Session 501 - BAKER, Carl AWS
NPD Priorities in the ARF and ASEAN CARL BAKER PACIFIC FORUM CSIS
Nonproliferation Priorities based on Two Documents ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Nonproliferation and Disarmament (NPD) Work plan
ASEAN 2025 Political-‐Security Blueprint
ARF ISM on NPD Goals ØPromote full implementation of existing WMD non-‐proliferation and disarmament commitments and obligations ØPrevent illicit trafficking of WМD their means of delivery, and related materials ØImplement effective and appropriate national export control and border controls ØPromote implementation of UNSCR 1540 ØPromote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and access to nuclear technology, equipment, and fuel for peaceful uses under IAEA safeguards Ø Promote implementation of the Bangkok Treaty, and encourage dialogue between ASEAN and the Nuclear Weapons States on its Protocol ØPrevent any costly and destabilizing arms race in the ARF region
ASEAN 2025 P-S Blueprint ØPreserve Southeast Asia as a region free from nuclear weapons and other WMD, while contributing to global efforts on disarmament, non-‐proliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear energy ◦ Ensure implementation of SEANWFZ Treaty and its Plan of Action ◦ Support the establishment of regional nuclear weapon-‐free zones ◦ Develop coordinated ASEAN approach to improve nuclear safety, in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency and other relevant partners ◦ Promote disarmament and non-‐proliferation while enhancing ASEAN capacity to address deliberate/accidental release of hazardous substances/agents of WMD
Country
Chemical Weapons Convention
International Convention o n Suppression o f Acts o f Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT)
Brunei Darussalam
Ratification 1997
-‐
Cambodia
Ratification 2005
Signature 2006
Indonesia
Ratification 1998
Laos
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)
IAEA Additional Protocol
Convention o n the Physical Protection o f Nuclear Material (CPPNM)
Ratification 2013
-‐
-‐
In Force 2012
Ratification 2000
In Force 2015
In Force 2006 2005 amendment: NO
Accession 2014
In Force 2002
Ratification 2012
In Force 1999
In Force 1987 2005 amendment: YES
Ratification 1997
-‐
-‐
Ratification 2000
Signature 2014
In Force 2010 2005 amendment: NO
Malaysia
Ratification 2000
Signature 2005
-‐
Ratification 2008
Signature 2005
-‐
Myanmar
Ratification 2015
-‐
In Force 2017
Signature 1996
Signature 2013
In Force 2017 2005 amendment: YES
Philippines
Ratification 1996
Signature 2005
Signature 1994
Ratification 2001
In Force 2010
In Force 1987 2005 amendment: NO
Singapore
Ratification 1997
Ratification 2017
In Force 1998
Ratification 2001
In Force 2008
In Force 2014 2005 amendment: YES
Thailand
Ratification 2002
Signature 2005
-‐
Signature 1996
Signature 2005
-‐
Vietnam
Ratification 1998
Accession 2016
In Force 2010
Ratification 2006
In Force 2012
In Force 2012 2005 amendment: YES
Convention o n Nuclear Safety (CNS)
Priority Areas in ARF Work Plan
Non-‐ proliferation
Peaceful Use of Nuclear Technology
Disarmament
Priority Area #1: Non-Proliferation ØSupport implementation of international treaties. ØEncourage implementation of UNSCR 1540 and relevant recommendations of the UNSCR 1540 Committee. ØPromote development of best practices to build common approaches in strategic export controls. ØEncourage accession to or ratification of the CWC.
Priority Area #2: Peaceful Use of Nuclear Technology ØContribute to the development of peaceful uses of nuclear energy through sharing national experiences and assisting in capacity building in cooperation with the IАЕА, including relevant IАЕА standards on nuclear non-‐proliferation, safeguards, safety and security. ØTraining program for officials from ARF countries on non-‐ proliferation and disarmament issues.
Priority Area #3: Disarmament ØSupport goal of world free of nuclear weapons and identify how ARF could contribute to its achievement ØSupport implementation of international treaties ØConsider the merit of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (СТВT) ØEncourage accession to or ratification of CWC
Project types ØCapacity-‐building to share information and bring in government, private sector, community and other relevant experts to brief, train, or develop best practices ØPilot Projects for technical assistanсe or capacity-‐building project ØMultilateral tabletop or field exercises that build capacity for international cooperation at regional ARF and sub-‐regional levels
What has the ARF done?
