Advanced - A: B: A: B:
Advanced - 藏 传佛 教 A:
(E0729)
记得上次你说在看关于藏传佛教的书。 ` ` kan ` guany ` ´ f´ojiao ` de ¯ u´ zangchu j`ıde shangc` ı nˇı shuo¯ zai an shu. ¯ I remember last time you said you were looking at a book on Tibetan Buddhism.
B:
嗯，感兴趣嘛，所以找一些书来看。 ˇ ıngqu` ma, suoyˇ ˇ ı zhao ˇ y¯ıxie¯ shu¯ laik ´ an. ` ng, ganx` Oh, I’m interested in it, so I found a few books to read.
A:
我也对它挺感兴趣的，正好可以请教你一下。听 说藏传佛教和文成公主有关系，是吗？ ˇ ıngqu` de, zhengh ` ˇ kˇeyˇı qˇıngjiao ` woˇ yˇe du`ı ta¯ tˇıng ganx` ao ` t¯ıngshuo¯ zangchu ` ´ f´ojiao ` he´ wench ´ ´ ¯ nˇı y¯ıxia. an eng gongzh uˇ ¯ ı, sh`ı ma? yˇouguanx` I’m also really interested in it. It’s great, because now I can ask you about it. I’ve heard that Tibetan Buddhism is somehow related to Princess Wencheng. Is that right?
B:
对，虽然对于它的起源还有别的说法，但是现 在大家比较认同的一点就是当时的藏王娶了尼泊 尔公主和唐朝的文成公主，两位公主都带去了佛 像、佛经。藏王在他们的影响下皈依佛教，从此 佛教进入了西藏。
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
´ du`ıyu´ ta¯ de qˇıyuan ´ hai ´ yˇou biede ´ ` ¯ a, dandu`ı, su¯ıran shuofˇ ` ai ` daji ` a¯ bˇıjiao ` rent ` ong ´ ˇ jiush` ¯ sh`ı xianz de y¯ıdian ı de ` ı dangsh´ ` ˇ gongzh ´ ´ de wench ´ ´ ¯ zangw´ ang quˇ le N´ıbo´ er uˇ he´ tangch ao eng ˇ ` gongzh ` u` le f´oxiang, ` ¯ ¯ ¯ daiq gongzh u, wei uˇ dou f´oj¯ıng. ˇ liang ` ` tamen ˇ ` , congcˇ ´ ¯ zangw´ ang zai de yˇıngxiang xia` gu¯ıy¯ı f´ojiao ı ` j`ınru` le X¯ızang. ` f´ojiao Yes. Although there are other explanations of its origins, there is general agreement these days that the King of Tibet married a Nepalese princess and Princess Wencheng of the Tang dynasty. The two princesses both brought Buddhist images and texts. Under their influence, the King of Tibet converted to Buddhism. In this way, Buddhism entered Tibet.
A:
爱情的力量真大啊。 ` ıng de l`ıliang zhen ¯ da` a. ¯ aiq´ Love is really powerful, huh.
B:
也不光是这样。藏王皈依以后，开始在西藏兴 建寺庙，弘扬佛教。在那之后又过了一百多年， 佛教又直接从印度传入西藏，更加推动了它的发 展。而佛教也从外来宗教慢慢变成了有西藏特色 的藏传佛教。 ` ang. zangw´ ` ` kaishˇ ` ¯ ¯ ı zai yˇe b`uguang sh`ı zhey` ang gu¯ıy¯ı yˇıhou, ` ` s`ımiao, ` hongy´ ´ ` zai ` na` zh¯ıhou ` y`ou X¯ızang x¯ıngjian ang f´ojiao. ˇ oni ´ , f´ojiao ` y`ou zh´ıjie¯ cong ´ ´ u` ¯ an guo` le y¯ıbaidu Y`ındu` chuanr ` ` ` ˇ ´ f´ojiao ` yˇe cong ´ X¯ızang, gengji a¯ tu¯ıdong le ta¯ de f¯azhan. er ´ z¯ongjiao ` manm ` ` bianch ` ´ ` ` e` de w`ailai an eng le yˇou X¯ızang tes ` ´ f´ojiao. ` zangchu an
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
But it wasn’t just that. After the King of Tibet converted, he started to build temples in Tibet and to promote Buddhism. After that, another hundred years passed, and Buddhism was directly transmitted from India to Tibet, further spurring its development. So Buddhism gradually changed from a foreign religion into Buddhism with Tibetan characteristics.
