IL12 SpanishPower
1
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123
Paso Uno Pronunciation
Please play your audio marked Lesson Twelve - Intermediate Pronunciation. AUDIO
Quiero que abras la boca, hables alto, y hables con pasión!
el trapo
la razón
despedir
la esponja
el comprador
divorciarse
la basura
la factura
enviar
las hojas
la oferta
quemarse
la conducta
la propuesta
doler
los sentimientos
el espejo
exportar
la calidad
la guía telefónica
producir
el consejo
la radio
marcar
la mentira
las páginas amarillas
último
el vecindario
el código postal
común
la costumbre
reunirse
liviano
la experiencia
conocer
pesado
¡Sí, terminé de pronunciar las palabras con vida y pasión!
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124
Paso Dos
Vocabulary Building Favor de usar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Doce y practicar con las palabras 10 veces. CARDS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sí, terminé de usar las Tarjetas de Retención 10 veces por cada palabra.
Paso Tres Sentence Structure
Please play your audio marked Lesson Twelve - Intermediate Instruction 1. AUDIO
Follow the instructions that are given to you on the audio by Ricardo.
Past Unreal Conditions Hoy, vamos a aprender cómo decir cosas como...
If you had eaten less, you would have been thinner.
If you had called more, she would have stayed with you.
If we had traveled more, we would have enjoyed life more.
If the Ramirez family hadn’t gone to the beach, they would have been sad.
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125
TIP
These are things that we talk about in the past that didn’t come true. In the last lesson we talked about things in the present that are not presently true. These, however, are really the “heartbreak” constructions of the language since these things happened in the past they’re over. Since life is full of so many disappointments you will consistently hear people talking about...
“if ...such and such had happened, then such and such would (not) have happened.”
Be very careful with this pattern because you can really inflict pain on a person if you use it inappropriately! For example...
If you had studied more, you would have learned Spanish. If you had managed your money wisely, you wouldn’t be bankrupt now.
Do you see what I mean? This is a really powerful weapon in the hands of a negative, blame-throwing human being, so please handle this particular construction with a great deal of care. Here’s an overview of this construction...(we’ll go into detail in a minute.”)
TIP
In the “if” part of the sentence, use the word “hubiera” for “had” and then add any past participle. A past participle ends in “ado” or “ido” unless it is rebellious. In the “then” part of the sentence, use the conditional for “haber” and then add any past participle. Follow along, I’ll explain this. Let’s jump in and you’ll get this pretty easily... 1. In the “if” part of the sentence use the correct form of “hubiera” for “had” and then add any past participle.
POR EJEMPLO
Si tú hubieras corrido... Si nosotros hubiéramos cocinado...
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126
“Hubiera” is from the verb “haber” which, as you know, works always as a helping verb to mean “have” or “had.” It is the same verb that forms “he, has, han, hemos, han” and “había, habías,” etc. in some of your past patterns. In this construction it means “had” and is “hubiera” in Spanish.
TIP
Don’t try to figure it out! Just use “hubiera” and put the right endings, and you’ll get this down fine. You use the form of “hubiera” that goes with the person...
yo hubiera tú hubieras usted, él or ella
hubiera
nosotros hubiéramos ustedes, ellos or ellas
hubieran
These are the same endings that you learned in Lección 10 for verbs that follow expressions of hope, doubt, etc. in the past. Again, the past participles are those action words that end with “ado" and "ido." There are also some rebellious past participles that you learned in Lección Ocho of this Level. If you need to review them, do so before doing your writing exercises. 2. In the "then" part of the sentence use the correct form of "habría" and add any past participle. tú habrías llegado más rápidamente. POR EJEMPLO
nosotros habríamos comido. “Habría” is the conditional form for the action word “haber” and means “would have” in this construction. Here they are...
TIP
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127
yo habría tú habrías usted, él or ella
habría
nosotros habríamos ustedes, ellos or ellas
habrían
Let's put together the two sentences from point number one... If you had run, you would have arrived faster. POR EJEMPLO
Si tú hubieras corrido, habrías llegado más rápidamente.
If we had cooked, we would have eaten.
Si nosotros hubiéramos cocinado, habríamos comido.
