 4-0012592

Outer Slip Cap Details

AquaBlok Placement

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

NSTAR Facility, New Bedford (cont.) RTN 4-0012592

• Permanent Solution w/ AUL achieved for both Inner Slip & Outer Slip (land under water) – unique ownership scenario allowed for AUL in a water body • property is actually “owned” by Sprague Petroleum / NSTAR

– filled, stabilized Inner Slip became “upland”

– Inner Slip AUL allows for unrestricted use of Inner Slip area provided cap is not disturbed – Outer Slip allows for mostly unrestricted use of area, provided cap is not disturbed (no mooring in area) – Order of Conditions required 3-year benthic layer monitoring (part of AUL, last cycle due 12/13) Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Chadwick Lead Mill Site, Marblehead RTN 3-0012695 • Property (6 acres) operated as lead mill between 1831 and 1910 – destroyed by fire in 1897, rebuilt & destroyed by fire in 1968, abandoned • metals (including lead) and PAHs released to environment

– surrounded by private residences; former railroad embankment (now bike/walking path); Wyman’s Woods; and near-shore sediments – Portions of site in (& owned by) Salem and Marblehead

• Multiple Permits & Approvals Needed (2005 start date) – MEPA Certificate, Order(s) of Conditions Towns ConsComm, ACOE Section 404 Dredge Permit, MassDEP Chapter 91 Waterways Dredge Permit, MassDEP 401 Water Quality Certification, MassCZM Determination of Consistency

• Remedy implemented by Private PRP between October 2010 and June 2012 Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Chadwick Lead Mill Site, Marblehead (cont.) RTN 3-0012695

Work Areas

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Chadwick Lead Mill Site, Marblehead (cont.) RTN 3-0012695

• Remediation began in November, 2010 – Excavation of lead-impacted soils and sediments in Coastal Resource Area – Excavation of contaminated soils in Wyman Woods, some upland areas (incl. Marblehead bike/walking trail) & abutting residential properties also excavated

• Goal  Achieve No Significant Risk under MCP (Permanent Solution sought) Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Chadwick Mills Lead Facility, Marblehead (cont.) RTN 3-0012695 Restoration of Coastal Resource Area

• Clean fill installed along coastal bank, intertidal beach & near-shore harbor edge • Beach grades restored to original conditions • Coir fascine logs installed along beach and bank to stabilize area • New plantings installed along bank & beach Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Chadwick Mills Lead Facility, Marblehead (cont.) RTN 3-0012695 Completed Restoration of Coastal Resource Area

• Public bike path/walking trail reopened to public (Nov 2011) • Limited annual monitoring of restored area (until 2016)

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Coal Tar Processing Facility, Everett RTN 3-0000309 • Site was historically a tidal marsh

– filled beginning in 1890s & developed for industrial use – by1900, a coal tar processing facility was operating on western bank of Island End River – operation ceased in 1960s – historic fill impacts to the environment (including sediments) – buildings demolished & area redeveloped as warehouse & commercial/industrial district Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Coal Tar Processing Facility, Everett (cont.) RTN 3-0000309

• Historical fill resulted in releases to the environment • Release Abatement Measure (RAM) Plan (May 2005) – construction of confined disposal facility (CDF) on portion of western shoreline of Island End River – mechanical dredging of Island End River sediment – stabilization of sediments in CDF – some off-site disposal of sediments

– placement of sand layer to stabilize dredge footprint – construction of a surface cover on CDF and barrier wall along portion of shoreline to mitigate potential discharges from upland to river Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Coal Tar Processing Facility, Everett (cont.) RTN 3-0000309

• Permitting: approximately 12 months • RAM construction: completed in July, 2007 Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Coal Tar Processing Facility, Everett (cont.) RTN 3-0000309

• July 2008  RAM activities supplemented to address areas of residual sheen generation in RAM area: – to fill larger voids in rip-rap placed during CDF construction, 3 to 6 inch stone placed atop existing larger rip-rap at toe of CDF; – marine mattresses (with organoclay attached to bottom) lowered into place approx. 5 feet away from CDF wall; – organoclay placed in 5 foot strip between mattresses and CDF wall & covered with 6-inch layer of 2-inch stone to protect the mattresses and organoclay; – organoclay placed between seams of mattresses to ensure coverage; Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Former Coal Tar Processing Facility, Everett (cont.) RTN 3-0000309 • CDF Surface − annual inspection of visible portions of surface water drainage features − maintenance, as necessary, to ensure integrity of CDF surface material

• CDF Wall − annual inspection for 5 years, then every 5 years − visual inspection by professional engineer, certified diver

− maintenance, as necessary  reapply epoxy coating to prevent wall deterioration  fix fender system, if damaged Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Climate Change & Reuse of Clean Sediments • Our Changing Coastal Landscape & Climate Change − − − −

Increased temperature / Variable precipitation Extreme weather events / Sea level rise Loss of habitat / Coastal erosion Reduction of sediment load to beaches

• Climate Adaptation Strategy: Beach nourishment : − Adding sediment (“beach fill”) to a beach/dunes system

• State Beach Nourishment Regulatory Process − Wetlands Regs 310 CMR 10.00 (dredging / dredge material disposal) − Water Quality Certification Regs (314 CMR 9.00) and − Public Waterfront Act (310 CMR 9.00) • •

http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/eea/energy/cca/eea-climate-adaptation-report.pdf http://www.mass.gov/eea/docs/dep/water/resources/a-thru-m/bchbod.pdf Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Many Thanks to Key DEP Presentation Collaborators: Ms. Molly Cote, BWSC-SERO Mr. Steve Johnson, BWSC-NERO Mr. Paul Craffey, BWSC-Boston Mr. Jim Mahala, BRP-SERO For More Information Contact: Millie Garcia-Serrano, BWSC-SERO (508) 946-2727

Massachusetts Department of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION