The UK Contribution to the 2012 Nuclear Security Summit
British Embassy Washington
Ministry of Defence
The UK Contribution to the 2012 Nuclear Security Summit PONI Spring Conference 18th - 19th April 2012 Kane Pollard British Embassy, Washington D.C.
Why have a Nuclear Security Summit? Ministry of Defence
• Nuclear security remains a priority for us all for three main reasons: – A successful act of nuclear terrorism would have catastrophic consequences. – Nuclear technology and materials are spreading. – More countries will need nuclear power.
British Embassy Washington
Washington D.C. April 2010 Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• During his 2009 Prague speech President Obama stated that nuclear terrorism remains the greatest threat to global security and announced the creation of the Nuclear Security Summit Process. • The Summit had three main outcomes: – the Final Communiqué, – a detailed Work Plan, – and over 30 national statements with pledges.
• The Summit committed to holding a 2012 NSS in Seoul, South Korea.
Status of 2010 UK Commitments Ministry of Defence
A.
Join President Obama’s campaign to secure all fissile material across the globe over the next four years. •
B.
Status: ONGOING.
Secure the extension of the G8-based Global Partnership (GP) beyond 2012 •
F.
Status: COMPLETED.
Support industry best practise alongside the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS) •
E.
Status: COMPLETED.
Contribute £4 million to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund (NSF) •
D.
Status: ONGOING.
Invite an IPPAS security review from the IAEA •
C.
British Embassy Washington
Status: COMPLETED.
Ratify the International Convention on the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT) & the Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material 2005 amendment (aCPPNM) •
Status: COMPLETED.
G. Utilise our new National Nuclear Centre of Excellence to develop cost effective and proliferation resistant civil nuclear power •
Status: ONGOING.
2012 NSS Objective Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• To focus high-level global attention on the threat posed by nuclear terrorism and the measures required to address the global challenge of preventing terrorists and other non-state actors from gaining access to sensitive nuclear materials, technology and information.
UK Proposal for 2012 NSS Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• Following the Inaugural 2010 Nuclear Security Summit the UK proposed a discussion topic of: “Protection of Sensitive Nuclear Information”
Why Information Security? Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• Acquiring the material to construct a device is only half the challenge for terrorist groups. Their efforts will fail unless they also acquire the knowledge of how to construct a viable device.
The Information Cascade Ministry of Defence
INTENT
TYPES OF INFORMATION
Determination and motivation Information gateway
•What is possible? •What expertise in required? •Which people/institutions hold the expertise?
MATERIAL Obtaining fissile material Information gateway
TECHNOLOGY
•Facility and storage location, design and security and the quantity and type of material stored •Physical, IT and personnel vulnerabilities •Security contingency plans and exercises, deployment and operations of guards and armed response units •Transportation security & vulnerabilities
Turning material into a device Information gateway
•Weapons design and weapons-related engineering •Knowledge and acquisition of explosives & weapons components •Wider physics, chemistry and metallurgy
DEPLOYMENT Getting device to a destination Information gateway
ATTACK Mounting an attack without detection
•Device portability and handling •Detector location, technology and vulnerabilities •Border security systems and vulnerabilities
British Embassy Washington
Finalised UK Proposal for 2012 NSS Ministry of Defence
• Action by Government – Raise Awareness at national and international levels. – Build Capacity through the development of legal tools.
• Action by Industry – Engage senior industry officials in nuclear forums. – Establish Industry Champions. – Build Capacity through formal training.
• Action by Academia and Science – – – – –
Outward-looking by providing advice to governments Inward-looking at own security challenges. Establish Academic Champions. Build Capacity by developing codes of conduct. Better establish peer-monitoring of information.
British Embassy Washington
Outcome of 2012 NSS Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• The 2012 Nuclear Security Summit was a success. • It was attended by 58 Global Leaders (50 in 2010) • Fissile Material has been completely removed from a number of countries (e.g. Mexico & Ukraine) • It set a target date of 2014 for bringing aCPPNM into force. • The US, France, Belgium and the Netherlands pledged to produce medical isotopes without the use of HEU by 2015. • Several countries such as Italy pledged to eliminate their stocks of fissile material. • Commitment to a 2014 Nuclear Security Summit chaired by the Netherlands.
The UK Perspective Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• Over half of the countries at the 2012 NSS signed up to the commitments in the UK’s multinational statement. • The UK joined initiatives launched by: – – – –
Germany on Securing Radioactive Sources. Indonesia on Model Legislation. Japan on Security during Transport. Jordan on countering Nuclear Smuggling.
• UK opening Nuclear Forensics Laboratory. • UK hosting an international workshop in autumn 2012 on state-of-the-art technical methods for nuclear detection. • New bilateral agreement with France on civil nuclear security and emergency response.
Ministry of Defence
The UK Contribution to the 2012 Nuclear Security Summit PONI Spring Conference 18th - 19th April 2012 Kane Pollard British Embassy, Washington D.C.
Why have a Nuclear Security Summit? Ministry of Defence
• Nuclear security remains a priority for us all for three main reasons: – A successful act of nuclear terrorism would have catastrophic consequences. – Nuclear technology and materials are spreading. – More countries will need nuclear power.
British Embassy Washington
Washington D.C. April 2010 Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• During his 2009 Prague speech President Obama stated that nuclear terrorism remains the greatest threat to global security and announced the creation of the Nuclear Security Summit Process. • The Summit had three main outcomes: – the Final Communiqué, – a detailed Work Plan, – and over 30 national statements with pledges.
• The Summit committed to holding a 2012 NSS in Seoul, South Korea.
Status of 2010 UK Commitments Ministry of Defence
A.
Join President Obama’s campaign to secure all fissile material across the globe over the next four years. •
B.
Status: ONGOING.
Secure the extension of the G8-based Global Partnership (GP) beyond 2012 •
F.
Status: COMPLETED.
Support industry best practise alongside the World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS) •
E.
Status: COMPLETED.
Contribute £4 million to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund (NSF) •
D.
Status: ONGOING.
Invite an IPPAS security review from the IAEA •
C.
British Embassy Washington
Status: COMPLETED.
Ratify the International Convention on the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT) & the Convention on Physical Protection of Nuclear Material 2005 amendment (aCPPNM) •
Status: COMPLETED.
G. Utilise our new National Nuclear Centre of Excellence to develop cost effective and proliferation resistant civil nuclear power •
Status: ONGOING.
2012 NSS Objective Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• To focus high-level global attention on the threat posed by nuclear terrorism and the measures required to address the global challenge of preventing terrorists and other non-state actors from gaining access to sensitive nuclear materials, technology and information.
UK Proposal for 2012 NSS Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• Following the Inaugural 2010 Nuclear Security Summit the UK proposed a discussion topic of: “Protection of Sensitive Nuclear Information”
Why Information Security? Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• Acquiring the material to construct a device is only half the challenge for terrorist groups. Their efforts will fail unless they also acquire the knowledge of how to construct a viable device.
The Information Cascade Ministry of Defence
INTENT
TYPES OF INFORMATION
Determination and motivation Information gateway
•What is possible? •What expertise in required? •Which people/institutions hold the expertise?
MATERIAL Obtaining fissile material Information gateway
TECHNOLOGY
•Facility and storage location, design and security and the quantity and type of material stored •Physical, IT and personnel vulnerabilities •Security contingency plans and exercises, deployment and operations of guards and armed response units •Transportation security & vulnerabilities
Turning material into a device Information gateway
•Weapons design and weapons-related engineering •Knowledge and acquisition of explosives & weapons components •Wider physics, chemistry and metallurgy
DEPLOYMENT Getting device to a destination Information gateway
ATTACK Mounting an attack without detection
•Device portability and handling •Detector location, technology and vulnerabilities •Border security systems and vulnerabilities
British Embassy Washington
Finalised UK Proposal for 2012 NSS Ministry of Defence
• Action by Government – Raise Awareness at national and international levels. – Build Capacity through the development of legal tools.
• Action by Industry – Engage senior industry officials in nuclear forums. – Establish Industry Champions. – Build Capacity through formal training.
• Action by Academia and Science – – – – –
Outward-looking by providing advice to governments Inward-looking at own security challenges. Establish Academic Champions. Build Capacity by developing codes of conduct. Better establish peer-monitoring of information.
British Embassy Washington
Outcome of 2012 NSS Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• The 2012 Nuclear Security Summit was a success. • It was attended by 58 Global Leaders (50 in 2010) • Fissile Material has been completely removed from a number of countries (e.g. Mexico & Ukraine) • It set a target date of 2014 for bringing aCPPNM into force. • The US, France, Belgium and the Netherlands pledged to produce medical isotopes without the use of HEU by 2015. • Several countries such as Italy pledged to eliminate their stocks of fissile material. • Commitment to a 2014 Nuclear Security Summit chaired by the Netherlands.
The UK Perspective Ministry of Defence
British Embassy Washington
• Over half of the countries at the 2012 NSS signed up to the commitments in the UK’s multinational statement. • The UK joined initiatives launched by: – – – –
Germany on Securing Radioactive Sources. Indonesia on Model Legislation. Japan on Security during Transport. Jordan on countering Nuclear Smuggling.
• UK opening Nuclear Forensics Laboratory. • UK hosting an international workshop in autumn 2012 on state-of-the-art technical methods for nuclear detection. • New bilateral agreement with France on civil nuclear security and emergency response.