A:
那藏传佛教和中原佛教主要的区别是什么呢？我 总感觉藏传佛教相比之下非常神秘。 ` ´ f´ojiao ` he´ zhongyu ´ f´ojiao ` zhuy` ¯ na` zangchu an an ˇ ao de qubi ¯ e´ ´ ˇ e´ zangchu ` ´ f´ojiao ` xiangbˇ ¯ sh`ı shenme ne? woˇ zˇong ganju an ı´ ´ zh¯ıxia` f¯eichang shenm` ı. So what are the main differences between Tibetan Buddhism and the original Buddhism? I’ve always felt that Tibetan Buddhism is much more mysterious.
B:
藏传佛教融合了很多西藏当地的文化、习俗和 政治因素，再加上它选用的经文也不同，所以在 信仰体系、修行的方法和具体的目的上都有所不 同。总的来说，藏传佛教对喇嘛异常的尊崇、有 活佛转世的思想、教派繁多，而且宗教与政治紧 密结合；还有它的仪式也特别复杂。这些都是比 较明显的区别。
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
` ´ f´ojiao ` rongh ´ ˇ duo¯ X¯ızang ` dangd` ´ ¯ zangchu an e´ le hen ı de wen` ` jiashang ˇ ong de ¯ hua` x´ısu´ he´ zhengzh` ı y¯ınsu, ta¯ xuany` ` zai ´ yˇe b`utong, ´ ˇ ı zai ` x`ınyˇang tˇıx`ı, xiux´ j¯ıngwen suoyˇ ¯ ıng de f¯angfˇa ` ˇ utong. ´ ´ ¯ yˇousuob` ¯ he´ jutˇ dou zˇongdelaishu o, ` ı de mud` ` ı shang ` ´ f´ojiao ` du`ı lam ˇ a¯ y`ıchang ´ ´ ´ zangchu an de zunch ong, yˇou huo¯ ˇ ˇ ` ai ` f´anduo, ´ eˇ z¯ongjiao ` yuˇ ¯ erqi f´o zhuansh` ı de s¯ıxiang, jiaop ` ´ e; ´ hai ´ yˇou ta¯ de y´ısh`ı yˇe tebi ` e´ fuz ` zhengzh` ı jˇınm`ı jieh ` a´ . zhe` m´ıngxian ˇ de qubi ´ ¯ sh`ı bˇıjiao xie¯ dou ¯ e. Tibetan Buddhism fused a lot of local Tibetan culture, customs and political factors. Plus, its holy texts are different, and so the belief systems, methods and concrete goals all have some differences. In summary, Tibetan Buddhism has great respect for Lamas, with a belief in the reincarnation of living Buddhas. There are a lot of sects, and a close connection between religion and government. Also, its rites are really complicated. These are all some relatively obvious differences.
A:
喇嘛就是藏传佛教中的老师，对吗？ ˇ a¯ jiush` ` ´ f´ojiao ` zhong ˇ ¯ lam an de laosh¯ ı, du`ı ma? ` ı zangchu Lamas are the teachers of Tibetan Buddhism, right?
B:
嗯，他们的学识和等级都很高。由于藏传佛教特 别注重师徒传承的方式，所以作为老师和智者的 喇嘛地位自然就非常崇高了。 ´ ı he´ dengj´ ˇ ı dou ˇ gao. ` ¯ ¯ hen ¯ y´ouyu´ zangng, tamen de xuesh´ ´ f´ojiao ` tebi ` e´ zhuzh ` ´ ´ chuan sh¯ıtu´ chuanch eng de f¯angsh`ı, ` ong ˇ ı zuow ` ei ´ laosh¯ ˇ ˇ ` z`ıran ´ jiu` f¯eisuoyˇ ı he´ zh`ızheˇ de lama d`ıwei ´ ´ ¯ le. chang chongg ao
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
Oh, their knowledge and level are really high. Since Tibetan Buddhism puts a lot of importance on the transmission of knowledge from master to student. So lamas, who serve as teachers and sages, are naturally very highly respected.