Promote full implementation of existing nonproliferation and disarmament commitments and obligations Title
Place & Date
Seminar on Non-‐Proliferation of WМD
Singapore, March 2006
Regional Training Course on Developing a National Framework for Managing the Response to Security Events
Malaysia, June 2016
Workshop on the Eighth BWC Review Conference: Promoting BWC Implementation, Enhancing Global Biosecurity Governance
China, September 2016
Prevent illicit trafficking of WMD, their means of delivery, and related materials Title
Place & Date
Workshop on Non-‐Proliferation Nuclear Forensics
Thailand, December 2011
Workshop on Non-‐Proliferation Nuclear Forensics
Thailand, September 2013
Workshop on Countering Illicit Trafficking of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Materials
Philippines, November 2013
Tiger Reef: Cross-‐Disciplinary Training and Tabletop Exercise
Malaysia, February 2014
Malaysia-‐Thailand Table Top and Field Exercise On Combatting Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Materials at National Border
Malaysia-‐Thailand, June 2015
Implement effective and appropriate national export control and border controls Title
Place & Date
ARF Export Licensing Experts’ Meeting
Singapore, November 2005
International Workshop on Chemical Trade: Current Practices and Challenges
China, June 2016
Promote implementation of UNSCR 1540 Title
Place & Date
CBM Seminar on Implementation of UNSCR 1540
United States, February 2007
CBM Seminar on Implementation of UNSCR 1540
Thailand, May 2013
Training for the 1540 Points of Contact in the Asia and Pacific Region
China, September 2015
Promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy and access to nuclear technology, equipment, and fuel Title IAEA Regional Seminars on Safeguards System for countries in Southeast and South Asia
Place & Date Singapore, March 2011
Seminar on Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, Non-‐Proliferation and Vietnam, 2013 Security Seminar on Nuclear Security Culture
Vietnam, 2015
Workshop on Development and Implementation of a Radioactive Waste Management
Malaysia, 2016
Preventing costly and destabilizing arms race in region Title
Place & Date
ARF Seminar on Missile Defense
Thailand, 2005
ARF Workshop on Promoting Nuclear-‐Weapon-‐Free Status of Mongolia
Mongolia, 2015
ARF Workshop on Space Security
China, 2015
Final Meeting on Regional Cooperation on Emergency Preparedness in Southeast Asia
Malaysia, February 2016
ARF Work Plan on CounterTerrorism and Transnational Crime Some of ISM-‐CCTC’s works have overlapped that of ISM-‐NPD. One of ISM-‐CCTC’s priority areas is
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN)
ISM-CTTC Activities that fall into ISM-NPD priorities Title
Place & Date
First ARF CBM Seminar on Implementation of UNSCR 1540
United States, 2007
Biological Threat Reduction Workshop
Philippines, 2009
Workshop on Bio-‐risk Management
Philippines, 2010
Workshop on Preparedness and Response to a Biological Event
Philippines, 2012
Workshop on Countering Illicit Trafficking of Chemical, Biological, Philippines 2013 Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Materials Cross-‐Sectoral Security Cooperation on Bio-‐Preparedness and Disaster Response
Philippines 2014
Bio-‐Preparedness Table Top Exercise and Workshop
Philippines 2015
Workshop on Raising Awareness and Promoting Cooperation on Philippines 2015 CBRN Risk Mitigation
ARF Activities ARF Activities
Nuclear Energy Preventing Illicit Trafficking
4% 8% 25% 13%
Disarmament Full Implementation of WMD-‐related Commitments and Obligations UNSCR 1540
12% 21% 17%
Strategic Trade Control Dialogue between ASEAN and Nuclear Weapons States
Types of ARF Activities Numbers
15 10 5 0 Seminar/Workshop
Meeting
Training
Exercise
Numbers
Statement
Assistance
Conclusions ØNonproliferation is consistently included by countries in both ARF and ASEAN Annual Security Outlook reports as a primary security concern ØLittle diversity in types of events and limited number of activities compared to other ISMs ØActivities remain focused on workshops and seminars ØNPD work plan priorities built around pillars of the NPT ØLack of emphasis on non-‐nuclear related WMD and means of delivery issues ØMost recent version of the NPD work plan blends ARF with ASEAN activities ØOverlap between NPD and CTTC work plans and activities creates confusion
Improving the NPD work plan ØPriority areas in terms that promote more actionable outcomes ØAdoption of international and regional legal frameworks and arrangements ØImplementation of international and regional legal frameworks and arrangements ØPromote disarmament and the elimination of WMD ØPromote safe and secure use of WMD-‐related dual-‐use goods
ØProject types ØAwareness raising workshops and seminars ØImplementation workshops and seminars ØExercises and pilot projects ØCapacity building activities