Vamos a practicar más... If you hadn’t gone to that meeting, they wouldn’t have choosen you. POR EJEMPLO
Si tú no hubieras ido a esa reunión, ellos no te habrían escogido. If he had negociated better, they would have bought the refrigerator. Si él hubiera negociado mejor, ellos habrían comprado la nevera. If I had hugged Cecilia, she would have been very happy. Si yo hubiera abrazado a Cecilia, ella habría estado muy feliz. If I had played more with my children, they would have been happy. Si yo hubiera jugado más con mis niños, habrían estado felices. If the supervisor had learned Spanish, he would have been president. Si el supervisor hubiera aprendido español, habría sido presidente.
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128
This type of construction could be used also when you want to say, TIP
If the supervisor had learned Spanish, he would be president. You use “would” instead of “would have.” The meaning is a little bit different than the ones before. It would be... Si el supervisor hubiera aprendido español, sería presidente. If I had played more with my children, they would be happy. Si yo hubiera jugado más con mis niños, estarían felices. Simply drop the form of “habría” and put the verb in the conditional and you’re home free. Some people have a tendency to mix some things from this lesson with the last lesson. It’s really not a problem, just stay with the construction that does exactly what you’re thinking in English and you’ll be in excellent shape. With this particular construction of “hubiera” + a past participle, you can do the “then” part of the sentence using either... • “habría” + a past participle to form “would have _________,” or, • you can simply use the straight conditional to form “would _______.” It really doesn’t matter, and you should decide which to use based on what you’re thinking in English. If you’re thinking... If you had called, I would be there.
Say... Sí tú hubieras llamado, yo estaría ahí.
If you’re thinking... If you had called, I would have been there.
Say... Si tú hubieras llamado, yo habría estado ahí.
Bueno amigo, es tiempo para leer esta lección tres veces más. Gracias.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
129
Sí, yo soy muy buen estudiante y leí esta lección tres veces más. Estoy tan feliz porque estoy terminando este nivel de aprendizaje (learning).
Paso Cuatro Writing and Revision
Necesitas hacer los ejercicios de escribir ahora. Escribe cinco ejercicios y luego revisa esos cinco. WRITING
1. If she had washed her sweater in the washer, she would not have dried it in the dryer. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. If the assignment had not been so long, they would have already finished it. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. If my manager had thought that earlier, the advertisement would not have had so many mistakes. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. If the pilot hadn’t been obligated to participate, the situation would have been very different. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. If Ricardo had invested in that industry, he would have been very excited. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. If the flight attendant had not served the passengers earlier, the pilot would have wondered why. ______________________________________________________________________ 7. If they had gotten up late, they would have gotten dressed very quickly. ______________________________________________________________________ 8. If the temperature had not been so cold, we would have gone to the beach in Miguel’s truck. ______________________________________________________________________
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130
9. If the team had given permission to its fans, they would have participated in the discussion. ______________________________________________________________________ 10. If they had brought a different keyboard and a different monitor, they would not have had that challenge. __________________________________________________________________ 11. If the honey had been next to the fax machine, would we have seen it? __________________________________________________________________ 12. If her skirt hadn’t been so short, would her parents have obligated her to stay in the house? __________________________________________________________________ 13. If she had not had a backache, would she have gone to the river? __________________________________________________________________ 14. If you (tú) had not had that allergy, would you have had a good time in the sun? __________________________________________________________________ 15. If it had not rained, would the mother have given permission to her children to (in order to ) play outside? __________________________________________________________________ 16. If they had chopped the lettuce, would they have needed the knife? __________________________________________________________________ 17. If she hadn’t had a very bad fever, would she have asked the doctor for medicine? __________________________________________________________________ 18. If María had boiled the onions, would they have smelled a lot? __________________________________________________________________ 19. If our family had borrowed that money, would we have bought a new car? __________________________________________________________________ 20. If their customer service had been better, would those clients have returned? __________________________________________________________________
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131
21. Si te hubieras divertido mucho, ¿cuánto tiempo más te habrías quedado? (una semana) __________________________________________________________________________ 22. Si no hubiera nevado, ¿habría estado muy fría la temperatura? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 23. Si no se hubiera reído ella muy fuerte, ¿la habrían oído en el supermercado? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 24. Si no hubieran seguido los estudiantes la discusión, ¿habrían sabido eso ahora? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 25. Si hubieran buscado ellos la palabra en el diccionario, ¿habrían sabido su significado? Sí,. __________________________________________________________________________ 26. Si hubiéramos venido más tarde y con poca gente, ¿qué habría pasado? (nuestra madre habría cocinado) __________________________________________________________________________ 27. Si hubiera tomado el dueño el vino antes de firmar el contrato, ¿habría tenido un acuerdo? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 28. Si hubiéramos medido el horno microondas, ¿lo habríamos comprado? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 29. Si hubiera abierto Viviana el horno, ¿habría podido ver la comida? Sí,... __________________________________________________________________________ 30. Si hubiera estado muy sucia la alfombra, ¿quién la habría aspirado? (María) __________________________________________________________________________ Sí, los terminé y quiero que sepas que me gusta aprender español.