A:
哦，原来如此。不过地位最高的应该是活佛吧？ ´ ai ´ rucˇ ` zu`ıgao ´o ¯ de y¯ınggai ¯ sh`ı huof´ o, yuanl ´ ı. b`uguo` d`ıwei ba? Oh, so that’s how it is. But the one with the highest status is the living Buddha, right?
B:
没错。这也是藏传佛教的一个特点，它相信菩萨 在人间有一个肉身，而这个肉身就是活佛，当然 就是最至高无上的人物。而活佛圆寂后会转世， 他的弟子便会通过一系列的方法去寻找、认定转 世的灵童。现在，大概有上万个活佛吧。 ´ o. ` zhe` yˇesh`ı zangchu ` ´ f´ojiao ` de y¯ı ge tedi ` an, ˇ ta¯ meicu an ` renji ´ an ` ´ zhege ` ` ¯ ¯ yˇou y¯ı ge roush ¯ er xiangx` ın pus en, rou´ a` zai ´ o, dangr ´ jiush` ` ¯ jiush` ¯ ¯ ush shen an de ` ı huof´ ` ı zu`ı zh`ıgaow ´ ang ´ u. ´ huof´ ´ o yuanj` ´ ı hou ` hu`ı zhuansh` ˇ ` renw ı, ta¯ de d`ızˇı bian ` er ˇ rend` ` ıng zhuansh` ˇ ¯ hu`ı tonggu o` y¯ıx`ılie` de f¯angfˇa qu` xunzh ao, ı ´ ´ ` ai, ` dag ` ai ` yˇou shang ` ´ o ba. de l´ıngtong . xianz w`an ge huof´ Right. This is a characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism. It holds that the Buddha has a human body, this living body is a living Buddha. Of course, he is the supreme person. And after the living Buddha dies, he will be re-incarnated. His disciples will use a series of measures to find him, and to verify the reincarnated holy child. There are currently about ten thousand living Buddhas.
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
A:
那么多啊！我还以为是凤毛麟角，就那么一两个 人呢。 ` ´ yˇıwei ´ sh`ı f`engmaol´ ´ ınjiao, ˇ jiu` name ` ¯ woˇ hai name duo¯ a! y¯ı ˇ ´ ne. liang ge` ren So many! I thought they were extremely rare, just one or two of them maybe.
B:
活佛也分等级的。几个大的教派里的最高等转世 活佛的地位在整个宗教里的地位都很高，也会得 到信徒们的顶礼膜拜。 ´ o yˇe f¯en dengj´ ˇ ı de. jˇıge da` de jiaop ` ai ` lˇı de zu`ı gaod ˇ ¯ eng huof´ ˇ ´ o de d`ıwei ` zai ` zhengg ˇ ` lˇı de d`ıwei ` zhuansh` ı huof´ e` z¯ongjiao ˇ gao, ´ ao ` x`ıntu´ men de dˇınglˇımob ´ ai. ` ¯ hen ¯ yˇe hu`ı ded dou There are ranks within the living Buddhas. A few of the highest reincarnated living Buddhas in the biggest sects have extremely high status in the entire religion. And they also have disciples who come to pay homage.