Relevant CSCAP Memorandums ØCSCAP Memorandum 14: Guidelines on Managing Trade of Strategic Goods ØCSCAP Memorandum 17: Promoting the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy ØCSCAP Memorandum 19: Reduction and Elimination of Nuclear Weapons ØCSCAP Memorandum 22: Nonproliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction ØCSCAP Memorandum 27: Implementation of UNSCR 1540
Nonproliferation Priorities based on Two Documents ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Nonproliferation and Disarmament (NPD) Work plan
ASEAN 2025 Political-‐Security Blueprint
ARF ISM on NPD Goals ØPromote full implementation of existing WMD non-‐proliferation and disarmament commitments and obligations ØPrevent illicit trafficking of WМD their means of delivery, and related materials ØImplement effective and appropriate national export control and border controls ØPromote implementation of UNSCR 1540 ØPromote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and access to nuclear technology, equipment, and fuel for peaceful uses under IAEA safeguards Ø Promote implementation of the Bangkok Treaty, and encourage dialogue between ASEAN and the Nuclear Weapons States on its Protocol ØPrevent any costly and destabilizing arms race in the ARF region
ASEAN 2025 P-S Blueprint ØPreserve Southeast Asia as a region free from nuclear weapons and other WMD, while contributing to global efforts on disarmament, non-‐proliferation, and peaceful uses of nuclear energy ◦ Ensure implementation of SEANWFZ Treaty and its Plan of Action ◦ Support the establishment of regional nuclear weapon-‐free zones ◦ Develop coordinated ASEAN approach to improve nuclear safety, in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency and other relevant partners ◦ Promote disarmament and non-‐proliferation while enhancing ASEAN capacity to address deliberate/accidental release of hazardous substances/agents of WMD
Country
Chemical Weapons Convention
International Convention o n Suppression o f Acts o f Nuclear Terrorism (ICSANT)
Brunei Darussalam
Ratification 1997
-‐
Cambodia
Ratification 2005
Signature 2006
Indonesia
Ratification 1998
Laos
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)
IAEA Additional Protocol
Convention o n the Physical Protection o f Nuclear Material (CPPNM)
Ratification 2013
-‐
-‐
In Force 2012
Ratification 2000
In Force 2015
In Force 2006 2005 amendment: NO
Accession 2014
In Force 2002
Ratification 2012
In Force 1999
In Force 1987 2005 amendment: YES
Ratification 1997
-‐
-‐
Ratification 2000
Signature 2014
In Force 2010 2005 amendment: NO
Malaysia
Ratification 2000
Signature 2005
-‐
Ratification 2008
Signature 2005
-‐
Myanmar
Ratification 2015
-‐
In Force 2017
Signature 1996
Signature 2013
In Force 2017 2005 amendment: YES
Philippines
Ratification 1996
Signature 2005
Signature 1994
Ratification 2001
In Force 2010
In Force 1987 2005 amendment: NO
Singapore
Ratification 1997
Ratification 2017
In Force 1998
Ratification 2001
In Force 2008
In Force 2014 2005 amendment: YES
Thailand
Ratification 2002
Signature 2005
-‐
Signature 1996
Signature 2005
-‐
Vietnam
Ratification 1998
Accession 2016
In Force 2010
Ratification 2006
In Force 2012
In Force 2012 2005 amendment: YES
Convention o n Nuclear Safety (CNS)
Priority Areas in ARF Work Plan
Non-‐ proliferation
Peaceful Use of Nuclear Technology
Disarmament
Priority Area #1: Non-Proliferation ØSupport implementation of international treaties. ØEncourage implementation of UNSCR 1540 and relevant recommendations of the UNSCR 1540 Committee. ØPromote development of best practices to build common approaches in strategic export controls. ØEncourage accession to or ratification of the CWC.
Priority Area #2: Peaceful Use of Nuclear Technology ØContribute to the development of peaceful uses of nuclear energy through sharing national experiences and assisting in capacity building in cooperation with the IАЕА, including relevant IАЕА standards on nuclear non-‐proliferation, safeguards, safety and security. ØTraining program for officials from ARF countries on non-‐ proliferation and disarmament issues.
Priority Area #3: Disarmament ØSupport goal of world free of nuclear weapons and identify how ARF could contribute to its achievement ØSupport implementation of international treaties ØConsider the merit of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (СТВT) ØEncourage accession to or ratification of CWC
Project types ØCapacity-‐building to share information and bring in government, private sector, community and other relevant experts to brief, train, or develop best practices ØPilot Projects for technical assistanсe or capacity-‐building project ØMultilateral tabletop or field exercises that build capacity for international cooperation at regional ARF and sub-‐regional levels
What has the ARF done?