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132
Paso Cinco
Vocabulary Reinforcement Favor de hacer lo siguiente... CARDS
• Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Doce cinco veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Once cuatro veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Diez tres veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Nueve dos veces. • iRevisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Ocho una vez. Quiero que dejes de usar las palabras de la Lección Siete de este nivel Cuando estás revisando las palabras quiero que actúes con las palabras, abras la boca, y hables con pasión Please check off each repetition that you do. Leccion Doce: Lección Once: Lección Diez: Lección Nueve: Lección Ocho:
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Sí, terminé de revisar con las Tarjetas de Retención.
Paso Seis Paced Reading
Please play your audio marked Lesson Twelve - Intermediate Paced Reading 1 Follow the instructions on the audio. AUDIO
Sí, terminé de hacer el Paced Reading para esta lección. Sí, yo he terminado exitosamente (successfully) el Nivel Intermedio de SpanishPower.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
133
Here are some very important review instructions... REVISION
Amigo, once you finish this level of instruction you will need to go back and do a complete review in order to prepare for your certification exam. By the way, this is easily the toughest level in the course. If you feel fairly comfortable with what you have learned in this level, you’re in great shape for the Advanced Level! This level has included a lot of material and I would like you to do the following in order to pull it all together... • Re-read the lesson material in Paso Tres for each lesson threetimes in a row. • After re-reading the lesson for a particular lesson, immediately do the Paced Reading for that lesson. This will normally bring the material fresh again, as long as you’ve followed the Six Steps according to instructions. ¡Felicitaciones! ¡Tú has terminado el Nivel Intermedio!
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
123
Paso Uno Pronunciation
Please play your audio marked Lesson Twelve - Intermediate Pronunciation. AUDIO
Quiero que abras la boca, hables alto, y hables con pasión!
el trapo
la razón
despedir
la esponja
el comprador
divorciarse
la basura
la factura
enviar
las hojas
la oferta
quemarse
la conducta
la propuesta
doler
los sentimientos
el espejo
exportar
la calidad
la guía telefónica
producir
el consejo
la radio
marcar
la mentira
las páginas amarillas
último
el vecindario
el código postal
común
la costumbre
reunirse
liviano
la experiencia
conocer
pesado
¡Sí, terminé de pronunciar las palabras con vida y pasión!
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
124
Paso Dos
Vocabulary Building Favor de usar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Doce y practicar con las palabras 10 veces. CARDS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sí, terminé de usar las Tarjetas de Retención 10 veces por cada palabra.
Paso Tres Sentence Structure
Please play your audio marked Lesson Twelve - Intermediate Instruction 1. AUDIO
Follow the instructions that are given to you on the audio by Ricardo.
Past Unreal Conditions Hoy, vamos a aprender cómo decir cosas como...
If you had eaten less, you would have been thinner.
If you had called more, she would have stayed with you.
If we had traveled more, we would have enjoyed life more.
If the Ramirez family hadn’t gone to the beach, they would have been sad.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
125
TIP
These are things that we talk about in the past that didn’t come true. In the last lesson we talked about things in the present that are not presently true. These, however, are really the “heartbreak” constructions of the language since these things happened in the past they’re over. Since life is full of so many disappointments you will consistently hear people talking about...
“if ...such and such had happened, then such and such would (not) have happened.”
Be very careful with this pattern because you can really inflict pain on a person if you use it inappropriately! For example...
If you had studied more, you would have learned Spanish. If you had managed your money wisely, you wouldn’t be bankrupt now.
Do you see what I mean? This is a really powerful weapon in the hands of a negative, blame-throwing human being, so please handle this particular construction with a great deal of care. Here’s an overview of this construction...(we’ll go into detail in a minute.”)