A:
嗯，藏传佛教的信徒好像特别虔诚。你看他们朝 圣的时候，一步一叩，五体投地的膜拜姿势，就 知道他们有多虔诚了。而且在朝圣之路上，他们 始终保持这样的姿势，翻山越岭，直到到达布达 拉宫。听说有人朝圣一次要花上几年的时间。
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
` ´ f´ojiao ` de x`ıntu´ haoxi ˇ ang ` tebi ` e´ qianch ´ ´ ng, zangchu an eng. nˇı ` tamen ´ ` ´ ı de ¯ kan chaosh eng de sh´ıhou, y¯ıb`u y¯ı k`ou, wutˇ ˇ ıtoud` ´ ai ` z¯ısh`ı, jiu` zh¯ıdao ` tamen ´ ´ ´ eˇ ¯ mob yˇou duo¯ qianch eng le. erqi ` chaosh ´ ` ˇ ` ¯ ¯ zai eng zh¯ı lu` shang, tamen shˇızhong baoch´ ı zhe` ıng, zh´ıdao ` daod ` a´ b`udal ´ a¯ gong ¯ ¯ y`ang de z¯ısh`ı , f¯anshanyu elˇ ´ chaosh ´ ` ` ´ de ¯ ang . t¯ıngshuo¯ yˇouren eng y¯ıc`ı y`ao huash jˇınian ¯ sh´ıjian. Oh, it seems like the disciples of Tibetan Buddhism are extremely pious. When you see them going on pilgrimage, bowing after each step, with all their limbs and their head touching the ground, you realize how devout they are. And they maintain this posture for the entire length of their pilgrimage all the way to the Potala Palace, even as they cross mountain ranges. I’ve heard that a single pilgrimage takes several years.
B:
是啊，青海和内蒙都有挺多藏传佛教的信徒，还 有很多西藏的信徒住在很偏远的地方，他们即使 花几年也在所不惜，因为朝圣既是他们的精神寄 托，也是他们一生的荣耀。 ˇ he´ Neim ` eng ´ dou ` ´ f´o¯ Q¯ınghai ¯ yˇou tˇıng duo¯ zangchu sh`ı a, an ` de x`ıntu, ´ yˇou hen ˇ duo¯ X¯ızang ` ` hen ˇ jiao de x`ıntu´ zhuz ´ hai ` ai ˇ de d`ıfang, tamen ´ yˇe zaisu ` ob` ˇ ux¯ı, ¯ ¯ pianyu an j´ıshˇı hua¯ jˇınian ` chaosh ´ ` ´ j`ıtuo, ¯ ¯ yˇe sh`ı ta¯ y¯ınwei eng j`ı sh`ı tamen de j¯ıngshen ´ ¯ men y¯ısheng de rongy` ao.
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
That’s right. Qinghai and Inner Mongolia have a lot of Tibetan Buddhist believers, and there are a lot of believers who live in really remote areas. They have no qualms about spending years on a pilgrimage, because it’s the biggest honor of their lives, and they entrust their spirits to this journey.
A:
听你越说越有意思，下次一定要再多请教。 ` ı y¯ıd`ıng y`ao zai ` duo¯ qˇıngt¯ıng nˇı yue` shuo¯ yue` yˇouy`ısi, xiac` ` jiao. The more I hear you talk, the more interesting it seems. Next time I’ll ask you about even more.
B:
那我要好好做功课了。 ˇ ao ˇ zuo` gongk` ¯ na` woˇ y`ao haoh e le. Well, then, I’ll be sure to do my homework.
Key Vocabulary
皈依
gu¯ıy¯ı
to believe in Buddhism
修行
xiux´ ¯ ıng
to practice Buddhism
喇嘛
ˇ a¯ lam
Lama
活佛
´o huof´
Living Buddha
传承
´ ´ chuanch eng
to pass down
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
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2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
肉身
` ¯ roush en
physical body
至高无上
` ¯ ush zh`ıgaow ´ ang
supreme
圆寂
´ ı yuanj`
to leave the natural world
转世
ˇ zhuansh` ı
reincarnation
灵童
´ l´ıngtong
Lama reincarnated as a child
凤毛麟角
´ ınjiao ˇ f`engmaol´
very few and rare
顶礼膜拜
´ ai ` dˇınglˇımob
the highest form of worship
虔诚
´ ´ qianch eng
devout
五体投地
´ ı wutˇ ˇ ıtoud`
deeply admire
朝圣
´ ` chaosh eng
to make a pilgrimage
在所不惜
` ob` ˇ ux¯ı zaisu
unceasingly willing
Supplementary Vocabulary
伊斯兰教
´ ao ` y¯ıs¯ılanji
Islam
基督教
` j¯ıduji ¯ ao
Christianity
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2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
无神论
´ un wush ´ enl `
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Atheism
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
(E0729)
记得上次你说在看关于藏传佛教的书。 ` ` kan ` guany ` ´ f´ojiao ` de ¯ u´ zangchu j`ıde shangc` ı nˇı shuo¯ zai an shu. ¯ I remember last time you said you were looking at a book on Tibetan Buddhism.