Promote full implementation of existing nonproliferation and disarmament commitments and obligations Title
Place & Date
Seminar on Non-‐Proliferation of WМD
Singapore, March 2006
Regional Training Course on Developing a National Framework for Managing the Response to Security Events
Malaysia, June 2016
Workshop on the Eighth BWC Review Conference: Promoting BWC Implementation, Enhancing Global Biosecurity Governance
China, September 2016
Prevent illicit trafficking of WMD, their means of delivery, and related materials Title
Place & Date
Workshop on Non-‐Proliferation Nuclear Forensics
Thailand, December 2011
Workshop on Non-‐Proliferation Nuclear Forensics
Thailand, September 2013
Workshop on Countering Illicit Trafficking of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Materials
Philippines, November 2013
Tiger Reef: Cross-‐Disciplinary Training and Tabletop Exercise
Malaysia, February 2014
Malaysia-‐Thailand Table Top and Field Exercise On Combatting Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and Other Radioactive Materials at National Border
Malaysia-‐Thailand, June 2015
Implement effective and appropriate national export control and border controls Title
Place & Date
ARF Export Licensing Experts’ Meeting
Singapore, November 2005
International Workshop on Chemical Trade: Current Practices and Challenges
China, June 2016
Promote implementation of UNSCR 1540 Title
Place & Date
CBM Seminar on Implementation of UNSCR 1540
United States, February 2007
CBM Seminar on Implementation of UNSCR 1540
Thailand, May 2013
Training for the 1540 Points of Contact in the Asia and Pacific Region
China, September 2015
Promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy and access to nuclear technology, equipment, and fuel Title IAEA Regional Seminars on Safeguards System for countries in Southeast and South Asia
Place & Date Singapore, March 2011
Seminar on Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, Non-‐Proliferation and Vietnam, 2013 Security Seminar on Nuclear Security Culture
Vietnam, 2015
Workshop on Development and Implementation of a Radioactive Waste Management
Malaysia, 2016
Preventing costly and destabilizing arms race in region Title
Place & Date
ARF Seminar on Missile Defense
Thailand, 2005
ARF Workshop on Promoting Nuclear-‐Weapon-‐Free Status of Mongolia
Mongolia, 2015
ARF Workshop on Space Security
China, 2015
Final Meeting on Regional Cooperation on Emergency Preparedness in Southeast Asia
Malaysia, February 2016
ARF Work Plan on CounterTerrorism and Transnational Crime Some of ISM-‐CCTC’s works have overlapped that of ISM-‐NPD. One of ISM-‐CCTC’s priority areas is
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN)
ISM-CTTC Activities that fall into ISM-NPD priorities Title
Place & Date
First ARF CBM Seminar on Implementation of UNSCR 1540
United States, 2007
Biological Threat Reduction Workshop
Philippines, 2009
Workshop on Bio-‐risk Management
Philippines, 2010
Workshop on Preparedness and Response to a Biological Event
Philippines, 2012
Workshop on Countering Illicit Trafficking of Chemical, Biological, Philippines 2013 Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) Materials Cross-‐Sectoral Security Cooperation on Bio-‐Preparedness and Disaster Response
Philippines 2014
Bio-‐Preparedness Table Top Exercise and Workshop
Philippines 2015
Workshop on Raising Awareness and Promoting Cooperation on Philippines 2015 CBRN Risk Mitigation
ARF Activities ARF Activities
Nuclear Energy Preventing Illicit Trafficking
4% 8% 25% 13%
Disarmament Full Implementation of WMD-‐related Commitments and Obligations UNSCR 1540
12% 21% 17%
Strategic Trade Control Dialogue between ASEAN and Nuclear Weapons States
Types of ARF Activities Numbers
15 10 5 0 Seminar/Workshop
Meeting
Training
Exercise
Numbers
Statement
Assistance
Conclusions ØNonproliferation is consistently included by countries in both ARF and ASEAN Annual Security Outlook reports as a primary security concern ØLittle diversity in types of events and limited number of activities compared to other ISMs ØActivities remain focused on workshops and seminars ØNPD work plan priorities built around pillars of the NPT ØLack of emphasis on non-‐nuclear related WMD and means of delivery issues ØMost recent version of the NPD work plan blends ARF with ASEAN activities ØOverlap between NPD and CTTC work plans and activities creates confusion
Improving the NPD work plan ØPriority areas in terms that promote more actionable outcomes ØAdoption of international and regional legal frameworks and arrangements ØImplementation of international and regional legal frameworks and arrangements ØPromote disarmament and the elimination of WMD ØPromote safe and secure use of WMD-‐related dual-‐use goods
ØProject types ØAwareness raising workshops and seminars ØImplementation workshops and seminars ØExercises and pilot projects ØCapacity building activities
Relevant CSCAP Memorandums ØCSCAP Memorandum 14: Guidelines on Managing Trade of Strategic Goods ØCSCAP Memorandum 17: Promoting the Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy ØCSCAP Memorandum 19: Reduction and Elimination of Nuclear Weapons ØCSCAP Memorandum 22: Nonproliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction ØCSCAP Memorandum 27: Implementation of UNSCR 1540