TIP
In the “if” part of the sentence, use the word “hubiera” for “had” and then add any past participle. A past participle ends in “ado” or “ido” unless it is rebellious. In the “then” part of the sentence, use the conditional for “haber” and then add any past participle. Follow along, I’ll explain this. Let’s jump in and you’ll get this pretty easily... 1. In the “if” part of the sentence use the correct form of “hubiera” for “had” and then add any past participle.
POR EJEMPLO
Si tú hubieras corrido... Si nosotros hubiéramos cocinado...
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
126
“Hubiera” is from the verb “haber” which, as you know, works always as a helping verb to mean “have” or “had.” It is the same verb that forms “he, has, han, hemos, han” and “había, habías,” etc. in some of your past patterns. In this construction it means “had” and is “hubiera” in Spanish.
TIP
Don’t try to figure it out! Just use “hubiera” and put the right endings, and you’ll get this down fine. You use the form of “hubiera” that goes with the person...
yo hubiera tú hubieras usted, él or ella
hubiera
nosotros hubiéramos ustedes, ellos or ellas
hubieran
These are the same endings that you learned in Lección 10 for verbs that follow expressions of hope, doubt, etc. in the past. Again, the past participles are those action words that end with “ado" and "ido." There are also some rebellious past participles that you learned in Lección Ocho of this Level. If you need to review them, do so before doing your writing exercises. 2. In the "then" part of the sentence use the correct form of "habría" and add any past participle. tú habrías llegado más rápidamente. POR EJEMPLO
nosotros habríamos comido. “Habría” is the conditional form for the action word “haber” and means “would have” in this construction. Here they are...
TIP
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
127
yo habría tú habrías usted, él or ella
habría
nosotros habríamos ustedes, ellos or ellas
habrían
Let's put together the two sentences from point number one... If you had run, you would have arrived faster. POR EJEMPLO
Si tú hubieras corrido, habrías llegado más rápidamente.
If we had cooked, we would have eaten.
Si nosotros hubiéramos cocinado, habríamos comido.
Vamos a practicar más... If you hadn’t gone to that meeting, they wouldn’t have choosen you. POR EJEMPLO
Si tú no hubieras ido a esa reunión, ellos no te habrían escogido. If he had negociated better, they would have bought the refrigerator. Si él hubiera negociado mejor, ellos habrían comprado la nevera. If I had hugged Cecilia, she would have been very happy. Si yo hubiera abrazado a Cecilia, ella habría estado muy feliz. If I had played more with my children, they would have been happy. Si yo hubiera jugado más con mis niños, habrían estado felices. If the supervisor had learned Spanish, he would have been president. Si el supervisor hubiera aprendido español, habría sido presidente.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
128
This type of construction could be used also when you want to say, TIP
If the supervisor had learned Spanish, he would be president. You use “would” instead of “would have.” The meaning is a little bit different than the ones before. It would be... Si el supervisor hubiera aprendido español, sería presidente. If I had played more with my children, they would be happy. Si yo hubiera jugado más con mis niños, estarían felices. Simply drop the form of “habría” and put the verb in the conditional and you’re home free. Some people have a tendency to mix some things from this lesson with the last lesson. It’s really not a problem, just stay with the construction that does exactly what you’re thinking in English and you’ll be in excellent shape. With this particular construction of “hubiera” + a past participle, you can do the “then” part of the sentence using either... • “habría” + a past participle to form “would have _________,” or, • you can simply use the straight conditional to form “would _______.” It really doesn’t matter, and you should decide which to use based on what you’re thinking in English. If you’re thinking... If you had called, I would be there.
Say... Sí tú hubieras llamado, yo estaría ahí.
If you’re thinking... If you had called, I would have been there.
Say... Si tú hubieras llamado, yo habría estado ahí.
Bueno amigo, es tiempo para leer esta lección tres veces más. Gracias.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
129
Sí, yo soy muy buen estudiante y leí esta lección tres veces más. Estoy tan feliz porque estoy terminando este nivel de aprendizaje (learning).