B:
嗯，感兴趣嘛，所以找一些书来看。 ˇ ıngqu` ma, suoyˇ ˇ ı zhao ˇ y¯ıxie¯ shu¯ laik ´ an. ` ng, ganx` Oh, I’m interested in it, so I found a few books to read.
A:
我也对它挺感兴趣的，正好可以请教你一下。听 说藏传佛教和文成公主有关系，是吗？ ˇ ıngqu` de, zhengh ` ˇ kˇeyˇı qˇıngjiao ` woˇ yˇe du`ı ta¯ tˇıng ganx` ao ` t¯ıngshuo¯ zangchu ` ´ f´ojiao ` he´ wench ´ ´ ¯ nˇı y¯ıxia. an eng gongzh uˇ ¯ ı, sh`ı ma? yˇouguanx` I’m also really interested in it. It’s great, because now I can ask you about it. I’ve heard that Tibetan Buddhism is somehow related to Princess Wencheng. Is that right?
B:
对，虽然对于它的起源还有别的说法，但是现 在大家比较认同的一点就是当时的藏王娶了尼泊 尔公主和唐朝的文成公主，两位公主都带去了佛 像、佛经。藏王在他们的影响下皈依佛教，从此 佛教进入了西藏。
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
´ du`ıyu´ ta¯ de qˇıyuan ´ hai ´ yˇou biede ´ ` ¯ a, dandu`ı, su¯ıran shuofˇ ` ai ` daji ` a¯ bˇıjiao ` rent ` ong ´ ˇ jiush` ¯ sh`ı xianz de y¯ıdian ı de ` ı dangsh´ ` ˇ gongzh ´ ´ de wench ´ ´ ¯ zangw´ ang quˇ le N´ıbo´ er uˇ he´ tangch ao eng ˇ ` gongzh ` u` le f´oxiang, ` ¯ ¯ ¯ daiq gongzh u, wei uˇ dou f´oj¯ıng. ˇ liang ` ` tamen ˇ ` , congcˇ ´ ¯ zangw´ ang zai de yˇıngxiang xia` gu¯ıy¯ı f´ojiao ı ` j`ınru` le X¯ızang. ` f´ojiao Yes. Although there are other explanations of its origins, there is general agreement these days that the King of Tibet married a Nepalese princess and Princess Wencheng of the Tang dynasty. The two princesses both brought Buddhist images and texts. Under their influence, the King of Tibet converted to Buddhism. In this way, Buddhism entered Tibet.
A:
爱情的力量真大啊。 ` ıng de l`ıliang zhen ¯ da` a. ¯ aiq´ Love is really powerful, huh.
B:
也不光是这样。藏王皈依以后，开始在西藏兴 建寺庙，弘扬佛教。在那之后又过了一百多年， 佛教又直接从印度传入西藏，更加推动了它的发 展。而佛教也从外来宗教慢慢变成了有西藏特色 的藏传佛教。 ` ang. zangw´ ` ` kaishˇ ` ¯ ¯ ı zai yˇe b`uguang sh`ı zhey` ang gu¯ıy¯ı yˇıhou, ` ` s`ımiao, ` hongy´ ´ ` zai ` na` zh¯ıhou ` y`ou X¯ızang x¯ıngjian ang f´ojiao. ˇ oni ´ , f´ojiao ` y`ou zh´ıjie¯ cong ´ ´ u` ¯ an guo` le y¯ıbaidu Y`ındu` chuanr ` ` ` ˇ ´ f´ojiao ` yˇe cong ´ X¯ızang, gengji a¯ tu¯ıdong le ta¯ de f¯azhan. er ´ z¯ongjiao ` manm ` ` bianch ` ´ ` ` e` de w`ailai an eng le yˇou X¯ızang tes ` ´ f´ojiao. ` zangchu an
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
But it wasn’t just that. After the King of Tibet converted, he started to build temples in Tibet and to promote Buddhism. After that, another hundred years passed, and Buddhism was directly transmitted from India to Tibet, further spurring its development. So Buddhism gradually changed from a foreign religion into Buddhism with Tibetan characteristics.
A:
那藏传佛教和中原佛教主要的区别是什么呢？我 总感觉藏传佛教相比之下非常神秘。 ` ´ f´ojiao ` he´ zhongyu ´ f´ojiao ` zhuy` ¯ na` zangchu an an ˇ ao de qubi ¯ e´ ´ ˇ e´ zangchu ` ´ f´ojiao ` xiangbˇ ¯ sh`ı shenme ne? woˇ zˇong ganju an ı´ ´ zh¯ıxia` f¯eichang shenm` ı. So what are the main differences between Tibetan Buddhism and the original Buddhism? I’ve always felt that Tibetan Buddhism is much more mysterious.
B:
藏传佛教融合了很多西藏当地的文化、习俗和 政治因素，再加上它选用的经文也不同，所以在 信仰体系、修行的方法和具体的目的上都有所不 同。总的来说，藏传佛教对喇嘛异常的尊崇、有 活佛转世的思想、教派繁多，而且宗教与政治紧 密结合；还有它的仪式也特别复杂。这些都是比 较明显的区别。
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
` ´ f´ojiao ` rongh ´ ˇ duo¯ X¯ızang ` dangd` ´ ¯ zangchu an e´ le hen ı de wen` ` jiashang ˇ ong de ¯ hua` x´ısu´ he´ zhengzh` ı y¯ınsu, ta¯ xuany` ` zai ´ yˇe b`utong, ´ ˇ ı zai ` x`ınyˇang tˇıx`ı, xiux´ j¯ıngwen suoyˇ ¯ ıng de f¯angfˇa ` ˇ utong. ´ ´ ¯ yˇousuob` ¯ he´ jutˇ dou zˇongdelaishu o, ` ı de mud` ` ı shang ` ´ f´ojiao ` du`ı lam ˇ a¯ y`ıchang ´ ´ ´ zangchu an de zunch ong, yˇou huo¯ ˇ ˇ ` ai ` f´anduo, ´ eˇ z¯ongjiao ` yuˇ ¯ erqi f´o zhuansh` ı de s¯ıxiang, jiaop ` ´ e; ´ hai ´ yˇou ta¯ de y´ısh`ı yˇe tebi ` e´ fuz ` zhengzh` ı jˇınm`ı jieh ` a´ . zhe` m´ıngxian ˇ de qubi ´ ¯ sh`ı bˇıjiao xie¯ dou ¯ e. Tibetan Buddhism fused a lot of local Tibetan culture, customs and political factors. Plus, its holy texts are different, and so the belief systems, methods and concrete goals all have some differences. In summary, Tibetan Buddhism has great respect for Lamas, with a belief in the reincarnation of living Buddhas. There are a lot of sects, and a close connection between religion and government. Also, its rites are really complicated. These are all some relatively obvious differences.
A:
喇嘛就是藏传佛教中的老师，对吗？ ˇ a¯ jiush` ` ´ f´ojiao ` zhong ˇ ¯ lam an de laosh¯ ı, du`ı ma? ` ı zangchu Lamas are the teachers of Tibetan Buddhism, right?
B:
嗯，他们的学识和等级都很高。由于藏传佛教特 别注重师徒传承的方式，所以作为老师和智者的 喇嘛地位自然就非常崇高了。 ´ ı he´ dengj´ ˇ ı dou ˇ gao. ` ¯ ¯ hen ¯ y´ouyu´ zangng, tamen de xuesh´ ´ f´ojiao ` tebi ` e´ zhuzh ` ´ ´ chuan sh¯ıtu´ chuanch eng de f¯angsh`ı, ` ong ˇ ı zuow ` ei ´ laosh¯ ˇ ˇ ` z`ıran ´ jiu` f¯eisuoyˇ ı he´ zh`ızheˇ de lama d`ıwei ´ ´ ¯ le. chang chongg ao
Visit the Online Review and Discussion (text version).
c
2008 Praxis Language Ltd.
Oh, their knowledge and level are really high. Since Tibetan Buddhism puts a lot of importance on the transmission of knowledge from master to student. So lamas, who serve as teachers and sages, are naturally very highly respected.