Paso Cuatro Writing and Revision
Necesitas hacer los ejercicios de escribir ahora. Escribe cinco ejercicios y luego revisa esos cinco. WRITING
1. If she had washed her sweater in the washer, she would not have dried it in the dryer. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. If the assignment had not been so long, they would have already finished it. ______________________________________________________________________ 3. If my manager had thought that earlier, the advertisement would not have had so many mistakes. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. If the pilot hadn’t been obligated to participate, the situation would have been very different. ______________________________________________________________________ 5. If Ricardo had invested in that industry, he would have been very excited. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. If the flight attendant had not served the passengers earlier, the pilot would have wondered why. ______________________________________________________________________ 7. If they had gotten up late, they would have gotten dressed very quickly. ______________________________________________________________________ 8. If the temperature had not been so cold, we would have gone to the beach in Miguel’s truck. ______________________________________________________________________
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
130
9. If the team had given permission to its fans, they would have participated in the discussion. ______________________________________________________________________ 10. If they had brought a different keyboard and a different monitor, they would not have had that challenge. __________________________________________________________________ 11. If the honey had been next to the fax machine, would we have seen it? __________________________________________________________________ 12. If her skirt hadn’t been so short, would her parents have obligated her to stay in the house? __________________________________________________________________ 13. If she had not had a backache, would she have gone to the river? __________________________________________________________________ 14. If you (tú) had not had that allergy, would you have had a good time in the sun? __________________________________________________________________ 15. If it had not rained, would the mother have given permission to her children to (in order to ) play outside? __________________________________________________________________ 16. If they had chopped the lettuce, would they have needed the knife? __________________________________________________________________ 17. If she hadn’t had a very bad fever, would she have asked the doctor for medicine? __________________________________________________________________ 18. If María had boiled the onions, would they have smelled a lot? __________________________________________________________________ 19. If our family had borrowed that money, would we have bought a new car? __________________________________________________________________ 20. If their customer service had been better, would those clients have returned? __________________________________________________________________
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
131
21. Si te hubieras divertido mucho, ¿cuánto tiempo más te habrías quedado? (una semana) __________________________________________________________________________ 22. Si no hubiera nevado, ¿habría estado muy fría la temperatura? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 23. Si no se hubiera reído ella muy fuerte, ¿la habrían oído en el supermercado? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 24. Si no hubieran seguido los estudiantes la discusión, ¿habrían sabido eso ahora? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 25. Si hubieran buscado ellos la palabra en el diccionario, ¿habrían sabido su significado? Sí,. __________________________________________________________________________ 26. Si hubiéramos venido más tarde y con poca gente, ¿qué habría pasado? (nuestra madre habría cocinado) __________________________________________________________________________ 27. Si hubiera tomado el dueño el vino antes de firmar el contrato, ¿habría tenido un acuerdo? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 28. Si hubiéramos medido el horno microondas, ¿lo habríamos comprado? No,... __________________________________________________________________________ 29. Si hubiera abierto Viviana el horno, ¿habría podido ver la comida? Sí,... __________________________________________________________________________ 30. Si hubiera estado muy sucia la alfombra, ¿quién la habría aspirado? (María) __________________________________________________________________________ Sí, los terminé y quiero que sepas que me gusta aprender español.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
132
Paso Cinco
Vocabulary Reinforcement Favor de hacer lo siguiente... CARDS
• Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Doce cinco veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Once cuatro veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Diez tres veces. • Revisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Nueve dos veces. • iRevisar las Tarjetas de Retención para la Lección Ocho una vez. Quiero que dejes de usar las palabras de la Lección Siete de este nivel Cuando estás revisando las palabras quiero que actúes con las palabras, abras la boca, y hables con pasión Please check off each repetition that you do. Leccion Doce: Lección Once: Lección Diez: Lección Nueve: Lección Ocho:
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Sí, terminé de revisar con las Tarjetas de Retención.
Paso Seis Paced Reading
Please play your audio marked Lesson Twelve - Intermediate Paced Reading 1 Follow the instructions on the audio. AUDIO
Sí, terminé de hacer el Paced Reading para esta lección. Sí, yo he terminado exitosamente (successfully) el Nivel Intermedio de SpanishPower.
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
133
Here are some very important review instructions... REVISION
Amigo, once you finish this level of instruction you will need to go back and do a complete review in order to prepare for your certification exam. By the way, this is easily the toughest level in the course. If you feel fairly comfortable with what you have learned in this level, you’re in great shape for the Advanced Level! This level has included a lot of material and I would like you to do the following in order to pull it all together... • Re-read the lesson material in Paso Tres for each lesson threetimes in a row. • After re-reading the lesson for a particular lesson, immediately do the Paced Reading for that lesson. This will normally bring the material fresh again, as long as you’ve followed the Six Steps according to instructions. ¡Felicitaciones! ¡Tú has terminado el Nivel Intermedio!
©2001-2016 Bilingual America • BilingualAmerica.com All Rights Reserved • Derechos Reservados