A:
哦，原来如此。不过地位最高的应该是活佛吧？ ´ ai ´ rucˇ ` zu`ıgao ´o ¯ de y¯ınggai ¯ sh`ı huof´ o, yuanl ´ ı. b`uguo` d`ıwei ba? Oh, so that’s how it is. But the one with the highest status is the living Buddha, right?
B:
没错。这也是藏传佛教的一个特点，它相信菩萨 在人间有一个肉身，而这个肉身就是活佛，当然 就是最至高无上的人物。而活佛圆寂后会转世， 他的弟子便会通过一系列的方法去寻找、认定转 世的灵童。现在，大概有上万个活佛吧。 ´ o. ` zhe` yˇesh`ı zangchu ` ´ f´ojiao ` de y¯ı ge tedi ` an, ˇ ta¯ meicu an ` renji ´ an ` ´ zhege ` ` ¯ ¯ yˇou y¯ı ge roush ¯ er xiangx` ın pus en, rou´ a` zai ´ o, dangr ´ jiush` ` ¯ jiush` ¯ ¯ ush shen an de ` ı huof´ ` ı zu`ı zh`ıgaow ´ ang ´ u. ´ huof´ ´ o yuanj` ´ ı hou ` hu`ı zhuansh` ˇ ` renw ı, ta¯ de d`ızˇı bian ` er ˇ rend` ` ıng zhuansh` ˇ ¯ hu`ı tonggu o` y¯ıx`ılie` de f¯angfˇa qu` xunzh ao, ı ´ ´ ` ai, ` dag ` ai ` yˇou shang ` ´ o ba. de l´ıngtong . xianz w`an ge huof´ Right. This is a characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism. It holds that the Buddha has a human body, this living body is a living Buddha. Of course, he is the supreme person. And after the living Buddha dies, he will be re-incarnated. His disciples will use a series of measures to find him, and to verify the reincarnated holy child. There are currently about ten thousand living Buddhas.
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A:
那么多啊！我还以为是凤毛麟角，就那么一两个 人呢。 ` ´ yˇıwei ´ sh`ı f`engmaol´ ´ ınjiao, ˇ jiu` name ` ¯ woˇ hai name duo¯ a! y¯ı ˇ ´ ne. liang ge` ren So many! I thought they were extremely rare, just one or two of them maybe.
B:
活佛也分等级的。几个大的教派里的最高等转世 活佛的地位在整个宗教里的地位都很高，也会得 到信徒们的顶礼膜拜。 ´ o yˇe f¯en dengj´ ˇ ı de. jˇıge da` de jiaop ` ai ` lˇı de zu`ı gaod ˇ ¯ eng huof´ ˇ ´ o de d`ıwei ` zai ` zhengg ˇ ` lˇı de d`ıwei ` zhuansh` ı huof´ e` z¯ongjiao ˇ gao, ´ ao ` x`ıntu´ men de dˇınglˇımob ´ ai. ` ¯ hen ¯ yˇe hu`ı ded dou There are ranks within the living Buddhas. A few of the highest reincarnated living Buddhas in the biggest sects have extremely high status in the entire religion. And they also have disciples who come to pay homage.
A:
嗯，藏传佛教的信徒好像特别虔诚。你看他们朝 圣的时候，一步一叩，五体投地的膜拜姿势，就 知道他们有多虔诚了。而且在朝圣之路上，他们 始终保持这样的姿势，翻山越岭，直到到达布达 拉宫。听说有人朝圣一次要花上几年的时间。
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` ´ f´ojiao ` de x`ıntu´ haoxi ˇ ang ` tebi ` e´ qianch ´ ´ ng, zangchu an eng. nˇı ` tamen ´ ` ´ ı de ¯ kan chaosh eng de sh´ıhou, y¯ıb`u y¯ı k`ou, wutˇ ˇ ıtoud` ´ ai ` z¯ısh`ı, jiu` zh¯ıdao ` tamen ´ ´ ´ eˇ ¯ mob yˇou duo¯ qianch eng le. erqi ` chaosh ´ ` ˇ ` ¯ ¯ zai eng zh¯ı lu` shang, tamen shˇızhong baoch´ ı zhe` ıng, zh´ıdao ` daod ` a´ b`udal ´ a¯ gong ¯ ¯ y`ang de z¯ısh`ı , f¯anshanyu elˇ ´ chaosh ´ ` ` ´ de ¯ ang . t¯ıngshuo¯ yˇouren eng y¯ıc`ı y`ao huash jˇınian ¯ sh´ıjian. Oh, it seems like the disciples of Tibetan Buddhism are extremely pious. When you see them going on pilgrimage, bowing after each step, with all their limbs and their head touching the ground, you realize how devout they are. And they maintain this posture for the entire length of their pilgrimage all the way to the Potala Palace, even as they cross mountain ranges. I’ve heard that a single pilgrimage takes several years.
B:
是啊，青海和内蒙都有挺多藏传佛教的信徒，还 有很多西藏的信徒住在很偏远的地方，他们即使 花几年也在所不惜，因为朝圣既是他们的精神寄 托，也是他们一生的荣耀。 ˇ he´ Neim ` eng ´ dou ` ´ f´o¯ Q¯ınghai ¯ yˇou tˇıng duo¯ zangchu sh`ı a, an ` de x`ıntu, ´ yˇou hen ˇ duo¯ X¯ızang ` ` hen ˇ jiao de x`ıntu´ zhuz ´ hai ` ai ˇ de d`ıfang, tamen ´ yˇe zaisu ` ob` ˇ ux¯ı, ¯ ¯ pianyu an j´ıshˇı hua¯ jˇınian ` chaosh ´ ` ´ j`ıtuo, ¯ ¯ yˇe sh`ı ta¯ y¯ınwei eng j`ı sh`ı tamen de j¯ıngshen ´ ¯ men y¯ısheng de rongy` ao.
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That’s right. Qinghai and Inner Mongolia have a lot of Tibetan Buddhist believers, and there are a lot of believers who live in really remote areas. They have no qualms about spending years on a pilgrimage, because it’s the biggest honor of their lives, and they entrust their spirits to this journey.
A:
听你越说越有意思，下次一定要再多请教。 ` ı y¯ıd`ıng y`ao zai ` duo¯ qˇıngt¯ıng nˇı yue` shuo¯ yue` yˇouy`ısi, xiac` ` jiao. The more I hear you talk, the more interesting it seems. Next time I’ll ask you about even more.
B:
那我要好好做功课了。 ˇ ao ˇ zuo` gongk` ¯ na` woˇ y`ao haoh e le. Well, then, I’ll be sure to do my homework.
Key Vocabulary
皈依
gu¯ıy¯ı
to believe in Buddhism
修行
xiux´ ¯ ıng
to practice Buddhism
喇嘛
ˇ a¯ lam
Lama
活佛
´o huof´
Living Buddha
传承
´ ´ chuanch eng
to pass down
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肉身
` ¯ roush en
physical body
至高无上
` ¯ ush zh`ıgaow ´ ang
supreme
圆寂
´ ı yuanj`
to leave the natural world
转世
ˇ zhuansh` ı
reincarnation
灵童
´ l´ıngtong
Lama reincarnated as a child
凤毛麟角
´ ınjiao ˇ f`engmaol´
very few and rare
顶礼膜拜
´ ai ` dˇınglˇımob
the highest form of worship
虔诚
´ ´ qianch eng
devout
五体投地
´ ı wutˇ ˇ ıtoud`
deeply admire
朝圣
´ ` chaosh eng
to make a pilgrimage
在所不惜
` ob` ˇ ux¯ı zaisu
unceasingly willing
Supplementary Vocabulary
伊斯兰教
´ ao ` y¯ıs¯ılanji
Islam
基督教
` j¯ıduji ¯ ao
Christianity
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无神论
´ un wush ´ enl `
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Atheism
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